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________________ DaoN0 indracandra zAstrI ema0 e0 pI-eca0 DI0, zAstrAcArya, vedAntavAridhi, nyAyatIrtha zrAvakadharma jainadharma ke anusAra sAdhanA kA uddezya kisI bAhya vastu kI prApti karanA nahIM, varan bAhya prabhAva ke kAraNa AtmA kA jo zuddha svarUpa chipA huA hai, use prakaTa karanA hai. jaba AtmA apane zuddha svarUpa ko prApta kara letA hai to vahI paramAtmA bana jAtA hai. paramAtmapada kI prApti hI jaina-sAdhanA kA lakSya hai. isakI prApti ke liye jIva apane vikAroM ko dUra karatA huA kramazaH Age bar3hatA hai. jainasaMgha meM gRhatyAgI aura gRhastha donoM vargoM ko sthAna diyA gayA hai. ataeva svAbhAvika hai ki sAdhakoM ke starabheda ke kAraNa unakI sAdhanA ke stara meM bhI bhinnatA ho. yahI kAraNa hai ki jainazAstroM meM munidharma aura gRhastha-dharma kA pRthakpRthak nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai. prastuta nibaMdha meM gRhasthadharmasAdhanA para hI prakAza DAlA jAegA. gRhasthadharma ko saMyamAsaMyama, dezavirati, dezacAritra Adi bhI kahate haiM. yaha sarvavidita hai ki zramaNa-paramparA meM tyAga para adhika bala diyA gayA hai. yahAM vikAsa kA artha Antarika samRddhi hai aura yadi bAhya sukha-sAmagrI usameM bAdhaka hai to use bhI heya batAyA gayA hai. phira bhI jaina-paramparA ne AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI madhyama zreNI ke rUpa meM eka aisI bhUmikA ko svIkAra kiyA hai jahA~ tyAga aura bhoga kA sundara samanvaya hai. bauddhasaMgha meM kevala bhikSu hI sammilita kiye jAte haiM, gRhasthoM ke liye sthAna nahIM hai. kintu jainasaMgha meM donoM sammilita haiM. jahA~ taka muni kI caryA kA prazna hai jaina-paramparA ne use atyanta kaThora tathA uccastara para rakhA hai. bauddha-bhikSu apanI caryA meM rahatA huA bhI aneka pravRttiyoM meM bhAga le sakatA hai kintu jaina muni aisA nahIM kara sakatA. pariNAmasvarUpa jahA~ tapa aura tyAga kI AdhyAtmika jyoti ko prajvalita rakhanA sAdhusaMsthA kA kArya hai, saMgha ke bharaNa-poSaNa evaM bAhya suvidhAoM kA dhyAna rakhanA zrAvaka-saMsthA kA kArya hai.. bauddhadharma meM bhI sAdhanA-mArga ke rUpa meM zrAvaka-yAna kA nirdeza milatA hai. vahAM zrAvaka zabda kA artha hai, vaha sAdhaka jo dUsaroM se sunakara jJAna prApta karatA hai aura sAdhanA ke patha para agrasara hotA huA nirvANa avasthA meM pahuMcatA hai. isakI tulanA meM vahA~ do yAna aura haiM. pratyeka buddhayAna aura bodhisatvayAna. pratyeka buddha apane Apa jJAna prApta karatA hai aura bodhisatva apane kalyANa ke sAtha dUsaroM ke kalyANa meM bhI pravRtta hotA hai. isa prakAra bodhisatva aura zeSa do meM lakSya kA bheda hai. jaina paramparA meM jo sthAna tIrthaMkara kA hai bauddha-paramparA meM vahI buddha kA hai. zrAvaka aura pratyeka buddha meM jJAnaprApti kI dRSTi se bheda hai. jahA~ taka unake zIla yA caritra kA prazna hai koI bheda nahIM hai kintu jaina paramparA meM zrAvaka aura muni meM mukhya bheda caritra ke stara kA hai. jaina-sAhitya meM zrAvaka zabda ke do artha milate haiM--pahalA, 'thi' dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha hai sunanA. jo zAstroM kA zravaNa karatA hai aura tadanusAra calane kA yathAzakti prayatna karatA hai vaha zrAvaka hai. zrAvaka zabda se sAdhAraNatayA yahI artha grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai. pratIta hotA hai jaina paramparA meM zrAvakoM dvArA svayaM zAstrAdhyayana kI paripATI nahIM varavara J ___JainEvsatiorime elsose on ww.jaineitorary.org
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________________ ---0-0-0-0-0-0--0--0-0 500 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya rahI. yatra tatra sAdhuoM ke adhyayana aura unheM par3hAne vAle vAcanAcArya kA varNana milatA hai. adhyayana karane vAle sAdhuoM kI yogyatA tathA Avazyaka taponuSThAna kA vidhAna bhI kiyA gayA hai kintu zrAvakoM kA nirdeza zAstrAdhyayana ke sambandha meM kahIM nahIM milatA. isa kA dUsarA artha 'zrApAke' dhAtu ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai. isa dhAtu se saMskRta rUpa 'zrApaka' banatA hai jisakA prAkRta meM 'zAkya' ho sakatA hai kintu saMskRta meM 'zrAvaka' zabda ke sAtha isakI saMgati nahIM baiThatI. ina zabda kA Azaya hai vaha vyakti, jo bhojana pakAtA hai, isake viparIta sAdhu bhikSA para nirvAha karate haiM, pakAte nahIM. zrAvaka ke liye bAraha vratoM kA vidhAna hai. unameM se prathama pAMca aNuvrata yA zIlavrata kahe jAte haiM. aguvrata kA artha hai choTe vrata. sAdhu hiMsA Adi kA pUrNa parityAga karatA hai ataH usake vrata mahAvrata kahe jAte haiM. zrAvaka unakA pAlana maryAdita rUpa meM karatA hai ata: usake vrata aNuvrata kahe jAte haiM. zIla kA artha hai AcAra, ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ye pAMca caritra yA AcAra kI AdhAra zilA hai. isIlie inako zIla kahA jAtA hai. bauddha sAhitya meM bhI inake liye yahI nAma milatA hai. yoga darzana meM inheM yama kahA gayA hai aura aSTAMga yoga kI AdhAra zilA mAnA gayA hai aura kahA gayA hai ki ye aise vrata haiM jo sArvabhauma haiM-vyakti deza-kAla tathA paristhiti kI maryAdA se pare haiM arthAt dharmAdharma yA karttavyA-kartavya kA nirUpaNa karate samaya anya niyamoM kI jAMca ahiMsA Adi ke AdhAra para karanA cAhie kintu inheM kisI dUsare ke liye gauNa nahIM banAyA jA sakatA. hiMsA pratyeka avasthA meM pApa hai usake liye koI apavAda nahIM haiM. koI vya vita ho yA kaisI hI paristhiti ho, hiMsA pApa hai, ahiMsA dharma hai. satya Adi ke liye bhI yahI bAta hai. kintu inakA pUrNatayA pAlana vahIM ho sakatA hai jahA~ saba pravRttiyAM banda ho jAtI haiM. hamArI pratyeka halacala meM sUkSma yA sthUla hiMsA hotI rahatI hai ataH sAdhaka ke liye vidhAna hai ki usa lakSya para dRSTi rakhakara yathAzakti Age bar3hatA calA jAya. sAdhu aurazra vika isI pragati kI do kakSAeM haiM. zrAvaka ke zeSa sAta vratoM ko zikSA-vrata kahA gayA hai ve jIvana meM anuzAsana lAte haiM. inameM se prathama tIna bAhya anuzAsana ke liye haiM aura hamArI vyAvasAyika halacala, dainandina rahana-sahana evaM zarIra-saMcAlana para niyaMtraNa karate haiM aura zeSa cAra AMtarika zuddhi ke liye haiM. ina donoM zreNiyoM meM vibhAjana karane ke liye prathama tIna ko guNa vrata aura zeSa cAra ko zikSA vrata bhI kahA jAtA hai. ina bAraha vratoM ke atirikta pUrva bhUmikA ke rUpa meM samyaktva-vrata hai jahAM sAdhaka kI dRSTi antarmukhI bana jAtI hai aura vaha Antarika vikAsa ko adhika mahattva dene lagatA hai, isakA nirUpaNa pahale kiyA jA cukA hai. bAraha vratoM kA anuSThAna karatA huA zrAvaka AdhyAtmika zakti kA saMcaya karatA jAtA hai. utsAha bar3hane para vaha ghara kA bhAra putra ko sauMpa kara dharma-sthAna meM pahuMca jAtA hai aura sArA samaya tapasyA aura Atma-cintana meM bitAne lagatA hai. usa samaya vaha gyAraha pratimAyeM svIkAra karatA hai aura uttarottara bar3hatA huA apanI caryA ko muni ke samAna banA letA hai. jaba vaha yaha dekhatA ki mana meM utsAha hone para bhI zarIra kRza ho gayA hai aura bala kSINa hotA jA rahA hai to nahIM cAhatA ki zArIrika durbalatA mana ko prabhAvita kare aura Atma-cintana ke sthAna para zArIrika cintAyeM hone lageM. isa vicAra ke sAtha vaha zarIra kA mamatva chor3a detA hai. AhAra kA parityAga karake nirantara Atma-cintana meM lIna rahatA hai. jahA~ vaha jIvana kI icchA kA parityAga kara detA hai, vahA~ yaha bhI nahIM cAhatA ki mRtyu zIghra A jAya. jIvana aura mRtyu, nindA aura stuti, sukha aura duHkha sabake prati samabhAva rakhatA huA samaya Ane para zAntacitta se sthUla zarIra ko chor3a detA hai. zrAvaka kI isa dinacaryA kA varNana upAsakadazAMga ke prathama Ananda nAmaka adhyayana meM hai. aba hama saMkSepa meM ina vratoM kA nirUpaNa kareMge. pratyeka vrata kA pratipAdana do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai. pahalA bhAga vidhAna ke rUpa meM hai. jahAM sAdhaka apanI vyavahAra maryAdA kA nizcaya karatA hai usa maryAdA ko saMkucita karanA usakI apanI icchA evaM utsAha para nirbhara hai kintu maryAdA se Age bar3hane para vrata TUTa jAtA hai. dUsare bhAga meM una doSoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai jinakI saMbhAvanA banI rahatI hai aura kahA gayA hai ki zrAvaka ko unheM jAnanA cAhie kintu AcaraNa na karanA cAhie. zrAvaka ke liye dinacaryA ke rUpa meM pratikramaNa kA vidhAna hai. usameM vaha pratidina ina vratoM evaM saMbhAvita doSoM ko doharAtA hai kisI Jain Edation Inter orary.org
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________________ DA0 indracandra zAstrI : zrAvakadharma : 101 prakAra kA doSa dhyAna meM Ane para prAyazcitta karatA hai aura bhaviSya meM unake nirdoSa pAlana kI ghoSaNA karatA hai. ina sambhAvita doSoM ko aticAra kahA gayA hai. jaina zAstroM meM vrata ke atikramaNa kI cAra koTiyAM batAI gaI haiM : 1. atikrama-vrata ko ullaMghana karane kA mana meM jJAta yA ajJAta rUpa se vicAra AnA. 2. vyatikrama-ullaMghana karane ke liye pravRtti. 3. aticAra-vrata kA AMzika rUpa meM ullaMghana. 4, anAcAra-vrata kA pUrNatayA TUTa jAnA. aticAra kI sImA vahIM taka hai jaba koI doSa anajAna meM laga jAtA hai, jAna-bUjha kara vratabhaMga karane para anAcAra ho jAtA hai. hisA-trata ahiMsA jaina-paramparA kA mUla hai. jainadharma aura darzana kA samasta vikAsa isI mUla tattva ko lekara huA hai. AcArAMga sUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ghoSaNA kI hai ki jo arihanta bhUtakAla meM ho cuke haiM, jo vartamAna meM haiM tathA jo bhaviSya meM hoMge una sabakA eka hI kathana hai, eka hI upadeza, eka hI pratipAdana hai tathA eka hI udghoSa hai ki vizva meM jitane prANi, bhUta, jIva yA sattva haiM kisI ko nahIM mAranA cAhie, kisI ko nahIM satAnA cAhie. kisI ko kaSTa yA pIr3A nahIM denI cAhie. jIvana ke isa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana samatA ke AdhAra para karate hue unhoMne kahA- jaba tuma kisI ko mAranA, satAnA yA pIr3A denA cAhate ho to usake sthAna para apane ko rakhakara soco, jisa prakAra yadi koI tumheM mAre yA kaSTa deve to acchA nahIM lagatA. isI sUtra meM bhagavAn ne phira kahA hai-are mAnava, apane Apase yuddha kara, bAhya yuddhoM se koI lAbha nahIM. isa prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ahiMsA ke do rUpa upasthita kiye. eka bAhya rUpa jisakA artha hai kisI prANI ko kaSTa na denA. dUsarA Abhyantara rUpa hai jisakA artha hai kisI ke prati durbhAvanA na rakhanA, kisI kA burA na socanA. dazavakAlika sUtra meM dharma ko utkRSTa maMgala batAyA hai. isakA artha hai jo Adi, madhya tathA aMta, tInoM avasthAoM meM maMgala rUpa ho vahI dharma hai usake tIna aMga batAe gae haiM--1. ahiMsA, 2. saMyama, 3. tapa. vAstava meM dekhA jAya to saMyama aura tapa ahiMsA ke do pahalU haiM. saMyama kA sambandha bAhya pravRttiyoM ke sAtha hai aura tapa kA Antarika malinatAoM yA kusaMskAroM ke sAtha. uparyukta aNuvratoM tathA zikSAvratoM kA vibhAjana inhIM do rUpoM ko sAmane rakhakara kiyA gayA hai. saMyama aura tapa kI pUrNatA ke rUpa meM hI muniyoM ke liye eka ora mahAvrata tathA samiti, gupti Adi unakI sahAyaka kriyAoM kA vidhAna hai aura dUsarI ora bAhya tathA Abhyantara aneka prakAra kI tapasyAoM kA vidhAna hai. pAMca mahAvatoM meM bhI vastutaH dekhA jAya to satya aura asteya, bAhya ahiMsA arthAt vyavahAra ke sAtha sambandha rakhate haiM, brahmacarya tathA aparigraha Antarika ahiMsA arthAt vicAra ke sAtha sambandha rakhate haiM. vyAsa ne pAtaJjala yoga ke bhASya meM kahA hai...."ahiMsA bhUtAnAmanabhidrohaH." droha kA artha hai IrSyA yA dveSa buddhi. isameM mukhyatayA vicArapakSa ko sAmane rakkhA gayA hai, jaina-darzana vicAra aura vyavahAra donoM para bala detA hai. jaina-darzana kA sarvasva syAdvAda hai. vaha vicAroM kI ahiMsA hai. isakA artha hai vyakti apane vicAroM ko jitanA mahattva detA hai dUsaroM ke vicAroM ko bhI utanA de. galata siddha hone para apane vicAroM ko chor3ane para taiyAra rahe aura vAstavika siddha hone para dUsare ke vicAroM kA svAgata kare. jaina-darzana kA kathana hai ki vyakti apanI-apanI paristhiti ke anusAra vibhinna dRSTikoNoM ko upasthita karate haiM. ve dRSNikoNa mithyA nahIM hote kintu sApekSa hote haiM. paristhiti tathA samaya ke anusAra unameM se kisI eka kA cunAva kiyA jAtA hai. isa cunAva ko dravya, kSetra, kAla tathA bhAva ina zabdoM dvArA prakaTa kiyA gayA hai. SANSAR Jain Education wisdainelibrary.org
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________________ 202 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya -0-0--0--0-0--0--0-0-0-0 umAsvAti ne apane 'tattvArthasUtra' meM hiMsA kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai-'pramattayogAt prANavyaparopaNam hisA !" isa vyAkhyA ke do bhAga haiM, pahalA bhAga hai-'pramattayogAt'. yoga kA artha hai mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRtti, pramatta kA artha hai pramAda se yukta. ve pAMca haiM : 1. madya-arthAt aisI vastueM jinase manuSya kI viveka-zakti kuNThita ho jAtI hai. 2. viSaya-rUpa, rasa, gandha Adi indriyoM ke viSaya, jinake AkarSaNa meM par3a kara manuSya apane hitAhita ko bhUla jAtA hai. 3. kaSAya-krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha Adi manovega, jo manuSya ko pAgala banA dete haiM. 4. nidrA-Alasya yA akarmaNyatA. 1. vikathA-striyoM ke saundarya, deza-videza kI ghaTanAeM, bhojana sambandhI svAda tathA rAjakIya vyavasthA Adi viSayoM ko lekara vyartha kI carcAyeM karate rahanA. pramAda kI avasthA meM mana, vacana aura zarIra kI aisI pravRtti karanA jisase dUsare ke prANa para AghAta pahuMce-hisA hai. isakA artha hai yadi hitabuddhi se prerita hokara koI kArya kiyA jAtA hai aura usase dUsare ko kaSTa pahuMcatA hai to vaha hiMsA nahIM hai. uparokta vyAkhyA meM prANazabda atyanta vyApaka hai. jaina-zAstroM meM prANa ke dasa bheda haiM-pAMca indriyAM, mana, vacana, kAyA, zvAsocchvAsa aura Ayu. inakA vyaparopaNa do prakAra se hotA hai. AghAta dvArA tathA pratibandha dvArA. dUsare ko aisI coTa pahuMcAnA jisase dikhanA yA sunanA banda ho jAya, AghAta hai. dUsare ko dekhane yA sunane se rokanA, usakI svatantra vRttiyoM meM bAdhA DAlanA pratibandha hai. dUsare ke svatantra cintana, bhASaNa athavA yAtAyAta meM rukAvaTa DAlanA bhI pratibandha ke antargata hai aura vaha hiMsA hai. dUsare kI khulI havA ko rokanA, use dUSita karanA, zvAsocchvAsa para pratibandha hai. yahA~ yaha prazna hotA hai ki eka nAgarika apanI svatantra pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa dUsare nAgarika ke rahana-sahana evaM sukhasuvidhA meM bAdhA DAlatA hai, usake vaiyaktika jIvana meM hastakSepa karatA hai, corI, DakaitI tathA anya aparAdhoM dvArA zAnti bhaMga karatA hai, kyA usa para niyantraNa karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai ? yahIM sAdhu aura zrAvaka kI caryA meM antara ho jAtA hai. sAdhu kisI para hiMsAtmaka niyaMtraNa nahIM karatA. vaha aparAdhI ko bhI usake kalyANa kI buddhi se upadeza dvArA samajhAtA hai, use kisI prakAra kA kaSTa nahIM denA cAhatA. isake viparIta zrAvaka ko isa bAta kI chUTa rahatI hai vaha aparAdhI ko daNDa de sakatA hai. nAgarika jIvana meM bAdhA DAlane vAle para hiMsAtmaka niyantraNa rakha sakatA hai. sAdhu aura zrAvaka kI ahiMsA meM eka bAta kA antara aura hai-jaina-dharma ke anusAra pRthvI, pAnI, agni, vAyu tathA vanaspatiyoM meM bhI jIva haiM aura unheM sthAvara kahA gayA hai aura calane phirane vAle jIvoM ko trasa kahA gayA hai. sAdhu apane liye, bhojana banAnA, pakAnA, makAna banAnA, Adi koI pravRtti nahIM karatA, vaha bhikSA para nirvAha karatA hai, isake viparIta zrAvaka apanI AvazyakatA-pUrti ke liye maryAdita rUpa meM pravRttiyAM karatA hai aura unameM pRthvI, pAnI, agni Adi sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hI rahatI hai. usa sUkSma hiMsA kA usase tyAga nahIM hotA. vaha kevala sthUla arthAt trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA kA tyAga karatA hai. isa prakAra zrAvaka kI caryA meM do chUTeM haiM. pahalI aparAdhI ko daNDa dene kI aura dUsarI sUkSma hiMsA kI. isI AdhAra para zrAvaka ke vratoM ko sAgArI arthAt chUTa vAle kahA jAtA hai. isake viparIta sAdhu ke vratoM ko anAgAra kahA jAtA hai. jIvanavyavahAra ke sambandha meM do dRSTikoNa milate haiM. pahalA dRSTikoNa manusmRti meM AyA hai jahAM kahA gayA hai'jIvo jIvasya jIvanam'. eka jIva dUsare jIva kA jIvana hai arthAt bhojana hai. isameM yaha prakaTa kiyA gayA hai ki prANiyoM kA jIvana paraspara hiMsA para TikA huA hai. Arthika kSetra meM isI hisA ko zoSaNa kahA jAtA hai aura rAjanItika kSetra meM atyAcAra. jaba usakA vyavahAra cora, DAkU, Adi karate haiM to use aparAdha kahA jAtA hai. dUsarA Jain ducation Jainelibrary.org
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________________ DA0 indracandra zAstrI : zravakadharma : 103 ------------------ dRTTikoNa paraspara sahayoga kA hai. eka vyakti ko bhojana kI AvazyakatA hai aura dUsare ko vastra kI. bhojana taiyAra karane vAlA apane bhojana kA kucha aMza vastra taiyAra karane vAle ko de detA hai aura usase vastra prApta karatA hai. isa prakAra vinimaya ke dvArA binA kisI hiMsA ke donoM kI AvazyakatA pUrNa ho jAtI hai. zrAvaka kA jIvana paraspara sahayoga ke isI siddhAMta para AdhArita hai. karaNa aura yoga pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki manuSya kI pravRttiyAM sAdhanA kI apekSA se tIna prakAra kI hotI haiM.-.-mAnasika, vAcika, aura kAyika. inheM jana-paramparA meM yoga kahA gayA hai. isI prakAra kriyA kI apekSA se bhI usake tIna prakAra haiMsvayaM karanA, dUsare se karAnA aura karane vAle kA anumodana karanA. inheM karaNa kahA gayA hai. ___ ahiMsA kA vidhyAtmaka rUpa ahiMsA ko jIvana meM utArane ke liye maitrI-bhAvanA kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai. zrAvaka pratidina ghoSaNA karatA hai-maiM saba jIvoM ko kSamA pradAna karatA hU~, saba jIva mujhe kSamA pradAna kareM. merI sabase mitratA hai, kisIse vaira nahIM hai. isa ghoSaNA meM zrAvaka sarvaprathama svayaM kSamA pradAna karatA hai aura kahatA hai ki mujhase kisI ko Darane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, maiM sabako abhaya pradAna karatA hU~. dUsare vAkya dvArA vaha anya prANiyoM se kSamA-yAcanA karatA hai aura svayaM nirbhaya honA cAhatA hai. vaha aise jIvana kI kAmanA karatA hai jahA~ vaha na zoSaka bane aura na zoSita, na bhayotpAdaka bane aura na bhayabhIta, na trAsaka bane aura na trasta, na utpIr3aka bane na pIr3ita. tIsare caraNa meM vaha sabase mitratA kI ghoSaNA karatA hai. arthAt sabako samatA kI dRSTi se dekhatA hai. mitratA kA mUla AdhAra hai pratidAna kI AzA na rakhate hue dUsare ko adhika se adhika pradAna karane kI bhAvanA. eka mitra ko dUsare mitra kI sukha-suvidhA va AvazyakatA kA jitanA dhyAna rahatA hai, utanA apanA nahIM. isake viparIta jaba apanI sukha-suvidhA ke liye dUsare kA haka chInane kI bhAvanA A jAtI hai, tabhI zatrutA kA mizraNa hone lagatA hai. mitratA kI ghoSaNA dvArA zrAvaka anya saba prANiyoM kA hitaiSI evaM rakSaka banane kI pratijJA karatA hai. cauthA caraNa hai-merA kisI se vaira nahIM hai. vaha kahatA hai-IrSyA, dveSa, manomAlinya Adi zatrutA ke jitane kAraNa haiM, maiM una saba ko dho cukA hU~ aura zuddha evaM pavitra hRdaya ko lekara vizva ke sAmane upasthita hotA hUM. jo vyakti kama se kama varSa meM eka bAra isa prakAra ghoSaNA nahIM karatA, use apane Apa ko jaina kahane kA adhikAra nahIM hai. yadi pratyeka vyakti, samAja tathA rASTra isa ghoSaNA ko apanA leM to vizva kI aneka samasyAeM sulajha jAyeM. vibhinna vyaktiyoM kI dRSTi se maitrI ke cAra rUpa batAye gaye haiM. inhIM ko bauddha dharma meM brahmavihAra ke rUpa meM kahA gayA hai aura yoga-darzana meM citta ko prasanna evaM nirmala banAne ke rUpa meM. 1. maitrI- samasta prANiyoM ke sAtha mitratA tathA unake sukha kI kAmanA. yoga-darzana meM sukhasampanna vyaktiyoM ke prati mitratA kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai. jisa prakAra hameM mitra ke sukha-sampatti tathA svAsthya se prasannatA hotI hai isI prakAra sabakI unnati para prasanna honA sarvamaitrI hai. isa bhAvanA dvArA vyakti IrSyA para vijaya prApta karatA hai, arthAt dUsaroM kI unnati se usake mana meM duHkha nahIM hotA pratyuta prasannatA hotI hai. dUsarI ora vaha saMkucita svArtha se Upara uThane lagatA hai aura vaiyaktika unnati ke sthAna para sabakI unnati cAhane lagatA hai. 2. karuNA- dukhI ko dekhakara mana meM sahAnubhUti tathA saMvedanA honA, usake duHkha ko dUra karane ke liye prayatnazIla honA. prAyaH yaha dekhA gayA hai ki dUsare ko kaSTa yA saMkaTa meM dekha kara sarvasAdhAraNa usase ghRNA karane lagatA hai. sahayogI tathA mitrajana usase katarAne lagate haiM. itanA hI nahIM, usakI vivazatAoM se lAbha uThAne kA prayatna karate haiM. yaha eka prakAra kI hiMsA-vRtti hai. ahiMsA ke sAdhaka ko dukhI kA du:kha dUra karane tathA usake kaSTa meM hissA baMTAne kI bhAvanA rakhanI cAhie. RANry.org
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________________ 504 : muni zrIhajArIla smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya 3. muditA--jo vyakti vidyA, tyAga athavA kisI anya guNa ke kAraNa Age bar3hA huA hai use dekha kara prAyaH hamAre mana meM asUyA utpanna hotI hai. arthAt hama usameM doSa nikAlane kA prayatna karate haiM. yadi vaha tyAgI hai to use DhoMgI kahane lagate haiM, yadi vidvAna hai to raTU. isI prakAra samAja-sevaka, netA, dAnI Adi pratyeka meM koI na koI doSa nikAlane kI ceSTA kI jAtI hai. yaha eka prakAra kI asahiSNutA hai aura chipI huI hiMsA kA bAhya rUpa hai. ise dUra karane ke lie guNI ko dekhakara prasanna hone kI Adata honI cAhie. use dekhakara jhuka jAnA aura usake guNoM ko apane meM lAnA muditA hai. doSa aura guNa pratyeka vyakti meM rahate haiM, hamArA dhyAna guNoM kI ora jAnA cAhie, doSoM kI ora nahIM. 4. upekSA-jo vyakti hamAre pratikula calatA hai, hamase zatrutA karatA hai, hameM hAni pahu~cAne kI ceSTA karatA hai, usake prati bhI dveSa na kara ke taTastha vRtti rakhanA upekSA hai. ina cAra bhAvanAoM se kramazaH IrSyA, ghRNA, asUyA aura dveSa para vijaya prApta hotI hai. ye saba AtmA ke mala haiM aura use azAnta banAye rakhate haiM. ahiMsA aura kAyaratA ahiMsA para prAyaH AkSepa kiyA jAtA hai ki yaha kAyaratA hai. zatru ke sAmane Ane para jo vyakti saMgharSa kI himmata nahIM rakhatA, vahI ahiMsA ko apanAtA hai; kintu yaha dhAraNA ThIka nahIM hai. kAyara vaha hotA hai jo mana meM pratikAra kI bhAvanA hone para bhI pratyAkramaNa karane se DaratA hai. aise vyakti kA AkramaNa na karanA yA zatru ke sAmane jhuka jAnA ahiMsA nahIM hai, vaha to AkramaNa se bhI bar3I hiMsA hai. mahAtmA gAMdhI kA kathana hai ki Akramaka yA krUra vyakti vicAroM meM parivartana hone para ahiMsaka bana sakatA hai kintu kAyara ke liye ahiMsaka bananA asambhava hai. ahiMsA kI pahalI zarta zatru ke prati mitratA yA prema bhAvanA hai. choTA bAlaka bahuta-sI vastueM tor3a-phor3a DAlatA hai, mAtA ko usase parezAnI hotI hai, kintu vaha muskarA kara TAla detI hai. bAlaka ke bholepana para usakA prema aura bhI bar3ha jAtA hai. mitratA yA prema kI yaha pahalI zarta hai dUsare ke dvArA hAni pahu~cAne para krodha na AnA pratyuta upasthita kiye gaye kaSToM, jhaMjhaToM tathA hAniyoM se saMgharSa karane meM adhikAdhika Ananda anubhava karanA. ahiMsaka zatru se Dara kara zatru ko kSamA nahIM karatA kintu usakI bhUla ko durbalatA samajha kara kSamA karatA hai. ahiMsA kI isa bhUmi para birale hI pahu~cate haiM. jo vyakti pUrNatayA aparigrahI haiM, arthAt jinheM dhana-sampatti, mAna-apamAna tathA apane zarIra se bhI mamatva nahIM hai, jo samasta svArthoM ko tyAga cuke haiM ve hI aisA kara sakate haiM. dUsaroM ke liye ahisA hI dUsarI koTi hai ki niraparAdha ko daNDa na diyA jAya kintu aparAdhI kA damana karane ke liye hiMsA kA prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai. usameM bhI aparAdhI ko sudhArane yA usake kalyANa kI bhAvanA rahanI cAhie use naSTa karane kI nahIM. dveSabuddhi jitanI kama hogI vyakti utanA hI ahiMsA kI ora agrasara kahA jAyegA. bhAratIya itihAsa meM aneka jaina rAjA-maMtrI, senApati tathA bar3e-bar3e vyApArI ho cuke haiM. samasta pravRttiyA~ karate hue bhI ve jaina bane rahe. ahiMsA aura jIvana-nirvAha kucha samaya se yaha prazna uThA hai ki bhArata kI jana-saMkhyA bahuta bar3ha gaI hai pariNAma svarUpa khAdya-sAmagrI kama par3ane lagI hai ataH sarakAra kI ora se machaliyA~ pAlane tathA unheM khAne ko protsAhana diyA jA rahA hai. aisI sthiti meM eka jaina kA kyA kartavya hai ? khAdya-sAmagrI kI kamI ko dUra karane ke aneka upAya haiM. bhArata ke kSetraphala ko dekhate hue kamI nahIM honI cAhie. upaja bar3hAnA tathA jana-saMkhyA kI vRddhi ko rokanA Adi aneka upAya kAma meM lAye jA sakate haiM. usa carcA meM na jA kara hama khAdya saMkaTa ko vAstavika mAna kara calate haiM. PAIN PANERMANAGIRAL HINDI Jan ERINNENINANANANENSERES NENOSSENENINOSE Entry.org
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________________ DA0 indracandra zAstrI : zrAvakadharma : 205 jaina kA artha hai vaha vyakti, jo jaina siddhAMtoM meM vizvAsa rakhatA hai. jo vyakti mAMsAhArI vaizyAgamana Adi ko nahIM chor3atA phira bhI jaina siddhAMta meM anurAga rakhatA hai, use apane Apa ko jaina kahane kA adhikAra hai, zrAvaka, sAdhu tathA vItarAga kI zreNiyA~ usake Upara haiM. mAMsAhAra burA hone para bhI karane yA chor3ane mAtra se koI jaina yA ajaina nahIM banatA. yaha bAta pratyeka vyakti kI icchA aura utsAha para nirbhara hai ki vaha tyAga ke mArga para kitanA Age bar3hatA hai. sAdhu prANa-saMkaTa Ane para bhI dUsare kI hiMsA nahIM karatA, usakI caryA nirapavAda hai, kintu zrAvaka ko AvazyakatAnusAra chUTa rahatI hai. vaha apanI zakti aura paristhiti ke anusAra hI vratoM kA pAlana karatA hai. yadi vaha mAMsAhAra ko burA samajhatA hai aura prANa saMkaTa Ane para bhI usa ora nahIM jAnA cAhatA to vaha uccAdarza hai yadi itanI zakti yA sAhasa nahIM hai to heya samajhatA huA bhI vaha usakA sevana karegA, kintu jaba taka jaina siddhAMtoM para usakA vizvAsa akSuNNa hai taba taka use jaina hI kahA jAyegA. tyAga kA sarvotkRSTa rUpa tIna karaNa tIna yoga se hai. arthAt jahA~ sAdhaka yaha nizcaya karatA hai ki maiM kisI sAvadya pravRtti ko mana, vacana aura kAyA se na svayaM karUMgA, na svayaM karAU~gA, aura na karane vAle kA anumodana karUMgA. isa prakAra kA tyAga sAdhu kA hI hotA hai kyoMki vaha sAMsArika uttaradAyitva ko chor3akara ekAnta Atmacintana meM lIna rahane lagatA hai. parivAra yA samAja se kisI prakAra kA laukika sambandha nahIM rakhatA, zrAvaka kA tyAga nimna koTi kA hotA hai. bahuta se kArya vaha apane hAtha se nahIM karatA kintu dUsare se karAne kI chUTa rakhatA hai. bahuta se aise haiM jo na karatA karAtA hai| kintu unake anumodana kA tyAga nahIM karatA. tyAga kI ina koTiyoM ko lakSya meM rakha kara zAstra meM 46 bhaMga kiye gaye haiM. sabase sthUla tyAga hai eka karaNa eka yoga arthAt apane hAtha se svayaM na karanA. isI prakAra eka karaNa do yoga, eka karaNa tIna yoga, do karaNa eka yoga Adi bhaMga batAye gaye haiM. zrAvaka prAyaH do karaNa tIna yoga se tyAga karatA hai arthAt mana vacana aura kAyA se svayaM nahIM karatA tathA dUsare se nahIM karAtA, use anumodana karane kA parityAga nahIM hotA. zrAvaka apane prathama araNuvrata meM yaha nizcaya karatA hai ki maiM niraparAdha trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA nahIM karU~gA arthAt unheM jAna-bUjha kara nahIM mArUMgA. isa vrata ke pA~ca aticAra haiM jinakI tatkAlIna zrAvaka ke jIvana meM sambhAvanA banI rahatI thI ve isa prakAra haiM 1. bandha - pazu tathA naukara cAkara Adi AzritajanoM ko kaSTadAyI bandhana meM rakhanA yaha bandhana zArIrika, Arthika, sAmAjika Adi aneka prakAra kA ho sakatA hai. 2. vadha -- unheM burI taraha pITanA 3. chabiccheda - unake hAtha, pAMva Adi aMgoM ko kATanA. 4. atibhAra- una para adhika bojha lAdanA naukaroM se adhika kAma lenA bhI atibhAra hai. 5. bhaktapAnaviccheda - unheM samaya para bhojana tathA pAnI na denA naukara ko samaya para vetana na denA jisase use tathA ghara vAloM ko kaSTa pahu~ce. satya vrata Jain Ed zrAvaka kA dUsarA vrata mRSAvAda - viramaNa arthAt asatyabhASaNa kA parityAga hai. umAsvAti ne isakI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki 'asadabhidhAnamanRtam' asadabhidhAna ke tIna artha haiM ( 1 ) asat arthAt jo bAta nahIM hai usakA kahanA. (2) bAta jaisI hai use vaisI na kaha kara dUsare rUpa meM kahanA, eka hI tathya ko aise rUpa meM bhI upasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai jisase sAmane vAle para acchA prabhAva par3e. usI ko bigAr3a kara rakkhA jA sakatA hai jisase sAmane vAlA nArAja ho jAya. satyavAdI kA karttavya hai ki vastu ko vAstavika rUpa meM rakhe, use banAne yA bigAr3ane kA prayatna na kare. (3) isakA tIsarA artha hai akha-burAI yA durbhAvanA ko lekara kisI se kahanA. yaha malkin 757ary.org SASONENEISANN2828ESINONEINNNNNNN
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________________ -0--0--0--0---0-0--0-0 506 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya durbhAvanA do prakAra kI hai (1) svArthasiddhi-mUlaka arthAt apanA svArtha siddha karane ke liye dUsare ko galata bAta batAnA. (2) dveSamUlaka-dUsare ko hAni pahu~cAne kI bhAvanA. isa vrata kA mukhya sambandha bhASaNa ke sAtha hai; kintu durbhAvanA se prerita mAnasika cintana tathA kAyika vyApAra bhI isameM A jAte haiM. satya kI zreSThatA ke viSaya meM upaniSad meM kahA hai-'satyameva jayate nAnRtaM' arthAt satya kI jIta hotI hai, jhUTha kI nahIM. dUsarA vAkya jaina-zAstroM meM milatA hai-'saccaM logammi sArabhUyaM'-arthAt satya hI duniyA meM sArabhUta hai. ina donoM meM bheda batAte hue kAkA kAlelakara ne likhA hai ki prathama vAkya meM hiMsA milI huI hai, jIta meM hArane vAle kI hiMsA chipI huI hai. ahiMsaka mArga to vaha hai jahA~ zatru aura mitra donoM kI jIta hotI hai, hAra kisI kI nahIM hotI. dUsarA vAkya yaha batAtA hai ki satya hI vizva kA sAra hai, usI para duniyA TikI huI hai. jisa prakAra ganne kA mUlya usake sAra arthAta rasa para Azrita hai isI prakAra jIvana kA mUlya satya para AdhArita hai. yahA~ jIta aura hAra kA prazna nahIM hai. upaniSadoM meM satya ko Izvara kA rUpa batAyA gayA hai aura use lakSya meM rakha kara abhaya arthAt ahiMsA kA upadeza diyA gayA hai. jaina-dharma AcArapradhAna hai ataH ahiMsA ko sAmane rakha kara usa para satya kI pratiSThA karatA hai. upaniSadoM meM vizva ke mUlatattvoM kI khoja arthAt darzanazAstra kI pradhAnatA hai. ataH vahAM satya ko AdhAra banAkara ahiMsA kA saMdeza diyA gayA hai. isI kA dUsarA nAma ekatA kA darzana yA abheda kA sAkSAtkAra hai, vahA~ bhedabuddhi hI hiMsA hai. zrAvaka apane satya-vrata meM sthUla-mRSAvAda kA tyAga karatA hai. una dinoM sthUla-mRSAvAda ke jo rUpa the, yahA~ unakI gaNanA kI gaI hai : 1. kanyAlIka-vaivAhika saMbandha ke samaya kanyA ke viSaya meM jhUThI bAteM kahanA. usakI Ayu, svAsthya, zikSA Adi ke viSaya meM dUsare ko dhokhA denA. isa asatya ke pariNAma svarUpa vara tathA kanyApakSa meM aisI kaTutA AjAtI hai ki kanyA kA jIvana dUbhara ho jAtA hai. 2. gavAlIka-gAya, bhaiMsa Adi pazuoM kA lena-dena karate samaya jhUTha bolanA. vartamAna samaya ko lakSya meM rakhakara kahA jAya to kraya-vikraya saMbandhI sArA jhUTha isameM AjAtA hai. 3. bhUmyalIka-bhUmi ke saMbandha meM jhUTha bolanA. 4. sthApanamRSA-kisI kI dharohara yA giravI rakhI huI vastu ke liye jhUTha bolanA. 1. kUTasAkSI-nyAyAlaya Adi meM jhUThI sAkSI denA. uparokta pAMcoM bAteM vyavahArazuddhi se saMbandha rakhatI haiM aura svastha samAja ke liye Avazyaka hai. isa vrata ke pA~ca ati cAra nimnalikhita haiM: 1. sahasAbhyAkhyAna-vinA vicAre kisI para jhUThA Aropa lagAnA. 2. rahasyAbhyAkhyAna-rAga meM Akara vinoda ke liye kisI pati-patnI athavA anya snehiyoM ko alaga kara denA, kiMvA kisI ke sAmane dUsare para doSAropaNa karanA. 3. svadAramantrabheda-Apasa meM prIti TUTa jAya, isa khyAla ne eka-dUsare kI cugalI khAnA yA kisI kI gupta bAta ko prakaTa kara denA. 5. mithyopadeza-saccA-jhUThA samajhA kara kisI ko ulTe rAste DAlanA. 5. kUTa lekhakriyA-mohara, hastAkSara Adi dvArA jhUThI likhA-par3hI karanA tathA khoTA sikkA calAnA Adi. tattvArthasUtra meM sahasAbhyAkhyAna ke sthAna para nyAsApahAra hai, isakA artha hai kisI kI dharohara rakha kara iMkAra kara jAnA. Jain Edus
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________________ Jain Edu DA0 indracandra zAstrI : zrAvakadharma : 507 pracIyaM prata zrAvaka kA tIsarA vrata acaurya hai. vaha sthUla corI kA tyAga karatA hai. isake nIce likhe rUpa haiM : dUsare ke ghara meM seMdha lagAnA, tAlA tor3anA yA apanI cAbhI lagA kara kholanA, vinA pUche dUsare kI gAMTha khola kara cIja nikAlanA, yAtriyoM ko lUTanA athavA DAke mAranA. isa vrata ke pAMca aticAra nIce likhe anusAra haiM : 1. stenAhRta -cora ke dvArA lAI gaI corI kI vastu kharIdanA yA ghara meM rakhanA. 2. taskaraprayoga - AdamI rakha kara corI, DakaitI, ThagI Adi karAnA. 3. virudvarAjyAtikrama -- bhinna-bhinna rAjya vastuoM ke AyAta-niryAta para kucha bandhana lagA dete haiM athavA una para kara Adi kI vyavasthA kara dete haiM. rAjya ke aise niyamoM kA ullaMghana karanA viruddha rAjyAtikrama hai. 4. kUTatulA kUTamAna- -nApa tathA tola meM beImAnI karanA. 2. tatpratirUpaka vyavahAra-vastu meM milAvaTa karanA yA acchI vastu dikhA kara burI vastu denA. satya tathA acaurya vrata ke aticAroM kA vyApAra tathA vyavahAra meM kitanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai, yaha batAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM. svadArasantoSa vrata zrAvaka kA cauthA vrata brahmacarya hai. isameM vaha parAyI strI ke sAtha sahavAsa kA parityAga karatA hai aura apanI strI ke sAtha usakI maryAdA sthira karatA hai. yaha vrata sAmAjika sadAcAra kA mUla hai aura vaiyaktika vikAsa ke liye bhI atyAvazyaka hai. isake pA~ca aticAra nimna haiM: 1. icate parigrahItAgamana - aisI strI ke sAtha sahavAsa karanA jo kucha samaya ke liye grahaNa kI gaI ho. bhAratIya saMskRti meM vivAha saMbandha samasta jIvana ke liye hotA hai. aisI strI bhoga aura tyAga donoM meM sahayoga detI hai jaisA ki AnandAdika zrAvakoM kI patniyoM ke jIvana se siddha hotA hai. isake viparIta, jo strI kucha samaya ke liye apanAI jAtI hai vaha bhoga ke liye hotI hai, vaha jIvana ke utthAna meM sahAyaka nahIM ho sakatI. zrAvaka ko aisI strI se gamana nahIM karanA cAhie. 2. aparigRhItanamana vaMzyA Adi ke sAtha sahavAsa 3. granaMgakrIr3A --- aprAkRtika maithuna arthAt sahavAsa ke prAkRtika aMgoM ko chor3akara anya aMgoM se sahavAsa karanA. 4. paravivAhakaraNa -- dUsaroM kA paraspara saMbandha karAnA. 5. kAmabhogatIvAbhilASa--viSaya bhoga tathA kAma-krIr3A meM tIvra Asakti. paravivAhakaraNa aticAra hone para bhI zrAvaka ke liye usakI maryAdA nizcita hai. apanI santAna tathA Azrita janoM kA vivAha karanA usakA uttaradAyitva hai. isI prakAra pazudhana rakhane vAle ko gAya, bhaiMsa Adi pazuoM kA saMbandha bhI karAnA par3atA hai, zrAvaka ko isakI chUTa hai. aparigraha parimANa - vrata isakA artha hai zrAvaka ko apanI dhana-sampatti kI maryAdA nizcita karanI cAhie aura usase adhika sampatti na rakhanI cAhie. sampatti hamAre jIvana nirvAha kA eka sAdhana hai. sAdhana vahIM taka upAdeya hotA hai jahA~ taka vaha apane sAdhya kI pUrti karatA hai. saMpatti sukha ke sthAna para dukhoM kA kAraNa bana jAtI hai aura Atma-vikAsa ko rokatI hai ataH heya hai. isI se ary.org
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________________ 508 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-prantha : dvitIya adhyAya lie sAdhu sampatti kA sarvathA tyAga karatA hai aura bhikSA para jIvana nirvAha karatA hai. sAdhu vastra--Adi upakaraNoM kI taraha apane zarIra ke prati bhI mamatva nahIM karatA. zrAvaka bhI usI lakSya ko Adarza mAnatA hai kintu laukika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke liye maryAdita sampatti rakhatA hai. Aja mAnava bhautika vikAsa ko apanA lakSya mAna rahA hai. vaha 'sva' ke liye sampatti ke sthAna para sampatti ke liye 'sva' ko mAnane lagA hai. bhautika AkAMkSAoM kI pUrti ke liye samasta AdhyAtmika guNoM ko tilAMjali de rahA hai. pariNAma-svarUpa tathAkathita vikAsa vibhISikA bana gayA hai. parigraha parimANa vrata isa bAta kI ora saMketa karatA hai ki jIvana kA lakSya bAhya sampatti nahIM hai. isa vrata kA mahattva eka anya dRSTi se bhI hai. saMsAra meM sonA, cAMdI, bhUmi, anna, vastrAdi sampatti kitanI bhI ho, para vaha aparimita nahIM hai. yadi eka vyakti usakA adhika saMcaya karatA hai to dUsare ke sAtha saMgharSa honA anivArya hai. isI AdhAra para rAjAoM aura pUMjIpatiyoM meM paraspara cirakAla se saMgharSa cale A rahe haiM, jinakA bhayaMkara pariNAma sAdhAraNa janatA bhugatatI A rahI hai. vartamAna yuga meM rAjAoM aura vyApAriyoM ne apane-apane saMgaThana banA liye haiM aura una saMgaThanoM meM paraspara pratidvandvitA calatI rahatI hai. yaha saba anargala lAlasA aura sampatti para kisI prakAra kI maryAdA na rakhane kA pariNAma hai. isI asantoSa kI pratikriyA ke rUpa meM rUsa ne rAjya-krAnti kI aura sampatti para vaiyaktika adhikAra ko samApta kara diyA. dUsarI ora bhUpatiyoM kI sattA-lAlasA aura pariNAmasvarUpa hone vAle bhayaMkara yuddhoM ko rokane vAle lokatantrI zAsana-paddhati prayoga meM lAI gaI. phira bhI samasyAeM nahIM sulajhI. jaba taka vyakti nahIM sudharatA, saMgaThanoM se apekSita lAbha nahIM mila sakatA. kyoMki saMgaThana vyaktiyoM ke samUha kA hI nAma hai. parigrahaparimANa vrata vaiyaktika jIvana para svecchA se aMkuza rakhane ke liye kahatA hai. isameM nIce likhe nau prakAra ke parigraha kI maryAdA kA vidhAna hai : 1. kSetra-(kheta) arthAt upajAU bhUmi kI maryAdA. 2. vastu-makAna Adi. 3. hiraNya-cAMdI. 4. suvarNa-sonA. 5. dvipada-dAsa, dAsI. 6. catuSpada-gAya, bhaisa ghor3e Adi pazudhana. 7. dhana-rupaye paise sikke yA noTa Adi. 8. dhAnya-anna, gehU~, cAvala Adi khAdya-sampati. 6. kupya yA gopya-tAMbA, pItala Adi anya dhAtueM. kahIM kahIM hiraNya meM suvarNa ke atirikta zeSa saba dhAtueM grahaNa kI gaI haiM aura kupya yA gopya dhana kA artha kiyA hai hIre, mANikya, motI ratna Adi. isa vrata ke aticAroM meM prathama ATha ko do-do kI jor3I meM ikTThA kara diyA gayA hai aura naveM ko alaga liyA gayA hai, isa prakAra nIce likhe pAMca aticAra batAye gaye haiM : 1. kSetra-vAstu parimANAtikrama. 2. hiraNya-suvarNa parimANAtikrama. 3. dvipada-catuSpadaparimANAtikrama. 4. dhana-dhAnyaparimANAtikrama. 1. kupyaparimANAtikrama. OMWants -CR4 ___Jain EduTE membrary.org
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________________ DA0 indracandra zAstrI : zrAvakadharma : 50 dizA-parimANa vrata pAMcaveM vrata meM sampatti kI maryAdA sthira kI gaI. chaThe dizAparimANa vrata meM pravRttiyoM kA kSetra sImita kiyA jAtA hai. zrAvaka yaha nizcaya karatA hai ki Upara nIce evaM cAroM dizAoM meM nizcita sImA se Age bar3hakara maiM koI svArthamUlaka pravRtti nahIM karUMgA. sAdhu ke liye kSetra kI maryAdA kA vidhAna nahIM hai kyoMki usakI koI pravRtti hiMsAtmaka yA svArthamUlaka nahIM hotI. vaha kisI ko kaSTa nahIM pahuMcAtA pratyuta dharma pracArArthaM hI ghUmatA hai. vihAra arthAt dharma-pracAra ke liye ghUmate rahanA usakI sAvanA kA Avazyaka aMga hai kintu zrAvaka kI pravRttiyAM hiMsAtmaka bhI hotI haiM ataH unakI maryAdA sthira karanA Avazyaka hai. vibhinna rAjyoM meM hone vAle saMgharSo ko rakhakara vicAra kiyA jAya to isa vrata kA mahattva dhyAna meM A jAtA hai aura yaha pratIta hone lagatA hai ki vartamAna yuga meM bhI isa kA kitanA mahattva hai. yadi vibhinna rAjya apanI-apanI rAjanItika evaM Arthika sImAeM nizcata karaleM to bahuta se saMgharSa ruka jAeM. bIjavAharalAla neharU ne rASTroM meM paraspara vyavahAra ke liye paMcazIla ke rUpa meM jo AcAra saMhitA banAI thI usameM isa siddhAnta ko pramukha sthAna diyA hai ki koI rAjya dUsare rAjya meM hastakSepa nahIM karegA. isa vrata ke pAMca aticAra nimnalikhita haiM : 1. Urdhva dizA meM maryAdA kA atikramaNa. 2. adho dizA meM maryAdA kA atikramaNa. 3. tirachI dizA arthAt pUrva, pazcima, uttara aura dakSiNa meM maryAdA kA atikramaNa. arthAt asAvadhAnI yA bhUla meM maryAdA ke kSetra ko bar3hA lenA. 4. kSetra 5. smRti - antardhAna-maryAdA kA smaraNa na rakhanA. upabhogaparibhoga- parimANa-vrata sAtaveM vrata meM vaiyaktika AvazyakatAoM para niyaMtraNa kiyA gayA hai. upabhoga kA artha hai bhojana - pAnI Adi vastueM jo aneka bAra kAma meM lAI jA sakatI haiM. upabhoga aura paribhoga zabdoM kA uparokta artha bhagavatI zataka 7 uddezA 2 meM tathA haribhadIyAvazyaka adhyayana 6 sUtra 7 meM kiyA gayA hai. upAsakadazAMga sUtra kI abhayadeva TIkA meM uparokta artha ke sAtha viparIta artha bhI diyA gayA hai arthAt eka bAra kAma meM Ane vAlI vastu ko paribhoga tathA bAra-bAra kAma meM Ane vAlI vastu ko upabhoga batAyA gayA hai. isa vrata meM do dRSTiyAM rakhI gaI haiM--bhoga aura karma. bhoga kI dRSTi ko lakSya meM rakhakara 26 bAteM ginAI gaI haiM jinakI maryAdA sthira karanA zrAvaka ke liye Avazyaka hai, unameM bhojana, snAna, vilepana, dantadhAvana, vastra Adi samasta vastueM A gaI haiM. isa se jJAta hotA hai ki zrAvaka ke jIvana meM kisa prakAra kA anuzAsana thA, kisa prakAra vaha apane jIvana ko santoSamaya aura sAdA banAtA hai. unameM snAna tathA dantadhAvana Adi kA spaSTa ullekha hai. ataH jainiyoM para gande rahane kA jo Aropa lagAyA jAtA hai vaha mithyA hai, apane Alasya yA aviveka ke kAraNa koI bhI gandA raha sakatA hai - vaha jaina ho yA ajaina, usake liye dharma ko doSa denA ucita nahIM hai. dUsarI dRSTi karma kI apekSA se hai. zrAvaka ko aisI AjIvikA nahIM karanI cAhie jisameM adhika hiMsA ho, jaise- koyale banAnA, jaMgala sApha karanA, baila Adi ko nAthanA yA khassI karanA Adi usako aise dhandhe bhI nahIM karanA cAhie jinase aparAdha yA durAcAra kI vRddhi ho, jaise--durAcAriNI striyoM ko niyukta karake vaizyAvRtti karAnA, cora, DAkuoM ko sahAyatA denA Adi. isake liye 15 karmAdAna ginAe gae haiM. uparokta 26 bAtoM tathA 15 karmAdAnoM ko vistRta rUpa meM jAnane ke liye upAsakadazAMga sUtra kA prathama Ananda adhyayana dekhanA cAhie. S S
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________________ 110 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya anarthadaNDa viramaNa-vrata pA~caveM vrata meM sampatti kI maryAdA kI gaI aura chaThe meM sampatti yA svArthamUlaka pravRttiyoM kI. sAtaveM meM pratidina vyavahAra meM AnevAlI bhogyasAmagrI para niyaMtraNa kiyA gayA. AThaveM meM vaiyaktika halacala yA zArIrika ceSTAoM para anuzAsana hai. zrAvaka ke liye vyartha kI bAteM karanA, zekhI mAranA, niSprayojana pravRtti karanA varjita hai. isI prakAra use apanI gharelu vastueM vyavasthita rakhanI cAhie. aisA koI kArya nahIM karanA cAhie jisase lAbha kucha bhI na ho aura dUsare ko kaSTa pahu~ce / anarthadaNDa arthAt niSprayojana hiMsA ke cAra rUpa batAye gaye haiM : 1. apadhyAnAcarita-citA yA krUra vicAroM ke kAraNa hone vAlI hiMsA. dhana sampatti kA nAza, putra-strI Adi priyajana kA viyoga Adi kAraNoM se manuSya ko cintAyeM hotI rahatI haiM kintu unase lAbha kucha bhI nahIM varan apanI hI AtmA nirbala hotI hai. isI prakAra krUra yA dveSapUrNa vicAra rakhane se bhI koI lAbha nahIM hotA aise vicAroM ko apadhyAnAcarita anarthadaNDa kahA gayA hai. 2. pramAdAcarita-Alasya yA asAvadhAnI ke kAraNa hone vAlI hiMsA. ghI, tela tathA pAnI vAlI khAdya vastuoM ko vinA hu~ke rakhanA tathA anya prakAra kI asAvadhAnI isa zreNI meM A jAtI hai. yadi koI vyakti sar3aka para calate samaya, yAtrA karate samaya yA anya vyavahAra meM dUsare kA dhyAna nahIM rakhatA aura aisI ceSTAeM karatA hai jisase dUsare ko kaSTa pahuMce to yaha saba pramAdAcarita hai / 3. hiMsrapradAna--dUsare vyakti ko zikAra khelane Adi ke liye zastrAstra denA jisase vyartha hI hiMsA ke prati nimitta bananA par3e. hiMsAtmaka kAryoM ke liye Arthika yA anya prakAra kI sabhI sahAyatA isameM A jAtI haiM. 4. pApakarmopadeza-kisI manuSya yA pazu ko mArane, pITane yA taMga karane ke liye dUsaroM ko ubhAranA. bahudhA dekhA gayA hai ki bAlaka vinA kisI dveSa-buddhi ke kisI bhikhamaMge, yA ghAyala-pazu ko taMga karane lagate haiM aura pAsa meM khar3e dUsare manuSya tamAzA dekhane ke liye unheM ukasAte haiM yaha saba pApakarmopadeza hai. isI prakAra corI, DakaitI, vezyAvRtti Adi ke liye dUsaroM ko prerita karanA, va aisI salAha denI bhI isI ke antargata hai. isa vrata ke pA~ca aticAra nimnalikhita haiM : 1. kadaMrpa-kAmottejaka cepAyeM yA bAteM karanA, 2. kautkucya-bhAMDoM ke samAna hAtha, paira paTakAnA tathA nAka muMha A~kha Adi se vikRta ceSTAyeM karanA. 3. maukharya-mukha ra arthAt vAcAla bananA. bar3ha-bar3ha kara bAteM karanA aura apanI zekhI mAranA. 4. saMyuktAdhikaraNa-hathiyAroM evaM hiMsaka sAdhanoM kI AvazyakatA ke vinA hI jor3a kara rakhanA. 5. upabhogaparibhogAtireka-bhogya sAmagrI ko AvazyakatA se adhika bar3hAnA. vaibhava pradarzana ke liye makAna, kapar3e, pharnicara Adi kA AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha karanA Adi isa aticAra ke antargata haiM. isase dUsaroM meM IrSyA vRtti utpanna hotI hai aura apanA jIvana unhIM kI vyavasthA meM ulajha jAtA hai. sAmAyika-vrata chaThe, sAtaveM aura AThaveM vrata meM vyakti kI bAhya ceSTAoM para niyaMtraNa batAyA gayA. naveM se lekara bAraveM taka cAra vrata Antarika anuzAsana yA zuddhi ke liye haiM. inakA anuSThAna sAdhanA ke rUpa meM alpa samaya ke liye kiyA jAtA hai. jisa prakAra vaidika paramparA meM saMdhyA-vaMdana tathA musalamAnoM meM namAja dainika kRtya ke rUpa meM vihita haiM, usI prakAra jaina-paramparA meM sAmAyika aura pratikramaNa haiM. sAmAyika kA artha hai jIvana meM samatA ko utArane kA abhyAsa. sAdhu kA sArA jIvana sAmAyika rUpa hotA hai arthAt usakA pratyeka kArya samatA kA anuSThAna hai. zrAvaka pratidina kucha samaya ke C www.atelibrary.org
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________________ Jain DA0 indracandra zAstrI : zrAvakadharma : 511 liye usakA anuSThAna karatA hai. samatA kA artha 'sva' aura 'para' meM samAnatA jainadharma kA kathana hai ki jisa prakAra hama sukha cAhate haiM aura duHkha se ghabarAte haiM, usI prakAra pratyeka prANI cAhatA hai. hameM dUsare ke sAtha vyavahAra karate samaya usake sthAna para apane ko rakhakara socanA cAhie, usake kaSToM ko apanA kaSTa, usake sukha ko apanA sukha mAnanA cAhie. samatA ke isa siddhAnta para vizvAsa rakhane vAlA vyakti kisI kI hiMsA nahIM karegA. kisI ko kaThora zabda nahIM kahegA aura na mana meM kisI kA burA socegA. pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki vyavahAra meM samatA kA artha hai ahiMsA jo jainazAstra kA prANa hai. vicAroM meM samatA kA artha hai syAdvAda, jo jainadarzana kI AdhArazilA hai. pratikramaNa kA artha hai vApisa lauTanA. sAdhaka apane pichale kRtyoM kI ora loTatA hai. unake bhale-bure para vicAra karatA hai, bhUloM ke liye pazcAttApa karatA hai aura bhaviSya meM unase bace rahane kA nizcaya karatA hai. zrAvaka aura sAdhu donoM ke liye pratikramaNa kA vidhAna hai. isakA dUsarA nAma Avazyaka hai arthAt yaha eka Avazyaka dainika karttavya hai. zrAvaka ke vratoM meM sAmAyika kA navAM sthAna hai kintu Atmazuddhi ke liye vidhAna kiye gae cAra vratoM meM isakA pahalA sthAna hai. isake pAMca aticAra nimnalikhita haiM : 1. manoduSpraNidhAna - mana meM bure vicAra AnA. 2. vacanaduSpraNidhAna - vacana kA durupayoga, kaThora yA asatya bhASaNa. 2. kAyaSyavAna zarIra kI pravRtti 4- smRtyakaraNa - sAmAyika ko bhUla jAnA arthAt samaya Ane para na karanA. 5. anavasthitatA - sAmAyika ko asthira hokara yA zIghratA meM karanA nizcita vidhi ke anusAra na karanA. isa vrata meM zrAvaka yathAzakti dina-rAta yA alpa samaya ke liye dharma ke liye sAdhu ke samAna caryA kA pAlana karatA hai. sAmAyika prAyaH do ghar3I ke liye kI jAtI hai aura sArA samaya dhArmika anuSThAna meM lagAyA jAtA hai. khAnA pInA, nIMda lenA Adi varjita haiM kintu isa vrata meM bhojana Adi varjita nahIM hai kintu unameM ahiMsA kA pAlana Avazyaka hai. isa vrata ko dezAvakAza kahA jAtA hai. arthAt isameM sAdhaka nizcita kAla ke liye deza yA kSetra kI maryAdA karatA hai, usake bAhara kisI prakAra kI pravRtti nahIM karatA. dezAvakAzika vrata zrAvaka ke liye caudaha niyamoM kA vidhAna hai arthAt use pratidina apane bhojana, pAna tathA anya pravRttiyoM ke viSaya meM maryAdA nizcita karanA cAhie. isase jIvana meM anuzAsana tathA dRr3hatA AtI hai. ve nimnalikhita hai : 1. sacitta- pratidina anna, phala, pAnI Adi ke rUpa meM jina sacitta arthAt jIvasahita vastuoM kA sevana kiyA jAtA hai unakI maryAdA nizcita karanA. yaha maryAdA saMkhyA, tola evaM vAra ke rUpa meM kI jAtI haiM. 2. dravya - khAne, pIne sambandhI vastuoM kI maryAdA, udAharaNa ke rUpa meM bhojana ke samaya amuka saMkhyA se adhika bhojana nahIM grahaNa karUMgA. 3. vigaya ghI, tela, dUdha, dahI, gur3a aura pakvAnna kI maryAdA. 4. paraNI 5. tAmbUla pAna, supArI, ilAyacI, cUrNa, khaTAI Adi kI maryAdA. 6. vastra- -pratidina vastroM ke pahanane kI maryAdA. 7. kusuma - phUla, itra Adi sugandhita padArthoM kI maryAdA. 8. vAhana savArI kI maryAdA. 6. zayana zaiyyA evaM sthAna kI maryAdA. upAnahaM (jUte, moje bar3A Adi paira meM pahanI jAne vAlI vastuoM) kI maryAdA. WATC Mun Sampus elibrary.org
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________________ 212 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti grantha : dvitIya adhyAya 10. vilepana kesara, candana, tela Adi lepa kiye jAne vAle dravyoM kI maryAdA. 11. brahmacarya -maithuna sevana kI maryAdA. 12. dizi Upara, nIce tathA cAroM dizAoM meM yAtAyAta tathA anya pravRttiyoM kI maryAdA. 13. snAna snAnoM kI saMkhyA tathA jala kI maryAdA. 14. bhakta- -cAra prakAra ke AhAra kI maryAdA. isa vrata ke nimnalikhita pAMca aticAra haiM : 1. zrAnayanaprayoga -- maryAdita kSetra se bAhara kI vastu maMgAne ke liye kisI ko bhejanA. 2. preSyaprayoga - naukara cAkara Adi ko bhejanA. 7 3. zabdAnupAta - kisI prakAra ke zAbdika saMketa dvArA bAhara kI vastu maMgAnA. 4. rUpAnupAta - hAtha Adi kA izArA karanA, 5. pudagalaprakSepa - kaMkara, patthara Adi pheMka kara kisI kA dhyAna apanI ora AkRSTa karanA. pauSadhopavAsa vrata 'pauSadha' zabda saMskRta ke upavaSatha zabda se banA hai. isakA artha hai dharmAcArya ke samIpa yA dharmasthAna meM rahanA upavaSatha arthAt dharma sthAna meM nivAsa karate hue upavAsa karanA pauSadhopavAsa vrata hai. yaha dina-rAta arthAt ATha praharoM kA hotA hai aura aSTamI, caturdazI Adi parva tithiyoM para kiyA jAtA hai. isa vrata meM nIce likhA tyAga kiyA jAtA : 1. bhojana, pAnI Adi cAroM prakAra ke AhAroM kA tyAga. 2. abrahmacarya kA tyAga. 3. AbhUSaNoM kA tyAga. 4. mAlA, tela Adi sugaMdhita dravyoM kA tyAga. 5. samasta sAvadha arthAt doSapUrNa pravRttiyoM kA tyAga. isake pAMca aticAra nivAsa sthAna kI dekharekha evaM prabhArjana ke sAtha saMbaMdha rakhate haiM. atithisaMvibhAga vrata saMvibhAga kA artha hai apanI sampatti evaM bhogya vastuoM meM vibhAjana karanA arthAt dUsare ko denA atithi ke liye kiyA jAne vAlA vibhAjana atithi saMvibhAga hai. vaidika paramparA meM bhI atithisevA gRhastha ke pradhAna karttavyoM meM ginI gaI hai kintu jaina paramparA meM atithi zabda kA viziSTa artha hai. yahA~ nirdoSa jIvana vyatIta karane vAle sAdhuoM ko hI atithi mAnA gayA hai. unheM bhojana, pAnI vastra Adi denA atithi saMvibhAga vrata hai. isake nIce likhe pAMca aticAra haiM : 3. sacittAvidhAna - sAdhu ke grahaNa karane yogya nirdoSa AhAra meM koI sacitta vastu milA denA jisase vaha grahaNa na kara sake. 2. sacittapidhAna - dene yogya vastu ko sacitta vastu se DhaMkanA. 3. kAlAtikrama - bhojana kA samaya vyatIta hone para nimaMtrita karanA. 4. paravyapadezana dene kI bhAvanA se apanI vastu ko parAyI batAnA. 5. mAtsarya -- mana meM IrSyA yA durbhAvanA rakhakara dAna denA. jainadharma meM dAna ke do rUpa haiM--anukampAdAna aura supAtra dAna. anukampA samyaktva kA aMga hai. isakA artha hai pratyeka Jain Education Inn Gy.org
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________________ DA0 indracandra zAstrI : zrAvakadharma : 13 dukhI yA abhAvagrasta ko dekha kara usake prati karuNA yA sahAnubhUti pragaTa karanA aura usake dukha ko dUra karane ke liye yathAzakti sahAyatA denA. isase AtmA meM udAratA, maitrI Adi sadguNoM kI vRddhi hotI hai. sAdhu-sAdhvI ko diyA jAne vAlA dAna supAtra dAna kahalAtA hai. gyAraha pratimAyeM lambe samaya taka vratoM kA pAlana karatA huA zrAvaka pUrNa tyAga kI ora agrasara hotA hai. utsAha bar3hane para eka dina kuTumba kA uttaradAyitva santAna ko sauMpa detA hai aura pauSadhazAlA meM jAkara sArA samaya dharmAnuSThAna meM bitAne lagatA hai. usa samaya vaha uttarottara sAdhutA kI ora bar3hatA hai. kucha dinoM taka apane ghara se bhojana maMgAnA hai aura phira usakA bhI tyAga karake bhikSA para nirvAha karane lagatA hai, ina vratoM ko gyAraha pratimAoM ke rUpa meM pragaTa kiyA gayA hai. pratimA zabda kA artha hai sAdRzya. jaba zrAvaka sAdhu ke sadRza hone ke liye prayatnazIla hotA hai to usakA AcAra, pratimA kahA jAtA hai. ina kI vistRta carcA ke liye upAsakadAMza sUtra kA AnaMda adhyana dekhanA cAhie. -----------0-0--0-0-0 saMlekhanA-vrata zramaNa paramparA jIvana ko apane Apa meM lakSya nahIM mAnatI. usakA kathana hai ki sAdhanA kA lakSya AtmA kA vikAsa hai aura jIvana usakA sAdhana mAtra hai. jisa dina yaha pratIta hone lage ki zarIra zithila ho gayA hai, vaha dharma sAdhanA meM sahAyaka hone ke sthAna para vighna-bAdhAeM upasthita karane lagA hai to usa samaya yaha ucita hai ki usakA parityAga kara de. isI parityAga ko aMtima saMlekhanA vrata kahA hai. isameM zrAvaka yA sAdhu AhAra kA parityAga karake dharmaciMtana meM lIna ho jAtA hai, na jIvana kI AkAMkSA karatA hai, na mRtyu kI, na yaza kI, na aihika yA pAralaukika sukhoM kI. dhana, sampatti, parivAra, zarIra Adi sabase anAsakta ho jAtA hai. isa prakAra AyuSya pUrA hone para zAnti tathA sthiratA ke sAtha deha kA parityAga karatA hai. isa vrata ko Atma-hatyA samajhanA bhUla hai. vyakti Atma-hatyA taba karatA hai jaba kisI kAmanA ko pUrA nahIM kara pAtA aura vaha itanI balavatI ho jAtI hai ki usakI pUrti ke binA jIvana bojha jAna par3atA hai aura usa bojha ko utAre vinA zAMti asambhava pratIta hotI hai. Atma-hatyA kA dUsarA kAraNa utkaTa vedanA yA mArmika AghAta hotA hai. donoM paristhitiyAM vyakti kI nirbalatA ko pragaTa karatI hai. isake viparIta saMlekhanA tyAga kI utkaTatA tathA hRdaya kI parama dRr3hatA ko pragaTa karatI hai. jahA~ vyakti vinA kisI kAmanA ke zAntipUrvaka apane Apa jIvana kA utsarga karatA hai. Atma-hatyA nirAzA tathA vivazatA kI parAkASThA hai, saMlekhanA vIratA kA vaha udAtta rUpa hai jahAM eka sipAhI haMsate-haMsate prANoM kA utsarga kara detA hai. sipAhI meM Aveza rahatA hai kintu saMlekhanA meM vaha bhI nahIM hotA. isa vrata ke pA~ca aticAra nimnalikhita haiM : 1. dhana, parivAra Adi isa loka sambandhI kisI vastu kI AkAMkSA karanA. 2. svarga sukha Adi paraloka se sambandha rakhane vAlI kisI bAta kI AkAMkSA karanA. 3. jIvana kI AkAMkSA karanA. 4. kaSToM se ghabarA kara zIghra marane kI AkAMkSA karanA. 5. atRpta kAmanAoM kI pUrti ke rUpa meM kAma-bhogoM kI AkAMkSA karanA. upasaMhAra saMlekhanA taka jina vratoM kA yahA~ pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai ve eka Adarza gRhastha kI caryA pragaTa karate haiM. upAsakadazAMga sUtra ke prathama adhyayana meM ina sabakA vistRta varNana hai. Jain Education Intemational