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________________ 10 janavarI 2011 jinavANI 294 zramaNa sUcaka pAribhASika zabda : dazavaikAlika niyukti ke Aloka meM zrImatI (DaoN.) hemalatA jaina ( lalavANI) 'zramaNa' zabda kI vividha vyAkhyAe~ haiM / lekhikA ne dazavaikAlika niyukti ke Aloka meM zrama, sama, zama, sumana ke AdhAra para zramaNa kI vyAkhyA karane ke sAtha zramaNa kI kriyAoM evaM upamAoM se bhI zramaNa ke vaiziSTya ko rekhAMkita kiyA hai| -sampAdaka jaina AgamoM ke vyAkhyA granthoM meM niyukti prAkRta padyabaddha racanA hai| niryukti sAhitya meM Agama ke kucha vizeSa pAribhASika zabdoM ko vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai| prAcInatA kI dRSTi se vyAkhyA -granthoM meM niyukti kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM dharma, darzana, vyAkaraNa, samAja, itihAsa Adi se jur3e viSayoM kA sundara nidarzana hai| niyukti kyA hai, isakA svarUpa kaisA hotA hai, isa sambandha meM kucha vizeSa bindu nimnAMkita haiM1. AcArya zIlAMka ke anusAra niyukti samyak artha kA nirNaya kara sUtra meM hI paraspara saMbaddha artha ko prakaTa karatI hai / ' 2. AcArya haribhadra ke anusAra kriyA, kAraka, bheda aura paryAyavAcI zabdoM dvArA zabda kI vyAkhyA karanA yA artha prakaTa karanA niryukti hai / ' 3. pratyeka zabda vividha arthadhAyaka hotA hai| kaunasA artha kisa prasaMga meM ghaTita hotA hai, ise niyukti meM nikSepa paddhati se vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai / yaha niyukti kI bhASAgata vizeSatA hai| 4. niryukti zabda kI kramika vyAkhyA karatI hai| sarvaprathama nikSepa - niryukti artha kA mAtra kathana karatI hai| tatpazcAt upodghAta-niryukti meM 26 prakAra se usa viSaya yA zabda kI mImAMsA hotI hai| phira sUtra - sparzikAniryukti sUtra ke zabda kI vyAkhyA prastuta karatI hai| Avazyaka niyukti meM AcArya bhadrabAhu dvArA dasa niryuktiyoM ke lipibaddha hone kA ullekha milatA hai| niryukti ke racanAkAra aura saMkhyA ke sambandha meM vidvAna eka mata nahIM haiN| dazavaikAlikaniryukti kA una dasa niryuktiyoM ke racanA - krama meM dvitIya sthAna hai / hastalikhita prati, cUrNi sAhitya aura TIkA sAhitya ina tIna srotoM se dazavaikAlika niryukti upalabdha hotI hai| yaha niryukti adhyayana, zramaNa, kAma, bhikSu Adi kucha vizeSa zabdoM kI maulika nirukti karatI hai| Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ 10 janavarI 2011 jinavANI 295 isa niyukti meM nAma-nikSepa se 'zramaNa' zabda kI vyAkhyA kara zramaNa ke bhAvoM kI sthitiyoM ke AdhAra para aura kriyAoM ke AdhAra para aneka upamAoM se upamita kara usakA vizada varNana kiyA gayA hai / prastuta lekha meM zramaNa kI una bhAva-sthitiyoM aura kriyAoM upamita upamAoM kA saMkalana kara saMyojana kiyA gayA hai, jo nimna prakAra hai 1. zrama ke AdhAra para - niryuktikAra kahate haiM sAmaNNa puvvagassa u nikkhevo hoi nAma nipphanno / ' isa para haribhadrasUri ne TIkA karate hue spaSTa kiyA hai ki zramaNa kA tAtparya hai zrama sahana karane vaalaa| zrama sahana karane kA bhAva zrAmaNya hai| dhairya rakhanA sAdhutva kA mUla kAraNa hai jisase vaha 'zramaNa' kahalAtA hai| 2. samAnatA ke AdhAra para - niryuktikAra kahate haiM hama na payaM dukkhaM, jANi ya emeva savva jIvANaM / na haNai na haNAveiya, sama maNaI teNa so samaNo / / ' jisa prakAra mujhe duHkha priya nahIM hai usI prakAra sabhI jIvoM ko vaha pratikUla lagatA hai, yaha jAnakara kisI bhI jIva ko mAratA na ho, anya se maravAtA na ho aura mArane vAle kA anumodana bhI na karatA ho, aisA sabhI ke prati samAnatA rakhane vAlA 'zramaNa' hai| 3. rAga-dveSa kA akartA niryuktikAra kahate haiM nathiyasi koi veso, pio va savvesu ceva jIvesu / eeNa hoi samaNo, eso anno'vi pjjaao|' jo kisI bhI veza vAle se tulya bhAva rakhatA hai arthAt sabhI ke sAtha samAna bhAva karatA hai, kisI para rAga aura kisI se bhI dveSa nahIM karatA hai vaha saralamanA 'zramaNa' kA hI dUsarA paryAya hai| 4. sumana vAlA niryuktikAra kahate haiM to samaNo jai sumaNo, bhaviNaya jaha na hoi pAvamaNo / sayaNe ya jaNeya samo, samoya mANAvamANesu // ' vaha bhI zramaNa hai jo sumana hai arthAt jisakA dravyamana aura bhAvamana donoM sarala ho, usake mana meM kisI prakAra kA pApa na ho, jo svajana evaM anyajana sabhI jIvoM se prema kare aura mAna-apamAna meM Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ 1296 jinavANI || 10 janavarI 2011 || ahaMkAra evaM dInatA kA bhAva na rakhakara sama bhAva se rhe| 5. kriyAoM ke AdhAra para- zramaNa dvArA kI gaI kriyAoM ke AdhAra para niyuktikAra kahate haiM pavvaie aNagAre, pAsaMDe caraga tAvase bhikkhuu| parivAI e ya samaNe, niggaMthe saMjae mutte| tinne tAI DhaviSTa, muNIya khaMte ya danta virae y| lUhe tIraDhe'viya havaMti samaNassa naamaaii|' arthAt vahI zramaNa nimnAMkita nAmoM se bhI abhihita hotA hai1. tApasa- tapa karane para tApasa kahalAtA hai| 2. bhikSu- bhikSA kA AcaraNa karane para athavA ATha karma kA bhedana karane ke lie udyata bhikSu saMjJA se abhihita hotA hai| 3. parivrAjaka- cAroM ora se pApa kI varjanA karane para parivrAjaka kahA jAtA hai| 4, zramaNa- zrama sahana karane para vaha zramaNa hai| 5. nirgrantha- bAhya aura Abhyantara parigraha granthi se nirgata hone para nirgrantha kahalAtA hai| 6. saMgrata- ahiMsAdi meM yatanA pUrvaka udyama karane para use saMyata kahate haiN| 7. mukta- bAhya aura Abhyantara granthi se mukta hone para mukta saMjJA vAlA hotA hai| 8. tIrNa- saMsAra samudra pAra karane vAlA hai isalie vaha tIrNa hai| 9. trAtA- dharmakathA Adi sunAkara jana sAmAnya ko duHkhoM se bacAtA hai, ataH trAtA hai| * 10. dravya-rAga-dveSa Adi bhAvoM se rahita hone ke kAraNa athavA jJAnAdi ko prApta karane ke kAraNa dravya 11. kSAnta- krodha ko jIta kara kSamA bhAva rakhane para vaha zAnta hotA hai| 12. dAnta- viSayoM meM apanI indriyoM kA damana karane para dAnta kahalAtA hai| 13. virata- prANAtipAta Adi pApoM se nivRtta rahane para virata kahA jAtA hai| 14. rukSa- sage-sambandhiyoM aura mitroM ke sneha kA tyAga karane ke kAraNa vaha rukSa hai| 15. tIrArthI- saMsAra sAgara ko pAra karane kI icchA vAlA athavA samyaktva Adi uttama guNoM ko prApta karane ke lie saMsAra kA parimANa (hada) bAMdhane vAlA vaha tIrArthI hai| 6. upamAoM ke AdhAra para- sAMpa, giri, sAgara, tarugaNa Adi aneka upamAoM se zramaNa kI tulanA karate hue niyuktikAra kahate haiM uraga giri jalaNa sAgara, nahayala tarUgaNa samoya jo hoii| amara-miga-dharaNi-jalaruha-ravi- pavaNasamo jao smnno|| Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ || 10 janavarI 2011 // jinavANI 297 visatiNi savAya vaMjulaM kaNiyA ruppala sameNa smnnennN| bhamaraM duru naDa kukkuDa adAga sameNa hoyavvaM / / ' 1. sAMpa kI upamA- sAMpa jisa taraha cUhe Adi ke dvArA khode gae biloM meM rahatA hai evaM eka dRSTi rakhakara calatA hai usI prakAra sAdhu dUsaroM ke dvArA banAe gae ghara meM rahatA hai aura rAga-dveSa se karma baMdhana hotA hai isakA dhyAna rakhakara samyak dRSTi se calatA hai| ataH zramaNa ko uraga (sAMpa) kI upamA dI gaI hai| 2. giri- parISaha Adi kI pavana ko sahana karane meM zramaNa giri ke samAna niSkampa hotA hai| 3. agni- agni meM jaise sUkhI ghAsa kitanI bhI DAlI jAe taba bhI usakI tRSNA samApta nahIM hotI hai vaise hI zramaNa sUtrajJAna aura artha jJAna kA sadA pipAsu hotA hai| agni ko kucha bhI diyA jAe arthAt usameM DAlA jAe to vaha sabhI ko grahaNa kara letI hai usI taraha sAdhu ko azanAdi meM svAdiSTa asvAdiSTa jo bhI milatA hai vaha binA rAga-dveSa use grahaNa kara letA hai| isa prakAra agni kI upamA zramaNa meM ghaTita hotI hai| 4. sAgara- zramaNa jJAnAdi ratnoM se sAgara ke tulya gambhIra hotA hai aura usI kI taraha apanI maryAdA kA ullaghaMna nahIM karatA hai| 5. AkAza- AkAza ko jisa prakAra kisI avalambana kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai usI taraha zramaNa nirAlambI hai| 6. vRkSa- vRkSa cAhe bAMsa kA ho athavA candana kA sabhI vRkSa pakSiyoM ke Azraya sthala hote haiM aura sabhI meM phUla hote haiM ThIka vaise hI zramaNa mokSArthI hotA hai aura prANimAtra kA Azraya rUpa evaM zatru-mitra meM samAna bhAva vAlA hotA hai| ataH zramaNa vRkSa samAna hai| 7. bhramara- eka jagaha se hI rasa pAna na karane vAle bhramara kI vRtti ke tulya zramaNa bhI eka hI sthAna se bhikSA grahaNa nahIM karatA hai| isalie use bhramara kI upamA se upamita kiyA gayA hai| 8. mRga- mRga saMsAra meM sadA zatru se DaratA hai usI taraha zramaNa saMsAra ke prapaJcoM se DaratA huA rahatA hai, ataH mRga kI upamA ghaTita hotI hai| 9. pRthivI- sabhI ke bhAra ko vahana karane vAlI isa dharatI (pRthivI) ke samAna zramaNa bhI parISahoM ko sahana karatA hai| ataH use pRthivI kI upamA dI gaI hai| 10. kamala- jisa prakAra kamala kIcar3a aura pAnI se U~cA uThA hotA hai aura unase saMzliSTa bhI nahIM rahatA hai usI prakAra zramaNa kAma-bhoga ke utpanna hone para unase dUrI banAe rakhatA hai| 11. sUrya- dharmAstikAya Adi loka kA svarUpa zramaNa apane jJAna prakAza se batAtA hai, ataH prakAzamAna hone se isameM sUrya kI upamA ghaTita hotI hai| Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ 298 jinavANI 10 janavarI 2011 || 12. pavana- pavana jaise apratibaddha hokara vicaraNa karatI hai vaise hI zramaNa rAga-dveSa se baddha na hokara vicaratA hai| 13. viSa- viSa meM sabhI rasoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| usake rasa kA koI anubhava nahIM karanA cAhatA hai| isI prakAra karma zramaNa ko bAMdhate nahIM hai| ataH zramaNa viSa tulya hai| 14. tRNa- tRNa kI taraha zramaNa mAna kA tyAga kara namravAna hotA hai| 15. karNikA puSpa- karNikA (kanera) zuci-azuci gaMdha nirapekSa hotA hai| ThIka usI prakAra zramaNa sugandhI (candanAdi lepa) se rahita hotA hai| 16. utpala- utpala (kamala) ke samAna zramaNa samyak cAritra se dhavala aura sugandhita hotA hai| 17. cUhA- jisa taraha cUhA billI ke Dara se maryAdita hokara calatA hai usI taraha zramaNa deza-kAla kI maryAdA se calatA hai| 18. naTa- naTa jaise strI ke phaMde meM nahIM phaMsatA hai aura eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para vicaraNa karatA hai vaise hI zramaNa striyoM ke baMdhana meM nahIM par3ate haiM aura yogya samaya tathA deza meM gamana karate haiN| 19. kukkuTa- murge ko khAne kI vastu bikhera kara dI jAne para vaha khAtA hai| zramaNa ko bhI unake bar3e sAdhu bhojana ko vibhAjita kara dete haiN| 'isa prakAra dazavakAlika niyukti meM AcArya bhadrabAhu ne cetana-acetana dravyoM kA grahaNa kara zramaNa zabda ko sarala aura sahaja zabdoM se spaSTa kiyA hai| sandarbha:1. sUtrakRtAMga TIkA pR. 2, Avazyaka TIkA pR. 28, draSTavyaH- tulasI prajJA, aprela-sitambara 1994 meM prakAzita ___ samaNI kusumaprajJA kA lekha-niyukti aura usake racanAkAraH eka vimarza / 2. Avazyaka haribhadrIya TIkA, pR. 363, draSTavyaH- tulasI prajJA, aprela-sitambara 1994 meM prakAzita samaNI kusumaprajJA kA lekha-niyukti aura usake racanAkAraH eka vimarza / 3. dazavakAlika niyukti gAthA saM. 152 4. dazavaikAlika niyukti gAthA saM. 154 5. dazavakAlika niyukti gAthA saM. 155 6. dazavaikAlika niyukti gAthA saM. 156 7. dazavaikAlika niyukti gAthA saM. 158 evaM 159 8. dazavaikAlika bhAga 2, mUlaniyukti bhASya sahita lekhaka- muni mANaka, gIradharalAla DuMgara seTha, zrI mohanalAla jaina zvetAbara jJAna bhaMDAra, gopIpurA-sUrata, gAthA 157 ke pazcAt pRSTha saM. 6 -lalavANI bhavana, navacaukiyA, jodhapura (rAja.) Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only