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________________ zramaNa-saMskRti kA yugapuruSa 'hiraNyagarbha' mahAmahopAdhyAya DaoN0 harIndrabhUSaNa jaina hiraNyagarbha kauna ? hiraNyagarbha zabda vaidika tathA jaina-vAGmaya meM samAnarUpa se upalabdha hotA hai,| donoM saMskRtiyoM meM hiraNyagarma kI mahattvapUrNa pratiSThA hai| hiraNyagarbha kI jo vizeSatAeM vaidika-sAhitya meM varNita haiM unakA tulanAtmaka vizleSaNa karane se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vaidika hiraNyagarbha jaina vAGmaya ke hiraNyagarbha se pRthak nahIM hai| isa vizleSaNa se eka aura bAta kI bhI puSTi hotI hai ki itihAsa ke atyanta prAcInakAla meM donoM saMskRtiyoM ke pUrvaja binA kisI bhedabhAva ke samAnarUpa se hiraNyagarbha ke pUjaka the| yaha hiraNyagarbha kauna hai ? kyA yaha kAlpanika vyaktitva hai athavA vAstavika puruSa ? yaha prazna bhAratIya itihAsa tathA saMskRti ke vicArakoM ke samakSa atizaya mahattvapUrNa hai| vaidika dRSTi ___ hiraNyagarbha meM hiraNya kA artha hai suvarNa, tathA garbha kA artha hai utpattisthAna / brahmA kI utpatti suvarNamaya aNDe se huI thI / ata: ve hiraNyagarbha kahe jAte haiM-"hiraNyaM hemamayANDaM garbhaH utpattisthAnamasya" / yaha viSNu kA bhI nAma hai| sUkSmazarIrasamaSTyupahitacaitanya prANAtmA tathA sUtrAtmA bhI hiraNyagarbha kahe jAte haiN|' ___ Rgveda ke dazama maMDala meM daza RcAoM kA hiraNyagarbha nAma kA eka sUkta hai jisameM hiraNyagarbha kI vizeSatAoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai "hiraNyagarbhaH samavartatAgne bhUtasya jAtaH patireka AsIt / sa dAdhAra pRthivIM cAmutemAM kasmai devAya haviSA vidhema // "3 arthAt -sRSTi kI utpatti ke pUrva hiraNyagarbha utpanna huaa| pazcAt akelA vaha samasta prANiyoM kA pati huaa| usI ne isa pRthvI tathA antarikSa ko dhAraNa kiyaa| hama usI devatA kI yajJAdi ke dvArA pUjana karate haiN| hiraNyagarbha sUkta kI anya RcAoM meM kahA gayA hai ki hiraNyagarbha sabako AtmA tathA bala kA dAna karate haiM, samasta devatA tathA mAnava unake zAsana ko svIkAra karate haiM, vaha samasta jagata kA eka hI rAjA hai, vaha dvipada aura catuSpada-donoM para zAsana karatA hai, ye himavAn Adi parvata tathA nadiyoM ke sAtha samudra bhI usakI mahimA kA pratipAdana karate haiM, samasta pradizAeM mAno usakI bhujAeM haiM, usane pRthvI tathA antarikSa--donoM ko sthira kiyA, usane svarga ko bhI sthira kiyA tathA antarikSa meM jala kA nirmANa kiyaa| vedoM ke prasiddha bhASyakAra AcArya sAyaNa ne hiraNyagarbha ko prajApati kA putra tathA svayaM prajApati batAyA hai| hiraNyagarbha kI .. nirukti karate hue sAyaNa kahate haiM-"hiraNyagarbhaH hiraNmayasyANDasya garbhabhUtaH prajApatihiraNyagarbhaH / tathA ca taittirIyaka-prajApati hiraNyagarbhaH prajAyateranurUpAya (le0 saM0 5.5.1-2) / yadvA hiraNmayo'NDo garbhavadyasyodare vartate sau'sau sUtrAtmA hiraNyagarbha ucyate / agre prapaJcotpatteH 1. "brahmA sraSTA parameSThI-hiraNyagarbhaH zatAnandaH" halAyudhakoza, 16, pR0743, prakAzana byUro, sUcanA vibhAga, uttara pradeza zakAbda, 1876; tathA ApTeja DikzanarI, 'hiraNyagarbha' zabda 2. Rgveda, 10-121. 3. vahI, 10/121-1. jaina dharma evaM AcAra 105
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________________ sarvasya jagataH patirIzvara AsIt / "" prAk samavartata mAyAdhyakSAt sisRkSoH paramAtmanaH sakAzAt samajAyata / taittirIya saMhitA meM hiraNyagarbha kA artha prajApati kiyA gayA hai| ataH AcArya sAyaNa usI ke anusAra hiraNyagarbha kI vyutpati karate haiM-- 'hiraNmaya aNDe kA garbhabhUta' athavA 'jisake udara meM hiraNmaya aNDA garbha kI taraha rahatA hai'| vaha hiraNyagarbha prapaJca kI utpatti se pahale sRSTiracanA ke icchuka paramAtmA se utpanna huaa| isa prakAra vaidika dRSTi se hiraNyagarbha saSTi kA AdipuruSa yA yugapuruSa pratIta hotA hai| jainadRSTi jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra bhagavAn RSabha 'hiraNyagarbha' nAma se saMbodhita kie gae haiN| harivaMza purANa meM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn RSabha ke garbha meM sthita hone ke samaya paryApta rUpa se hiraNya (suvarNa) kI varSA huI, isa kAraNa devatAoM ne hiraNyagarbha kahakara unakI stuti kI hiraNyavRSTiriSTAbhUd garbhasthe'pi yatastvayi / hiraNyagarbha ityuccaMgavarNanoMyase tvataH // ' isI bAta ko vikrama kI prathama zatAbdI ke AcArya vimalasUri ne apane prAkRta bhASA ke paumacariya' nAmaka grantha meM varNana kiyA hai vikrama kI navIM zatAbdI ke jainAcArya jinasena ne mahApurANa meM RSabhadeva ke caritra kA varNana kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM- "he prabho Apa hiraNyagarbha haiM, mAno isa bAta ko samasta saMsAra ko samajhAne ke lie hI kubera ne Apake garbha meM Ate hI suvarNa kI vRSTi kI""saMvA hiraNmayI vRSTiH dhanezena nipAtitA / vibhohiraNyagarbhatvamiva yoSayituM jagat // "" paM0 AzAghara ke jinasahasranAma ( 11 ) kI zrutasAgarI TIkA meM hiraNyagarbha kA artha batAte hue kahA gayA hai- garbhAgamanAt pUrvamapi SaNmAsAn ratnairupalakSitA suvarNavRSTirbhavati tena hiraNyagarbhaH" arthAt kRSabhadeva ke garbha meM Ane se chaha mahIne pUrva ratnoM ke sAtha suvarNa kI vRSTi hone lagI, ata: unheM hiraNyagarbha kahate haiM / 1 AcArya nemicandra ne apane 'pratiSThA tilaka' meM tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI mAtA kI vaMdanA karate hue kahA hai--"apane puNya se utpanna ratnasamUha kI vRSTi se saMsAra ko tRpta karane vAle hiraNyagarbha ko apane garbha meM dhAraNa karane vAlI ApakI kauna vaMdanA nahIM karatA" gaTTiyassa jassa u hiraNNabuTThI sakaMcaNA paDiyA / teNaM hiraNNaganbho jayammi uvagijjae usabho // ' "svapuNyodbhUtarasgauSTitapitabhUtatam / hiraNyagarbha garbhe tvAM dadhAnAM ko na vandate // "5 AdipurANa aura abhidhAnacintAmaNi meM tIrthaMkara RSabha ke aneka nAmoM meM hiraNyagarma kA ullekha hai "hiraNyagarbho bhagavAn vRSabho vRSabhadhvajaH / parameSThI paraM tavaM paramAtmAtmabhUrapi // "hiraNyagarbho lokezo naabhipdyaatmbhuurpi|" isa prasaMga meM eka bAta aura dhyAna dene yogya hai| tIrthaGkara RSabha ke zarIra kA varNa svarNa ke samAna pIta thaa| isI kAraNa 'janasahasranAma' meM unheM hiraNyavarNa, svarNAbha tathA zAtakumbhaniprabha kahA gayA hai 1. Rgveda 10/121-1 para sAyaNa kA bhASya / 2. harivaMzapurANa 8 / 206 3. paumacariyaM, 3/68 4. mahApurANa, 12 / 65 5. nemicandra, pratiSThA tilaka 8 / 2 6. AdipurANa, 24 / 33 7. abhidhAna cintAmaNi, 2 / 127 106 AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha .
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________________ "hiraNyavarNaH svarNAbhaH zAtakumbhanibhaprabhaH / " jinendra pUjApATha kI RSabhapUjA meM bhI unheM 'kAJcanacchAyaH' kahA gayA hai| hiraNyagarma kI nirukti karate samaya sAyaNa ne kahA hai ki "hiraNmayasya garbhasyANDabhUtaH prajApatihiraNyagarbhaH" arthAt jo prajApati garbharUpa meM svarNa ke aNDe ke samAna thaa| sAyaNa kI yaha hiraNyagarbha kI nirukti RSabhadeva ke hiraNyavarNa hone ke kAraNa upayukta baiTha jAtI hai| hiraNyagarbha ke vizleSaNa meM sAyaNa ne hI 'hiraNyarUpa' kI nirukti isa prakAra kI hai 'rUpyata iti rUpaM zarIraM, suvarNamayazarIro vA hiraNyarUpaH' navIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha nATakakAra hastimalla ne subhadrA nATikA meM sundarakAvya zailI meM hiraNyagarbha kA varNana, vijayAdha parvata ke varNana ke prasaMga meM isa prakAra kiyA hai "hiraNyagarbhaprathamAbhiSekakalyANapIThasya tanoti zobhAm / kSIrodapUrasnapitasya gauro rUpyAcalo'yaM kanakAcalasya // " arthAt - rajatavarNa kA yaha rUpyAcala (vijayArdhaparvata) usa kanakAcala (meruparvata) kI zobhA ko dhAraNa kara rahA hai jo ki hiraNyagarbha (RSabhadeva) ke prathama abhiSeka kI maMgalapIThikA banakara kSIrasAgara ke jala se snapita ho rahA hai| jainetara sAhitya meM mahArAja nAbhirAya evaM tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva zrImadbhAgavata meM jaina dharma ke AdyatIrthaMkara zrI RSabhadeva jI ko Izvara kA avatAra mAnA gayA hai| isa rocaka kathA meM bhI zukadeva evaM rAjA parIkSita ke samvAda meM yaha prakaraNa AyA hai ki AgnIdhra ke putra nAbhi ke koI santAna nahIM thii| isalie unhoMne apanI bhAryA marudevI ke sAtha putra kI kAmanA se ekAgratApUrvaka bhagavAna yajJapuruSa kI vizeSa samArAdhanA evaM pUjA ke nimitta vizeSa Ayojana kiyA thaa| pUjana meM manoyoga se tallIna RSigaNa ne nAbhi kI yajJazAlA meM prakaTa hue bhagavAna kA stavana karane ke uparAnta pradatta varoM se jIvana ko sArthaka karane ke lie isa prakAra kI yAcanA kI, "hama Apase yahI vara mAMgate haiM ki girane, Thokara khAne, chIMkane athavA jamhAI lene aura saMkaTAdi ke samaya evaM jvara va maraNAdika kI avasthAoM meM ApakA smaraNa na ho sakane para bhI kisI prakAra Apake sakala kalimala vinAzaka 'bhaktavatsala', 'dInabandhu' Adi guNa-dyotaka nAmoM kA hama uccAraNa kara skeN|" sAtha-hI-sAtha una mahAtmAoM ne atyanta dIna hokara apane Azaya ko prArthanA rUpa meM nivedita karate hue sammilita rUpa se yaha yAcanA kI, "hamAre yajamAna ye rAjarSi nAbhi santAna ko hI parama puruSArtha mAnakara Apa hI ke samAna putra pAne ke lie ApakI ArAdhanA kara rahe haiN| he deva ! Apa bhaktoM ke bar3e-bar3e kAma kara dete haiM / hama mandamatiyoM ne kAmanAvaza isa tuccha kArya ke lie ApakA AvAhana kiyA, yaha ApakA anAdara hI hai| kintu Apa samadarzI haiM / ataH hama ajJAniyoM kI dhRSTatA ko Apa kSamA kreN|" RSiyoM kI yAcanA para bhagavAna ne kahA, "RSiyo! bar3e asamaMjasa kI bAta haiM / mere samAna to maiM hI hU~ kyoMki maiM advitIya huuN| to bhI brAhmaNoM kA vacana mithyA na honA cAhie, dvijakula merA hI to mukha hai| isalie maiM svayaM hI apanI aMzakalA se AgnIghranandana nAbhi ke yahAM avatAra lUMgA kyoMki apane samAna mujhe koI aura dikhAI hI nahIM detaa|" zrI zukadeva jI ne rAjA parIkSita ko kathA sunAte hue kahA ki isa prakAra mahArAnI marudevI ke sAmane hI usake pati se isa prakAra kahakara bhagavAna antardhAna ho gae, aura mahArAnI marudevI ke garbha se digambara saMnyAsI UrdhvaretA muniyoM kA dharma prakaTa karane ke lie sattvamaya vigraha se prakaTa hue| apane suputra zrI RSabhadeva jI ke guNoM se prabhAvita hokara mahArAja nAbhi ne unako rAjyAbhiSikta kara diyA aura vaha svayaM apanI patnI marudevI sahita badarikAzrama ko cale ge| vahAM ahiMsA vRtti se kaThora tapasyA aura samAdhi yoga ke dvArA bhagavAna kA smaraNa karate hue unhIM ke svarUpa meM lIna ho ge|" [-AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja dvArA sampAdita bharateza vaibhava, pra0bhA0 meM 'zrImad bhAgavata meM RSabhadeva tIrthakara' ke AdhAra para --sampAdaka] 1. jinasahasranAma, trikAla. 6 jaina dharma evaM AcAra 2o7