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________________ SaTprAmRta kA racanAkAra kauna aura usakA racanAkAla kauna-sA? DaoN. ke.Ara. caMdra ahamadAbAda..... -tuM 6 1. sirpha DaoN. e.ena. upAdhye sAhaba ne pravacanasAra kI prastAvanA meM dhvani parivartana SaTprAbhRta ke racanAkAra ke viSaya meM jo kucha abhiprAya vyakta ke sAtha 65 -tUNa 9 -UNa 39 kiyA hai, usI ko lekara yaha carcA kI jA rahI hai| kundakundAcArya -UNaM 7 ke pravacanasAra aura SaTprAbhRta kI bhASA kA vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana kiyA jAe to ina donoM kI bhASA ke svarUpa se aisA uparyukta udAharaNoM se tuM aura cuM pratyaya hetvarthaka ke pratyaya lagatA hai ki ye donoM kRtiyA~ alaga-alaga kAla kI racanAe~ haiM jinakA prayoga saM.bhU. kRdanta ke lie SaTprAbhRta meM kiyA gayA haiM, ataH kisI eka hI AcArya kI ye racanAe~ nahIM hai, aisA spaSTa hai| yaha pravRtti paravartI kAla kI hai aura apabhraMza kAla ke samIpa pratIta hotA hai| isa tathya kI spaSTatA ke lie namUne ke rUpa meM le jAtI hai| bhASika prayogoM ke kucha udAharaNa idhara prastuta kie jA rahe haiM-- Upara ke donoM graMthoM ke tulanAtmaka pratyayoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki pravacanasAra kI zaurasenI bhASA se SaTprAbhUta kI bhASA mahArASTrI pravacanasAra bhASika vizeSatAe~ SaTpAhuDa prAkRta ke adhika najadIka hai| vartamAna kAla __-i,-e pratyayoM kI saMkhyA 6. ina prayogoM ke sivAya SaTprAbhRta meM apabhraMza bhASA ke -di, -de, kA tR.pu. ekavacana -di, -de se tIna guNI hai| sadRza prayogoM kI bahulatA hai| aneka prayogoM meM se kacha udAharaNa hI prayoga kA pratyaya namUne ke rUpa meM nIce prastuta kie jA rahe haiM-- 2. 'AdA' aura 'Atmana' zabda 'AdA' aura 'appA' ke 7. vibhakti rahita mUla nAma zabdoM ke prayoga tathA anya 'appA' ke vividha rUpa sivAya 'AyA' bhI jo paravartI kAla kA rUpa hai| apabhraMza prayoga 3. sirpha napuMsaka liMga -Ni aura-iM bhI ka. prathamA eka vacana -Ni vibhakti zabdoM ke lie anupAta 1:7.5 ceiya, 4.90, anugRhaNa, 2.10, vutta, 3.21, Nimmama (strIliMga) prathamA dvitIyA 4.49 bahucavacana kI vibhaktiyA~ 4. anupAta saptamI eka sirpha -e aura -mmi kha. prathamA bahuvacana -e, -mhi, mmi vacana ke pratyaya anupAta 5:1 vaDDamANa, 1.6, sikkhAvaya, 2.22, NiThabhaya, 4.50 muNi, 5.156 4.52:1 zaurasenI kA mukhya pratyaya ga. dvi. e. vacana, appA, 3.16, viNaya 4.17, gArava 5.104 5. -dUNa 1 saMbaMdhaka -duNa kasAya 6.26, sevA saddhA 2.12 -ccA 3 bhUta kRdanta -ccA gha. dvi. ba. vacana suparIsaha 5.92 -iya 1 ke pratyayoM -iya 4 -saMskRta ca. SaSThI e.va. parivAra, 1.10 -ttA 2 kA anupAta dhvani parivartana vAlA 1 cha. saptamI eka vacana rahiya 2.20, sivamagga 3.2, lesA pratyaya vAlA -ttu1 (strI) 4.33, daMsaNa, 4.29 rUpa mAtra -tu 2 ja. napuM, ba.va. ke pratyaya i. vAle rUpoM meM iM ko chanda kI dRSTi se
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________________ - yatIndrasUrismAraka grantha - jaina Agama evaM sAhitya - guru ke badale laghu par3hanA par3atA hai, arthAt yaha I. vAstava meM - bhASA meM prayukta hone vAle rUpa ke jaisA hai| iM pratyaya mAnA jAnA cAhie jo paravartI kAla kA aura adhikatara Upara jitane bhI prayoga die gae haiM ve apabhraMza bhASA ke apabhraMza meM prayukta huA hai| udAharaNa caudasapuvvAi 5.52 rUpoM ke sadaza haiM unako yadi badalakara zaurasenI ke rUpoM ke jha. dIrgha svarAnta zabdoM kA vibhakti rahati hrasva svarAMta zabdoM ke samAna banA diyA jAe to cU~ki yaha kRti padyAtmaka hai, chanda bhaMga rUpa meM prayoga-- ho jAtA hai| ataH isa graMtha kA samIkSita saMpAdana kiyA jAne para sIla (zilAyAm) sa.e.va. 4.56 isakI bhASA meM paravartI kAla kI bhASA ke jo tattva milate haiM, unake sthAna para yadi prAcIna bhASA ke prayoga rakha die jAe~ to ve daya (dayAm) dvi.e.va. 5.131 anupayukta hI tthhreNge| esaNa (eSaNA) [(pra.e.va. (strIliMga)] 2.36 isase yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki isa graMtha kI bhASA Ja. tR.e.va. ke lie -e aura iM. vibhakti arthAt apabhraMza aura pravacanasAra kI bhASA meM bahuta hI antara hai| ataH na to vibhaktiyoM ke prayoga isakI racanA svayaM kundakundAcArya dvArA kI gaI hai aura na hI ikki (ekena) 6.22. jiNe kahiyaM (jinena kathitama) kundakundAcArya ke pUrva meM pracalita gAthAoM kA unhoMne saMkalana 4.61, saMkhevi (saMkSepena) 5.126 kiyA hai| yadi ina donoM saMbhAvanAoM meM se kisI eka ko bhI mAnya rakhA jAe jaisA ki DA. e.ena. upAdhye kA Agraha-mantavya Ta. SaSThI e.va.yA. ba.va. kA rUpa tAha (tasya yA teSAm) 3.27, -tarka hai taba phira yaha bhI mAnanA par3egA ki kundakundAcArya kA jAhu (yasya) 3.27 samaya bhI itanA prAcIna nahIM hai, jaisA DA. upAdhye ne sAbita Tha. sa.e.va. kI vibhakti i. karane kA viphala prayatna kiyA hai| aisI avasthA meM kundakundAcArya nirai (narake) 6.25 kA samaya bhI pA~cavIM-chaThI zatAbdI ke bAda kA mAnane ke lie bAdhya honA pdd'egaa| DA. upAdhye sAheba ne isa viSaya meM spaSTa Da. binA anusvAra ke avyayoM kA prayoga kaha (katham) 3.24 (kaha) abhiprAya vyakta nahIM kiyA hai| unhoMne W. Denecke ke mata ko Dha. apabhraMza ke samAna anya zabda rUpoM ke prayoga ikka (eka) nirAdhAra siddha karane kA kala prayatna kiyA hai jo aise niSkarSa 6.22, ittahe (etasmAt) 2.30 para pahu~ce the ki SaT prAbhRtakI bhASA kundakundAcArya ke samayasAra aTThAraha (aSTAdaza) 6.90 kI bhASA se paravartI kAla kI hai| terahame (treyodaze) 4.32 (dekhie pizala 243, 245, 441) hamAre dvArA kiyA gaye bhASA ke isa sUkSma adhyayana-vizleSaNa se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki pravacanasAra aura SaT-prAbhRta kI Na. vartamAna kAla ke tR.ba.va. kA pratyaya -hi lahahi (labhante) bhASA ke svarUpa ke kAla meM bahuta bar3A aMtara hai tathA SaTprAbhRta 6.77 ciTThahi (tiSThanti), 6.104,105 / / aura pravacanasAra ke racanAkAra eka hI AcArya kadApi ho hI ta. AjJArtha dvi. pa. e.va. kA pratyaya-i bhAvi (bhAvaya) 5.80, nahIM skte| 94 (3 bAra) DA. e.ena. upAdhye sAheba W. Denecke ke isa mata ko parihari (parihara) 2.6 ki SaTprAbhRta zrI kundakundAcArya kI racanA nahIM ho sakatI aura tha. saM.bhU. kRdanta ke lie evi pratyaya levi (lAtvA) 6.21, yaha graMtha kundakundAcArya se paravartI kAla kA hai, mAnya nahIM rakhate caevi (tyaktvA ) 6.28 aura jo digaMbara jaina paraMparA calI A rahI hai use hI mAnya rakhane kI salAha dete haiN| unakA jo (Arguement) tarka hai, use unake da. bhU dhAtu kA bhUta kRdanta hI zabdoM meM yahAM para uddhRta (aMgrejI meM) kiyA jA rahA hai huo (bhUtaH) 4.61 yaha rUpa to Adhunika bhAratIya Arya "I am perfectly aware that it is only on the ground of
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________________ yatIndrasUri smArakagrantha jaina Agama evaM sAhitya current tradition that Kundakunda is accepted as the author of these pahudas and no evidence is coming forth, nor there is anything in these texts, taken as a whole, which should preclude us from taking Kundakunda as the author of these works. The texts of these pahudas as utilised by me, could not be claimed to be critical, so there is every probability of omissions and commissions of gathas especially in such traditional texts: W. Denecke doubts Kundakunda's authorship, but he gives no diefinite reasons. Dialactally he finds that six pahudas are younger than samayasara etc; but this cannot be a safe guide, unless we are guided by critical editions. The reason for the presence of Apabhramsa forms in these pahudas, as compared with pravacansara, It have explained in my dis ussion on the dialect of pravacansara, it is imaginable that traditionally compiled texts might be attributed to Kundakunda because of his literary reputation, but to prove this we must some strong evidence potent enough to cancel the current tradition. In conclusion I would say that these pahudas contain many ideas, phrases and sentences which are quite in tune with the spirit and phrasiology of Pravacansar." mApadaMDa se mAnya ThaharegI nhiiN| namUne ke rUpa meM kucha hI aise sudhAre hue udAharaNa prastuta kie jA rahe haiM, jinase spaSTa ho jAegA ki aisA sAhasa kahA~ taka ucita hogA? SaTprAkRta meM upalabdha prayoga aura saMzodhita prayoga donoM meM mAtrAoM kA aMtara aura taba phira saMzodhita pATha se chandobhaMga kA bhy| SaTprAbhRta ke pATha upalabdha mudrita pATha aura mAtrAe~ saMzodhita pATha aura mAtrAe~ (kalpita samIkSita pATha) 1. prathamA eka vacana garahiDa 3.19 (4) bhaNiya 4.54 (3) uparyukta uddharaNa meM unakA yaha kahanA ki SaTprAbhRta kA saMskaraNa samIkSita saMpAdana nahIM hai aura isameM pravacanasAra ke samAna hI Ideas, Phrases aura Sentences prApta ho rahe haiM, isalie use cAlU paraMparA ke viruddha paravartIkAla kI racanA mAnanA ucita nahIM hogaa| kisI bhI paravartIkAla ke graMtha meM pUrvavartI kAla ke graMtha ke samAna viSayavastu kA aura zailI kA pAyA jAnA ekAntataH yaha sAbita nahIM karatA ki aisI paravartI kAla kI kRti apane se pUrvavartI kAla kI racanA ke samaya meM hI racI gaI hogii| una donoM kI bhASA ke svarUpa para bhI vicAra kiyA jAnA cAhie / SaTprAbhRta kI samIkSita AvRtti kA kyA artha hotA hai? kyA usameM se aisI gAthAeM vikSipta mAnI jAeM jinameM apabhraMza ke spaSTa prayoga haiM yA aisI gAthAoM kI bhASA kA mUla svarUpa apabhraMza se prabhAvita nahIM thA paraMtu bAda meM kAla ke prabhAva se usameM apabhraMza ke prayoga ghusa gae, yadi aisA mAnA jAe to yaha upayukta nahIM hai| SaTprAbhRta meM sirpha pA~ca-dasa prayoga hI apabhraMza ke ho aisA nahIM hai| isameM to hareka pAhuDa meM bIsoM prayoga apabhraMza ke milate haiM aura yadi una apabhraMza prayogoM ko sudhArakara unheM zaurasenI prAkRtake anurUpa (yAnI samIkSita AvRtti banAne kA yahI artha hotA ho to? ) banA diyA jAe to sabhI jagaha gAthAoM meM chandoM bhaMga ho jAtA hai| kisI bhI padyamaya racanA meM isa prakArakI kSati samIkSita AvRtti ke Shandard [ 69 ] 2. prathamA bahuvacana muNi 5.156 (2) NiNbhaya 4.50 (4) sAhu 6.104 (3) 3. dvitIyA eka vacana jhANa 5.119 micchata 5.115 4. (4) virai 6.16 (3) maNu 5.140 (2) tRtIyA eka vacana jiNe 4.61 5. AjJArthaM bhAvi 5.131 (3) dussIla 1.16 (5) dussIlo (6) garahio (5) bhaNiyA (strI.) (4) muNI, muNiNI, muNIo, muNao (3) (4) (5) (4) NiSbhayA (4) sAhuNo, sAhavo, sAhU, sAhUo (5) (5) (4) (6) zANa (4) micchattaM (6) viraiM (4) maNaM (3) jiNeNa jiNeNaM (4) (5) bhAvaya, bhAvasu, bhAvahi (4) (4) (4)
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smArakagranya - jaina Agama evaM sAhitya - 6. bhUta kRdanta huDa 4.30 huo, bhUdo, bhUo kalpita kiye gae haiM, ve kisI hastaprati meM mila bhI jAe~ to (2) (3) (4) (4) sarvatra chandobhaMga hogA ataH aisI kalpanA karanA ki abhI jo apabhraMza rUpa upalabdha haiM ve vizvasanIya nahIM ho sakate, yaha kisa vutta (3).21 vuttaM (4) AdhAra para mAnya rakkhA jAe? aisI paristhiti meM yahI mAnanA 7. saMbaMdhaka bhUta kRdanta ArahattA, (ArihiUpa-tUpadUNa) upayukta hogA ki SaTprAbhUta meM kitane hI aise prayoga haiM, jo Aruhavi (5) paravartI (pravacanasAra kI bhASA kI tulanA meM) kAla ke aura apabhraMza-bhASA saMbaMdhI haiM, jisake kAraNa SaTprAbhRta kI racanA AruhituM duM, uM kA kAla apabhraMza yuga meM calA jAtA hai aura isalie yaha na to jhAevi (6) svayaM kundakundAcArya kI hI racanA hai aura na hI unake dvArA AiUNa tUNa, dUNa pracalita prAcIna gAthAoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| jaisI ki DA. e.ena. upAdhye sAhaba kI dhAraNA hai| sandarbha AittA, jhAittu SaTprAbhUtAdisaMgraha, saMpAdaka - paM. pannAlAla sonI, zrI (6) (6) mANika candra digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, vi.saM. 1977 8. appaya (I.san 1922) jaha 3.18 jahA 2. isake lie Age dekhie pR. saM. 69 (2) dekhie pravacanasAra, sampAdaka - e.ena. upAdhye kI prastAvanA o 6.8 pR. saM. 35 (zrImad rAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA, zrImad tu yA u rAjacandra Azrama agAsa, 1964 (2) (1) (1) 4. vahI, pR 35 aNudiNu aNudiNaM 5. Introduction, P. 35 (4) lagabhaga 150 se adhika prayoga apabhraMza bhASA ke sadRza isa taraha se samIkSita yA saMzodhita AvRtti meM jo pATha mila rahe haiN|