Shad darshan Samucchaya ki Samiksha

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Z_Mahendrakumar_Jain_Nyayacharya_Smruti_Granth_012005.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/211300/1

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paMDita mahendrakumAra nyAyAcAryake dvArA saMpAdita evaM anUdita 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' kI samIkSA * DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, vArANasI paM0 mahendrakumArajI 'nyAyAcArya ke vaiduSyako samajhanA ho, unakI pratibhA evaM vyaktitvakA mUlyAMkana karanA ho to hameM unakI sampAdita evaM ana dita kRtiyoMkA avalokana karanA hogaa| jinameM eka samadarzI AcArya haribhadrakA 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' aura usakI guNaratnakI TIkAkA sampAdana-anuvAda hai / unakI yaha kRti bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI ( vartamAnameM dehalo ) se san 1969 meM unake svargavAsake dasa varSa pazcAt prakAzita huI hai| unakI isa kRti para unake abhinna mitra evaM sAthIkI vistRta bhUmikA hai| prastuta samIkSAmeM maiMne una pakSoM para jinapara paM0 dalasukhabhAIkI bhUmikAmeM ullekha huA hai, carcA nahIM karate hue mukhyataH unakI anuvAda zailIko hI samIkSAkA AdhAra banAyA hai / yadi hama bhAratIya darzanake itihAsa meM sabhI pramukha darzanoMke siddhAntoMko eka hI granthameM pUrI prAmANikatAke sAtha prastuta karane hetu kie gaye prayatnoMko dekhate hai to hamArI dRSTimeM haribhadra hI ve prathama vyakti haiM jinhoMne apane samayake sabhI pramukha sabhI bhAratIya darzanoMko niSpakSa rUpase eka hI granthameM prastuta kiyA hai / haribhadrake 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' kI koTikA koI anya darzana saMgrAhaka prAcIna grantha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / yadyapi haribhadrake pUrva aura haribhadrake pazcAt bhI apane-apane granthoMmeM vividha dArzanika siddhAntoMko prastuta karanekA kArya aneka jaina evaM jainetara AcAryoMne kiyA hai, kintu una sabakA uddezya anya darzanoMkI samIkSA kara apane darzanakI zreSThatAkA pratipAdana karanA hI rahA hai / cAhe phira vaha mallavAdIkA dvAdazAranayacakra ho yA zaMkarakA sarvasiddhAntasaMgraha ho yA madhvAcAryakA sarvadarzanasaMgraha ho / ina granthoMmeM pUrvadarzanakA unhIM darzanoMke dvArA nirAkaraNa karate hue aMtameM apane siddhAntakI sarvoparitA yA zreSThatAkI sthApanA kI gaI hai / isI prakArakA eka prayatna jainadarzanameM haribhadrake lagabhaga tIna varSa pUrva pAMcavIM zatAbdImeM mallavAdIke nayacakrameM bhI dekhA jAtA hai| usameM bhI ekadarzanake dvArA dUsare darzanakA khaNDana karAte hue antima darzanakA khaNDana prathama darzanase karavAkara eka cakrako sthApanA kI gaI hai / yadyapi nayacakra spaSTarUpase jainadarzanako sarvoparitAko prastuta nahIM karatA kintu usako dRSTi bhI svapakSa arthAt anekAntavAdake maNDana aura parapakSake khaNDanakI hI rahI hai| yahI sthiti sarvasiddhAntasaMgraha aura sarvadarzanasaMgrahakI bhI hai| unameM bhI svapakSake maNDanakI pravRtti rahI hai / ataH ve jaina dArzanika hoM yA jainetara dArzanika, sabhIke darzana saMgrAhaka granthoMmeM mala uddezya to apane darzana kI sarvoparitAko pratisthApanA hI rahI hai / haribhadrake SaDdarzanasamuccayakI jo vizeSatA hai vaha jaina aura jainetara paramparAke anyadarzana saMgrAhaka graMthoMmeM nahIM miltii| yaha haribhadrakI udAra aura ka dRSTi thI, jisake kAraNa unake dvArA sampradAyanirapekSa SaDdarzanasamuccayakI racanA ho paaii| unake SaDdarzanasamuccaya aura zAstravArtAsamuccaya ina donoMmeM anya darzanoMke prati pUrNa prAmANikatA aura AdarakA tattva dekhA jAtA hai / unhoMne SaDdarzanasamucca meM anya darzanoMko apane yathArtharUpameM prastuta kiyA hai| haribhadrake isa mahattvapUrNa grantha para guNaratnasUrikRta TIkA hai| kintu jJAtavya hai ki TIkAneM

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16 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha usa udAra dRSTikA nirvAha nahIM dekhA jAtA jo mala granthakAra kI hai kyoMki TIkAmeM caturtha adhikArameM jainamatake prastutIkaraNake sAtha anya matoMkI samIkSA bhI kI gaI hai jaba ki haribhadrakI kArikAoMmeM isa prakArakA koI bhI saMketa nahIM milatA hai| isa TIkAmeM jainadarzanakI pratisthApanAkA prayatna ativistArase haa| TIkAkA Adhe se adhika bhAga to mAtra jainadarzanase sambandhita hai, ataH TIkAke vivecanameM vaha santulana nahIM hai jo haribhadrake mUla granthameM hai / haribhadrakA yaha mUlagrantha aura usakI TIkA yadyapi aneka bhaMDAroMmeM hastapratiyoMke rUpameM upalabdha the kintu jahA~ taka hamArI jAnakArI hai gujarAtI TIkAke sAtha haribhadrake SaDdarzanasamaccayakA sarvaprathama prakAzana esiyATika sosAyaTI, kalakattAse 1905 meM huA thaa| isI prakAra maNibhadrakI raghuvRttike sAtha isakA prakAzana caukhambhA saMskRta mIrIja, vArANasIke dvArA 1920 meM huaa| isa prakAra SaDdarzanasamuccaya mUlakA-TIkAke sAtha prakAzana usake pUrva bhI huA thA kintu vaijJAnika rItise sampAdana aura hindI anuvAda apekSita thA / isa graMthakA vaijJAnika rItise sampAdana aura hindI anuvAdakA yaha mahattvapUrNa kArya paMDita mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya ke dvArA kiyA gyaa| sambhavataH unake pUrva aura unake pazcAt bhI isa granthakA aisA anya koI prAmANika saMskaraNa Aja taka nahIM prakAzita ho pAyA hai| aneka pratiyoMse pAThoMkA milAna karake aura jisa DhaMgase malagnanthako sampAdita kiyA gayA thA vaha nizcita hI eka bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa kArya rahA hogA jisameM paMDitajI ko aneka kaSTa uThAne par3e hoNge| durbhAgyase isa grantha para unakI apanI bhamikA na ho pAneke kAraNa hama yaha nahIM samajha pA rahe haiM ki mala pratiyoMko prApta karake athavA eka prakAzita saMskaraNake AdhAra para isa granthako sampAdita karane meM kina-kina kaThinAiyoMkA sAmanA karanA par3A hogaa| isa granthake saMdarbha meM apane pAMDulipise jo sUcanA milatI hai isase mAtra itanA jJAta hotA hai ki unhoMne SaDdarzanasamuccaya mUla aura guNaratna TIkAkA anuvAda 25/6 / 40 ko 4 baje pUrNa kiyA thA kintu unake saMzodhana usapara TippaNa likhanekA kArya ve apanI mRtyu jana 1959 ke pUrva taka karate rahe / isase yaha spaSTa patA calatA hai ki unhoMne isa granthako antima rUpa dene meM paryApta parizrama kiyA hai / kheda to yaha bhI hai ki ve apane jIvanakAlameM na to isakI bhUmikA likha pAe na ise prakAzita rUpameM hI dekha paaye| bhAratIya jJAnapIThase prakAzita hokara yaha grantha jisa rUpameM hamAre sAmane AyA aura unake zrama evaM unakI pratibhAkA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha to eka sunizcita tathya hai ki saMskRtakI adhikAMza TIkAe~ mUlagranthase bhI adhika duSkara ho jAtI haiM aura unheM par3hakara samajha pAnA mUlagranthakI apekSA bhI kaThina hotA hai / aneka saMskRta granthoMko TIkAoM vizeSarUpase jainadarzanase sambandhita granthoMkI saMskRta TIkAoMke adhyayanase maiM isa niSkarSa para pahu~cA hai ki TIkAoMkA anuvAda karanA atyanta durUha kArya hai| sAmAnyatayA yaha dekhA jAtA hai vidvajjana anuvAdameM granthake malazabdoMko yathAvat rakhakara apanA kAma calA lete hai kintu isase viSayakI spaSTatAmeM kaThinAI utpanna hotI hai / 'makSikA sthAne makSikA' rakhakara anuvAda to kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu vaha pAThakoMke lie vodhagamya aura sarala nahIM hotA / paM0 mahendra kumAra nyAyAcAryakI anuvAda ziSTaya hai ki inakA anuvAda malagrantha aura usakI TIkAkI apekSA atyanta sarala aura subodha hai| darzanake granthako sarala aura subodha DhaMgase prastuta karanA kevala usI vyaktike lie saMbhava hotA hai jo una granthoMko AtmasAt kara prastutIkaraNakI kSamatA rakhatA ho / jise viSaya jJAna na ho vaha cAhe kaisA hI bhASAvida ho saphala anuvAdaka nahIM hotA hai|

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3 / kRtiyoMkI samIkSAe~ : 17 anuvAdake kSetrameM paM0 mahendrakumArajI ne mUla TIkAkI apekSA bhI artha meM vistAra kiyA hai kintu isa vistAra ke kAraNa unakI zailI meM jo spaSTatA aura subodhatA AI hai vaha nizcaya hI granthako saralatApUrvaka samajhAne meM sahAyaka hotI hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM Izvarake sRSTikartRtvako sarala zabdoM meM samokSA karate hue be likhate haiM - acchA yaha bhI batAo ki Izvara saMsArako kyoM banAtA hai ? kyA vaha apanI rucise jagatko gar3hane baiTha jAtA hai ? athavA hama logoMke puNya-pApake adhIna hokara isa jagat kI sRSTi karatA hai yA dayA ke kAraNa yaha jagat banAtA hai yA usane krIr3Ake lie yaha khela-khilaunA banAyA hai| kiMvA ziSToMkI bhalAI aura duSToM ko daNDa deneke lie yaha jagat-jAla bichAyA hai yA usakA yaha svabhAva hI hai ki vaha baiThe ThAle kucha na kucha kiyA hI kre| yadi hama unakI isa vyAkhyA ko mUlake sAtha milAna karake dekhate haiM to yaha pAte haiM ki mUla TIkA mAtra do paMktiyoM meM hai jabaki anuvAda vistRta hai to yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki unakA yaha anuvAda zabdAnusArI na hokara viSayako spaSTa karanekI dRSTise hI huA hai / paM0 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya ke isa anuvAda zailIkI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve isameM kisI durUha zabdAvalIkA prayoga na karake aise zabdoM kI yojanA karate haiM jisase sAmAnya pAThaka bhI viSayako saralatApUrvaka samajha sake / isa anuvAdase aisA lagatA hai ki isameM paMDitajIkA uddezya apane vaiduSya kA pradarzana karanA nahIM hai, apitu sAmAnya pAThakako viSayakA bodha karAnA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne mUla TIkAse haTakara bhI viSayako spaSTa karane ke lie apane DhaMga se udAharaNa prastuta kie haiN| paM0 mahendrakumArajIke isa anuvAdakI dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne apanI vyAkhyAmeM janasAmAnya kI paricita zabdAvalIkA hI upayoga kiyA hai / udAharaNake rUpa meM jainadRSTise Izvarake sRSTikartA honekI samIkSA ke prasaMga meM ve likhate haiM ki yadi Izvara hama logoMke pApa-puNya ke AdhArapara hI jagatkI sRSTi karatA hai to usakI svatantratA kahA~ raho / vaha kAhekA Izvara / vaha to hamAre karmoMke hukumako bajAnevAlA eka mainejara sarIkhA hI huA / yadi Izvara kRpA karake isa jagatko racatA hai to saMsArameM koI duHkhI prANI nahIM rahanA cAhie, khuzahAla aura sukhI hI sukhI utpanna ho / isa zabdAvalImeM hama spaSTa anumAna kara sakate haiN| ki paMDitajIne darzana jaise durUha viSayako kitanA sarasa aura subodha banA diyA hai / yaha kArya sAmAnya paMDita IT nahIM apitu eka adhikArI vidvAn kA hI ho sakatA hai / vastutaH yadi ise anuvAda kahanA ho to mAtra isa prakArakA kahA jA sakatA hai ki unhoMne TIkAke mUla tarkoM aura viSayoMkA anusaraNa kiyA hai kintu yathArtha meM to yaha TokApara AdhArita eka svatantra vyAkhyA | darzana jaise durUha viSayake tArkika granthoMkI aisI sarala aura subodha vyAkhyA hameM atyanta kama hI dekhane milatI hai / yaha unakI lekhanIkA hI kamAla hai ki ve bAta-bAta meM ho darzanakI durUha samasyAoM ko hala kara dete haiM / haribhadrake hI eka grantha zAstravArtAsamuccayakI TIkA anuvAda sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlayake pUrva kulapati sva0 paM0 badrInAtha zuklane kiyA hai kintu unakA yaha anuvAda itanA jaTila hai ki anuvAdakI apekSA mUlagranthase viSayako samajha lenA adhika AsAna hai / yahI sthiti prameyakamalamArttaNDa, aSTasahasrI Adi jainadArzanika granthoMke hindI anuvAda kI hai| vastutaH kimo vyaktikA vaiduSya ima bAta meM nahIM jhalakatA ki pAThakako viSaya aspaSTa banA rahe, vaiduSya to isI meM haiM ki pAThaka granthako sahaja aura sarala rUpa meM samajha sake | paM0 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya kI yahI eka aisI vizeSatA unheM una vidvAnoMkI usa koTimeM lAkara khar3I kara detI hai jo gambhIra viSayako bhI spaSTatA ke sAtha samajhane aura samajhAne meM sakSama haiM / sAmAnyatayA saMskRtake granthoMke vyAkhyAtAoM yA anuvAdakoM ko yaha samajhane meM eka kaThinAI yaha hotI 3-3

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18: DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha hai ki malagrantha yA TIkAoMmeM pUrvapakSa kahA~ samApta hotA hai aura uttarapakSa kahA~se prArambha hotA hai kintu paM0 mahendrakumArajIne apane anuvAdameM IzvaravAdI jaina athavA zaMkA-samAdhAna aise choTe-choTe zIrSaka dekarake bahuta hI spaSTatAke sAtha pUrvapakSa aura uttarapakSako alaga-alaga rakha diyA tAki pAThaka donoM pakSoMko alaga-alaga DhaMgase samajha ske| bhASAkI dRSTise paMDitajIke anuvAdakI bhASA atyanta sarala hai| unhoMne durUha saMskRtaniSTha vAkyoM kI apekSA janasAdhAraNameM pracalita zabdAvalIkA hI prayoga kiyA hai / yahI nahIM, yathAsthAna urdU aura aMgrejI zabdoMkA bhI niHsaMkoca prayoga kiyA hai| unake anuvAdameM prayukta kucha padAvaliyoM aura zabdoMkA prayoga dekheM-"yaha jagat jAla bichAyA hai|" "karmoMke hukumako bajAnevAlA mainejara"; "baiThe-ThAle"; "hAiDrojana meM jaba AksIjana" amuka mAtrAmeM milatA hai to svabhAvase hI jala bana jAtA hai; "isake bIcake aijenTa Izvara kI kyA AvazyakatA hai", binA jote hue apanese hI uganevAlI jaMgalI ghAsa; "pratyakSase kartAkA abhAva nizcita hai|" ( dekheM pR0 102-103 ) Adi / vastutaH aisI zabda yojanA sAmAnya pAThakake lie viSayako samajhane meM adhika kAragara hotI hai| jahA~ taka paM0 mahendrakumArajIke vaiduSyakA prazna hai, isa granthako vyAkhyAse vaha apane Apa hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai kyoMki jaba taka vyakti SaDdarzanoM evaM mAtra itanA hI nahIM unake pUrvapakSa aura uttarapakSakA samyak jJAtA na ho taba taka vaha unakI TIkA nahIM likha sakatA / yadyapi prastuta TIkAmeM jainadarzanake pUrvapakSa evaM pUrvapakSako vistAra diyA hai kintu anya darzanoMke bhI pUrvapakSa aura uttarapakSa to apanI jagaha upasthita hue hI haiM / ataH SaDdarzanasamuccaya jaise granthakI TIkApara eka navIna vyAkhyA likha denA kevala usI vyaktike lie sambhava hai jo kisI eka darzanakA adhikArI vidvAna na hokara samasta darzanoMkA adhikArI vidvAna ho| paM0 mahendrakumArajIko yaha pratibhA hai ki ve isa granthakI sarala aura sahaja hindI vyAkhyA kara sake / dArzanika jagat unake isa avadAnako kabhI bhI nahIM bhulA pAegA / vastutaH unakA yaha anuvAda, anuvAda na hokara eka svatantra vyAkhyA hI hai / unakI vaijJAnika sampAdana paddhatikA yaha pramANa hai ki unhoMne pratyeka viSayake saMdarbha meM aneka jaina evaM jainetara granthoMse pramANa prastuta kie haiN| saMdarbha granthoMkI yaha saMkhyA sambhavataH sause bhI adhika hogI jinake pramANa TippaNIke rUpameM tulanA athavA pakSa samarthanakI dRSTise prastuta kie gae hai / ye TippaNa paM0 mahendrakumArajIke vyApaka evaM bahumukhI pratibhAke paricAyaka hai| yadi unheM ina saba granthoMkA vistRta avabodha nahIM hotA to yaha sambhava nahIM thA ki ve ina saba granthoMse TippaNa de pAte / pariziSToMke rUpameM SaDdarzanasamuccayakI maNibhadrakRta laghuvRtti, ajJAtakartRka avaNike sAtha-sAtha kArikA, zabdAnukramikA, uddhRta vAkya, anukramaNikA, saMketa vivaraNa Adise yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki paM0 mahendrakumArajI kevala paramparAgata vidvAn hI nahIM the apitu ve vaijJAnika rItise sampAdana-kalAmeM bhI niSNAta the| vastutaH unakI pratibhA bahumukhI aura bahuAyAmI thI, jisakA Akalana unakI kRtiyoM ke samyak anuzIlanameM hI pUrNa ho sakatA hai| SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI guNaratnakI TIkApara unako yaha hindI vyAkhyA vastutaH bhAratIya darzana jagatko unakA mahattvapUrNa avadAna hai jisake lie ve vidvajjagatmeM sadaiva smaraNa kiye jAte rheNge|