Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. -. -.-.-.-.-. -. -. -.-. -. -.-.-. -.-. -. -.-. -.-.-.-.-.-. zabda-artha sambandha : jaina dArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM - DaoN0 hemalatA boliyA (sahAyaka AcArya, saMskRta vibhAga, udayapura vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura) anya samasyAoM kI hI bhA~ti zabda-artha ke pArasparika sambandha bhI dArzanika jagat meM eka vivAda kA viSaya banI huI hai| zabda-artha meM paraspara koI sambandha hai athavA nahIM, yadi koI sambandha hai to vaha kauna-sA Adi praznoM ko lekara dArzanikoM ne apanA-apanA cintana prastuta kiyA hai| ___katipaya dArzanika zabda aura artha ke sambandha ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM; kintu isakI upekSA nahIM jA sakatI, kyoMki yadi inameM koI sambandha nahIM hai to hameM jo yatkicit kI pratIti yA avabodha (jJAna) zabda ke mAdhyama se hotA hai, vaha nahIM honA cAhie / jaina dArzanika haribhadrasUri kA kathana hai ki yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki ina donoM meM koI sambandha nahIM hai, to kisI siddha puruSa kI nindA athavA stuti kucha bhI kareM to isameM koI doSa nahIM honA cAhie, tathA kisI ko pukArane para use na to sunanA cAhie aura na hI tadanukUla AcaraNa karanA cAhie; kintu loka meM aisA pratyakSataH dekhane ko nahIM miltaa| ise svIkAra na karane para hamArA pratidina kA kArya bhI nahIM cala skegaa| ataH zabda aura artha meM paraspara sambandha hai, ise svIkAra kiye binA hamArI gati nahIM hai| yaha bAta pRthak hai ki inameM paraspara kauna-sA sambandha hai? inake pArasparika sambandha ko lekara bhI dArzanikoM meM mataikya nahIM hai| dArzanikoM ne ina donoM ke bIca nAnA sambandhoM kI kalpanA kI hai, jaise--kAryakAraNabhAva sambandha, vAcya-vAcakabhAva sambandha, tAdAtmya-sambandha, janyajanakabhAva sambandha, kuNDa tathA badarI ke samAna saMyoga sambandha, tantu evaM paTa ke samAna samavAya sambandha, nimitta-naimittika sambandha, Azraya-AzrayibhAva sambandha, sAmAyika sambandha Adi / parantu ina saba sambandhoM kA antabhAva do sambandhoM kiyA jA sakatA hai 1. zabda aura artha meM anitya sambandha hai athavA 2. nitya sambandha hai| anitya sambandha naiyAyikoM ne zabda aura artha meM nitya athavA apauruSeya sambandha mAnane vAle dArzanikoM ke mata ko pUrvapakSa meM rakhakara sayukti khaNDana kiyA hai tadanantara svamata ko samAdhAna yA siddhAnta mata rUpa meM prasthApita kiyA hai| inake --zAstravArtAsamuccaya kA0 672. 1. buddhAvarNo pi cAdoSaH saMstavepyaguNastathA / AhvAnApratipatyAdi zabdArthayogato dhra vam // 2. nyAyamaMjarI, Ahnika 4 pR0 220-22. 3. nyAyamaMjarI, Ahnika 4, pR0 220-22
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ e O -" 0 176 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa matAnusAra zrotra ke dvArA grAhyamAna guNa zabda hai / yaha mAtra AkAza meM rahatA hai, ataH anitya hai / ataH zabda aura artha meM jo sambandha hai vaha bhI anitya hai / amuka zabda amuka artha kA vAcaka hai, yaha saMketa nizcita hone para hI artha kA bodha hotA hai aura yaha saMketa puruSAdhIna hai / isase bhI zabda artha meM anitya sambandha honA hI siddha hotA hai / 2 vaizeSikoM ne zabda evaM artha meM sAmAyika sambandha mAnA hai jo naiyAyikoM ke anitya sambandha se bhinna nahIM hai / sAMkhya dArzanikoM ne isa sambandha meM apanA koI nizcita mata vyakta nahIM kiyaa| inakA to itanA hI kahanA hai ki zabda anitya hai, ataH tadAzrita artha bhI anitya hai / zabda se hameM jo artha pratIti hotI hai vaha usake vAcyavAcaka bhAvasambandha ke kAraNa hI hotI hai / zabda ( vAcya ) aura artha (vAcaka) hai| isIlie hama vyavahAra meM kahate haiM ki amuka zabda amuka artha kA vAcaka hai / * sAMkhya dArzanikoM ke mata kA bhI sUkSma paryAlocana karane para yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki zabda evaM artha meM anitya sambandha hai / vaise bhI do anitya vastuoM kA sambandha anitya hI hotA hai, yaha lokasiddha satya hai / nitya sambandha isake viparIta mImAMsaka vedAntI evaM vaiyAkAraNoM ne zabda aura artha meM nitya sambandha mAnA hai / anitya sambandha mAnane vAloM ke mata kA sayakti khaNDana karate hue svamata kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| inakA kahanA hai ki yadi zabda aura artha meM anitya sambandha hai to zabda meM artha kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki nyAyAdi mata meM zabda ko anitya mAnA gayA hai / jaba zabda anitya hai, to saMketita zabda to uccAraNoparAnta naSTa ho jAyegA aura naSTa huA zabda artha kA bodhaka ho hI nahIM sktaa| jabaki loka meM zabda se artha-pratIti dekhI jA sakatI hai / ata: zabda ko anitya svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / isIlie zabda aura artha meM autpattika (nitya) sambandha hai / isake matAnusAra zabda nitya hai aura isI artha meM veda nitya haiM / jise hama zabda kI utpatti samajhate haiM, vaha bhI vastutaH zabda kI abhivyakti hai / zabda artha kA bodhaka hai aura zabda evaM artha meM saMjJA-saMjJI sambandha hai / zabda saMjJA aura artha saMjI hai| saMjJA-saMjJI sambandha hone para bhI zabda se artha pratIti nahIM hotI hai, vahA~ jJAnAbhAva ko hI kAraNa mAnanA caahie| jaise -- andhakAra meM rakhI huI vastu yadi jyotiyukta netroM se nahIM dekhI jA sakatI hai to isakA artha vastu kA abhAva nahIM ho sakatA / usI prakAra zabda sunakara usakA artha na jAnA jAye, to isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki zabda aura artha meM koI sambandha nahIM hai, apitu vahA~ sahAyakoM kA abhAva jAnanA caahie| isa prakAra laukika vyavahAra kI dRSTi se bhI inameM nitya sambandha hI siddha hotA hai, anitya nahIM / nitya hone ke kAraNa yaha puruSakRta bhI nahIM hai, apitu apauruSeya hai| inakA vAcya vAcakabhAva sambandha bhI nitya hai / jaise pUrva se hI sthita 1. yotragrAhyo guNa zabdaH / AkAzamAtra vRttiH / 2. jAtivizeSe cAniyamAt / 3. sAmAyika zabdArthapratyayaH / 4. vAcyatvAcakabhAvaH sambandhaH zabdArthayoH / 5. brahmasUtra, 13.8. 28 para zaMkara bhASya / 6. nityAH zabdArthAsambandhA stanAmnAtAmaharSibhiH / sUtrANAmanutantrANAM bhASyANAM praNetRbhiH // 7. autpattikastu zabdasyArthena sambandhastatra jJAnA..... 8. draSTavyabRhatI, pR0 132 prakaraNapaMcikA, zAstrapariccheda, pR0 233. - tarkasaMgraha, pR0 78 prazastapAdabhASya, pR0 666. nyAya darzana, 2257. - vaizeSika sUtra, 7 220. - - sAMkhyasUtra ( vidyottamAbhASya ), pR0 5 / 37. - vAkyapradIpa, brahmakANDa, 23. -mImAMsAdarzana (zAvara) 1.5 .
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ zabda-artha sambandha : jaina dArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM 177 ..................................................................... .... padArtha ko pradIpa-prakAza prakaTa mAtra karatA hai, utpanna nahIM; vaise hI artha ko zabda abhivyakta mAtra karatA hai, utpanna nhiiN| isI ko bhartRhari' ne vedAnta mata kA Azraya lekara isa prakAra kahA ki jaise jJAna ke darzana meM jJAtA AtmA kI carama pariNati jJeya brahma ke rUpa meM hotI hai, vaise hI zabda dvArA artha apane rUpa ko prakaTa karatA hai, utpanna nhiiN| bauddha dArzanikoM kA mata ina donoM matoM se sarvathA bhinna hai| prathamata: to bauddha dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki ina donoM meM koI sambandha hai hI nahIM aura yadi atyanta bhinna pratIta hone vAle ina donoM meM ekatva mAnA gayA to gAya aura ghor3A meM bhI ekatva mAnanA par3egA (jo kisI ko bhI svIkArya nahIM ho sakatA), kyoMki ina donoM (zabda aura artha) meM anvaya aura vyatireka sambandha kA abhAva hai| eka se dUsare kI utpatti hotI hai, yaha bhI nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki mRttikA, daNDa, jala, kumbhakAra, cakrAdi sambandha se (zabda-vyApAra ke binA hI) ghaTotpatti hotI hai, vaise hI zabda bhI bAhya artha ke na rahane para vaktA kI icchA mAtra se tAlu, kaNThAdi ke vyApAra se hI utpanna hotA hai| isake atirikta zabda vaktA ke muMha meM rahatA hai jabaki artha (vastu) kI sthiti bAhya hai| isalie inameM kisI prakAra kA sambandha nahIM ho sktaa| sambandha to do sambaddha vastuoM meM hI sambhava hai| yahA~ yaha AzaMkA ho sakatI hai ki phira loka meM vastu kI pratIti kaise hotI hai ? isake samAdhAna meM bauddha dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki vastu kI pratIta to apoha se hotI hai, na ki zabda aura artha ke kisI sambandha vizeSa se / apoha kA artha hai niSedha / yaha do prakAra kA hai-paryudAsa aura prasajyapratiSedha / inake bhI punaH bheda-prabheda haiN|' jaina mata jaina dArzanikoM kA dRSTikoNa sadaiva samanvayAtmaka rahA hai jisake mUla meM unakA anekAnta kA siddhAnta hai| anya matoM ke samAna inake mata meM doSoM kI udbhAvanA kI sambhAvanA nahIM rahatI hai| vivecanA kA tarIkA hI inakA nirAlA hai / zabda-artha ke sambandha meM inakA kahanA hai ki nizcita rUpa se hama yaha nahIM kaha sakate haiM ki inameM nitya sambandha hI hai athavA anitya sambandha hI hai aura na hI yaha kaha sakate haiM ki artha-pratIti apoha athavA anyApoha ke mAdhyama se hotI hai| __ye naiyAyikoM ke samAna zabda aura artha ke bIca tadutpatti arthAt janya-janakabhAva sambandha nahIM mAnate / inakA kahanA hai ki svArtha (arthabhUtavastu) kI sattA na rahane para bhI zabda vidyamAna rahatA hai| kyoMki kabhI-kabhI hama eka artha (vastu) ko kisI anya hI zabda se sambodhita karate haiM / sattAzUnya padArthoM ko bhI zabda dvArA ghoSita karanA sambhava hotA hai, usI taraha artha ko bhI zabda dvaaraa| na hI ye mImAMsakoM ke samAna zabda aura artha ke bIca tAdAtmya athavA nitya sambandha svIkAra karate haiN| inakA kahanA hai ki yadi inameM nitya sambandha hotA to zabda aura artha meM pRthaktva nahIM honA cAhie, jabaki loka-vyavahAra 1. AtmarUpaM yathA jJAne jJa yarUpaM ca dRzyate / artharUpaM tathA zabde svarUpaM ca prakAzate // -vAkyapradIpa, brahmakANDa, kArikA, 50. prasajyapratiSedhazca gauragaurna bhavatyayam / ativispaSTaM evAyamanyApoho'vagamyate // ........"dvividho'pohaH paryudAsa niSedhataH / dvividhaH paryudAso'pi buddhayAtmArthAtmavedataH / / -tattvasaMgraha 3. arthAsannidhibhAvena taddRSTAvanyathoktitaH / anyAbhAvaniyogAcca na tadutpattirapyalam / -zAstravArtAsamuccaya, kA0 646.
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 178 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa ....... .................................................................. meM kahIM para bhI aikA dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| punazca yadi zabda aura artha meM tAdAtmya sambandha hotA to zastrAdi ke uccAraNa mAtra se hI uccAraNa karane vAle vyakti kA mukha kaTa jAnA cAhie, lekina loka meM aisA nahIM hotaa| zabda se artha kI pratIti saMketa-siddha hai, svayaM-siddha nhiiN|' yadi kahA jAya ki saMketa ke dvArA vyakta hone para hI nitya sambandha zabdArtha kA prakAzaka hai, to yaha nitya sambandha bhI vyaktAvyakta bheda se do prakAra kA hogA / saMketa ke puruSAdhIna hone ke kAraNa vairItya bhI sambhava hai, aisI sthiti meM vedAprAmANya ho jaayegaa| isake atirikta yaha isalie bhI sambhava nahIM hai ki artha-pratIti sarvadA, sarvakAlika nahIM hotI hai / ghaTAdirUpa arthoM kI anityatA pratyakSataH siddha hI hai / 2 anyApoha athavA apoha kI avadhAraNA ko jaina dArzanika hI asvIkAra nahIM karate haiM apitu naiyAyika, mImAMsaka, vedAntI Adi bhI isakA khaNDana karate haiN| inakA kahanA hai ki niSedhamukha se padArtha-pratIti sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki niSedhArthaka pravRtti vivyarthaka se hI sambhava hai, jise bauddha mata meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta anya ke abhAva se svArtha (jisa vastu kA jo artha hai) kI pratIti sambhava bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki "gau" kahane para "agau" kI aura "agau" kahane para "gau" kI pratIti prathamataH honI cAhie, vaha hotI nhiiN| phira bhI yaha kahanA ki gau kahane para prathamataH agau kI pratIti hotI hai, ucita nahIM hai kyoMki loka meM aisA pratyakSa rUpa meM hotA nahIM, varan gau kahane para zrotA ko gau kA hI zravaNa hotA hai, na ki agau kA aura tadanantara gau rUpa artha kI hI pratIti hotI hai| isalie anyApoha zabda kA artha siddha nahIM hotaa| apoha ke bheda mAnanA bhI yukta nahIM hai kyoMki yathArtha vastu meM hI nAnA vikalpoM kI pratIti hotI hai| yadi abhAva meM bhI bheda mAneMge to apoha vastu hone kI Apatti AyegI / . uparyukta vivecana se yaha saSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina dArzanikoM ko na to nitya sambandha iSTa hai aura na hI anitya, tathA bauddhAbhimata apoha bhI svIkArya nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM zabda se artha (vastu) kA bodha kaise hogA ? isake samAdhAna meM jaina dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki zabda apanI svAbhAvika yogyatA aura (puruSakRta) saMketa se vastu kA jJAna karAne meM kAraNa hai| zabda aura artha kI sahaja svAbhAvika yogyatA pratipAdya-pratipAdaka zakti hai, jo jJAna aura jJeya ko jJApya-jJApaka zakti ke tulya hai isalie yogyatA se anya kArya-kAraNa bhAvAdi sambandha sambhava nahIM ho sakate haiN| haribhadrasUri kA kahanA hai ki zabda tathA usake artha ke bIca tAdAtmyAdi sambandha meM jo doSa batalAye gaye haiM; ve hamAre mata para lAgU nahIM hote haiM kyoMki ukta prakAra kI kalpanA hameM abhISTa nahIM hai tathA hamAre matAnusAra zabdoM 1. na tAdAtmyaM dvayAbhAvaprasaMgAd buddhibhedataH / zastraudyuktau mukhacchedAdisaMgAt smysthiteH|| -zAstravArtAsamuccaya, 645. 2. vistArArtha draSTavya-nyAyavinizcayavivaraNam, bhAga 2, pR0 320-25; prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR0 404-27. 3. vistArArtha draSTavya-pImAMsAzlokavAtika, amohavAda ; nyAyamaMjarI, bhAga-2, Ahnika-5, pR0 276-76; prameyakamala-mArtaNDa, 3/101, pR0 431-46; prameyaratnamAlA, 3/97, pR0 234-40. 4. sahajayogyatA saMketavazAddhi zabdAdayaH vastupratipattihetavaH / -prameyakamalamArtaNDa, 3.100; -prameyaralamAlA, 3.66 5. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, 3 / 100, pR0428.
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ zabda-artha sambandha : jaina dArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM 179 ...... ........ .. .. ........ ...... ..... aura arthoM ke bIca bheda kA kAraNa kAraNabheda huA karatA hai| yathA striyoM meM vandhyAvadhyAdi kA bheda kAraNabheda se huA karatA hai, usI prakAra zabdoM meM satya mithyAdi kA bheda kAraNabheda se hotA hai|' eka zabda kI vizeSatA (arthAt yaha zabda satya hai athavA mithyA) hama zabda ke svarUpa kA vizleSaNa Adi karake jAna sakate haiM / jaise pramANa-bhUta jJAna kI pramANatA tathA apramANabhUta jJAna kI apramANatA hama jJAna ke svarUpa kA vizleSaNAdi karake jAnate haiN| hamArI yaha mAnyatA satya hai, kyoMki yaha lokAnubhavasiddha hai| isake atirikta amuka zabda amuka artha kA dyotaka hai, isa prakAra kA jJAna kisI vyakti ko karAne kI AvazyakatA taba hotI hai jaba usa vyakti ke jJAnAvaraNa karmoM kA kSayopazama na huA ho, jahA~ taka yogiyoM ke jJAna kA prazna hai, unako ukta jJAna kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI hai| mallisena ke matAnusAra zabda aura artha meM kathaMcit tAdAtmya-sambandha hai / kathaMcit tAdAtmya sambandha se yaha anekAntavAda kA siddhAnta nihita hai / vaise bhI ye zabda ko nityAnityAtmaka mAnate haiM, jisase bhI zabda aura artha meM nityAnityAtmaka sambandha honA hI siddha hotA hai| -zAstravArtAsamuccaya, 658-56 anabhyupagamAcceha tAdAtmyAdisamudbhavAH / na doSo no na cAnye'pi tad bhedAt hetu bhedataH / / vandhyetarAdiko bhedau rAmAdInAM yathaiva hi / mRSAsatyAdizabdAnAM tadvat taddhatu bhedataH / / 2. jJAyate tadvizeSastu pramANetarayorapi / svarUpAlocanAdibhyastathA darzanato bhuvi / / samayAkSepaNaM ceha tatkSayopazamaM vinaa| tatkartRtvena saphalaM yoginAM tu na vidyate / -zAstravArtAsamuccaya, pR0 662-63. 3. zabdArthayoH kathaMcit tAdAtmyAbhyupagamAt / -syAdvAdamaMjarI, pR0 128