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________________ satrahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarapradeza ke katipaya viziSTa jaina vyApArI DaoN. umAnAtha zrIvAstava jaina samAja ke sadasyoM dvArA dhArmika-mAnyatA 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH' ke siddhAnta kA pAlana vyApAra ke kSetra meM bhI kiyA jAtA rahA hai / ye loga kucha usI prakAra kA vyApAra athavA vyavasAya karate haiM, jisameM hiMsA na ho / ataH lakar3I kATane, machalI mArane yA usase sambandhita vyavasAya, zahada (madhu) kA vyApAra, khetI karanA Adi inake hetu varjita haiM, kyoMki inase jIva-hiMsA hone kI saMbhAvanA banI rahatI hai| isalie ye kucha khAsa prakAra ke hI vyApAra athavA vyavasAya karate haiN| satrahavIM zatAbdI kA samaya bhAratavarSa ke vyApArika itihAsa meM caramotkarSa kA kAla thaa| usa samaya mugala sAmrAjya kA rAjanItika vistAra kAbula se baMgAla kI khAr3I taka tathA kazmIra se sudUra dakSiNa taka ho gayA thA / mahAn mugala-samrATa akabara ne rAjanItika sthiratA ke sAtha hI jIvana tathA sampatti kI surakSA bhI pradAna kI tathA bhAratIya vyApAra aura vyavasAya ko unnati pradAna karane ke lie samucita vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa bhI kiyA thaa| aise upayukta samaya meM bhAratavarSa ke jainoM, vizeSakara gujarAtI tathA rAjasthAnI jainoM ne isa avasara kA lAbha uThAkara vyApArika pragati kii| mugalavaMza ke saMsthApaka bAbara ne AgarA (u0 pra0) ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA thA / use zAsana-vyavasthA ko sudRr3ha karane ke lie paryApta avasara nahIM milA, isI prakAra humAyUM kA bhI pUrA jIvana apane zatruoM ke viruddha yuddha karane meM hI samApta ho gyaa| ataH rAjadhAnI AgarA kI vyApArika evaM rAjanItika unnati nahIM ho skii| mahAna mugala samrATa akabara ne AgarA ko vizAla bhavanoM Adi se susajjita kara eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna kA darjA pradAna kiyaa| rAjadhAnI hone ke kAraNa AgarA ko vyApArika pradhAnatA bhI milI / deza bhara ke mahattvAkAMkSI vyApArI aura vyavasAyI 1. DaoN. surendragopAla 'satrahavIM satAbdI meM bihAra meM jaina' prosIDiMgsa bhAratIya itihAsa ____kAMgresa kA taitIsavA~ adhivezana (1972) pR0 320 / 2. vahI, pR0 320 / parisaMvAda
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________________ 108 jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana AgarA Akara vyApAra karane lge| AgarA kI vyApArika evaM rAjanItika mahattA ko dekhate hue aMgrejoM ne apanI vyApArika kampanI kI eka zAkhA jahA~gIra ke zAsana kAla ke prathama dazaka meM hI yahA~ sthApita kara dI thii| jaina srotoM se yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki akabara, jahA~gIra aura zAhajahA~ ke zAsana-kAla taka AgarA kI vyApArika pradhAnatA banI rhii| akabara tathA jahA~gIra ke samakAlIna jaina muni siddhicaMda ne likhA hai-"yaha nagara yamunA nadI ke kinAre basA huA hai| dhanI vyApArI aura dukAnadAra yahA~ nivAsa karate haiM / bAhara se bhI vyApArI yahA~ Ate haiM tathA kharIda-vikrI karate haiM, hAthI, ghor3e, pakSI, hIre, javAharAta, dAsa, kapar3e, mIThe phala, sabjI Adi kA ucca stara para yahA~ vyApAra hotA hai| satrahavIM zatAbdI ke mahAn jaina kavi banArasIdAsa ne bhI apane Atmacaritra "ardhakathAnaka' meM AgarA kI vyApArika evaM rAjanItika pradhAnatA kA varNana kiyA hai| samrATa akabara jainoM ke 'ahiMsA' ke siddhAnta se prabhAvita huA thA / ataH usane jainoM ke kucha mahattvapUrNa parvo para mugala sAmrAjya meM jIvahiMsA para pratibaMdha lagA diyA thaa| isa saMdarbha meM usane kaI pharmAna jArI kiye the|4 samrATa jahA~gIra ne samrATa banane para ina rAjyAjJAoM ko punaH jArI nahIM kiyA / ataH AgarA ke pramukha jainoM ne 1610 I0 meM prasiddha tapAgacchAcArya zrIvijayasena sUri ko gujarAta meM isa saMdarbha meM prayAsa karane ke lie eka vijJapti patra bhejaa|" zrI sUri asvasthatA ke kAraNa nahIM jA sake, lekina unhoMne apane do pramukha ziSyoM, vivekaharSa aura udayaharSa ko jahA~gIra ke darabAra meM AgarA bhejA thaa| rAjA rAmadAsa ke prayAsa se samrATa jahA~gIra ne uparyukta rAjAjJAoM ko punaH jArI kiyaa| isa vijJapti patra ko kalAtmaka rIti se taiyAra kiyA gayA thA, jise darabArI citrakAra zAlivAhana ne citrita kiyA thA / isameM rAjadarabAra aura jainoM ke sAmAjika evaM dhArmika jIvana kA sundara citraNa kiyA gayA thaa| 3. siddhicanda upAdhyAya, bhAnucandragaNicaritram mohanadAsa dalIcanda desAI (saMpA0) (kalakattA, ____ siMghI jaina granthamAlA 1941) ugrasenapuravarNanam pR0 3 / 4. mahAvIra prasAda dvivedI 'hIravijayasUri' sarasvatI (jUna 1912) / 5. vistAra ke lie DaoN0 hIrAnanda zAstrI prAcIna vijJapti patra (bar3audA rAjya presa, 1942) pR0 19-42 / 6. ena0 sI0 mehatA, sTaDIja ina iMDiyana penTiga (bambaI, 1926) pR0 69 / parisaMvAda 4
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________________ satrahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarapradeza ke katipaya viziSTa jaina vyApArI 109 isa prakAra isa vijJapti patra se jenoM kI rAjanItika evaM dhArmika sthiti para prakAza par3atA hai| sAtha hI isase jahA~gIrakAlIna AgarA ke kucha pramukha jaina seThasAhUkAroM ke nAma bhI prakAza meM Ate haiN| isase satrahavIM zatAbdI ke jaina vyApAriyoM ke bAre meM jAnakArI bhI prApta hotI hai / 17vIM zatAbdI ke aMgrejI IsTa iMDiyA kaMpanI ke dastAvejoM meM ina vyApAriyoM ke saMbaMdha meM mahattvapUrNa sUcanAyeM prApta hotI haiM / uparyukta srotoM ke AdhAra para satrahavIM zatAbdI ke AgarA ke kucha pramukha jaina vyApAriyoM kA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai : 1. hIrAnaMda mukIma samrATa akabara ke zAsana ke aMtima varSoM tathA jahA~gIra ke zAsana kAla ke prAraMbha meM AgarA ke seTha hIrAnaMda zAha atyanta dharmAtmA evaM dhanavAn vyakti the / inakI jAti osavAla thii| ye hIre-javAharAta kA vyApAra karate the tathA akabara ke samaya meM zAhajAdA salIma ke kRpApAtra jauharI the / akabara kI mRtyu ke pazcAt bhI ye jahA~gIra ke kRpApAtra jauharI bane rahe / saMbhavataH inako javAharAta kI mukImI kA pada milA thA / inake pitA kA nAma sAha kAnhar3a tathA mAtA kA nAma bhAmanIbahU thA / " inake putra kA nAma zAha nihAlacaMda thA / inhoMne 1604 I0 meM sammedazikhara tIrtha ke lie saMghayAtrA kI thii| saMgha ke sAtha hIrAnanda seTha ke aneka hAthI, ghor3e, paidala tathA tupakadAra the / zAha hIrAnanda kI ora se pUre saMgha ko pratidina bhoja diyA jAtA thA / saMgha lagabhaga eka varSa taka yAtrA karane ke pazcAt vApasa AyA / isa dhArmika kArya se zAha hIrAnaMda mukIma kI Arthika sthiti kA AbhAsa milatA hai / samrAT akabara kI mRtyu (1605 ) ke pazcAt jaba jahA~gIra samrAT banA, taba bhI zAha hIrAnaMda unake vyaktigata jauharI aura kRpApAtra bane rahe / san 1610 I0 meM zAha hIrAnaMda ne samrATa jahA~gIra ko apane ghara AmaMtrita kiyA, apanI havelI kI bhArI sajAvaTa kI, samrATa ko bahuta mUlyavAn upahAra diyA aura usako tathA darabAriyoM ko zAnadAra 7. banArasIdAsa, banArasI vilAsa ardhakathAnaka samIkSA sahita, nAthUrAma premI (saMpA0 ) (bambaI, jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya 1905) pR0 49 / 8. pUranacanda nAhara saMka0 jainalekha saMgraha dvitIya bhAga (kalakattA 1927) lekhAMka 1451 / agaracanda nAhaTA 'zAha hIrAnanda tIrthayAtrA vivaraNa aura sammetazikhara caitya paripATI' anekAnta ( maI 1957) pR0 300 / 9. parisaMvAda- 4
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________________ 110 janavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana dAvata dii| isa prakAra, zAha hIrAnanda mukIma na kevala eka dhanI vyApArI aura dhArmika vyakti the, balki samrAT jahA~gIra ke kRpApAtra bhI the| inake putra zAha nihAlacandra bhI saMbhavataH hIre-javAharAta kA hI vyApAra karate the / yaha bhI eka dhArmika vyakti the| san 1611 I0 meM jinacandrasUri se eka pArzva pratimA pratiSThita karavAI thii|' san 1610 I0 meM AgarA ke jaina saMgha kI ora se tapAgacchAcArya vijayasenasUri ko jo vijJapti patra bhejA gayA thA, usameM vahA~ ke 88 zrAvaka tathA saMghapatiyoM ke hastAkSara the| usa sUcI ke saMghapati nIhAlu hI zAha hIrAnaMda mukIma ke putra nihAlacaMdra the / 12 2. sabalasiMha moThiyA ye nemidAsa (nemA) sAhU ke putra tathA jahA~gIra ke zAsanakAla meM AgarA ke eka ati vaibhavazAlI jaina vyApArI the| inhoMne banArasIdAsa ko (san 1615-16 I. meM) AgarA ke vyApAra meM asaphala ho jAne para sAjhe meM narottamadAsa jaina ke sAtha vyApAra karane ke liye pUrva kI ora-paTanA, banArasa, jaunapura Adi nagaroM kI ora bhejA thA, kyoMki vahA~ bhI usa samaya acchI vyApArika maNDiyA~ thiiN| saMbhavataH sabalasiMha moThiyA ne ina vyApAriyoM, banArasIdAsa evaM narottamadAsa ko Arthika sahAyatA pradAna kI hogI tathA yaha bhI AbhAsa milatA hai ki sabalasiMha moThiyA kI ukta nagaroM meM bhI vyApArika zAkhAyeM rahI hogI jahA~ banArasIdAsa evaM narottamadAsa unake pratinidhi ke rUpa meM gaye hoMge / ina logoM ko vahA~ vyApArika saphalatA milI thii| yadyapi narottamadAsa vApasa AgarA A gaye the, lekina banArasIdAsa pitA kI bImArI ke kAraNa AgarA vApasa nahIM A sake the / narottamadAsa kA lekhA (sAjhe kA hisAba) sApha ho gayA thA lekina banArasIdAsa kI anupasthiti ke kAraNa aisA nahIM ho sakA / banArasIdAsa ko sabalasiMha ne isa saMdarbha meM eka patra bhejA thA ki AgarA Akara apanA hisAba sApha kara lo, bAda meM banArasIdAsa ke AgarA Ane para kAphI 10. jyotiprasAda jaina, pramukha aitihAsika jana puruSa aura mahilAeM (kAzI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakA0, 1975) pR0 290 / 11. vahI, pR0 290 / 12. DaoN0 hIrAnanda zAstrI, prAcIna vijJapti patra (bar3audA, rAjya presa, 1942) pR0 25 / 13. banArasIdAsa' banArasI vilAsa, ardhakathAnaka kI samIkSA sahita, nAthUrAma premI (saMpA0) (bambaI, jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya prakA0 1905) pR0 75 / parisaMvAda 4
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________________ satrahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarapradeza ke katipaya viziSTa jaina vyApArI parezAniyoM ke bAda unakA hisAba sApha ho sakA thaa| cU~ki isa saMdarbha meM banArasIdAsa ko sabalasiMha moThiyA kI havelI para kaI bAra jAnA par3A thA, isalie banArasIdAsa ne unakI havelI evaM darabAra ke zAnazaukata kA vizeSa ullekha kiyA hai / 14 ve likhate haiM ki sAhU jI kA darabAra jisa taraha se susajjita thA, usa taraha unhoMne isake pUrva nahIM dekhA thaa| sAhU jI takiye ke sahAre par3e haiM, baMdIjana virada par3ha rahe hai, nRtyAMganAe~ nRtya kara rahI haiM, bhAr3a bhI masta haiM tathA seTha jI ke sevaka bhI magana haiM / " isa prakAra banArasIdAsa ke vivaraNa se patA calatA hai ki seTha sabalasiMha moThiyA usa samaya ke eka ativaibhavazAlI seTha ( sAhUkAra ) the / isake hI sAtha vaha eka aise mahAjana the, jo sAjhedAroM ko vyApAra karane ke lie Arthika sahAyatA bhI pradAna karate the, arthAt vaha rupaye ke lena-dena kA bhI kArya karate the / yadyapi inake dvArA kiyA gayA koI dhArmika kArya kA ullekha nahIM milatA tathApi 1610 I. meM AgarA ke jaina saMgha kI ora se tapAgacchAcArya vijayasenasUri ko jo vijJapti patra bhejA gayA thA, usameM saMghapati sabala hI sabalasiMha jAna par3ate haiM / 3. varddhamAna ku~vara jI varddhamAna kuMvara jI AgarA nagara ke nivAsI tathA saMghapati kI upAdhi se vibhUSita the / ye dalAlI kA kAma karate the / " eka vyApArI hone ke sAtha hI yaha dhArmika vyakti bhI the / san 1618 I. meM banArasIdAsa Adi ke sAtha inhoMne ahicchatrA (barelI) evaM hastinApura (meraTha) Adi jaina tIrthoM ko yAtrA kI thI / "" san 1610 I. ke AgarA vijJapti patra meM inakA bhI nAma hai / " 4. sAha bandIdAsa AgarA nagara ke nivAsI the tathA javAharAta kA vyApAra karate the / inake pitA kA nAma dUlahasAha thA / inake bar3e bhAI uttamacaMda jauharI bhI AgarA meM nivAsa karate hue javAharAta kA vyApAra karate the / sAha baMdIdAsa jaina kavi banArasIdAsa ke bahanoI the tathA motIkaTarA muhalle meM rahakara motI Adi javAharAtoM kA vyApAra karate the / 20 ' san 1611 I. meM banArasIdAsa kapar3A, javAharAta, tela, ghI Adi vastuoM ko 15. vahI, pR. 82 / 16. prAcIna vijJapti patra pR. 25 / 14. vahI, pR. 82 / 17. pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAyeM, pU. 291 / 18. vahI, pR. 291 / 19. DaoN0 hIrAnaMda zAstrI, prAcIna vijJapti patra, pR. 25 / 20. banArasIdAsa, banArasIvilAsa ardhakathAnaka kI samIkSA sahita, pR. 57 / 111 parisaMvAda-4
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________________ 112 jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana lekara vyApAra karane ke lie AgarA gaye the, isa samaya sAha baMdIdAsa kI sahAyatA se inako motIkaTare meM kirAye para eka makAna mila sakA thA / 21 AgarA-vijJapti - patra meM inake nAma kA bhI ullekha hai / 22 5. tArAcandra sAhU ye AgarA ke dhanI zrAvaka evaM vyApArI the / 23 inake anuja kalyANamala the, jo kherAbAda (sItApura) ke nivAsI evaM dhanI vyApArI the / usa samaya kherAbAdI kapar3oM kI kAphI mA~ga thI / saMbhavataH kalyANamala jI kapar3oM kA hI vyApAra karate the, inake bar3e bhAI vyApAra ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue rAjadhAnI AgarA meM jA base the / seTha kalyANamala kI putrI ke sAtha kavivara banArasIdAsa kA vivAha huA thA / 24 tArAcaMdra sAhU ne banArasIdAsa ko, jaba ve vyApAra meM asaphala rahe the, AgarA meM lagabhaga 2 mahIne taka apane ghara meM rakhA thA / inhIM ke yahA~ rahakara banArasIdAsa ne dharamadAsa jauharI ke sAtha sAjhe meM vyApAra karanA zuru kiyA thA / 25 san 1610 ke AgarA vijJapti patra meM inakA nAma aMkita hai / 6. kharagasena / kharagasena ke pitA kA nAma mUladAsa thA / san 1551 I0 meM ye naravara (gvAliyara) ke mugala umarAva ke vyaktigata modI the unakI mRtyu ke bAda kharagasena apanI mAtA ke sAtha apane nanihAla (jaunapura) meM Akara rahane lage / inake nAnA madanasiMha cinAliyA jaunapura ke nAmI jauharI the / cU~ki madanasiMha ke koI putra nahIM thA, isalie unhoMne kharagasena ko putra kI taraha sneha diyA tathA vyApAra karane ke lie protsAhita kiyA / isI saMdarbha meM kharagasena jI ne baMgAla ke paThAna sulatAna ke rAjya meM dIvAna dhannArAya ke adhIna cAra paraganoM kI potadArI kii| unakI mRtyu ke pazcAt Apa jaunapura lauTa Aye / san 1569 I. meM inhoMne AgarA Akara sundaradAsa pItiyA nAmaka vyApArI ke sAtha sAjhe meM vyApAra kiyA / 27 isameM Apako kAphI Aya huI / 21. vahI, pR. 57 / 22. DaoN. hIrAnaMda zAstrI, prAcIna vijJapti patra, pR. 25 / 23. banArasIdAsa, banArasI vilAsa arddhakathAnaka kI samIkSA sahita, pR. 62 / 25. vahI, pR. 63 // 24. vahI, pR. 34 / 26. prAcIna vijJapti patra, pR. 25 / 27. banArasIvilAsa arddhakathAnaka kI samIkSA sahita, pR. 31 1 parisaMvAda -4
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________________ satrahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarapradeza ke katipaya viziSTa jaina vyApArI 113 isI samaya kharagasena kA vivAha meraTha nagara ke sUradAsa jI zrImAla kI kanyA ke sAtha huA / san 1576 I0 meM kharagasena ne AgarA nagara, vipula dhana kA adhikArI hokara, chor3a diyaa| jaunapura Akara Apa vahA~ ke prasiddha dhanika lAlA rAmadAsa jI agravAla ke sAtha sAjhe meM javAharAta kA vyApAra karane lge|28 inhoMne apanI putriyoM kA vivAha AgarA evaM paTanA meM dhanI vyApAriyoM ke sAtha kiyA / kucha samaya taka kharagasena ilAhAbAda nagara meM zAhajAdA daniyAla ke sUbedArI meM, javAharAta ke lena-dena kA vyApAra karate rahe / zAhajAdA daniyAla dvArA vyaktigata javAharAta kI mA~goM ko ye hI pUrA karate the / 29 kharagasena apane jIvana ke aMtima samaya taka jaunapura meM hI rahakara javAharAta kA vyApAra karate rhe| san 1617 I. meM bImArI ke pazcAt jaunapura meM inakA nidhana ho gyaa| 7. banArasIdAsa kavivara banArasIdAsa kharagasena jauharI ke ekamAtra putra the| adhika lAr3a pyAra ke kAraNa banArasIdAsa apane paitRka vyavasAya meM barAbara asaphala hote rhe| inhoMne kaI bAra bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM para vyApAra kiyA, lekina durbhAgyavaza saphalatA nahIM milii| sabalasiMha moThiyA ne pUrva kI ora banArasa, jaunapura, paTanA, Adi sthAnoM para vyApAra ke lie inako bhejA thA, lekina usameM bhI lAbha nahIM milaa| vyApArI hone ke sAtha hI Apa eka kavi bhI the| inhoMne apanI AtmakathA likhI hai, jisameM apane jIvana ke pacapana varSoM kI ghaTanA ko lipibaddha kiyA hai, isIlie usakA nAma "ardha kathAnaka' rakhA / isameM unhoMne 1586 I0 se 1641 I. taka kI ghaTanAoM kA varNana kiyA hai| saMbhavataH hindI bhASA kA yaha prathama Atmacaritra hai| kavi hone ke sAtha hI Apa eka vyavahAra kuzala vyakti bhI the| jaunapura ke adhikArI cinakalIca khA~ se ApakI mitratA thI, usako inhoMne "zrutibodha' Adi graMtha par3hAye the|30 banArasIdAsa ke Atmacaritra "ardha kathAnaka" se patA calatA hai ki satrahavIM zatAbdI meM na kevala uttarapradeza meM, balki bihAra aura baMgAla meM zrImAla, osavAla, agravAla Adi jAtiyoM ke jaina vyApArI nivAsa karate the tathA unakI samAja evaM zAsana meM pratiSThA thI / samrAToM, sUbedAroM evaM anya padAdhikAriyoM se inakA vizeSa sambandha banA rahatA thA / adhikAMza jaina vyApArI suzikSita hote the tathA saralatApUrvaka dUsare rAjyoM kI bhASAoM ko sIkha lete the| 28. vahI, pR. 31 / 29. vahI, pR. 39 / 30. DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina, pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAyeM, pR. 292 / parisaMvAda-4
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________________ 114 jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana 8. dharamadAsa jauharI ye AgarA-nivAsI jaina vyApArI the| inake pitA kA nAma amarasI thaa| saMbhavataH ye gujarAta ke mUla nivAsI jAna par3ate haiM, kadAcit vyApAra ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue AgarA A base the / 1 dharamadAsa bure vyasanoM se grasta thA, isIlie isake pitA amarasI ne isako banArasIdAsa kA vyApArika sAjhIdAra banA diyA thaa| isa saMdarbha meM amarasI ne dharamadAsa jauharI ko 500 mudrAyeM dI thiiN| isa prakAra banArasIdAsa aura dharamadAsa jauharI ne motI, mANika, maNi, cUnA Adi vastuoM ko kharIdane evaM acche dAmoM meM becane kA vyApAra kiyA jisameM inako lAbha bhI milA thA / 32 9. saMghapati candU ye AgarA nagara ke eka dhanI jaina the| saMghapati, jaina samAja kI eka viziSTa upAdhi hotI thii| dhanI evaM vyApArI hone ke sAtha hI sAtha Apa eka dhArmika vyakti bhI the| san 1610 I. ke AgarA-saMgha ke vijJaptipatra, jo zrIvijayasena sUri ko bhejA gayA thA, meM sUri jI se saMghapati candU dvArA nirmita navIna jina caitya kI pratiSThA hetu padhArane hetu namra prArthanA kI gaI thii|33 10. tihunA sAhu ye satrahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha ke eka dhanI jaina vyApArI the| inakI jAti agravAla thii| inhoMne AgarA meM eka vizAla jinamaMdira banavAyA thA / 4 AgarA ke tihunA sAhU ke isI maMdira meM rUpacandra nAma ke guNI vidvAn 1635 I. meM Akara Thahare the| inake pAMDitya kI prazaMsA sunakara banArasIdAsa ko maNDalI ke sabhI adhyAtmapremI unase jAkara mile aura vinayapUrvaka unase "gommaTasAra" kA pravacana karAyA thaa| 31. banArasIdAsa', banArasIvilAsa arddhakathAnaka samIkSA sahita, pR. 63 / / 32. vahI, pR. 63 / 33. bha~varalAla nAhaTA, udayapura kA sacitra vijJaptipatra, nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA 1952, aMka 2-3 / 34. balabhadra jaina, saMpA., bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha prathama bhAga bambaI, bhAratavarSIya di0 jaina tIrtha kSetra kameTI prakAzana, 1975, pR. 60 / 35. pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAyeM, pR. 292 / parisaMvAda 4
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________________ 115 satrahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarapradeza ke katipaya viziSTa jaina vyApArI 11. jAdUsAha .. ye AgarA ke rahane vAle dhanI jaina vyApArI tathA aMgrejI IsTa iNDiyA kampanI ke dalAla the / aMgrejoM ne inako AgarA ke darabAra se sambandhita vyApArika kAryoM ko nipaTAne ke lie rakhA thaa| inhoMne isa sandarbha meM AgarA meM eka makAna bAraha sau mudrAoM meM kharIdA thA / vyApAra ke uddezya se inako sUrata, ahamadAbAda, burahAnapura Adi sthAnoM kI yAtrA karanI par3atI thii| rupayoM ke lena-dena ko lekara aMgrejoM kA inase sambandha kharAba ho gayA thA, isalie inako dalAlI ke kArya se mukta kara diyA gayA thaa| ye mahAjanI kA bhI kArya karate the| inake dvArA kiye kisI dhArmika kArya kA ullekha nahIM milatA, lekina san 1610 I. ke AgarA saMgha dvArA bheje gaye vijJapti-patra meM inakA nAma AyA hai|39 12. kalyANa sAha ye AgarA ke rahane vAle dhanI jaina vyApArI the tathA mahAjanI kA kArya karate the| ye aMgrejoM tathA anya vyApAriyoM ko byAja para Arthika sahAyatA karate the| isa kArya hetu inhoMne AgarA ke atirikta anya kaI nagaroM meM apane pratinidhi niyukta kiye the| paTanA meM bhI isI taraha kA pratinidhi rahatA thA / 41 ina logoM ko sAha yA sAha ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thaa| sarrApha ke rUpa meM bhI kalyANa sAha prasiddha the| sarrAphoM meM usa samaya kAphI ekatA thii| sabhI loga niyojita DhaMga se kArya karate the, yahI kAraNa thA ki ina logoM kA vyApAra pUre deza meM abAdha gati se sampanna hotA thA / san 1610 I. ke vijJaptipatra meM inakA nAma AyA hai / 36. viliyama phosTara 'iMgliza phaikTrIja ina iNDiyA' dvitIya bhAga, 1622-23 (AksaphorDa, 1908) pR. 21 / 37. vahI, pR. 147 / 38. vahI, pR. 147 / 39. prAcIna vijJaptipatra pR. 25 / 40. viliyama phosTa ra 'iMgliza phaikTrIja ina iNDiyA' prathama bhAga, 1618-21 (AksaphorDa, 1906) pR. 247 / 41. vahI, pR. 247 / 42. sarrApha-vibhinna sthAnoM para pracalita mudrAoM ko lenA tathA unako AvazyakatAnusAra dUsarI mudrAoM meM parivartita karanA, yahI kAma sarrApha kA hotA thA arthAt Morey changer. 43. prAcIna vijJaptipatra, pRSTha 25 / parisaMvAda-4
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________________ jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana 13. nAthUsAha ye AgarA ke rahane vAle dhanI jaina mahAjana the / aMgrejoM ke sAtha vyApAra karane ke uddezya se do yA tIna sAla taka sUrata (gujarAta) jAkara rahe / aMgrejoM ne inako sarrApha ke rUpa meM mAnyatA pradAna karake punaH AgarA bheja diyA / san 1619 I. meM ye AgarA meM aMgrejoM ke sarrApha kA kArya karane lage / vyApAra ke sandarbha meM inako gujarAta ke nagaroM ahamadAbAda Adi sthAnoM para bhI jAnA par3atA thaa| aksara ye samrATa ke sAtha aMgrejoM ke pratinidhi ke rUpa meM yAtrA karate the / san 1610 I0 ke vijJaptipatra meM inakA nAma bhI sammilita hai|46 14. bhImajI __ ye AgarA ke rahane vAle dhanI jaina mahAjana (baiMkara) the| inakA ghaniSTha saMbaMdha prasiddha jaina vyApArI vIrajI borA se bhI thaa| inhoMne aMgreja kampanI kI AgarAzAkhA ko 3000 rupaye kA RNa san 1628 I. meM diyA thaa| ye aksara vyApAra ke uddezya se AgarA ke bAhara anya prasiddha vyApArika nagaroM meM bhI jAyA karate the| kucha samaya pazcAt inhoMne aMgrejoM ko RNa para Arthika sahAyatA denA banda kara diyA thA tathA vIrajI borA ke hI samarthaka bane rahe / san 1610 I. ke AgarA ke vijJaptipatra meM inakA nAma sammilita hai|48 15. kAsIdAsa ye sambhavataH AgarA ke hI rahane vAle dhanI jaina vyApArI the| ye, usa samaya ke sabase dhanI jaina vyApArI vIrajI borA, ke pratinidhi (vakIla) ke rUpa meM AgarA rahate the| borA kI vyApArika zAkhAe~ AgarA, burahAnapura, sUrata, golakuNDA Adi sthAnoM para phailI huI thii| kAsIdAsa jI AgarA meM rahakara aMgrejoM ke sAtha vIra jI borA kI ora se sambandha banAye rakhate the tathA dUsarI ora vIra jI borA kI ora se mugala darabAra se bhI maitrIpUrNa sambandha kAyama rakhate the| vyApAra ke sandarbha meM, inako 44. 'iMgliza phaikTrIja ina iMDiyA' prathama bhAga (1618-21) pRSTha 91 / 45. vahI, pRSTha 91 / 46. prAcIna vijJaptipatra, pRSTha 25 / 47. viliyama phosTara, iMgliza phaikTrIja ina iNDiyA, tRtIya bhAga 1624-29 (AksaphorDa, 1909) pRSTha 271 / / 48. prAcIna vijJaptipatra, pRSTha 25 / parisaMvAda-4
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________________ satrahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarapradeza ke katipaya viziSTa jaina vyApArI 117 1630 I. meM bUMdI ke rAjA rAva ratana se bhI milanA par3A thaa| rAjA ke mukhya salAhakAra gaMgArAma se bhI inako saMparka banAnA par3A thA / * san 1610 I. ke AgarA ke vijJaptipatra meM inakA bhI nAma AyA hai|" 16. guruvAsa * ye AgarA ke rahane vAle dhanI jaina vyApArI the| prasiddha aMgrejoM ke dalAla jAdU ke ye sambandhI the52 tathA aMgrejoM ke pratinidhi ke rUpa meM vIra jI borA ke pAsa Ate jAte the| 3 ye eka sampanna mahAjana the tathA RNoM kI vasUlI acchI taraha se karate the| saMbhavataH ye javAharAta kA bhI vyApAra karate the tathA usakI ApUrti karate the|54 17. dhanajI ye digambara-sampradAya ke jaina vyApArI the| AgarA meM rahakara aMgrejI kampanI meM dalAlI kA kAma karate the| aMgreja kampanI ke ImAnadAra dalAla ke rUpa meM prasiddha the| dhanajI kaI bhAratIya bhASAoM ke jJAtA the, ataH aMgrejoM ne inakI sevAyeM prApta kI thii| isa prakAra, dhanajI meM doharI yogyatA thI, jisakA aMgrejoM ko lAbha milatA thA / aMgreja kampanI ke RNoM ko ye vasUla karate the| isa saMdarbha meM inako lAhaura Adi sthAnoM meM jAnA par3atA thaa| Asapha khA~ se inhoMne aMgrejoM kA bakAyA dhana teraha sau rupaye prApta kiyA thA, jisako usane mUMgA kharIdane para diyA thaa|"7 san 1628 I. meM inhoMne aMgrejoM ke lie dalAlI karane se iMkAra kara diyA thA, lekina unake bhASika mArgadarzaka bane rhe|58 san 1658 I0 meM nAgapura ke eka pratimAlekha meM inakA nAma saMghavI dhanajI AyA hai| jisase patA calatA hai ki inhoMne 49, viliyama phosTara, iMgliza phaikTrIja ina iNDiyA caturtha bhAga 1630-33 (AksaphorDa, 1910), pRSTha 90 / 50. vahI, pRSTha 90 / 51. prAcIna vijJaptipatra , pRSTha 25 / 52. iMgliza phaikTroja ina iNDiyA caturtha bhAga, 1630-34, pRSTha 90 / 53. iMgliza phaikTrIja ina iNDiyA, tRtIya bhAga 1624-29, pRSTha 190 / 54. vahI, pRSTha 86 / 55. vahI, pRSTha 34 / 56. vahI, pR. 228 / 57. vahI, pR. 94 / 58. vahI, pR. 40 / / parisaMvAda-4
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________________ 118 jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana apane pitA saMghavI khAMbhA ke sAtha milakara ukta pratimA kI pratiSThA kI thii| bhaTTAraka-sampradAya ke indrabhUSaNa muni ne ukta mUrti kI pratiSThA karAI thii| 18. kuMvarapAla sonapAla ye donoM bhAI prasiddha osavAla jaina vyApArI tathA dhArmika vyakti the| mugala samrATa jahA~gIra ke zAsana kAla (1614 I.) meM inake dvArA kiye gaye dhArmika kAryoM (mUrtipratiSThA, mandira-nirmANa Adi) kI sUcanA AgarA, mirjApura, lakhanaU tathA paTanA ke mUrtilekhoM evaM mandira-prazastiyoM se milatI hai| AgarA ke pArzvanAtha citAmaNi mandira kI prazasti meM inake parivAra tathA anya kAryoM ke bAre meM vistRta jAnakArI milatI hai| isa prazasti kA samaya 1614 I. hai| prazasti se patA calatA hai ki 1614 I. meM AgarA nivAsI kuMvarapAla sonapAla nAmaka bhAiyoM ne vahA~ tIrthakara zrI zreyAMsanAtha jI kA mandira banavAyA thA, jisakI pratiSThA a~calagaccha ke AcArya zrI kalyANasAgara ne karAI thii| isa avasara para mandira-pratiSThA ke sAtha hI 450 anya pratimAoM kI pratiSThA huI thii|61 inameM se kucha pratimAoM ke lekha nAhara jI ne apane lekha saMgraha meM diye haiN| prazasti se unake parivAra ke logoM ke bAre meM prakAza par3atA hai| inake pitA kA nAma RSabhadAsa thA, jo do bhAI the / bhAI kA nAma zAha vemana thaa| RSabhadAsa ke ku~varapAla aura sonapAla do putra the| ina logoM ko rUpacanda, caturbhuja, dhanapAla aura dulIcanda nAmaka cAra putra the|62 zAha vemana ke do putroM, SetasI aura netasI kA nAma prazasti meM hai / ye osavAla jAti ke lor3hA gotra ke antargata Ate the| inakI mAtA kA nAma rekhazrI thA, cUMki RSabhadAsa kA upanAma reSA thA, ataH unakI patnI rekhazrI kahalAI zAha vemana kI strI kA nAma zaktAdevI thaa| kuMvarapAla sonapAla jahA~gIra samrAT dvArA sammAnita the| usane inako sIladAra 59. DaoN. vidyAdhara joharApurakara sampA0 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga cAra (kAzI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 1961) pR. 406 / 60. pUranacanda nAhara, saMka0 jainalekha saMgraha dvitIya bhAga (kalakattA, 1927) lekhAMka 1456 61. banArasIdAsa jaina, kuMvarapAla soNapAla prazasti jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka (khaNDa 2 aMka 1) pR. 26 / 62. lakhanaU ke lekha 1582 meM putra diyA hai lekina paTanA ke lekha 307 meM bhAI likhA hai / donoM lekha eka hI samaya san 1614 I0 ke haiN| nAhara kA lekha saMgraha prathama va dvitIya bhAga dekheN| parisaMvAda-4
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________________ satrahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarapradeza ke katipaya viziSTa jaina vyApArI ke pada para niyukta kiyA thaa| ye donoM bhAI vyApAra kuzala tathA dhArmika kAryoM meM dhana lagAne vAle the| inhoMne tIna bhavanavAlI pauSadhazAlA kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| zatrujaya, AbU, giranAra, sammetazikhara Adi tIrthoM kI saMgha sahita yAtrA karake saMghAdhipati kI upAdhi prApta kI thii|65 inake pAsa pazuoM kA eka samUha thA, jisameM 125 ghor3e, 25 hAthI Adi the| inhoMne do vizAla jina caityoM kA nirmANa karavAyA thA, jinameM U~ce-U~ce citra evaM jhaMDe Adi lage the / 66 anya lekhoM se patA calatA hai ki inhoMne mirjApura meM bhI eka jina mandira banavAyA thA / 67 paTanA meM bhI inake dvArA pratimA-pratiSThA kA ullekha milatA hai|68 sambhavataH ye vyApAra ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue lagabhaga 1615 I. paTanA nagara meM jA base the| yadyapi inakA nAma san 1610 I. ke AgarA saMgha ke vijJaptipatra meM nahIM hai, lekina inake cacere bhAI SetasI va netasI putra zAha vemana ke nAma usameM hai|69 ina logoM ne bhI paTanA meM mUrti-pratiSThA kI thii| ahamadAbAda ke eka lekha se patA calatA hai ki inake putra rUpacaMda kI tIna striyA~ rUpazrI, kobhA tathA kesara apane pati kI mRtyu para 1615 I. meM satI (sAgamana-sahagamana) ho gaI thii| uparyukta tathyoM se kucha bAtoM para prakAza par3atA hai (1) kuMvarapAla sonapAla eka dhanI jaina vyApArI the inako saMghAdhipati kI mahAn upAdhi milI thii| (2) inhoMne AgarA, lakhanaU, mirjApura, paTanA tathA gujarAta Adi rAjyoM kI vyApArika evaM dhArmika yAtrAe~ kI thiiN| AgarA-nivAsI hokara vyApAra hetu paTanA jA base the| 63. 'bhAnucandaNivarita' prastAvanA, pR. 22 / 64. yaha eka prakAra kA vizrAma gRha hotA hai jisameM jaina yAtrI vizrAma karate the / 65. 'kuMvarapAla sonapAla prazasti', pR0 28 / 66. vahI, pR. 28 / 67. pUranacanda nAhara, jaina lekha saMgraha, prathama bhAga (kalakattA, 1918), lekhAMka 433 / 68. vahI, lekhAMka 307, 308, 309 / 69. prAcIna vijJaptipatra pR. 25 / 70. jaina lekha saMgraha, prathama bhAga, lekhAMka 310, 11 / 71. agaracanda nAhaTA, satI prathA aura osavAla samAja osavAla navayuvaka (sitambara 1937) pR. 284 / parisaMvAda-4
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________________ jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana (3) inake parivAra meM bahu vivAha-prathA pracalita thI tathA striyoM ko sasurAla meM nayA nAma diyA jAtA thaa| (4) satI prathA isa samAja meM vidyamAna thii| vizeSa rUpa se osavAla jAti ke jainoM meN| 19. saMghapati abhayarAja evaM jagajIvana ye AgarA ke rahane vAle dhanI agravAla jAti ke jaina the| vyApAra inakA mukhya vyavasAya thaa| saMghapati abhayarAja ne AgarA meM eka vizAla jina mandira banavAyA thA / 72 inako saMghapati kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA gayA thaa| inakI kaI patniyA~ thIM, inameM sabase choTI mohanade se jagajIvana kA janma huA thA / jagajIvana eka sampanna jaina ke sAtha hI sAtha rAjanItika vyakti the| zAhajahA~ ke zAsanakAla meM pA~cahajArI maMsabadAra uvarAva jAphara khA~ ke jagajIvana dIvAna the| usa samaya AgarA ke jainoM meM kucha AdhyAtmika vyakti the usameM jagajIvana bhI the| inhoMne san 1649 I. meM 'banArasIvilAsa' kA saMkalana kiyA thA / 73 20. jagata seTha ke pUrvaja rAya udayacaMda prathama jagata seTha phatahacaMda ke pUrvaja mUlataH ahamadAbAda ke nivAsI the / unameM se padamasI san 1627 I. meM khambhAta jA base / inake do putra the-zrIpati aura amaradatta / saMbhavataH donoM hI joharI kA kArya karate the| zAhajahA~ kI vizeSa kRpAdRSTi amaradatta para huI, vaha inako apane sAtha AgarA le aayaa| AgarA meM amaradatta ko javAharAta kI mukImI kA pada milA, phira yaha pada usake beToM ko milA / inake do putra the-rAya udayacaMda aura kesarIsiMha / hIrAnaMda kI putrI tathA seTha mANikacaMda kI bahana dhanabAI kA vivAha rAya udayacaMda se huaa| inake cAra putra themitrasena, sabhAcaMda, phatahacaMda aura rAyasiMha / phatahacaMda ko unake mAmA mAnikacaMda jo niHsaMtAna the, ne 1700 I. meM goda le liyA / 76 ye usa samaya paTanA meM hI the aura prAyaH vyApAra meM mAnikacaMda kA sahayoga karate the| samrATa pharrukhasiyara ne apane zAsana ke pA~caveM varSa eka pharmAna nikAlakara phatahacaMda ko bhI seTha kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA; isake pUrva mAnikacaMda bhI seTha kI upAdhi prApta kara cuke the| lekina, prathama jagata seTha hone kA gaurava phatahacaMda ko hI milA / 77 72. bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha prathama bhAga, pR. 60 / 73. paramAnaMda zAstrI 'agravAloM kA jaina saMskRti meM yogadAna' anekAnta (agasta 1967) / 74. pArasanAtha siMha, jagataseTha (prayAga, bhAratI bhaMDAra prakA0, 1950) pR0 67 / 75. vahI, pR0 67 / 76. vahI, pR0 67 / 77. vahI, pR0 68 / parisaMvAda-4
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________________ satrahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarapradeza ke katipaya viziSTa jaina vyApArI 121 21. mAnasiMha jauharI ye mUlataH AgarA nivAsI the tathA jainadharma kA pAlana karate hue jauharI kA kArya karate the| inakA samaya auraMgajeba ke zAsana kAla ke antargata AtA hai| kavivara dyAnatarAya ne 1693 I. meM 'dharmavilAsa' nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kI, jisameM unhoMne mAnasiMha jauharI ke AdhyAtmika kAryoM kA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki AgarA meM isa samaya aneka jaina base haiM, jinako dhArmika svatantratA prApta hai tathA auraMgajeba kA zAsana hai, jisake zAsana meM zAnti-vyavasthA banI huI hai / usane Age likhA hai ki usa samaya AgarA aura dillI meM jaina dharmAvalambI dhArmika saMgaThana banAye gaye the, jinameM dhArmika carcA hotI thii| AgarA meM usa samaya mAnasiMha jauharI kI sailI (yA saMgaThana) prasiddha thii| isI prakAra dillI meM sukhAnaMda kI sailI thii|72 22. zAha varddhamAna aura unakA parivAra ye AgarA ke rahane vAle the| jahA~gIra ke zAsanakAla meM sampanna jainoM meM inakI gaNanA kI jAtI thii| inakA mukhya kArya vyApAra thaa| ye osavAla jAti ke guhAr3a gotra ke the| inake kaI putra the-zAha mAnasiMha, rAyasiMha, kanakasena, ugrasena tathA RSabhadAsa / deg inake sabhI putra dhana sampanna vyakti the tathA dhArmika kAryoM para dhana vyaya karate the| ina logoM ne apane pitA ke AdezAnusAra zatrujaya tIrtha para sahasrakUTa tIrtha kSetra kA 1653 I. meM nirmANa krvaayaa| tapAgacchAcArya harivijaya sUri kI paramparA meM zrI vinayavijayamuni ne isakI pratiSThA karavAI thii|1 uparyukta dhArmika kAryoM se inakI sampannatA kA AbhAsa milatA hai| san 1610 I. ke vijJaptipatra meM AgarA saMgha ke zrAvakoM evaM saMghapatiyoM kI sUcI meM ullikhita zAha varddhamAna, inakA hI nAma jAna par3atA hai / 2 78. dyAnatarAya 'dharmavilAsa' (bambaI, jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, 1914) pR0 255 / 79. vahI, pR0 255 / 80. sukha sampatarAya bhaMDArI tathA anya 'osavAla jAti kA itihAsa' (bhAnapurA, indaura, __osavAla hisTrI pabliziMga hAusa, 1934) pR0 137 / 81. vahI, pR0 137 / 82. prAcIna vijJaptipatra, pR0 25 / parisaMvAda 4
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________________ 122 jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana uparyukta jaina vyApAriyoM ke kArya-kalApoM para dRSTipAta karane se nimnAMkita tathyoM para prakAza par3atA hai (1) adhikAMza jaina vyApArI, mahAjanI, sarrApha, dalAlI, javAharAta kA vyApAra, kapar3e kA vyApAra, tela, ghI evaM anya khAdya-sAmagrI kA vyApAra karate the| (2) videzI vyApArI (aMgreja, Daca, purtagAlI Adi) inase vyApAra meM sahayoga evaM sahAyatA lete the, kyoMki satrahavIM zatAbdI meM isa deza ke vyApAra para jainoM kA saphala hastakSepa thA; inake sahayoga ke binA koI videzI vyApArI saphala nahIM ho sakatA thaa| - cUMki jaina vyApArI apane deza kI bhASAoM evaM paramparAoM se paricita the, isalie videzI vyApAriyoM ko inase vizeSa sahAyatA milatI thii| (3) jaina vyApAriyoM kI sampannatA kA anumAna isa bAta se hotA hai ki zAsaka varga bhI AvazyakatA par3ane para unase RNa letA thaa| (4) jaina vyApAriyoM kI prAmANikatA kA Akalana isa bAta se kiyA jA sakatA hai ki dhana kI rakSA aura vinimaya sambandhI aneka mahattvapUrNa padoM para ve zAsakoM dvArA niyukta kiye jAte the| (5) jaina vyApArI bahuta hI vyavahAra kuzala hote the| ina logoM ne athaka parizrama karake na kevala apane deza ke vibhinna sthAnoM para vyApAra kiyA balki videzoM se bhI vyApAra kiyaa| isa sandarbha meM inako tatkAlIna mugala samrAToM kA bhI sahayoga milA / akabara, jahA~gIra evaM zAhajahA~ ina jaina vyApAriyoM evaM sAdhuoM se kAphI prabhAvita the tathA inakA sammAna karate the yadyapi auraMgajeba eka kaTTara zAsaka aura dhArmika asahiSNutA kA poSaka thA tathApi una kaThina paristhitiyoM meM bhI jainoM ne vyavahAra kuzalatA kA paricaya dete hue usase AjJA prApta karake apane dhArmika kRtya kiye, saMgha nikAle aura mandira banavAye / isI prakAra, vyApAra Adi meM mugala samrAToM kA sahayoga prApta karate the| auraMgajeba ke samakAlIna jaina kavi dyAnatarAya ne auraMgajeba ke zAsana kAla kI prazaMsA kI hai tathA likhA hai ki usake kAla meM jainoM ko dhArmika svatantratA milI thii| isase AbhAsa milatA hai ki auraMgajeba ke zAsana kAla meM bhI jainoM para vizeSa dhArmika aMkuza nahIM thaa| yaha isa jAti kI vyavahAra kuzalatA kA paricAyaka hai| parisaMvAda-4
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________________ satrahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarapradeza ke katipaya viziSTa jaina vyApArI 123 (6) jaina samAja meM dhArmika vizvAsa kI jar3eM kAphI gaharI thiiN| usa samaya kisI vyakti kI sampannatA kA anumAna usake dvArA kiye gaye dhArmika kAryoM se lagAyA jAtA thaa| agara kisI vyakti ne tIrtha yAtrA-saMgha nikAlA, to vaha 'saMghavI' yA 'saMghapati', yadi kaI tIrthoM ke lie saMgha nikAlA to 'saMghAdhipati' kahalAtA thaa| ye padaviyA~ jaina samAja meM sampannatA kA paricAyaka thIM tathA unako samAja meM sarvocca sthAna prApta hotA thaa| ina saba kAryoM meM kAphI dhana kharca hotA thaa| prAyaH lagabhaga sabhI jaina vyApAriyoM ne dhArmika kRtya kiye| itihAsa vibhAga paTanA vizvavidyAlaya paTanA, bihAra / parisaMvAda-4