Sanskrut Vyakaran ko Jain Acharyo ka Yogadan

Author(s): Suryakant Bali
Publisher: Z_Deshbhushanji_Maharaj_Abhinandan_Granth_012045.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/212110/1

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saMskRta vyAkaraNa ko jaina prAcAryoM kA yogadAna -DaoN0 sUryakAnta bAlI bhUmikA :-bhAratIya vidyA ke vividha pakSoM ke vaijJAnika vivecana meM prArambha se hI do dhArAyeM sakriya evaM prabhAvazAlI rahI haiM-brAhmaNadhArA aura shrmnndhaaraa'| inameM se brAhmaNadhArA nyAya, sAMkhya, vedAnta Adi aneka prakAra ke matavAdoM tathA una matavAdoM dvArA bhAratIya vidyAoM para DAle gaye sUkSma kintu atyanta nirNAyaka prabhAva ke rUpa meM parilakSita hotI hai| dUsarI ora zramaNadhArA kI abhivyakti mukhyataH do prakAra ke vAdoM se ghaniSTa rUpa se jur3I huI hai-bauddha mata aura jaina mt| ina donoM matoM meM se yadi jaina mata ko zramaNadhArA kA vAstavika pratinidhi evaM uttarAdhikArI mAnA jAye to isameM koI visaMgati nahIM mAnI jAnI caahie| isake do kAraNa haiM: eka kAraNa yaha hai ki prAcInatA kI dRSTi se jaina paramparA kAla ke usa khaNDa ko sparza karatI hai jise adyAvadhi upalabdha aitihAsika khojoM ke saMdarbha meM itihAsAtIta kahA jA sakatA hai| jabaki bauddha paramparA kI zuruAta kAphI vilamba se huii| dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki nirantaratA kI daSTi se bhI jaina paramparA ne binA kisI virAma ke pratyeka kAla meM bhAratIya vidyA ko apanA nizcita aura nirantara yogadAna kiyA hai jo abhI taka jArI hai jabaki eka vizeSa kAla ke bAda bauddha paramparA dhArmika dRSTi se prasAravAdI aura bhAratIyatA kI dRSTi se taTasthatAvAdI ho gyii| isalie jahA~ jaina paramparA bhAratIya vidyAoM ke saMvardhana meM sampRktatA aura guNavattA ke sAtha sahasrAbdiyoM se lagI huI hai vahA~ bauddha prmpr| ina donoM vizeSatAoM kA dAvA zAyada nahIM kara paatii| ___ saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke vikAsa meM jaina AcAryoM ke yogadAna kA yadi adhyayana kiyA jAya to isameM saMpRktatA aura guNavattA ina donoM guNoM kI nirantara prApti hotI hai / isa viziSTa yogadAna kA aitihAsika adhyayana karane se pUrva kucha prArambhika bAtoM kA vimarza kara lene se hamArA adhyayana adhika prAsaMgika aura dizA-nirdiSTa ho jAyegA / kisI bhI vidvAna kA kisI bhI vidyA se jur3anA do dRSTiyoM se ho sakatA hai| eka dRSTi yaha ho sakatI hai ki vaha vidvAna usa vidyA ke prati isalie AkRSTa ho ki vaha apane viziSTa jIvana darzana ke saMdarbha meM usa vidyA kA adhyayana karanA cAhatA hai| bhAratIya kAvya zAstra meM aneka AcAryoM ne apane viziSTa jIvana darzana ke sandarbha meM isa zAstra kA adhyayana kiyA aura use apanI dArzanika dRSTi ke anusAra parivartita karanA cAhA / " abhinavagupta, mahimabhaTTa Adi ke nAma isa dRSTi se prakhyAta nAma haiN| vyAkaraNa meM bhartRhari dvArA bhASAI cintana ko zabda-brahmavAda kI ora mor3a denA unakI advaita vedAnta ke prati niSThA ke pariNAmasvarUpa sambhava ho paayaa| vyAkaraNa meM nAgeza ke apane yogadAna para usakI tantraniSThA kA spaSTa prabhAva mAnA jAtA hai| azvaghoSa dvArA "saundarananda" aura "baddha carita" ke mAdhyama se kAvya kSetra meM padArpaNa mahAtmA buddha ke vicAroM ke prasAra kI ekAnta icchA ke pariNAma svarUpa hI kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| dUsarI dRSTi yaha ho sakatI hai ki usa vidvAna kA usa viziSTa vidyA ke prati sammAna zuddha rUpa se vastuparaka vidyAnurAga 1. tu0 bhAratIya darzana meM prAstika, nAstika zabdoM para vicAra-DA0 sUryakAnta, saMskRta vAGmaya kA vivecanAtmaka itihAsa 1672 pR0 382. 2. ta0 dAsagupta, esa0 ena0 bhAratIya darzana kA itihAsa, bhAga eka, 1978, pR0 178, 3. ta0 mizra, umeza bhAratIya darzana 1964,1068. 4. Majumdar, R.C. History and Culture of Indian People. Vol II. 1968 p. 390-91. 5 kRSNakumAra, malakAra zAstra kA itihAsa 1675, pR032-34. 6 vahI, pR0 157. 7. tripAThI rAmasareza, saMskRta vyAkaraNa darzana 1972 pR048, 5. zukla kamaleza pramAda, paramalaghumaMjUSA 1961, saMskRta bhUmikA bhAga pa0 12, 13. hai. kRSNa caitanya, saMskRta sAhitya kA navIna itihAsa 1965 10263-64. jana prAcya vidyAeM

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ke kAraNa hI sambhava ho pAyA ho| pANini, pataMjali, vAmana-jayAditya, bhaTTojidIkSita sadRza vidvAnoM kA vyAkaraNa adhyayana isI dRSTikoNa se kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| isa dRSTi se jaina vaiyAkaraNa kisa varga meM rakhe jAne cAhie yaha adhyayana kA eka rocaka viSaya ho sakatA hai| jaina sampradAya apanI viziSTa dArzanika mAnyatAoM tathA naitika niSThAoM ke kAraNa eka viziSTa prakAra ke caritra kA svAmI hai| anekAntavAda jaina vicAradhArA meM dhurIbhUta sthAna rakhatA hai| parantu yaha eka Azcarya kA viSaya hai ki kisI bhI jaina vaiyAkaraNa ne jaina jIvana darzana ko supramANita karane ke lie vyAkaraNa ke kSetra meM praveza kiyA ho isake tAtvika pramANa prApta nahIM hote| jisa prakAra abhinava gupta ne apanI kAzmIra zaivamata kI sambandhI mAnyatAoM ke anurUpa bharata ke nATyarasa kA kAyAkalpa kara diyA, yA bhata hari ne apane vedAntI jIvana darzana ko zabda zAstra meM DhAla diyA, usI prakAra pUjyapAda devanandI, pAlyakIrti yA hemacandra ne bhI jaina jIvana darzana ko jIvana kI eka pramukha vidyA, bhASAI cintana meM, arthAt vyAkaraNa meM Aropita kara diyA ho, isake pramANa nahIM milte| viziSTa jIvana darzana ke anusA hone para bhI jaina AcAryoM ne vyAkaraNa darzana meM isa prakAra kA parivartana karane kA vicAra kyoM nahIM kiyA, yaha vidvAnoM ke lie eka khoja kA viSaya ho sakatA hai / pramukha rUpa se yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina AcAryoM ne vyAkaraNa kA jo gahana adhyayana kiyA hai vaha vyAkaraNa vidyA ke taTastha adhyayana ke vicAra se hI kiyA hai| isI sthAna para prazna u sakatA hai ki yadi uparyukta pRSThabhUmi ke mahattva ko mAna liyA jAye to saMskRta vyAkaraNa ko jaina AcAryoM ke yogadAna kA pRthaka adhyayana karane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai| arthAta isa yogadAna meM aisA kauna sA jaina tatva hai jisake AdhAra para usakA pRthaka adhyayana honA cAhie / isa sambandha meM nimnalikhita tIna bAteM mahattvapUrNa haiM 1. bhArata meM jaina lekhakoM ne bauddhoM ke samaya eka viziSTa bhASA zailI aura pAribhASika zabdAvalI kA nirmANa kiyaa| jaina AcAryoM dvArA racita granthoM meM isake digdarzana spaSTa prApta hote haiN| yadyapi vyAkaraNa zAstra meM viziSTa bhASA zailI prastuta kara pAnA yA samagra rUpa se hI nUtana pAribhASika zabdAvali de pAne kA avakAza lagabhaga nahIM thA kyoM ka pANini dvArA ina donoM dRSTiyoM se itanI adhika paripakvatA pradAna kara dI gaI thI aura paravartI TIkAkAroM dvArA usakA paripoSaNa itanA adhika kara diyA gayA thA ki usameM navInatA na to sambhava thI aura na hI vizeSa vAMchanIya raha gaI thii| phira bhI jaina AcAryoM ne use eka viziSTa rUpa dene kA prayAsa kiyA / 2. jaina AcArya, bauddhoM ke samAna, veda-virodhI the| isI AdhAra para unakA vaidika bhASA se bhI koI lagAva na thaa| saMskRta se vizeSa anurAga na hone para bhI saMskRta bhASA kA adhyayana karanA unakI vivazatA thI kyoMki prAcIna samaya meM bhArata ke bauddhika jagata para saMskRta kA pUrNa Adhipatya thaa| saMskRta kA bahiSkAra kara dene se jaina AcAryoM kA svayaM vahiSkRta ho jAne kA khatarA vidyamAna thaa| pANinIya vyAkaraNa par3hane se vaidika bhASA kA adhyayana svabhAvataH karanA hI par3atA thaa| ata: saMskRta ke, vaidika bhASA ke niyamoM kI racanA se vihIna, vyAkaraNa kI racanA karanA jaina vaiyAkaraNoM kA mukhya uddezya rhaa| isa viziSTa kAraNa ke prati samarpita hone se jana saMskRta vyAkaraNa eka pRthaka varga ucita hI mAnA jA sakatA hai / 3. jaina vidvAnoM meM jahA~ saMskRta ke prati vairAgya thA vahA~ prAkRta apabhraMza ke prati unake mana meM vizeSa anurAga thaa| saMskRta vyAkaraNa kI racanA ke mAdhyama se jaina AcAryoM kI pravRti prAkRta apabhraMza ke vyAkaraNa kI racanA kI ora zanaiHzanai: para nizcita rUpa se huii| AcArya hemacandra ne apane siddha haima zabdAnuzAsana meM saMskRta bhASA ke niyamoM ke bAda antima AThaveM adhyAya meM prAkRta apabhraMza bhASA ke niyama diye haiN| prathama prayAsa na hone para bhI isa dizA-nirdeza ke bAda mAnoM jaina AcAryoM ko saMskRta vyAkaraNa na likhane aura prAkRta apabhraMza vyAkaraNa likhane kA suavasara mila gyaa| isa dizA nirdezaka pravRti ke kAraNa jaina saMskRta vaiyAkaraNoM kA skUla apane pRthaka astitva kA ucita dAvA kara sakatA hai| isa prasaMga meM eka prazna aura bhI ubhara kara sAmane AtA hai| kevala vaidika bhASA ke prati vairAgya ke kAraNa pANinIya vyAkaraNa kA Azraya lenA jaina AcAryoM ko rucikara na lagatA thA, yaha paryApta kAraNa pratIta nahIM hotA / jaina AcAryoM dvArA pRthak vyAkaraNa sampradAyoM kI sthApanA meM eka aura kAraNa bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| brAhmaNa dhArA aura jaina dhArA ke vidvAnoM meM paraspara bauddhika matabheTa prAya: eka dUsare ke Upara vyagyabANa pheMkane kI sImA taka bhI pahaca jAyA karate the| prArambha meM vibhinna vidyAoM para jaina granthoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa jaina vidvAna brAhmaNa dhArA ke granthoM ko par3hane ke lie vivaza the jisake lie unheM prAyaH isa prakAra kI kahAniyAM sunanI par3atI thIM ki jaina vidvAnoM ke pAsa apane grantha nahIM haiN| isa prakAra kI dhAraNA jaina vaiyAkaraNa buddhisAgara sUri ne 11 vIM madI meM racita apane paMcagranthI vyAkaraNa (apara nAma zabda lakSma) meM vyakta kI hai| jahAM ve likhate haiM : - 1. pramAlakSmaprAnta, 403, 404. AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana prancha

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"tairavadhIrite yattu pravRtirAvayoriha / tatra durjanavAkyAni pravRtte sannibandhanam / / zabdalakSma pramAlakSma yadeteSAM na vidyate / nAdimantastato hyate para lakSmopajIvinaH / / isa zloka se yahI tAtparya nikalatA hai ki brAhmaNoM ke dvArA kiye jAne vAle tiraskAra ko nirasta karane ke dRSTikoNa se jaina AcAryoM kI saMskRta vyAkaraNa racanA meM pravRtti huI / jaina saMskRta vyAkaraNa kA adhyayana kisa prakAra se kiyA jAnA cAhie yaha bhI vimarza kA eka Avazyaka viSaya hai| jaisA ki prAyaH pratyeka sampradAya ke sAtha hotA hI hai, jaina sampradAya ke vidvAnoM ne bhI jaina AcAryoM dvArA saMskRta vyAkaraNa likhe jAne kI prAcInatA ko bahuta dUra taka le jAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| yaha prayAsa tathyapUrNa hai yA nahIM yaha vivAda kA viSaya ho sakatA hai| parantu itanA nirvivAda hai ki jaina sampradAya kA prathama upalabdha prAmANika vyAkaraNa chaThI zatAbdI I0 meM jainendra vyAkaraNa ke rUpa meM sAmane AtA hai / jainendra se pUrva bhI jaina nyAkaraNa kI koI na koI paramparA nizcita rUpa se rahI hogI aura jainendra ke uparAnta to yaha paramparA nizcita rUpa se hai| isalie jainendra ko kendra bindu mAnakara jaina saMskRta vyAkaraNa kI racanA tIna vargoM meM rakhakara kI jA sakatI hai| jainendra pUrvavartI jaina vyAkaraNa, jainendra vyAkaraNa aura jainendra paravartI jaina vyaakrnn| ina tIna vargoM meM rakhakara adhyayana karane se jaina saMskRta vyAkaraNa kA adhyayana eka nizcita paridhi meM rahakara tathyapUrNa DhaMga se kiyA jA sakatA hai| saMskRta vyAkaraNa ko jaina AcAryoM kA yogadAna do prakAra se huA hai / eka isa rUpa meM ki svayaM jaina AcAryoM ne vyAkaraNa sampradAyoM kI yathAsambhava pratiSThA kii| ina vyAkaraNa granthoM ko hama vizaddha rUpa se jaina vyAkaraNa kaha sakate haiN| jainendra, zAkaTAyana, haima sampradAya isa koTi ke jaina vyAkaraNa haiN| dUsare rUpa meM jaina AcAryoM kA saMskRta vyAkaraNa ko yogadAna isa prakAra rahA hai ki aneka jaina AcAryoM ne jainetara vyAkaraNa sampradAyoM meM TIkA, vRtti, bhASya Adi ke rUpa meM aneka grantha likhe haiM / ina granthoM kA apanA mahatva hai / vizeSa rUpa se kAtantra aura sArasvata vyAkaraNoM para jaina AcAryoM ke vividha prakAra ke grantha upalabdha hote haiM / niSkarSataH jaina AcAryoM ke saMskRta vyAkaraNa ko yogadAna kA adhyayana do prakAra se ho sakatA hai : (ka) jaina vyAkaraNa, jisameM jainendra vyAkaraNa ko kendra mAnakara pUrvavartI aura paravartI, isa prakAra vividha adhyayana ho sakatA hai, tathaH (kha) jainetara vyAkaraNa sampradAyoM para ja na AcAryoM ke grantha / prastuta nibandha meM adhyayana ke lie yahI AdhAra apanAyA gayA hai| (ka) jaina vyAkaraNa (1) jainendra pUrvavartI jaina vyAkaraNa AcArya pUjyapAda devanandI dvArA racita jainendra vyAkaraNa se pUrva jaina vyAkaraNoM kI eka lambI paramparA rahI thii| durbhAgya se isa paramparA kA eka bho vyAkaraNa grantha Aja upalabdha nahIM hotA / isalie kucha vidvAnoM ne aisI mAnyatA rakhI hai ki aisI kisI bhI paramrA kA koI bhI astitva kabhI nahIM rahA / parantu jisa prakAra ke ullekha evaM sandarbha isa paramparA ke viSaya meM prApta hote haiM usase isa paramparA ko prAmANikatA hI siddha hotI hai / ___ AcArya devanandI ne apane janendra vyAkaraNa meM apane se pUrvavartI chaha vaiyAkaraNoM ke mata nAmollekha pUrvaka uddhRta kiye haiN| ve haiM-zrIdatta, yazobhadra, bhUtavali, prabhAcandra', siddhasena aura samantabhadra, / isI prakAra AcArya pAlyakIrti ne apane zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa meM indra siddha nandI aura Aryavajra ke matoM kA nAmollekhapUrvaka prayoga kiyA hai / 1. premI nAthUrAma, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, prathama saMskaraNa pR0 120 2. gaNe zrIdantasthAstriyAm 1,434. 3. kRvRSimajA yazobhadrasya 2,1,66. 4. rAd bhUtabale: 3,4,83. 5. rAta: kRtiprabhAcandrasya, 4,3,180. 6 vete: siddha senasya, 5,1,7 7. catuSTayaM samaMtabhadrasya, 5,4,140. 8 jarAyA isa iMdrasyAci, 1, 2, 37. 6. zeSAt siddhanandina:. 2,1, 226. 10. tata: prAg pAryavajrasya, 1, 2, 13. jana prAcya vidyAe~

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ina prAcIna vaiyAkaraNoM ke nAmoM ke bAre meM nAthUrAma premI ne apane grantha jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa' meM likhA hai ki inameM se kisI ne vyAkaraNa kI racanA kI hogI isameM saMdeha hai / isa bAre meM tarka dete hue unhoMne likhA hai ki sambhavataH ina vidvAnoM ne kucha vizeSa prakAra ke zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hogA jinheM jainendra Adi meM AdarapUrvaka uddhRta kara diyA gayA hai| parantu yaha vicAra vaijJAnika pratIta nahIM hotaa| devanandI aura pAlyakIrti ne jisa prakAra se zabda racanA ke sandarbha meM ina nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, ve nizcita rUpa se vaiyAkaraNoM ke nAma hI siddha hote haiN| kisI sAhityakAra dvArA pracalana se haTakara prayukta kiye gaye rUpoM kA isa prakAra se nAmollekha pUrvaka prayoga karane kI paramparA saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM nahIM hai| isake viparIta vaiyAkaraNoM ke matAntaroM ko Adara pUrvaka prastuta karane ke lie unake nAmoM kA ullekha karane kI svastha paramparA saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM hai / pANini ne aise aneka nAma uddhRta kiye haiM jo kevala vaiyAkaraNoM ke nAma haiN| ataH paM0 mImAMsaka' ke sAtha-sAtha hama bhI isa bAta se sahamata haiM ki ye nAma prAcIna vaiyAkaraNoM ke haiM / para durbhAgyavaza janendra pUrvavartI vyAkaraNa kI yaha parampaga aba pUrNatayA lupta ho cukI hai| isameM bhI koI sandeha nahIM ki ye sabhI AcArya jaina paramparA ke hI vaiyAkaraNa haiM / jainetara vyAkaraNa granthoM meM unakA ullekha na honA yaha siddha karatA hai ki ye sabhI jainendra pUrvavartI vaiyAkaraNa jaina paramparA ke AcArya the| saMskRta vyAkaraNa kI paramparA meM aba taka kI khojoM se aisA jJAta hotA hai ki atiprAcIna kAla se bhArata meM vaiyAkaraNoM ke do varga the -aindra aura maaheshvr| ina donoM sampradAyoM kI sthApanA kramazaH indra aura mahezvara nAmaka vaiyAkaraNoM ne kI thii| ina donoM sampradAya pravartaka vaiyAkaraNoM ke nAma zanaiH zanaiH ina nAmoM vAle devatAoM ke sAtha isa prakAra ghulamila gaye ki ye donoM nAma aitihAsika nAmoM ke sthAna para kAlpanika nAma pratIta hone lge| parantu vyAkaraNa kI paramparA meM ye nAma kisI na kisI rUpa meM sampradAya pravartaka vaiyAkaraNoM ke rUpa meM uddhRta hote rhe| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki pANini mAhezvara sampradAya ke AcArya the aura vArtikakAra kAtyAyana aindra sampradAya ke vaiyAkaraNa the| pANini dvArA caudaha mahezvara sUtroM ko yathAvat grahaNa karanA isI tathya kA poSaka hai / vidvAnoM kI aisI dhAraNA banI hai ki mAhezvara sampradAya ke anuyAyI pANini ke sUtroM para aindra sampradAya ke anuyAyI kAtyAyana dvArA vArtikoM kI racanA sambhavataH donoM sampradAyoM ko eka karane kA prayAsa thaa| kucha vidvAna aindra vyAkaraNa ko jaina vyAkaraNa kA Adi grantha siddha karate haiN| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne indra ke lie jisa vyAkaraNa kI racanA kI thI use upAdhyAya lekhAcArya ne grahaNa kiyA aura loka meM usakA pracalana aindra vyAkaraNa ke rUpa meM kiyA / eka vizeSa kArikA ke AdhAra para isa dhAraNA ko puSTa karane kA prayAsa jaina paramparA meM kiyA jAtA rahA hai "sakko atatsamakkhaM bhagavaMtaM AsaNe nivesitA / sadassa lakkhaNaM pucchaM vAgaraNaM avayavA idaM / / " aindra vyAkaraNa kI racanA kaba huI isa sambandha meM kucha bho nizcita rUpa se kahanA kaThina hai| digambara jainAcArya somadevasUri ne indra vyAkaraNa kA ullekha kiyA hai / 17 vIM sadI meM hue vinayavijaya upAdhyAya aura 18 vIM sadI meM hue lakSmIvallabha muni ne jainendra vyAkaraNa ko hI aindra vyAkaraNa mAna liyA hai| parantu yaha mata prAya: svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki mahAvIra svAmI kA jo kAla prAya: svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai, aba to pANini kA vyAkaraNa hI usakA samakAlIna mAnA jA sakatA hai, hAlAMki mImAMsaka ne pANini kA kAla bho 2600 I0pU0 svIkAra kiyA hai| indra prokta vyAkaraNa pANini se kahIM prAcIna hai isameM kisI bhI vidvAn / 1. prathama saMskaraNa pa0 120 2. mImAMsaka, saMskRta vyAkaraNa zAstra kA itihAsa, bhAga 1, vi0 saM0 2020, pR0 500-501. 3. mizra vedapati, vyAkaraNa-vAtika-eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, 1970. 0 6. 4. (ka), bRhaspatirindrAya divya varSa mana pratipadoktAnAM zabdAnAM zabdagarAyaNaM provAca / nantaM jagAma / mahAbhASya, paspazAha nik| (kha) iti mAhezvarANi suutraannynnaadisNjnyaarthaani| bhaTTojidIkSita siddhAMtakaupadI saMjJA prakaraNa / 5. mizra, vedapati, upAkaraga vAtika-eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, 1970, bhAmukha pR0 1. 6. vahI, prAmukha pR0 1. 7. tu0 zAha, ambAlAla, jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa, bhAga 5, 1666 105. 8. "aAvazyaka hariniya vina" paura "haribhadrI pravRtti" bhAga 1, pR0 182. hai yazastilacampU. pAzvAsa. 1, pR060 10. zAha, ambAlAla, jaina sAhitya kA vRhada itihAsa bhAga-5, 1666 pR06 pA0 Ti0 1. 11 mImAMsaka, yu0, saMskRta vyAkaraNazAstra kA itihAsa bhAga-1, vi0 saM0 2020, pR0 185 se / 116 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhaSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana granya

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sandeha nahIM vyakta kiyA hai| pataMjali ke mahAbhASya meM bRhaspati dvArA indra ko vyAkaraNa par3hAye jAne kA ullekha hai / jisase aisA jJAta hotA hai ki aindra vyAkaraNa pratipada vyAkaraNa thA / usake atirikta aindra vyAkaraNa kI aitihAsikatA ke viSaya meM aura bhI adhika ullekha milate haiN|" ve sabhI ullekha jahAM aindra vyAkaraNa kI aitihAsikatA siddha karate hai vahAM usake Adi jaina vyAkaraNa hone para kucha bhI nizcita prakAza nahIM DAlate / hAM, isa sambandha meM eka anumAna paraka niSkarSa avazya nikAlA jA sakatA hai / prAcInakAla meM jahAM mAhezvara vyAkaraNa brAhmaNa dhArA kA pratinidhi vyAkaraNa thA, vahAM aindra vyAkaraNa jaina dhArA kA pratinidhi vyAkaraNa rahA hogA / vArtikakAra kAtyAyana dvArA, jo svayaM aindra sampradAya ke the, mAhezvara sampradAya ke pANini sUtroM para vArtikoM kI racanA kara dene se donoM sampradAyoM meM jo bhI vibheda rahA hogA vaha pUrI taraha samApta ho gayA / 113 jainendra pUrvavartI jaina vyAkaraNa meM zabdaprAbhRta kA sthAna mahatvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai / yaha sambhavataH saMskRta bhASA meM likhA huA saMskRta vyAkaraNa grantha thA jisake sambandha meM siddhasena gaNi ne kahA hai ki "pUrvo meM jo zabda prAbhRta hai, usameM se vyAkaraNa kA udbhava huA hai / ' yaha grantha isa samaya nahIM miltaa| isa sambhAvya grantha ke viSaya meM itanA aura jAnane yogya hai ki yaha svatantra grantha na hokara eka grantha samudAya kA aMga thA / "jaina AgamoM kA 12vAM aMga dRSTivAda ke nAma se thA, jo aba upalabdha nahIM hai / isa aMga meM 14 pUrvaM sanniviSTa the / pratyeka pUrva kA vastu aura vastu kA avAntara vibhAga prAbhRta ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thaa| Avazyaka cUrNi anuyogadvArA cUrNi siddhasena gaNikRta tatvArthasUtra bhASya TIkA aura maladhArI hemacandra sUrikRta anuyogadvArasUtra TIkA meM zabda prAbhRta kA ullekha milatA hai|" isa vivaraNa se anupalabdha zabda prAbhRta kA mahatva isa dRSTi se jJAta hotA hai ki eka vizeSa samaya meM vyAkaraNa zAstra ko jaina sampradAya ke granthoM meM aMtaraMga sthAna mila gayA thA / jaina paramparA meM kSapaNaka kA vaiyAkaraNa ke rUpa meM bahuta adhika mahatva hai| kSapaNaka kauna the, isa bAre meM koI nizcita jAnakArI nahIM miltii| vidvAnoM ne vaiyAkaraNa kSapaNaka ko vikrama ke navaratnoM meM ullikhita kSapaNaka se abhinna mAnA hai jinake viSaya meM kAlidAsa ne apane jyotirvidAbharaNa nAmaka grantha meM likhA hai| yadi isa grantha meM ullikhita kSapaNaka vaiyAkaraNa kSapaNaka se abhinna hai to isa AcArya kA samaya IsA kI prathama zatAbdI siddha hotA hai| jaina paramparA meM eka aura vyAkaraNa bhI isI zatAbdI meM hue haiM- AcArya siddhAsena divaakr| siddhasena apane samaya ke mahAn vidvAna the aura jainendra vyAkaraNa meM nAmollekha pUrvaka inakA mata uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| jisase inakA eka labdhapratiSTha vaiyAkaraNa honA siddha hotA hai| samakAlikatA aura vidyA kSetra kI samAnatA hone ke kAraNa aisI dhAraNA bhI vyakta kI gaI hai ki ye donoM nAma eka hI vyakti ke haiN| " kSapaNaka dvArA likhita vyAkaraNa Aja upalabdha nahIM haiM parantu jisa prakAra ke ullekha kSapaNaka ke vyAkaraNa ke viSaya meM milate haiM usase svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha niSkarSa prApta ho jAtA hai ki kSapaNaka ne aneka prakAra ke vyAkaraNa-pATha likhe the aura sambhavataH usane vyAkaraNa-sampradAya kI sthApanA kI thii| maitreparakSita dvArA racita tantrapradIpa meM kSapaNaka vyAkaraNa ke aneka ullekha milate haiM / tantrapradIpa 1,4, 25 meM kSapaNaka vyAkaraNa 4,1, 155, meM kSapaNaka mahAnyAsa ujjvaladatta maNi ke uNAdi -pATha meM kSapaNaka ke uNAdi pATha ke ullekha milate haiM / mahAnyAsa zabda se kisI nyAsa yA laghu nyAsa kI racanA sammilita pratIta hotI hai| isa ullekha paramparA se kSapaNaka ke zabdAnuzAsana ke aneka pAThoM tathA usake vipula prabhAva kA paricaya mila jAtA hai / jainendra pUrvavartI jaina vyAkaraNa meM eka AyAma una AcAryoM kA hai, jinakA nAmollekha pUrvaka mata kA uddharaNa devanandI aura pAtyakIrti ne kiyA hai, parantu jinake grantha the yA nahIM isa sambandha meM matabheda hai| dUsarA AyAma aindra vyAkaraNa kA hai jise katipaya vidvAna Adi jaina vyAkaraNa mAnane ke pakSa meM haiN| tIsare AyAma ke antargata zabdaprAbhRta aura kSapaNakazabdAnuzAsana Ate haiM jinakI aitihAsika nizcatatA jainendrapUrvavartI jaina vyAkaraNa meM sabase adhika hai, para ye donoM grantha bhI adyAvadhi upalabdha nahIM ho pAye haiM / isa prakAra jainendra pUrvavartI jaina vyAkaraNa kI paramparA lambI hote hue bhI aitihAsika nizcitatA aura upalabdhi kI apekSA abhI rakhatI hai / 1. "vRpatiridrAya" ityAdi, mahAbhASya, paspazAhUnika ( 0 1 pA0 1, Aha nika1) 2. mAnika, saM0 pa0 zA0 kA itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 83-8 3. jaina sAhitya kA vRhada itihAsa, bhAga 5, 1666, pR0 6. 4. dhanyAH kSaNako'marasiMha kuvAmaghaTa ra kAlidAsaH / khyAto varAhamihiro nRpateH sabhAyAma / ratnAni vevararucinaMva vikramasya / / " jyotirvidAbharaNa, 20, 10. 5. mInAMmaka, yu0, sa0 vyA0 zA0 kA itihAsa bhAga 1, pR0 526-30. jaina prAcya vidyAe~ 117

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(2) jainendra vyAkaraNa Upara batAyA jA cukA hai ki pUjyapAda devanandI dvArA likhita jainendra vyAkaraNa paramparA kA prAcInatama niyamita vyAkaraNa hai| jaina paramparA meM jainendra vyAkaraNa kI pratiSThA isa para likhI gaI TIkA sampatti aura svayaM isa vyAkaraNa kA apanA svarUpa-saba milAkara jainendra vyAkaraNa ko aisA rUpa pradAna kara dete haiM jo kisI sampradAyapravartaka vaiyAkaraNa dvArA likhita vyAkaraNa ko prApta honA cAhie / jaina paramparA meM jainendra vyAkaraNa kI mahatI pratiSThA nimnalikhita lokapriya zloka se spaSTa ho jAtI hai : "sarvavyAkaraNe vipazcidadhipaH zrIpUjyapAda: svayam / " jainendra vyAkaraNa kA mahatva isI bAta se spaSTa hai ki bopadeva ne jina prAcIna ATha vaiyAkaraNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai unase jainendra kA nAma bhI hai "indrazcaMdraH kAzakRtsnApizalI zAkaTAyanaH / pANinyamarajainendrA: japantyaSTAdizAbdikAH / / " jainendra vyAkaraNa ke sambandha meM jaina paramparA meM yaha vizvAsa pracalita hai ki isakI racanA svayaM mahAvIra svAmI ne kI thii| yaha vizvAsa sambhavataH "jainendra' isa nAma ke prati zraddhAtireka se prerita hai| vAstava meM isakI racanA mahAvIra ne nahIM apitu unase sahasrAbdI se bhI adhika bAda meM hue AcArya devanandI ne kI thI jinakA nAmA: jinendrabuddhi hai tathA jaina paramparA unheM unake ubhaTa pANDitya ke kAraNa pujyapAda bhI kahatI hai| pUjyapAda, devanadI aura jinendra buti ---ye tInoM nAma eka hI jaina AcArya ke haiM, isakA poSaka eka zloka zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekha meM prApta hotA hai / "yo devanandI prathamAmidhAnaM buddhayA mahAtmA sa jinendabuddhiH / zrI pUjyapAdo'jani devatAbhiryata pUjita pAdayugaM yadIyam // " inheM lokapriyatAvaza "deva" aura "nandI" ina saMkSipta nAmoM se bhI smaraNa kiyA jAtA rahA hai| yahAM yaha jJAtavya hai ki ye jinendrabuddhi usa bauddha AcArya jinendra buddhi se pRthak haiM jinhoMne 8 vIM sadI I0 meM kAzikAvRtti para nyAsa kI racanA kI thii| AcArya pUjyapAda ke paricaya ke viSaya meM kucha sAmagrI prApta hotI hai| karnATaka prAMta ke aneka zilAlekhoM meM inakA sAdara smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| isase vidvAnoM ne yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki ve sambhavataH kanATaka prAMta ke the| candravya nAmaka eka karnATaka kavi ne kannaDa bhASA meM pajyapAda kA paricaya dete hue kahA hai ki inake pitA mAdhava bhaTTa aura mAtA zrIdevI donoM prArambha meM vaidika matAnuyAyI the| bAda meM donoM ne jaina mata svIkAra kara liyaa| pUjyapAda ne jaba eka dina kisI udyAna meM sAMpa ke muMha meM par3e meMDhaka ko dekhA to inheM vairAgya ho gyaa| bAda meM jJAna prApti ke bAda inheM jinake samAna kAmahantA mAnA gayA---'jinavad babhUva yadanaGaH gacApahRta jinendrabuddhiriti sAdhu varNitaH / "2 vardhamAna ne inheM "digvastra' arthAt digambara jana kahA hai"zAlAturIya zakaTAGgajacandragomi-digvastra-bhartRhari-vAmana-bhojamukhyAH / " AcArya pUjyapAda kA kAla chaThI zatAbdI I0 mAnA jAtA hai| aneka pramANoM ke AdhAra para aba unakA yaha kAla prAyaH sarvasammata sA ho gayA hai / AcArya ne apane vyAkaraNa meM siddhasena divAkara ke mata ko uddhRta kiyA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki pajyapAda kA AvirbhAva siddhasena ke bAda huaa| siddhasena divAkara kA samaya 5 vIM sadI I0 mAnA jAtA hai| Upara batA Aye haiM ki kSapaNaka hI siddhasena divAkara mAne jAte haiN| yadi yaha mAnyatA prAmANika hai to bhI siddhasena candragupta vikramAditya ke navaratnoM meM se eka hone ke kAraNa usake samakAlIna arthAt 5vIM sadI I0 ke hI siddha hote haiN| siddhasena se paravartI hone ke kAraNa pUjyapAda chaThI zatAbdI I0 ke mAne jA sakate haiM jisakA poSaka pramANa nimnalikhita haiN| jainendra vyAkaraNa meM kisI mahendra dvArA mathurA kI vijaya kA saMketa hai| bhatakAla ke lie laGa kA prayoga anatidUra bhUta ke lie, yahAM taka ki prayoktA ke darzana viSaya bhUtakAla ke lie hotA hai| isa AdhAra 1. mImAMsaka yu0, saMskRta vyAkaraNa zAstra kA itihAsa, bhAga 1.50 413. 2. zravaNabelagola kA shilaalekh| 3. gnnrtnmhoddhi| 4. veteH siddhasenasya, jai0 vyA0 5, 1, 7. 5. upAdhyAya, baladeva, saMskRta zAstroM kA itihAsa, pa.578. 6. aruNanmahendro madhurAm, jai0 vyA0 2,2,62. 7. "parokSe ca lokavijJAte prayoktudarzanaviSaye ?" mahAbhASya 3.2, 11 meM vAnika 118 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana granpa

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para paM0 mImAMsaka' ne yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki pUjyapAda apane grantha meM mahendra gupta vikramAditya kI usa vijaya kA ullekha kara rahe haiM jisameM, tibbatI sAkSya ke AdhAra para, mahendra ne do lAkha senA kI sahAyatA se tIna lAkha yavana sainikoM ke sAtha mathurA meM yuddha kara unheM deza se bAhara nikAla diyA thA / taba mahendra gupta yuvarAja thA / yaha ghaTanA 5vIM sadI I0 meM ghaTI thI / ataH viziSTa bhUtakAlika prayoga ke AdhAra para pUjyapAda kA kAla 6ThI zatAbdI I0 kA prathamArdha honA caahie| eka anya pramANa ke anusAra pUjyapAda aura samantabhadra samakAlIna hai / pUjyapAda ne samantabhadra kA mata uddhRta kiyA hai| samantabhadra ne jainendra ke maMgala zloka kI vyAkhyA meM grantha likhA thA / samantabhadra kA samaya chaThI sadI I0 kA prathamArdha nizcita mAnA jAtA hai / ataH pUjyapAda devanandI kA vahI samaya mAnA jAnA cAhie / isa samaya jainendra vyAkaraNa ke do pATha milate haiN| eka pATha meM 3036 sUtra haiM aura dUsare meM sUtroM kI saMkhyA 700 adhika hai / zeSa pATha bhI kahIM-kahIM parivartita tathA parivardhita rUpa meM milatA hai / 3036 sUtroM vAlA pATha "audIcyapATha" aura dUsarA adhika sUtroM vAlA parivartita parivardhita pATha "dAkSiNAtyapATha " kahA jAtA hai| isa bAre meM kucha matabheda rahA hai ki pUjyapAda ne ina donoM pAThoM meM se kisa pATha kI racanA kI thii| vidvAnoM kI prAyaH dhAraNA hai ki "audIcyapATha" hI AcArya pUjyapAda kA apanA maulika pATha hai tathA dUsarA pATha kisI paravartI vaiyAkaraNa ne bar3hAyA hai / dAkSiNAtya pATha ke sampAdaka paM0 zrI lAlazAstrI ne yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki bRhad dAkSiNAtya pATha hI janendra kI apanI kRti hai para pramANoM ke AdhAra para yaha siddha nahIM ho pAyA hai| isakA pramukha kAraNa yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki pUjyapAda ne apane grantha ke prathama adhyAya ke prathama pAda meM hI yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki unake vyAkaraNa meM ekazeSa ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hai / " hAM audIcya pATha meM ekazeSa kA pUrNa abhAva hai vahAM dAkSiNAtyapATha kI sthiti vaisI nahIM hai | isase spaSTa hai ki 3036 sUtroM vAlA audIcyapATha hI pUjyapAda kA maulika jainendra vyAkaraNa hai / yahAM prazna uThatA hai ki dAkSiNAtyapATha kI racanA kisane aura kaba kI thii| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki AcArya guNanandI ne isa pATha kA parivardhana kiyaa| isa parivardhita saMskaraNa kI khyAti jaina paramparA meM zabdArNava ke nAma se hai / parivardhita saMskaraNa para apanI candrikA nAmaka TIkA se TIkAkAra somadevasUri ne isa grantha kA nAma zabdArNava likhA hai aura ise spaSTa hI guNanandI dvArA parivardhita batAyA hai / " guNanandI ke isa zabdArNava para janendra paravartI zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa kA prabhAva mAnA jAtA hai / zAkaTAyana kA samaya amogha - varSa ke zAsana kAla' meM racA hone ke kAraNa navama zatI I0 kA pUvArdha mAnA jAtA hai| zAkaTAyana se paravartI hone ke kAraNa guNanandI kA kAla navama zatI kA uttarArdha mAnA jAtA hai / isa parivardhita dAkSiNAtya saMskaraNa para somadeva sUri kI zabdArNava candrikA tathA kisI ajJAta nAmA lekhaka kI zabdArNavaprakriyA ye do TIkAyeM milatI haiN| saubhAgyavaza ye donoM hI TIkAyeM prakAzita haiM / audIcyapATha vAle jainendra vyAkaraNa kI vyAkaraNika vizeSatAyeM nimnalikhita haiM 1. isa vyAkaraNa meM pAMca adhyAya hai / ataH isa vyAkaraNa ko paMcAdhyAyI bhI kahA gayA hai| pratyeka adhyAya meM cAra pAda haiM aura 20 pAdoM meM kula 3036 sUtra haiM / 2. isa paMcAdhyAyI meM pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI ke sUtra prakArAntara aura bhASAntara ke sAtha samAviSTa kara diye gaye haiM / adhyAyoM ke sUtroM kA pAMca adhyAyoM meM hI samAviSTa ho jAne kA pramukha kAraNa yaha hai ki pANinIya zAstra ke vaidika saMskRta sambandhI sUtroM ko nikAla diyA gayA hai kyoMki jaina vyAkaraNa meM ve anupayogI mAne gye| isalie sUtroM kI saMkhyA bhI lagabhaga eka hajAra kama ho gaI hai| 3. jainendra vyAkaraNa (aura pANinIya vyAkaraNa ) ke aneka sUtroM meM koI antara nahIM hai| udAharaNatayAH, nimnalikhita tAlikA meM diye gaye sUtra donoM vyAkaraNoM meM pUrNa samAnatA ke sAtha prApta hote haiM 1. itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 416. 2. catuSTayaM samaMtabhadrasya, jai0 vyA0 5, 4, 140. 3 mImAMsaka, yu0 itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 432-33. 4. svAbhAvikatvAdamidhAnasyaikazeSAnArambhaH jai0 pa0 1, 1.97 5. saMSA zrI guNananditanitavapuH zabdArNavanirNaya.. -caMdrikA TIkA | 6. Majumdar (ed) History and Culture of Indian people Vol, V 1964, p. 8. jaina prAcya vidyAe~ 11e

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4-1-2 jainendra vyA0 pANinIya vyA0 sUtra sthAne'ntaratamaH 1-1-47 1-1-50 upAnmantrakaraNe 1-2-20 1-3-25 dhArerUttamarNaH 1-2-111 1-4-35 sAdhakatamaM karaNam 1-2-113 1-4-42 abhinivizazca 1-2-118 1-4-47 akathitaMca 5-2-120 1-4-51 svatantra: kartA 1-2-124 1-4-54 samarthaH padavidhiH 1-3-1 2-1-1 nadIbhizca 1-3-17 2-1-20 pAtre samitAdayazca 1-3-43 2-1-48 karmaNyaNa 2-2-1 3-2-1 tundazokayo: parimRjApanudoH 2-2-10 3-2-5 SidbhidAdibhyo'Ga 2-3-86 3-3-104 svaujasamauT 3-1-2 ajAdyataSTAp 3-1-4 4-1-4 ityAdi / 4. isI prakAra aneka sUtra donoM vyAkaraNa granthoM meM aise haiM jinameM nAmamAtra kI asamAnatA hai| jaisejainendra vyA0 pANinIya vyA0 hatvo'nantarA: sphaH 1-1-3 hatvonantarAH saMyoga: 1-1-7 uccanIcAvudAttAnudAttau 1-1-13 uccairUdAttaH 1-2-26 nIcairanudAtta: 1-2-30 ktaktavatutaH 1-1-28 ktaktavata niSThA 1-1-26 DAulohitAt kyaS 2-1-11 lohitAdiDAbhyaH kyaS 3-1-13 gupUdhUpavicchipaNipani: Aya: 2-1-26 gupUdhapavicchipaNipanibhya Aya: 3-1-28 spRzo'tudake kviH 2-2-56 spRzo'nudake kvin 3-2-55 vayasyanaMtye 3-1-24 vayasi prathame 4-1-20 pativanyantarvanyau 3-1-32 antarvatpativatornuka 4-1-32 ityAdi / 5. jainendra aura pANinIya donoM vyAkaraNoM ke aneka satra kevala amahatvaparNa varNa viparyaya athavA vibhakti saMkSapa Adika atirikta pUrNa samAnatA rakhate haiN| jaisejainendra vyA pANinIya vyA0 sarvAdi sarvanAma 1-1-35 sarvAdIni sarvanAmAni 1-1-27 niranekAjanAGa 1-1-22 nipAta ekAjanAGa 1-1-14 pUrvAdayo nava 1-1-42 pUrvAdiyo navabhyo vA 7-1-16 yathAsaMkhyaM samA 1-2-4 yathAsaMkhyamanudezaH samAnAm 1-3-10 bhavAdayo dhuH 1-2-1 bhUvAdayo dhAtavaH 1-3-1 nivizaH 1-2-11 navizaH 1-3-17 parivyavakriyaH 1-2-12 parivyavemyaH kriya: 1-3-18 viparAjeH 1-2-13 viparAmyAM je: 1-3-16 ityAdi / 120 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhaSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha

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6. sUtroM ke samAna jainendra aura pANinIya vyAkaraNa kI saMjJAoM kA bhI tulanAtmaka adhyayana ho sakatA hai| pUjyapAda dvArA prayukta kucha saMjJAyeM pANini kI saMjJAoM kI apekSA bahuta svalpAkAra haiN| "ardhamAtrAlAghavena putrotsavaM manyaMte vaiyAkaraNA": kI ukti jainendra vyAkaraNa para zatapratizata caritArtha hotI hai| udAharaNatayA - pA0 avyaya jai0pra0, anunAsika Ga0, avyayIbhAva = prAdeza, dhAtudhu, taddhita = hRta, pratyaya =tya, niSThA =ta, prAtipAdika mRta hrasva-dIrgha pluta pradIpa, samAsa = sa, savarNa = sva, saMyoga = spha, luk, uS, guNa = eya, vRddhi = aiy, ityAdi / yadyapi pUjyapAda ne apane vyAkaraNa meM bahuta hI svatpakAya saMjJAyeM dI haiM, para inake kAraNa grantha meM durUhA aura kliSTatA kA samAveza ho gayA hai| binA pANinIya saMjJAoM ko yAda rakhe inheM yAda rakha pAnA bahuta hI kaThina hai| eka aura bAta bhI ullekhanIya hai / pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM samAsa, savarNa, saMyoga, guNa, vRddhi Adi kaI saMjJAyeM anvitArtha haiM jisase vyAkaraNa ko samajhane meM adhika sahAyatA milatI hai, isake viparIta jainendra vyAkaraNa meM yaha suvidhA kama ho gaI hai / 7, saMjJAoM meM prayatnapUrvaka antara karane ke sAtha hI AcArya pUjyapAda ne kucha saMjJAyeM pANinIya vyAkaraNa se yathAvat grahaNa kara lI hai| udAtta (jai0 vyA0 1.1.13), anudAtta (1-1-12) svarita (1-1-14) tri: (1-1-20), saMkhyA (1-1-33), sarvanAma (1-1-35), pada (1-1-102 ), kAraka (1-1-102 ), apAdAna (1-1-106), sampradAna ( 1-1-110), karaNa ( 1-1-113), adhikaraNa (1-1-15), kartA ( 1-1-24), Adi saMjJAyeM isI koTi meM AtI haiM / pANini ne bhI isI prakAra kucha nUtana saMjJAoM kI racanA kI thI aura aneka saMjJAyeM pUrvAcAryoM se hI grahaNa kara lI thIM / 8. jainendra ne apane vyAkaraNa meM kahIM-kahIM sUkSmatA lAne ke lie tathA vilakSaNatA dikhAne ke lie saralatA ko bilkula chor3a diyA hai / udAharaNatayA, "vibhaktI zabda ke pratyeka varNa ko alaga karake svara ke Age p tathA vyaMjana ke Age A jor3akara sAtoM vibhaktiyoM kI saMkhyA nirdiSTa kI hai| jaise--vA ( prathama ), ip ( dvitIyA ), bhA (tRtIyA), ap ( caturthI) kA (paMcamI), tA (SaSThI), tathA Ip (saptamI ) / " vidvAnoM ne ise zAbdika camatkAra mAnA hai / , = 6. jainendra vyAkaraNa ke racayitA kA darzana yaha pratIta hotA hai ki paramparita zabdAvali ko kama se kama chor3A jAye aura jahAM Avazyaka ho tathA sambhava evaM upayogI ho vahAM navInatA lAI jAye / yahI sthiti vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM ke lAgU hone kI prakriyA ke sambandha meM bhI satya pratIta hotI hai / isalie jainendra ne pANini ke paribhASA sUtroM ko prakArAntara se punaH upasthita kara pANini kI vyAkaraNika prakriyA ko yathAvat grahaNa kara liyA hai| udAharaNatayA, nimnalikhita paribhASA sUtra pANini ke paribhASA sUtroM ke samAna hI vyAkaraNika prakriyA kA svarUpa upasthita karate haiM---sthAne'ntaratamaH (jai0 vyA0 1-1-47), rantoNa u: ( 1-1-48), anto'la (1-1-42), Di (1-1-50) parasyAdeH (1-1-51), zitsarvasya (1-1-52) TidAdi (1-1-53), kidantaH (1-1-54 ), paro'yamit] ( 1-1-55) sthAnI vA dezonalvidhau (1-1-56) pareSa: pUrvavidho (1-1-50), na padAntadvitvanarekhasvAnusvAra dIrghacavidhau (1-1-58), dvitve'ci (1-1-56), yenAli vidhistadantAdhoH (1-1-67), ityAdi / 10. pANini ne aSTAdhyAyI meM mahezvara sampradAya ke caudaha-pratyAhAra sUtroM ko yathAvat grahaNa kara liyA thaa| unakI sahAyatA se jina pratyAhAroM kI racanA hotI hai usase pANinIya tantra meM saMkSepa lAne meM atyadhika sahAyatA milI thii| jainendra vyAkaraNa meM ina pratyAhAroM ko yathAvat grahaNa kara liyA gayA hai| ina pratyAhAroM ko pUjyapAda ne itanI svAbhAvikatA se apane vyAkaraNa kA aMga banA liyA hai ki AcArya ne caudaha pratyAhAra sUtroM ko dene kI bhI AvazyakatA anubhava nahIM kii| akAlo'c pradIpa: ( jai0 vyA 1-1-11), igyaNo ji: ( 1-1-45), adeGa ep (1-1-16), ikastau ( 1-1-17), sadRza sUtroM meM pANinIya tantra ke pratyAhAroM kA sahajatA se prayoga kara liyA gayA hai / 11. vyAkaraNa meM utsarga - apavAda zailI kI sahAyatA se viSayoM ke upasthApana meM jainendra vyAkaraNa meM pANinIya aSTAdhyAyI meM pratipAdita krama kA yathAvat upayoga kiyA gayA hai / aSTAdhyAyI ke samAna dhAtu, lakAra, kAraka, nipAta, samAsa, pratyaya, kRt sambandhI sUtroM kI racanA kI gaI hai| kAraka vimarza kA prArambha apAdAna ke sAtha prArambha kiyA hai| 1. upAdhyAya, baladeva, saMskRta zAstroM kA itihAsa, pR0 577. jaina prAcya vidyAe~ 12. pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI ke samAna jainendra vyAkaraNa meM bhI antima do adhyAyoM ke sUtroM ke lie asiddha vyavasthA karane ke lie pAMcaveM adhyAya ke dUsare pAda ke anta meM "pUrvatrAsiddham " sUtra rakhA gayA hai / jainendra vyAkaraNa meM bhI kramaza: saMjJA, paribhASA, yahAM taka ki pANini ke samAna jainendra ne bhI 121

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13. pANinIya sUtroM, sUtroM para likhe Avazyaka vArtika tathA paMtajali kI iSTiyoM sabhI ke sUtra banA kara isa sArI vyavasthA ko adhika ekarUpatA dene kA prayAsa pUjyapAda ne apane vyAkaraNa meM kiyA hai / 14. jaisA ki hama Upara kaha Aye haiM- pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI kI apekSA pUjyapAda ke vyAkaraNa kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM ekazeSa prakaraNa kA abhAva hai| apane vyAkaraNa se eka zeSa prakaraNa ko pUrI taraha se nikAlane ke pIche AcArya ke pAsa kyA hetu thA - isake atizaya adhyayana kI AvazyakatA nizcita rUpa se hai / kyA aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai ki jaina darzana ke anekAntavAda ke mahAn siddhAnta ko vyAkaraNika abhivyakti pradAna karane ke lie ekazeSa prakaraNa ko hI samAsa kara diyA gayA ? vaise pUjyapAda ne apane grantha kA prArambha "siddhirane kAntAt" / (jaise vyA0 1-1-11 ) isa maMgalavAcI sUtra ke sAtha kiyA hai / jainendra vyAkaraNa para cAra mahatvapUrNa TIkAyeM likhI gaI jo upalabdha haiN| AcArya kI svopajJavRtti ke atirikta uparyukta cAra TIkAyeM isa prakAra haiM--abhayanandi kRt mahAvRtti, prabhAcandrakRta zabdAmbhojabhAskaranyAsa, zrutikIrtikRta paMcavastuprakriyA aura mahAcandrakRta laghujainendra / inameM se pratyeka vRtti kA apanA mahatva hai| inameM sabase adhika mahatva kI vRtti abhayanandi kRta mahAvRtti hai / isameM do tatvoM kA sundara sammizraNa hai| eka ora isameM aSTAdhyAyI, vArtikapATha, mahAbhASya, kAzikA Adi kI vyAkaraNa sAmagrI kA pUrA upayoga uThAte hue kucha vArtika jor3ane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| dUsarI ora udAharaNoM ke lie isameM jaina itihAsa, dharma, darzana nItizAstra paramparA Adi kA srota ke rUpa meM upayoga kiyA gayA hai| anusanta tArkikAH, upasiddhasenaM vaiyAkaraNAH prAbhUtaparyantamadhIte, AkumAraM yazaH samantabhadrasya sadRza udAharaNa pUre grantha ko jaina AkAra dene meM samartha hai / " zabdAbhojabhAskaranyAsa uparyukta mahAvRtti se kalevara meM vizAla hai, para vRtti ke viSaya meM prabhAcandra ne abhayanandi kA adhika sahArA liyA hai| jaisA ki nAma se hI spaSTa hai zrutakIrti kI TIkA jainendra kA prakriyA rUpAntara hai jabaki mahAcandra kA laghujainendra bAla bodha ke lie hai / (3) jainendraparavartI jaina vyAkaraNa AcArya pUjyapAda devanandI dvArA suvyavasthita DhaMga se eka vyAkaraNa de dene ke bAda jaina AcAryoM meM vyAkaraNa lekhana kI eka viziSTa paramparA cala par3I jisake antargata jaina zAkaTAyana aura haima ye do vyAkaraNa bahuta adhika prasiddha hue / yadyapi isa paramparA meM anya aneka vyAkaraNa bhI likhe gaye tathApi eka ullekhanIya aura vicitra tathya yaha hai ki zAstrIya dRSTi se koI eka jaina vyAkaraNa pUre jaina sampradAya meM mAnyatA prApta na kara skaa| isa para Age calakara niSkarSa svarUpa hama vistAra se likheNge| jainendra paravartI jaina vyAkaraNa meM vAmana, pAlyakIrti, buddhisAgarasUri bhadrezvara sUri, vardhamAna, hemacandrasUri ke nAma mahatvapUrNa haiM / isa prasaMga meM hama inhIM kA vivecana kareMge / vAmana - jainendra paravartI jaina vyAkaraNa paramparA meM sabase prathama nAma vAmana kA liyA jA sakatA hai / vAmana ke sambandha meM do bAteM vicAraNIya haiM : 1. jisa vAmana kI carcA hama yahAM kara rahe haiM vaha usa vAmana se pRthak haiM jisakA nAma " vAmana jayAditya" isa vaiyAkaraNa-yugala meM kAzikAkAra ke rUpa meM AtA hai| 2. isa sambandha meM kucha nizcita nahIM hai ki vAmana jaina matAnuyAyI vaiyAkaraNa the athavA nahIM / cUMki vAmana dvArA likhita grantha isa samaya nahIM hai ata: yaha nizcita kara pAnA aura bhI adhika kaThina ho gayA hai / paM0 ambAlAla zAha ne vAmana ko spaSTa rUpa se jainetara vidvAn mAnA hai jabaki paM0 mImAMsakara ne ise "jaina vyAkaraNa kA kartA" mAnA hai / jisa prakAra se jaina granthoM meM isa AcArya kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai usase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vAmana jaina vaiyAkaraNa the / jaina vidvAn vardhamAna ne apane prasiddha grantha "gaNaratnamahodadhi" meM vAmana ko "sahRdaya cakravartI" kahA hai "sahRdaya cakravartinA vAmanena tu hemnaH iti sUtreNa" ityAdi / apane grantha ke prArambha meM hI vardhamAna ne vAmana ke vyAkaraNa grantha kA ullekha kiyA hai- "vAmano vizrAntavidyAdharakartA" / isase jJAta hotA hai ki vAmana ne "vizvAntavidyAdhara" nAmaka grantha likhA thA jo Aja upalabdha nahIM hai / isI grantha para zvetAmbara jaina saMgha ke prasiddha vidvAn mallavAdI ne "nyAsa" nAmaka TIkA likhI thii| yaha TIkA bhI Aja upalabdha nahIM hai / para isakA saMketa prabhAvakacaritAntargata mallavAdicarita' meM nimna prakAra se milatA hai 1. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 5, 1666, pR0 48. 2. saMskRta vyAkaraNazAstra kA itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 425. 3. pR0 168. 4. nirNayasAgara saMskaraNa, pR0 78. 122 AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha :

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"zabdazAstraM ca vidhAntavidyAdhara varAbhiSe nyAsaM cakraM upadhIvRndabodhanAya sphuTArthakam // " mahAn jaina AcArya hemacandra ne apane zabdAnuzAsana meM mallavAdI ke "nyAsa" meM se uddharaNa die haiN| hemacandra ne apane dhyAkaraNa kI vRhatI TIkA meM bhI isa mallavAdI ko smaraNa kiyA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki jaina paramparA meM vAmana aura usake zvetAmbara TIkAkAra mallavAdI kA gauravapUrNa sthAna thA jo siddha karatA hai ki vAmana svayaM bhI jaina the| durbhAgya se vAmana kA vyAkaraNa grantha "vizrAntavidyAdhara" aura usa para mallavAdI kA "nyAsa" donoM hI upalabdha nahIM haiN| vAmana kA samaya 5vIM sadI I0 aura mallavAdI kA samaya chaThI sadI I0 ke Asa-pAsa kA mAnA jAtA hai| vardhamAna ke gaNaratnamahodadhi ke sAkSya para aisA niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki vAmana ne apane grantha para svayaM hI "bRhatvRtti" aura "laghuvRtti" ye do TIkAeM likhI thii| vAmana ke gaNapATha kA ullekha bhI vardhamAna ne kiyA hai| pAlyakIrti jaina paramparA meM yApanIya sampradAya ke AcArya pAtyakIrti ne eka prasiddha jaina vyAkaraNa kI racanA kI thI jo "jaina zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa" ke nAma se prasiddha hai / mUlataH pAlyakIrti racita vyAkaraNa kA nAma "zabdAnuzAsana" hai| isa vyAkaraNa ko jaina paramparA meM evaM samagra vyAkaraNa paramparA meM kitanA mahatvapUrNa sthAna milA thA, isake do udAharaNa dene paryApta raheMge / eka yaha ki pAlyakIrti yApanIya sampradAya ke AcArya the / yApanIya sampradAya digambara jaina aura zvetAmbara- ina donoM kA madhyavartI sampradAya mAnA jAtA thaa| jaba jaina samAja meM isa sampradAya kA pracalana samApta ho gayA to digambara aura zvetAmbara -- ina donoM sampradAyoM ne pAlyakIrti ko apanA-apanA sampradAyAnuvartI siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| dUsarA yaha ki samagra saMskRta vyAkaraNa kI paramparA meM pAlyakIrti ke grantha ko itanA adhika sammAna milA ki prAcIna kAla meM pANinipUrvavartI mahAn vyAkaraNa-niruktakAra zAkaTAyana ke stara kA vaiyAkaraNa mAnate hue pAlyakIrti ke vyAkaraNa ko bhI "zAkaTAyana" athavA "jaina zAkaTAyana" ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA / pAlyakIrti ke zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa ke mahatva kA pratipAdana isa vyAkaraNa para yazovarmA dvArA likhita TIkA meM eka zloka ke mAdhyama se kiyA gayA hai-- AcArya pAlyakIrti ne apane vyAkaraNa kI svopajJavRtti meM "adahadamoghavarSo'rAtIn", "aruNadveNaH pANDyAn" Adi dRSTAMtoM ke mAdhyama se rASTrakUTa vaMza ke rAjA amoghavarSa kI ina ghaTanAoM kI ora saMketa kiyA hai jo lekhaka ke apane jIvana meM ghaTIM / usane apanI vRtti kA nAma bhI amoghA vRtti rakhA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki pAtyakIrti rAjA amoghavarSa ke samasAmayika kiMvA usake sabhAratna haiN| amoghavarSa kA rAjyakAla 814 I0 se mAnA jAtA hai|' isa AdhAra para pAlyakIrti kA samaya IsA kI 9 vIM sadI sthira kiyA jAtA hai| "indracandrAdibhiH zAbdairyaduktataM zabdalakSaNam / tadihAsti samastaM ca nehAsti na tat kvcit|" yadyapi pAtyakIrti yApanIya jaina sampradAya ke agraNI AcArya mAne jAte haiM, para unake vyAkaraNa ke eka sUtra "ghoSanAdevu c" (3, 3, 178) ke AdhAra para paM0 yudhiSThira mImAMsaka' ne unheM prArambha meM vaidika matAnuyAyI mAnA hai jinakA gotra zAkaTAyana ha aura jo sambhavataH taittirIya zAkhA ke adhyetA brAhmaNa the / pAlyakIrti kA zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa zAstrIya dRSTi se bahuta mahatvapUrNa vyAkaraNa hai| isakI kucha vizeSatAeM isa prakAra haiM : jahAM jainendra vyAkaraNa pAMca adhyAyoM meM hai vahAM yaha vyAkaraNa cAra adhyAyoM meM hI hai / pratyeka adhyAya meM cAra-cAra pAda hone ke kAraNa pUre vyAkaraNa meM kula solaha pAda haiM aura sUtroM kI kula saMkhyA 3236 hai / 1. 2. kucha saMzodhanoM ke sAtha pAtyakIrti ne pANinIya vyAkaraNa kI viziSTatAoM kA pUrA-pUrA upayoga kiyA hai / pANini ke pratyAhAra sUtra "RlRk" ko "Rk" kara diyA gayA hai kyoMki R aura lR eka hI ho gae haiN| saMskRta bhASA meM lRkA prayoga vaidika sAhitya ke bAda nAmamAtra ko bhI nahIM huA hai| isI prakAra 'hyavarad' aura 'laN' ina do sUtroM ko milA kara eka kara diyA gayA hai| 1. "manumallavAdinaM tArkikAH " hema, 2 2 36. 2. " vAmanastu vRhadvatI yavAmASeti paThati" - gaNaraznamahodadhi / 3. mImAMsaka, yu0 saM0 vyA0 zA0 kA itihAsa bhAga-2, sa0 2016, pR0 149. 4. Majumdar (ed) History and Culture of Indian people, Vol. V. 1964, p. 8. 5. saMskRta vyAkaraNa zAstra kA itihAsa, bhAga 2, 1962 pR0 saM0 1978. jaina prAcya vidyAeM 123

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3. pAlyakIrti naM apane vyAkaraNa meM saMjJAoM ke nAmakaraNa meM jainendra kI naI kintu durUha zailI kA anusaraNa na karake pANini kI aneka anvartha (yadyapi mahatI) saMjJAoM ko yathAvat grahaNa kara liyA hai| isa prakAra kI saMjJAoM meM saMyoga, anunAsika, hrasva, dIrgha, pluta, pratyaya, avyaya, dhAtu, taddhita, Adeza, sadRza saMjJAeM ullekhanIya haiN| 4. jahAM jainendra ke vyAkaraNa meM pANini ke pratyAhAra sUtroM ko AdhAra mAna liyA gayA hai, vahAM usI vyAkaraNa ke zabdArNava (vRddhapATha)para zAkaTAyana ke pratyAhArasUtroM kA prabhAva mAnA gayA hai| isa vyAkaraNa kI vizeSatA kA pratipAdana karate hue TIkAkAra yajJavarmA kA kathana hai ki pAlyakIrti ne apane sUtroM meM hI pataMjali kI iSTiyoM, upasaMkhyAnoM aura vaktavyoM (arthAt vArtikoM) kA samAveza kara liyA hai ata: unheM alaga se par3hane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai "iSTirneSTA na vaktavyaM vaktavyaM sUtrataH pRthak / saMkhyAtaM nopasaMkhyAtaM yasya zabdAnuzAsane // " yadyapi pAlyakIrti kA pUrA vyAkaraNa utsarga-apavAda zailI para hI likhA huA hai, tathApi liMga aura samAsAnta prakaraNa ko samAsa meM tathA ekazeSa ko dvandva prakaraNa meM rakhakara prakriyA zailI kA eka sImA taka anusaraNa kiyA jisakA bIjavapana kAtantra dhyAkaraNa meM ho cukA thA paravartI kAla meM haima vyAkaraNa meM jisako aura adhika Age bar3hAyA gyaa| zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa para mukhya rUpa se do vRttiyAM haiN| eka vRtti svayaM pAlyakIrti ne apane AzrayadAtA amoghavarSa ke nAma se likhI aura use amodhA nAma diyA jisa kA saMketa hama Upara kara Ae haiN| yaha bahuta mahatvapUrNa vRtti hai jisake bAre meM pAlyakIrti ke vyAkaraNa ke dusare vRttikAra yajJavarmA kA mata hai ki isameM gaNapATha, dhAtupATha, liMgAnuzAsanapATha aura uNAdi ke alAvA sampUrNa vyAkaraNa A gayA haigaNadhAtupAThayogena dhAtUna liMgAnuzAsane liMgagatam / auNAdikAnuNAdau zeSaM nizzeSamatra vRttau vidyAt amoghAvRtti para prabhAcandra ne eka nyAsa likhA jo vRtti ko saMkSipta rUpa meM prastuta karane kA eka prayAsa thA-"tasyAtimahatIM vatti saMhatyeyaM lghiiysii|" yajJavarmA dvArA likhita cintAmaNi vRtti bhI saMkSepa para adhika bala de rahI hai-"samasta vAGamayaM vetti varSeNakena / " inake atirikta AcArya abhayacandra ne pAlyakIrti ke vyAkaraNa ke AdhAra para prakriyAsaMgraha" nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI jimakA anakaraNa bhAvasena ne 'zAkaTAyana-TIkA" aura dayAlapAla mani ne rUpasiddhi" nAmaka grantha meM kiyaa| paM0 ambAlAla zAha kI sUcanA ke anusAra pAlyakIrti ne sUtra pATha ke atirikta dhAtupATha aura liMgAnuzAsanapATha kI bhI racanA kI thii| jahA~ dhAtupATha kA prakAzana paM0 gaurIlAla jaina ne kucha samaya pUrva karavAyA thA, vahA~ liMgAnuzAsanapATha abhI taka aprakAzita hai| isakI hastalikhita prati upalabdha hai jisameM 70 padya haiN| buddhisAgara sUri-aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki zvetAmbara jaina AcAryoM kI paramparA meM buddhisAgara suri prathama vidvAna haiM jinhoMne vyAkaraNa grantha kI racanA kI thii| yaha grantha isa samaya upalabdha hai| buddhisAgara sUri apane samaya ke zreSTha vidvAna the jinhoMne vyAkaraNa ke atirikta chandaHzAstra kI bhI racanA kI thii| buddhisAgara mUri ke jIvana ke sambandha meM koI vizeSa paricaya prApta nahIM hotaa| para unake dvArA likhita vyAkaraNa ke aMta meM eka zloka milatA hai jisake AdhAra para paM0 mImAMsaka ne yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki AcArya baddhisAgara suri kA samaya vikrama kI gyArahavIM sadI kA uttarArdha hai| yadi uparyukta zloka prAmANika hai to isakI sahAyatA se hama yaha niSkarSa bhI nikAla sakate haiM ki buddhisAgara kI karmasthalI madhyabhArata kA jAbAlipura (vartamAna jabalapura) rahI hogii| AcArya buddhisAgara sUri kA vyAkaraNagrantha Ajakala aprakAzita avasthA meM upalabdha hai| parantu isake maulika hone meM sandeha mAnA jAtA hai / AcArya ke nAma se hI inake grantha ko 'buddhisAgara vyAkaraNa" kahA jAtA hai, para "paJcagranthI" aura "zabdalakSma" isake 1. jaina sAhitya kA vRhada itihAsa bhAga 5 pu021. 2 zrI vikramAdityanarendrakAlAt sAzItike yAti samAsahasra sazrIkajAbAlipure tadAdya bdha mayA saptasahasrakalpam / 3 saMskRta vyAkaraNa zAstra kA itihAma, bhAga 1, pR0 561 / / 4. jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa, bhAga 5, 10 22, 0 Ti03. 124 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNajI mahArAja abhinandana graMtha

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anya do nAma bhI haiM / Upara (bhUmikA bhAga meM) kahA jA cukA hai ki buddhisAgara sUri ne jaina vyAkaraNa granthoM kI racanA kA kAraNa brAhmaNoM dvArA kie jAne vAle vyaMgya bANoM meM nihita apamAna ko mAnA hai| ina uparyukta zlokoM ke AdhAra para kaha sakate haiM ki AcArya ko apane grantha kA nAma "zabdalakSma" vizeSa priya rahA hogaa| "pramAlakSmaprAnta" meM yaha spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki buddhisAgara sari ne apane vyAkaraNa grantha kI racanA pUrvavartI vaiyAkaraNoM ke granthoM ke AdhAra para kI thI tathA sAtha hI AcArya ne dhAtupATha, gaNapATha aura uNAdipATha kI bhI racanA kI thI- zrI buddhisAgarAcAryaH pANini-candra-jainendra vizrAnta-durga TIkAmavalokya dhAtu sUtra gaNoNAdivRtabandhaiH saha kRtaM vyAkaraNaM saMskRtazabda-prAkRtazabda siddhaye / " isake atirikta AcArya ne liMgAnuzAsanapATha kI bhI racanA kI thI jisakA saMketa AcArya hemacandra ne do bAra kiyA hai| prabhAvakacarita meM likhA hai ki isa vyAkaraNa kA parimANa ATha sahasra zloka thaa| vidvAnoM ko dhAraNA hai ki yaha parimANa AcArya dvArA likhita sabhI pAThoM se yukta sampUrNa vyAkaraNa kA mAnA jAnA cAhie / bhadrezvara sari-jainendra-paravartI jaina vaiyAkaraNoM meM sUtrapATha, dhAtupATha, gaNapATha, uNAdipATha, liMgAnuzAsanapATha-isa prakAra paMcAMga vyAkaraNa ke nirmANa kI paramparA ke prati bahata adhika zraddhA pratIta hotI hai| "zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa" meM ye pA~coM pATha the yA nahIM aisA kucha nizcita rUpa se kaha pAnA kaThina pratIta hotA hai / AcArya buddhisAgara sUri ne sambhavataH pAMcoM pAThoM kI racanA kI thii| AcArya bhadrezvara sUri dvArA racita vyAkaraNa kA koI bhI pATha isa samaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| inake vyAkaraNa kA nAma dIpaka thA aisA vardhamAna ke gaNaratnamahodadhi se jJAta hotA hai| parantu yaha vyAkaraNa Ajakala upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / / AcArya bhadrezvarasUri ne sUtrapATha ke atirikta dhAtupATha, gaNapATha, aura liMgAnuzAsanapATha kI bhI racanA kI thI aisA anya ullekhoM se jJAta hotA hai| sAyaNaviracita mAdhavIyAdhAtuvRtti ke prAmANya se aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki zrI bhadrezvara sUri ne dhAtupATha kI racanA thii| dUsarI ora vardhamAna ke hI sAkSya se aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki bhadrezvara sUri ne gaNapATha aura liMgAnuzAsanapATha kI racanA kI thii| bhadrezvara sUri kA kAla vardhamAna se pUrva 11vIM sadI aura 12vIM sadI I0 ke madhya meM mAnA jAtA hai| AcArya bhadrezvara sUri buddhi sAgara sUri ke samAna zvetAmbara jaina sampradAya ke anuyAyI the / / AcArya hemacandra sUri-jainendra paravartI jaina byAkaraNa meM hI nahIM apitu sampUrNa jaina vyAkaraNa paramparA aura sampUrNa saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke itihAsa meM AcArya hemacandra sUri kA nAma svarNAkSaroM meM likhA jAne yogya hai| vyAkaraNa aura vyAkaraNetara.-donoM nikAyoM meM hemacandra kA yogadAna itanA adabhata rahA hai ki kRtajJa vidvajjagata unheM 'kalikAla sarvajJa' ke nAma se jAnatA hai| apane AzrayadAtA rAjA siddharAja jayasiMha ke Adeza se unhoMne jisa vyAkaraNagrantha kI racanA kI usakA saMyukta nAma unhoMne rakhA-siddha-haimazabdAnuzAsana / AcArya hemacandra ke jIvana aura kAla ke sambandha meM kucha sAmagrI prApta hotI hai| inakA janma kArtika pUNimA vikrama saM0 1145 meM huA mAnA jAtA hai| hemacandra ke pitA cAca athavA caci vaidika matAvalambI the jabaki mAtA pAhinI jainamatAvalambinI thii| mAM kI kRpA evaM AzIrvAda se hemacandra ne zvetAmbara jaina AcArya candradevari kA ziSyatva grahaNa kiyaa| vidyA-adhyayana karane ke bAda hemacandra ne jina granthoM kI racanA kI unakA sambandha vyAkaraNa, nyAya, dharma, kAvya, chanda Adi se hai| AcArya hemacandra sUri kA dehAvasAna 84 varSa kI Ayu meM huaa| AcArya hemacandra kA zabdAnazAsana kaI daSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa hai| sampUrNa jaina saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM jo tIna sampradAya atyadhika mahattvapUrNa mAne jAte haiM--jainendra, zAkaTAyana aura haima-inameM se isakA mahattva sabase adhika hai| yaha ekamAtra jaina vyAkaraNa hai jisake bAre meM nizcita rUpa se kaha sakate haiM ki yaha "paMcAMga vyAkaraNa" thA kyoMki yaha usI rUpa meM Aja bhI upalabdha hai| prabandhacintAmaNi' meM isakA spaSTa saMketa bahata hI vicitra DhaMga se prApta hotA hai ki AcArya ne paMcAMga-vyAkaraNa kI racanA eka hI varSa meM parI kara lI thI "hemacandrAcAryaH zrIsiddhahemAmidhAnAmidhaM paMcAMgamapi vyAkaraNaM sapAdalakSa parimAgaM saMvatsareNa racayAMcakre / yadi zrI siddharAjaH sahAyIbhavati tadA katipayaireva dinai: paMcAMgamapi nUtanaM vyAkaraNaM racayAmahe / " yadi yaha satya hai to hemacandra kI vilakSaNa pratibhA kI hama kevala kalpanA hI kara sakate haiN| 1. udarama jaTharavyAdhi yuddhAni / jaThare viliMgamiti buddhisaagrH| (uda ma) viliMgo'yamiti buddhisAgara / / 2. "zrI buddhisAgaramUrizcake vyAkaraNaM navama / bahasrASTakamAna taddhIbuddhisAgarAmidham / " 3 meghAvinaH prAradIpakakatyaktA: "-gaNaratna mahodadhi, 101. isakI vyAkhyA meM svaya vardhamAna likhate haiM-" dIpaka kartA bhdrshvrsriH| pravarazcAsau dIpaka kartA ca pravaradIpakakarmA / prAdhAnyaM cAsyAdhunika vaiyAkaraNApekSayA / " 4. pR0 160. jaina prAcya vidyAe~ 125

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haimazabdAnuzAsana kI eka pramukha vizeSatA yaha hai ki yaha vyAkaraNa pANinIya utsarga apavAda zailI para AdhArita na hokara vizuddha prakriyA zailI para AdhArita hai| yadyapi aSTAdhyAyI ke samAna haima vyAkaraNa meM bhI ATha adhyAya haiM para isameM sUtroM kA krama viSayAnusAra hai| isa anuzAsana meM kramazaH saMjJA, svarasandhi, vyaMjanasandhi, nAma, kAraka, strIpratyaya, samAsa, AkhyAna, kRdanta aura taddhita prakaraNoM kA vivecana hai| haima vyAkaraNa meM, anya jaina vyAkaraNoM ke samAna, svara,vaidika prakaraNa kA abhAva hai| parantu haima anuzAsana meM jisa naI paddhati kA prArambha kiyA gayA hai vaha yaha hai ki isake antima adhyAya meM prAkRta evaM apabhraMza bhASA ke niyamoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi hemacandra dvArA likhA gayA yaha vyAkaraNa prathama prAkRta vyAkaraNa nahIM hai, para hemacandra sadRza mahAn vaiyAkaraNa AcArya dvArA saMskRta bhASA ke vyAkaraNa meM prAkRta bhASA kA vyAkaraNa jor3a denA jahAM eka ora prAkRta bhASA ke mahattva ko vidvajjagat meM supratiSThita karatA hai vahAM AcArya kI tulanAtmaka vyAkaraNa dRSTi ko bhI paripuSTa karatA hI hai| apane vyAkaraNa ko sarvagrAhya banAne kI dRSTi se hemacandra ne apane se pUrvavartI prAya: sabhI mahatvazAlI vyAkaraNa granthoM se sahAyatA lI hai| pANini vyAkaraNa se sahAyatA lenA hemacandra kI udAra vyAkaraNa dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai| isake atirikta zarvavarmA ke kAtantra vyAkaraNa, bhoja ke sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa sadRza jainetara tathA jainendra aura zAkaTAyana sadRza jaina vyAkaraNoM kA prabhUta yogadAna siddhahaimazabdAnuzAsana ke nirmANa meM mAnA jAtA hai| jainendra kI mahAvRtti aura zAkaTAyana kI amoghAvRtti se hemacandra ne paryApta niyamoM ko yathAvat grahaNa kara liyA hai| udAharaNatayA pANini ke "nityaM haste pANAvupayamane" (1. 4. 77) zAkaTAyana ke "nityaM haste pANI svIkRtau" (1. 1. 36) aura haima ke "nityaM haste pANau pANAvud vAhe" (3. 1. 55) meM samAnatA spaSTa hai| siddhahaimazabdAnazAsana ATha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta sUtrapATha hai| pratyeka adhyAya meM cAra pAda haiN| prArambha ke sAta adhyAyoM meM saMskRta bhASA ke tathA aMtima AThaveM adhyAya meM prAkRta aura apabhraMza bhASAoM ke niyama haiN| isa prakAra sUtroM kI saMkhyA eka se sAta adhyAyoM taka 3566 tathA AThaveM adhyAya meM 1116 aura kula milAkara 4685 hai jo pANinIya aSTAdhyAyI ke 3666 sutroM se lagabhaga ra mo adhika hai| isa satrapATha para AcArya kI svopajJA vRttiyAM hai / ye vRttiyAM aneka prakAra kI haiN| inameM se eka laghvI vatti chaha sahasra praloka parimANa kI, dUsarI madhyAvRtti bAraha sahasra zloka parimANa kI tathA tIsarI bRhatI vRtti aThAraha sahasra zloka parimANa kI mAnI jAtI hai| aisA svAbhAvika rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye vRttiyAM alaga-alaga stara ke pAThakoM ke lie likhI gaI hoNgii| ina tIna vattiyoM ke atirikta hemacandra ne nabbe sahasra zloka parimANa kA zabdamahArNavanyAsa athavA bahanyAsa bhI likhA thA jo aba aMzata: hI upalabdha aura prakAzita hai / isa samaya yaha nyAsa prArambha ke nau pAdoM taka hI prakAzita rUpa meM milatA hai| hemacandra ke atirikta anya katipaya vidvAnoM ne bhI isa zabdAnuzAsana para vRttiyAM likhI thiiN| velvAlkara ne ina vRttikAroM ke nAma dhanacandra, jinasAgara jaya saubhAgya, devendra sUri, vinayavijayagaNi, meghavijaya ginavAe haiM / para Aja ina sabake grantha anupalabdha haiN| AcArya ne apane grantha meM apane se parvavartI prAyaH sabhI pramakha vayAkaraNoM kA nAma sAdara smaraNa kiyA hai jinameM pANini, pAlyakIrti sahita jaina-ajaina sabhI vaiyAkaraNa haiN| bhaToji dIkSita ne jisa prakAra pANinIya aSTAdhyAyI kA pUrNa prakriyA rUpAntara apane vikhyAta grantha siddhAMtakaumaTI meM kiyA hai. usI prakAra siddha haimazabdAnuzAsana kA pUrNaprakriyA rUpAntara upAdhyAya meghavijaya ne sana 1700 meM candraprabhA nAmaka kiyA thaa| isa grantha kA dUsarA nAma hemakomudI bhI hai| isa grantha meM kucha zabdarUpoM kI siddhi pANinIya tantra ke AdhAra para bhI kara dI gaI hai| prAcIna kAla meM kisI vaiyAkaraNa ko apanA sampradAya sthApita karane ke lie vyAkaraNa ke pAMcoM pAThoM kI racanA karanI paratI thI aisA hama Upara kaha Ae haiN| isa dRSTi se, upalabdha granthoM ke AdhAra para, yaha nissandeha kahA jA sakatA hai ki pANini ke nahI vAstavika arthoM meM sampradAya pravartaka vaiyAkaraNa hue haiN| pUrNa vaijJAnikatA aura maulikatA ke bAvajUda hemacandra kA samprazAya pANini sampradAya ke samAna uttarAdhikAriyoM kI eka zreSTha paramparA se maNDita kyoM na ho sakA, isake kAraNoM kA vivecana Avazyaka sa bhI prastata nibandha kI sImAoM meM nahIM ho paaegaa| para itanA nizcita hai ki hemacandra ne sUtrapATha ke atirikta dhAtupATha, gaNa-' pATha, uNAdipATha aura liMgAnuzAsana pATha kI racanA pUrNa vimarza ke sAtha kI thii| prathama zatAbdI I0 ma kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa meM jisa viSayAnusArI krama ko prArambha kiyA gayA thA, kama-adhika mAtrA meM Age bar3hate-bar3ate vaha krama haima ana. zAsana meM adhika paripakva rUpa meM dekhane ko milatA hai| 2. upAdhyAya, baladeva, saMskRta zAstroM kA itihAsa, 1966, pR0589, 3. Belvalkar, Systems of Sanskrit Gramnar, p. 75. 126 AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana anya

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hemacandra ke dhAtupATha kA nAma hemadhAtupArAyaNa hai / samasta dhAtupATha nau gaNoM meM vibhakta hai / pANini ke dasa gaNoM meM se juhotyAdigaNa ko adAdigaNa meM samAviSTa kara liyA gayA hai| samasta dhAtuoM kI saMkhyA 1980 hai / hemacandra ne do prakAra kI dhAtu svIkAra kI haiM-guDa aura pratyayAnta jahAM zuddha dhAtuoM meM bhU gam, paDh Adi kA samAveza hotA hai vahAM kAri, cori, bhAvi, gu jugups, kaNDUya sadRza dhAtu pratyayAnta haiN| hemacandra ne phakk (nirmANa), khoDa ( ghAta), jhim (khAnA), pUlI (tRNocvaya karanA) sadRza dhAtu bhI kalpita kI jo janasAmAnya meM prayukta zabdoM ke saMskRtIkaraNa kA prayAsa kahI jA sakatI hai| dhAtupATha para hemacandra kI svopajJA vRtti ke atirikta guNaratnasUri ne bhI eka vRtti kI racanA kI thii| hemacandra kA likhA gaNapATha svayaM AcArya dvArA likhe zabdAnuzAsana para svopajJA bRhatIvRtti meM saMkalita upalabdha hotA hai / jo gaNa vahAM nahIM A pAe haiM unakA saMkalana vijayanIti sUri ne apanI siddhahema - bRhatprakriyA" meM kara diyA hai| AcArya ke gaNapATha para AkSepa karate hue belvAlkara ne likhA haiM ki usameM pAlyakIrti ke zabdAnuzAsana aura usakI amoghAvRti kA andhAnukaraNa kI sImA taka Azraya liyA gayA hai| jabaki paM0 mImAMsaka kA kathana hai ki hama gaNapATha meM pAlyakIrti ke anukaraNa ke bAvajUda maulikatA hai / hemacandra kA uNAdipATha sabase adhika vistRta pATha mAnA jAtA hai| isa pATha meM 1006 sUtra haiN| isa para AcArya kI svopajJA vRtti bhI hai| hemacandra kA ligAnuzAsana pATha 138 zlokoM meM hai jo bahuta adhika vistRta mAnA jAtA hai| isameM zabdoM ke liganirdeza kaI AdhAra para nizcita kie gae haiM jabaki pANini ke pATha meM kevala pratyayoM ko hI liMganirdhAraNa kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| isa navInatA kA kAraNa bhI spaSTa hai| hemacandra apane samaya ke mahAn kozakAra the aura unakA vibhinna zabdoM aura prayogoM kA jJAna adbhuta thii| usI kA prabhAva unake liMgAnuzAsanapATha para bhI hai| hemacandra ne apane zabdAnuzAsana ke anukUla eka paribhASApATha bhI likhA thA jisameM 50 paribhASAe~ saMkalita haiN| inake atirikta haima sampradAya ke eka anya AcArya hemahaMsagaNi ne 84 anya paribhASAoM kA eka pUraka paribhASAsaMgraha likhA hai / haimavyAkaraNa meM paribhASAe~ nyAyasUtroM ke nAma se jAnI jAtI haiM / AcArya hemacandra ke paMcAMga vyAkaraNa para vizAla TIkA upaTIkA sampatti prApta hotI hai| isa samasta sAmagrI kA vizleSaNa nibandha kI svAbhAvika sImAoM ko dekhate hue sambhava nahIM hai / vardhamAna - 12vIM sadI ke vikhyAta jaina AcArya vardhamAna apane ekamAtra vyAkaraNagrantha gaNaratnamahodadhi ke kAraNa saMskRta vyAkaraNa frera meM atyadhika prasiddhi ko prApta hue haiN| vardhamAna kA sambandha zvetAmbara jaina sampradAya ke sAtha mAnA jAtA hai / para unakA grantha kisI vizeSa jaina vyAkaraNa sampradAya se sambandha rakhatA ho aisA pratIta nahIM hotaa| kucha saMzodhakoM ne aisA siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki pAlyakIrti ke zAkaTAyana-vyAkaraNa meM jo dhAtu Ate haiM unakA saMkalana vardhamAna ne kiyA hai| aisA mAna lene para gaNaratnamahodadhi kI sarvasvIkRta AkaratA saMdigdha ho jAtI hai| vastutaH vardhamAna ke grantha meM zAkaTAyana aura haima sadRza jaina sampradAyoM ke gaNapAThoM kA, candraNomi sadRza bauddha vyAkaraNa sampradAya ke gaNapATha kA tathA pANini aura kAtyAyana ke svaravaidika prakaraNa se vyatirikta gaNapATha kA mahAn saMkalana kara diyA gayA hai / isa para vardhamAna kI svopajJA TIkA bhI hai| ina pramukha vaiyAkaraNoM ke atirikta anya jina vaiyAkaraNoM kA ullekha vardhamAna ne kiyA hai unake nAma hai- abhayanaMdI, aruNavatta, bhayara sudhAkara, vAmana, bhoja Adi vardhamAna ke gaNaratnamahodadhi kI vizeSatAeM nimnalikhita hai | ( 1 ) isa grantha meM uparyukta aneka prakAra ke vyAkaraNasampradAyoM ke gaNapAThoM kA saMkalana hai, para pramukha rUpa se yaha jaina sampradAya kA hI gaNapATha saMgraha hai kyoMki pANini ke svaravaidika sambandhI gaNoM ko sammilita na karake vardhamAna ne apanI jaina dRSTi kA spaSTa paricaya diyA hai| (2) isa grantha meM uddhRta vibhinna gaNoM ke aneka pAThAntara bhI die gae haiM jinakA ullekha "eke"; "anye" ; "apare" Adi kI sahAyatA se kiyA gayA hai / (3) gaNapAThoM kA saMkalana karate samaya vardhamAna ne aneka prayogoM ke udAharaNa bhI die haiN| isa prakriyA meM vardhamAna ne aneka kaviyoM ke zlokoM ko bhI uddhRta kiyA hai| 1. Belvalkar, Systems of Sanskrit Grammer. p. 76. 2. mImAMsaka. saM vyA0 zA0 kA itihAsa bhAga 2, pR0 157 / jana prApya vidyAeM 127

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(4) vardhamAna ne pANini ke kucha lambe sUtroM ko gaNarUpa meM parivartita kara diyA hai| gaNaratnamahodadhi para svayaM vardhamAna kI eka svopajJAvRtti hai| isake atirikta gaMgAdhara aura govardhana ne bhI isa para TIkAe~ likhI thiiN| vardhamAna siddharAja jayasiMha ke Azraya meM rhe| ye vahI siddharAja haiM jo hemacandra ke AzrayadAtA the| isase vardhamAna AcArya hemacandra ke samakAlIna siddha hote haiN| hemacandra kA samaya vikrama kI bArahavIM sadI kA uttarArdha hai| ataH yahI samaya vardhamAna kA bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| apane AzrayadAtA kI stuti meM vardhamAna ne "siddharAjavarNana" nAmaka grantha likhA thA jisake padyoM ko usane apane gaNaratnamahodadhi meM udAharaNasvarUpa bhI prastuta kiyA hai| jainendra paravartI jaina vyAkaraNa kI paramparA meM hemacandra ke bAda vardhamAna ko chor3akara koI ullekhanIya nAma sAmane nahIM AtA hai| isa prasaMga meM kucha vidvAn AcArya malayagiri sUri viracita muSTikA vyAkaraNa, sahajakIrti gaNi ke zabdArNava vyAkaraNa, jayasiMhasarikA "natanavyAkaraNa" mani premalAbha kA "premalAbhavyAkaraNa", dAnavijaya kA kA 'zabdabhUSaNa vyAkaraNa" Adi vyAkaraNagranthoM kA nAma lete haiN| ye sabhI vyAkaraNa kisI bhI rUpa meM apane astitva kI chApa nahIM chor3a pAe aura kisI na kisI rUpa meM haimavyAkaraNa se prabhAvita rhe| isa prakAra haimatantra ke sAtha hI jaina paramparA meM maulika vyAkaraNa granthoM kI zrRMkhalA meM virAma sA A jAtA hai| (kha) janetara vyAkaraNa evaM jaina prAcArya jaisA ki isa nibandha kI bhUmikA meM hI kahA jA cukA hai jaina vaiyAkaraNoM ne jaina-itara vaiyAkaraNa sampradAyoM kI zrIvRddhi meM bhI apanA bahumUlya yogadAna kiyA hai / yahA~ usakA saMkSepa meM adhyayana kiyA jA rahA hai / pANinIya vyAkaraNa-pANinIya vyAkaraNa para jaina AcAryoM kA bhASya vRtti sambandhI kArya bahuta kama upalabdha hotA hai, aura aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pANinIya vyAkaraNa para jaina AcAryoM ne bahuta kama likhA hai| vibhinna ullekhoM se aisA pramANita hotA hai ki jainendra vyAkaraNa ke racayitA pUjyapAda devanandI ne pANini vyAkaraNa para "zabdAvatAra nyAsa" kI TIkA likhI thii| yaha TIkA isa samaya upalabdha nahIM hai| zimogA jile kI "nagara" tahasIla ke eka saMskRta zilAlekha (43vA~ lekha) meM sragdharA chanda meM bane eka zloka meM pUjyapAda ke granthoM kA ullekha hai jisake pahale pAda meM AcArya ke "pANinIyanyAsa" kA spaSTa ullekha hai-'nyAsaM jainendra saMjJa" sakalabadhanataM pANinIyasya (bhuuyH)|" isI prakAra vRttavilAsa ne dharmaparIkSA nAmaka kannar3a kAvya meM isa prakAra ke eka grantha kA saMketa diyA hai| 17vIM sadI meM vizvezvara sUri nAmaka eka jaina vidvAn ne bhI aSTAdhyAyI para eka TIkA likhI thI jo Aja aMzataH (kevala prAraMbha ke tIna adhyAoM taka) hI upalabdha hai| isa vyAkhyA para bhaTToji dIkSita kA nAma sthAna-sthAna para uddhRta kiyA gayA hai jisase siddha hotA hai ki vyAkhyAkAra bhaTToji se prabhAvita hai| __ina vyAkhyAoM ke atirikta pANinIya tantra para anya kisI mahatvapUrNa jaina prayAsa ke pramANa prApta nahIM hote| kAtantra vyAkaraNa-jaina AcAryoM dvArA jainetara saMskRta vyAkaraNa sampradAyoM meM se kAtantra aura sArasvata vyAkaraNoM ko bahuta adhika yoga diyA gayA hai| isakA kAraNa sambhavataH yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki vaidika bhASAoM ke niyamoM kI bhI pratipAdikA hone ke kAraNa yahAM pANinIya aSTAdhyAyI ke prati jaina AcAryoM meM utsAha kI kamI thI vahAM kAtantra aura sArasvata ina do mahatvapUrNa pANini-paravartI vyAkaraNa sampradAyoM meM vaidika bhASA ke niyamoM ko koI vizeSa sthAna prApta na thaa| isalie jaina AcAryoM ne ina do vyAkaraNoM para vizeSa TIkA sampati pradAna kii| jahA~ taka kAtantravyAkaraNa kA sambandha hai, kucha saMzodhaka ise bhI eka jaina vyAkaraNa hI mAnanA cAhate haiM, yadyapi paramparA evaM pramANoM se yaha bAta puSTa nahIM hotii| paM0 ambAlAla zAha ke zabdoM ma'--''somadeva ke kathAsaritsAgara ke anusAra (kAtantrakAra) ajaina siddha hote haiM, parantu bhAvasena vidya ratnamAlA meM inako jaina batAte haiN|" vastutaH sabhI pramANa kAtantravyAkaraNa ko jainetara hI siddha karate haiN| (1) kAtantrakAra zarvavarmA ne svayaM ko kisI bhI rUpa meM jaina nahIM kahA hai| (2) sampUrNa saMskRta vAGamaya meM zarvavarmA jaina nahIM kahe gae haiN| (3) isake viparIta agnipurANa aura skandapurANa meM isa vyAkaraNa ko kArtikeya kI kRpA se prApta mAnA jAtA hai jisake AdhAra para ise kAlApa aura kaumAra vyAkaraNa bhI kahA jAtA hai| (4) vyAkaraNa kI paramparA meM ise kAzakRtsna vyAkaraNa (kAkAzakRtsna) kA saMkSepa 1. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 5, pR0 50. 128 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNajajI mahArAja abhinandana grantha

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mAnA gayA hai| (5) isa vyAkaraNa meM vaidika saMskRta ke niyamoM kA abhAva zarvavarmA ke hI zabdoM meM "kSipraprabodhArtha" hai na ki vedoM se bairAgya ke kAraNa hai / (6) isa vyAkaraNa kA pracalana-kSetra baMgAla rahA hai (aura eka sImA taka abhI bhI hai) jo kabhI bhI jaina vidyA kA kendra nahIM rhaa| (16) zramaNa paramparA meM prAraMbha meM yaha vyAkaraNa kevala bauddhoM meM hI lokapriya rahA hai jisake pariNAmasvarUpa isakA dhAtupATha Aja bhI tibbatI bhASA meM prApta hotA hai| kAtantravyAkaraNa ke lekhaka zarvavarmA svayaM cAhe jaina na hoM, para isa vyAkaraNa kI paripUrNatA meM jaina AcAryoM kA bhI pUrA yogadAna rahA hai| zarvavarmA isa bNakaraNa ke AkhyAtAnta bhAga taka ke hI racayitA mAne jAte haiN| jabaki usake kRdanta bhAga ke kartA kAtyAyana mAne jAte haiM / durga siMha kI kAtantravRtti ke prArambha meM hI likhA hai "vRkSAdivadamI rUr3hA na kRtinA kRtA kRtaH / kAtyAyanena te sRSTA vibuddhapratibuddhaye / / kAtyAyana bhI ajaina hI the| parantu isa vyAkaraNa kI mahattA ke saMvardhana meM jaina vidvAn vijayAnanda ke kAtantrottara-vyAkaraNa tathA vardhamAna ke kAtantravistara kA prabhUta yogadAna rahA hai / jaina pustaka prazastisaMgraha (pR0 108) meM vijayAnanda kA dUsarA nAma vidyAnanda kahA gayA hai-"iti vijayAnanda viracite kAtantrottare vidyAnandAparanAmni-" dUsarI ora kAtantravistara ke lekhaka vardhamAna kA sambandha gujarAta ke rAjA karNadeva se jor3A jAtA hai / ina do mahatvapUrNa jaina vistaragranthoM ke atirikta kAtantravyAkaraNa para kucha anya jaina AcAryoM ne bhI grantha likhe / ina graMthoM ko hama tIna vargoM meM bA~Takara dekha sakate haiN| kucha grantha zuddha rUpa se kAtantra para vistaragrantha haiM / Upara likhe do granthoM ke atirikta dharmaghoSasari dvArA likhita caubIsa sahasra zloka pramANavAlA kAtantra bhUSaNa bhI isI koTi kA grantha hai jo kAtantra para AdhArita hai aura usI ko rUpAntara meM prastuta karatA hai| dUsare prakAra ke grantha ve grantha haiM jo zarvavarmA ke vyAkaraNa para vRtti athavA vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM haiN| inameM harSacandra ke lekhakatva se jJAta kAtantra dIpakavRtti tathA somakIti dvArA likhita kAtantravRtipaJjikA ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / kAtantra vyAkaraNa meM pANini ke samAna utsarga-apavAda vidhi kA zithila anukaraNa karane para bhI sUtroM kA krama viSayAnusAra rakhA gayA hai| ataH kucha jaina vidvAnoM ko kAtantra para prakriyAgrantha likhane kA AkarSaNa svAbhAvika hI huaa| aise granthoM meM digambara muni bhAvasena kI kAtantrarUpamAlA tathA usI para kisI anya jaina muni kI laghuvRtti ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| kucha jaina vidvAnoM ne kAtantra para likhI durgasiMha kI TIkA kA pRthak se grantha rUpa meM adhyayana kiyA hai| sArasvata vyAkaraNa-yaha eka Azcarya kA viSaya hai ki kAntrivyAkaraNa na to kisI jaina AcArya dvArA likhA gayA thA aura na hI jaina vidyA ke kisI jJAta kendra meM pracalita rahA hai| isa para bhI isa vyAkaraNa para itanI adhika saMkhyA meM jaina AcAryoM dvArA vividha prakAra ke granthoM kA likhA jAnA Azcaryajaka hai| isa dRSTi se anubhUtisvarUpAcArya dvArA 15vIM sadI meM likhe gae sArasvata vyAkaraNa para aura bhI adhika jaina vidvAnoM dvArA granthoM kA likhA jAnA isalie kama Azcarya kA viSaya hai kyoMki yaha vyAkaraNa jaina vidyA ke pramukha kendra gujarAta meM pracalita rahA hai aura jainoM meM isa vyAkaraNa kA adhyayana-adhyApana prAyaH hotA rahA hai| paM0 azAda ne isa vyAkaraNa para teIsa jainagrantha ginavAe hai / ye sabhI grantha aneka prakAra ke haiN| inameM se kucha grantha sArasvata byAyA TIkA ke rUpa meM haiM jinameM mAlajJAtIya mantrI kA sArasvata maNDana, yazonandIracita yazonandinI TIkA megharatna 3 , aura candrakItimari kI subodhinI prasiddha haiN| kucha grantha vizuddha rUpa se prakriyA zailI meM likhe gae haiM jinameM sArasvata vyAkaraNa ko AdhAra banAyA gayA hai| inameM padmasuMdaramaNi kI sArasvatarUpamAlA tathA nayasundaramuni kI rUparatnamAlA ullekhanIya hai| kucha grantha sArasvata vyAkaraNa ke kucha aMzoM para likhe ge| udAharaNatayA, sArasvata vyAkaraNa ke sandhibhAga para somazIlamuni kI paMcasandhi TIkA paribhASAoM para dayAratnamuni kI nyAyaratnAvalI, harSakItisUri kI dhAtutaraMgiNI tathA upAdhyAya rAjasI kA paMcasaMdhi bA vibodha ke nAma lie jA sakate haiN| ina sabake atirikta 18vIM sadI meM muni Ananda vidhAna ne sArasvata vyAkaraNa para bhASATIkA kI bhI racanA kI dhii| ye sabhI grantha prAyaH aprakAzita avasthA meM vibhinna pustakAlayoM meM hastalikhita rUpa meM haiM aura 15vIM se 18vIM sadI ke madhya likhe ge| upasaMhAra-nibandha kI kucha sahaja sImAe~ hotI haiM jisameM vizleSaNa eka paridhi se Age ho pAnA sambhava nahIM ho pAtA%3B vizleSaNayogya granthoM kI adhikatA ho jAne para unakA koTizaH vivaraNa mAtra hI ho pAtA hai| isa nibandha meM bhI saMskRta vyAkaraNa ko 1. kathAsaritsAgara, lambaka, 1, taraga 6, 7. 2. jaina sAhitya kA bahada itihAsa, bhAga 5, 1055 se / jana prAcya vidyAeM 126

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jaina AcAryoM dvArA jo prabhuta yomadAna huA hai usakI koTiyAM banAkara vivaraNa zailI meM hI vizleSaNa ho pAyA hai / parantu isake AdhAra para hama kucha nizcita niSkarSoM taka pahuMcane kI sthiti meM A jAte haiN| upasaMhAra rUpa meM yahA~ do niSkarSoM taka nirapekSa bhAva se pahuMcane kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai (1) isameM sandeha nahIM hai ki vidvAn jaina AcAryoM ne saMskRta vyAkaraNa kI samRddhi meM prabhUta yogadAna kiyA hai| isa sampUrNa prakriyA meM se tIna jaina vyAkaraNa isa ucca koTi ke siddha hote haiM ki unake pravartakoM ko saMpradAya pravartaka kahA jA sakatA hai / jainendra, zAkaTAyana aura haima-ye tIna vyAkaraNa kevala vyAkaraNa mAtra hI nahIM raha gae apitu vyAkaraNa-sampradAya ke stara ko prApta kara ge| inameM se bhI AcArya hemacandra kA vyAkaraNa, apane pAMcoM vyAkaraNa-pAThoM kI upalabdhi ke kAraNa, maulikatA aura vyAkaraNika guNavattA ke sarvazreSTha jaina vyAkaraNa sampradAya mAnA jA sakatA hai| parantu isa sampUrNa zreSThatA ke rahate bhI yaha vicitra vAstavikatA hai ki koI bhI eka jaina vyAkaraNa sampradAya, yahAM taka ki siddha haima bhI, jaina samudAya meM sarvasvIkRta na ho skaa| isake viparIta ye sabhI vyAkaraNa, janetara sArasvata vyAkaraNa ke sAtha, jaina samudAya meM sthAna-sthAna para adhyayana-adhyApana ke lie pracalita rahe / yaha eka niSkarSa jaina samudAya ke udAra, asaMkIrNa bauddhika cetranA kA paricAyaka hai| apane samudAya ke vidvAnoM dvArA likhita vyAkaraNoM kI paridhi meM unhoMne svayaM ko parisImita nahIM kara liyaa| (2) isa sAmAnya dRSTikoNa paraka niSkarSa ke atirikta jaina vyAkaraNa ke sambandha meM eka viziSTa takanIkaparaka niSkarSa bhI mahatvapUrNa hai| jaina vyAkaraNa kI eka lambI paramparA se hamArA paricaya ho cukA hai| usa lambI paramparA meM takanIka sambandhI do bAteM ubhara kara sAmane AtI haiM : (ka) pANini kI sampUrNa vyAkaraNika prakriyA kA AdhAra prakRti-pratyaya praNAlI hai / sampUrNa jaina vyAkaraNa meM bhI isa praNAlI ko yathAvat svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| eka purAnI paramparA ke uttarAdhikArI ke rUpa meM pANini ne jisa vidhi ko pUrNa paripakvatA aura vaijJAnikatA pradAna kI, usa vidhi kA vikAsa hUMr3ha pAnA bhASAI dRSTi se isalie sambhava nahIM thA kyoMki jahAM eka ora yaha vidhi vizleSaNa kI dRSTi se saMskRta vyAkaraNa kA sahaja aMga bana gaI thI, vahA~ dUsarI ora eka purAnI bhASA ke lie, jo bolacAla kI bhASA nahIM raha gaI thI, vizleSaNa kI nUtana vidhi pratipAdita karanA bhASAI dRSTi se na to sambhava thA aura na hI Avazyaka / (kha) jisa prakAra pANini ne apane vyAkaraNa maiM kucha sajJAeM pUrvAcAryoM se grahaNa kI thIM tathA kucha naI saMjJAoM kA nirmANa kiyA thA usI prakAra jaina vyAkaraNa-zAstra ne aneka saMjJAeM pANini se yathAvat grahaNa kI aura aneka saMjJAoM kA naba-nirmANa kiyaa| ina donoM pakSoM ko dekhate hue yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina AcAryoM ne saMskRta vyAkaraNa kA vizleSaNa pUrI paramparA ke antargata raha kara karate hue viziSTa vaijJAnika takanIka kA paricaya diyA / vratacaryA kriyA meM adhyayana sambandhI nirdeza samrATa bharata ne dvijoM ke lie garbhAdhAna se agranirvRti arthAta garbha se lekara nirvANa paryanta taka mahApurANa 38/50-306) meM tirepana kriyAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| Avazyaka niyamoM ke pAlana ke uparAnta mahApurANa kAra ne vratacaryA nAmaka kriyA ke antargata brahmacArI bAlaka ke adhyayana ke nimitta isa prakAra kA prAvadhAna kiyA hai : sUtramaupAsikaM cAsya syAdadhyeyaM guromukhAta / vinayena tato'nyacca zAstra madhyAtmagocaram / / zabdavidyA'rthazAstrAdi cAdhyeyaM nAsya duSyati / susaMskAraprabodhAya vayAtvakhyAtaye'pi ca // jyotirjJAnamayacchandojJAnaM jJAnaM ca zAkunam / saMkhyAjJAnamitIdaM ca tenAdhyeyaM vizeSataH / / vidyArthI ko sarvaprathama guru ke mukha se zrAvakAcAra par3hanA cAhie aura phira vinayapUrvaka adhyAtmazAstra par3hanA caahie| uttama saMskAroM ko jAgRta karane evaM vidvattA ko prApta karane ke lie vyAkaraNa Adi zabdazAstra aura nyAya Adi arthazAstra kA bhI abhyAsa karanA cAhie, kyoMki AcAra-viSayaka jJAna hone para inake adhyayana karane meM koI doSa nahIM hai| isake bAda, jyotiSazAstra, chandazAstra, zakunazAstra aura gaNitazAstra Adi kA bhI use vizeSa rUpa se adhyayana karanA cAhie / -sampAdaka AcAryaratna zrI vezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha