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________________ Oroges annnnnnnnunnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 352 saMskRta sAhitya aura muslima zAsaka Jain Edu ternational - zrI bha~varalAla nAhaTA 4. jagamohana mallika lena, kalakattA- 700007 nnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnn bhArata meM rAjyatantra ke mAdhyama se islAma kA vistAra huA aura aMgrejI zAsanakAla meM aMgrejI kI bhA~ti rAjyabhASA hone ke kAraNa arabI, phArasI aura urdU kA pracAra huA kintu jana-jIvana meM sabhI prAntoM meM apanI mAtR bhASA hI vizeSatayA pracalita thI / sAhityika bhASAoM meM saMskRta kA pracAra sarvavyApI thA / loka bhASAoM kA vikAsa prAkRta se apabhraMza ke mAdhyama se prAntIya bhASAoM ke rUpa meM hokara nirmANa huA thA ataH musalamAnoM ko bhI apanI mAtRbhASA kA gaurava thA / kivAmakhAnI niyAmatakhA~ Adi ke granthoM meM apanI bhASA aura cauhAna vaMza kA gaurava pada pada para parilakSita hai / abadurrahamAna kA sandeza rAsaka apane pUrvajoM kI bhASA kA jvalanta udAharaNa hai / usa para lakSmI nivAsa ne saMskRta TIkA kA nirmANa kiyA thA / yaha islAma kA sAhityika yogadAna hI kahA jAegA / saMskRta bhASA kI bhA~ti prAkRta bhASA sajIva thI, usakA paryApta pracAra thA / Aja prAkRta durUha lagatI hai para madhyakAla 'vaha bolacAla kI bhASA ke nikaTa hone se saMskRta se bhI sarala par3atI thI / yahI kAraNa hai ki sulatAna alAuddIna khilajI ke rAjyAdhikArI Thakkura pherU ne apane sabhI vaijJAnika granthoM kA nirmANa prAkRta bhASA meM kiyA / yadyapi usameM bolacAla kI bhASA ke zabdoM ko dezya prAkRta rUpa meM prayoga karane meM kaThinAI nahIM thI para jaba prAkRta loka bhASA ke vikAsa aura parivartana ke kAraNa dUra par3ane lagI to unheM samajhane ke lie va artha vistAra ke lie saMskRta TIkAoM kA nirmANa aparihArya ho gayA / ataH paryApta mAtrA meM usakA astitva sAmane AyA / brAhmaNa varga meM vaidika saMskRta jo eka taraha kI prAkRta hI thI, janatA se bilkula alaga ho cukI thI to gata do sahasrAbdiyoM se saMskRta hI bahujanasaMmata aura jIvanta samRddha bhASA ho gaI / rAjasabhA meM vidvad goSThiyA~ aura zAstrArtha Adi saMskAra sampanna logoM ke lie uccastarIya mAdhyama thA / samrAT vikramAditya, bhoja, pRthvIrAja, durlabharAja, siddharAja jayasiMha Adi kI paramparA sabhI zAsakoM meM calatI AI thI, bhale hI vaha kisI bhI varga ke rahe hoM / somasundarasUri ko khambhAta meM daipharakhAna ne vAdi gokula saMkaTa viruda diyA thA / muslima zAsakoM ke darabAra meM goSThiyA~, zAstrArtha Adi kI gauravapUrNa paramparA thii| aura isase sAhitya kI aneka vidhAoM ko protsAhana milatA thA / yahA~ hameM islAma dharma ke anuyAyI zAsakoM ke saMskRta sAhitya ke yogadAna ke sambandha meM kiMcit vivecana apekSita hai / caturtha khaNDa : jaina saMskRti ke vividha AyAma sAdhvIratna kasamavatI abhinandana grantha DW/www.jainelibarha
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________________ samrATa alAuddIna khilajI dillI ke sulatAna alAuddIna khilajI ke mantri maMDala meM Thakkura pherU cirakAla rahA thA / vaha parama jaina Thakkara candra kA putra aura dhA~dhiyA gotrIya zrImAla thA / usane apane graMthoM meM sulatAna ko kalikAla cakravartI likhA hai / vaha kannANA ( mahendragar3ha ) nivAsI thA / usane saM. 1372 meM samrATa ke ratnAgAra ke anubhava se rayaNaparIkkhA ( ratna parIkSA ) grantha kI racanA kI jisakA anuvAda maiMne kaI varSa pUrva karake prakAzita kiyA thA / usI varSa : pherU Thakkura ne 'vAstusAra graMtha kA nirmANa kiyA, jisameM devAlaya pratimAoM kI aneka vidhAoM ke sambandha meM vizad varNana hai / paM0 bhagavAnadAsa jaina ne ise sAnuvAda prakAzita kiyA / isI varSa Thakkura pherU ne 474 zlokoM meM jyotiSasAra kI racanA kI / gaNitasAra bhI 311 gAthAoM meM racita hai jisameM kSetroM ke mApa, mukAtA, rAjakIya kara Adi sabhI viSaya ke gaNita kA viSaya pratipAdita hai / saM. 1375 meM pherU dillI TakasAla ke gavarnara pada para niyukta thA / vahA~ bhI isa pratibhAzAlI vidvAna ne gaharA anubhava prApta kiyA aura usake AdhAra se 146 zlokoM meM dravya parIkSA grantha kA nirmANa kiyA / isa grantha meM usa samaya prApya caMderI, devagiri, dillI, mAlava, mula tAna kazAloM ke bane sikkoM ke atirikta khuza sAna Adi ke videzI sikkoM kA bhI varNana hai / tatkAlIna prApta sikkoM meM vikrama, tomara rAjAoM, kAMgar3A ke tathA aneka sikkoM meM kitanA pratizata sonA, cA~dI, tAMbA hai aura tatkAlIna sikke ke vinimaya kA mola tola Adi varNita hai / dhAtu zodhaka Adi ke prakAra bhI likhe haiM / kahanA na hogA ki muslima zAsana ke usa samaya taka ke sabhI sikkoM kA varNana hai / yaha grantha vizva sAhitya meM hai jisakA mere anuvAda kA prakAzana vaizAlI ke prAkRta jaina zAstra ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna se huA hai / alIgar3ha yUnIvarsiTI ke prophesara esa. Ara. caturtha khaNDa : jaina saMskRti ke vividha AyAma Jain Education Internationa zarmA isakA aMgrejI anuvAda sampAdana kara rahe haiM tathA ratna parIkSA kA aMgrejI anuvAda unhoMne prakAzita bhI karavA diyA hai / dravya parIkSA ke sAtha hI Thakkura pherU kA dhAtutpatti grantha ( gA0 57 ) vaizAlI se prakAzita hai / Thakkura pherU ke anya graMthoM meM yugapradhAna catuSpadikA (saM. 1347) prakAzita hai parantu bhU-garbhazAstra abhI taka aprApta hai / saM. 1404 kI prati kA 1 patra lupta hai, saMbhavataH usI meM vaha thA / mAlavA-mAMDavagar3ha ke sulatAna muslima zAsakoM ke viziSTa maMtriyoM meM mAMDava - gar3ha ke zrImAla sonagarA vaMza ke maMDana aura dhanadarAja kA nAma svarNAkSaroM meM likhe jAne yogya hai / ye vahA~ ke sulatAna ke maMtrI the / samakAlIna paM0 mahezvara kRta kAvya manohara meM inakA paricaya diyA hai / maM. jhAMjhaNa ke chaH putra the jo vahA~ ke sulatAna ke maMtrI the / dvitIya putra bAhar3a kA putra maMDana mAMDavagar3ha ke sulatAna kA maMtrI thA / alapakhAnaAlamakhAna hozaMga zAha gorI ne 3 varSaM rAjya kiyA thA / saM. 1460 meM muhammada khilajI hozaMga zAha kI khitAba dhAraNa kara gaddI para baiThA jisane saM. 1505 taka rAjya kiyA / usake putra gayAsuddIna ne saM. 1556 taka rAjya kiyA thaa| maMtrI maMDana aura dhanadarAja evaM unake granthoM kA paricaya diyA jAtA hai / maMtrI maMDana vyAkaraNa, alaMkAra, saMgIta tathA anya zAstroM kA mahAn paNDita thA / usane 1 sArasvata maMDana, 2 kAvya maMDana, 3 campU maMDana, 4 kAdambarI maMDana, 5 alaMkAra maMDana, 6 candra vijaya, 7 zRMgAra maMDana, 8 saMgIta maMDana, & upasarga maMDana, 10 kavi kalpadra ma nAmaka granthoM kA nirmANa kiyA / isakI prati saM. 1504 meM vinAyaka dAsa kAyastha ke hAtha se likhI huI pATaNa ke jJAna bhaNDAra meM vidya mAna sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha Por Private & Personal Use Only 353 wwww.jaisworary.org
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________________ ___ maMtrI maMDana para bAdazAha kA bahuta prema thaa| AlamazAha ko gujarAta ke bAdazAha kA garva tor3ane usake satsaMga se vaha bhI saMskRta sAhitya kA bar3A vAlA likhA hai| apane pitA ke lie usane-ve yA anurAgI aura rasika ho gayA thaa| eka dina sAyaM- satpuruSoM meM dinamaNi viruddhAraka evaM kharatara K kAla vidvadgoSThI meM bAdazAha ne maMDana se kahA- muniyoM se tatvopadeza sunane vAle-likhA hai aura RAT maiMne kAdambarI kI bar3I prazaMsA sunI hai, isakI kathA apanI mAtA kA nAma gaMgAdevI likhA hai| sUnane kI icchA hai kintu bar3e grantha ko sunane kA mAlava kA sulatAna gayAsuddIna bar3A udAra samaya nahIM miltaa| tuma bar3e vidvAna ho, use aura sAhityapremI thaa| usane apane mitra zrImAlI saMkSipta racanA kara sunaao| taba sulatAna kI megha ko mAphara malika kA virud diyA thaa| usake AjJA se maMDana ne cAra paricchedoM meM 'kAdambarI bhAI jIvana ke putra pujarAja ne sArasvata vyAkaraNa maMDana' banAkara sunaayaa| para TIkA likhii| eka bAra pUNimA ke dina sAyaMkAla maMDana mAMDavagaDha ke salatAna mahammada khilajI ke pahAr3a ke AMgana meM baiThA thaa| sAhitya carcA meM vizvAsapAtra bhaMDArI osavAla saMgrAmasiMha ne buddhicandrodaya ho gyaa| maMDana ne candra ke udaya se lekara sAgara nAmaka sarvamAnya atyUpayogI grantha kI racanA - asta taka kI alaga-alaga dazAoM kA varNana lalita kii| padya meM kiyaa| asta ke samaya khinna hokara kahAsUrya kI bhA~ti bhramaNa karate candra kA bhI adhaHpAta sAhitya prema, dharma prema aura satsaMga ke pratApa huA, sUrya kiraNoM se pratAr3ita hokara candramA bhAga se mAlava sulatAna gayAsuddIna udA rahA thA, sUrya ne use kAntihIna karake samudra meM usane rANakapura jinAlaya ke nirmAtA dharaNAzAha | girA diyaa| isase sUrya para Rddha hokara 141 padyoM ke bhrAtA ratnasiMha ke putra cAliga ke putra sahasA meM 'candravijaya' kI racanA kI jisameM candramA ke ko apanA mitra banAyA thaa| tathA mAMDavagar3ha ke sAtha yuddha karAke hraayaa| phira udayAcala para udaya saMghapati velA ne bhI tIrthayAtrA ke lie saMgha nikAhone kA varNana kara candra kI utpatti sAtha lane kA pharamAna prApta kiyA thaa| devAsa ke mAphara vara, candramA kI vijaya aura tAroM ke sAtha vihAra malika ke maMtrI saM0 devasI ne 24 devAlaya va catUbatalAyA hai / vizati pittalamaya jinapaTa Adi banavA ke prati SThita kiye the| saMgha yAtrA, satra zAlA, pratiSThA kAvya maMDana meM 12 sarga aura 1250 zlokoM meM Adi ke aneka udAharaNa haiM para yahA~ likhanA aprAkaurava-pAMDava kI kathA kA varNana hai / campU maMDana meM saMgika hai phira bhI yaha sAhitya prema-satsaMga kA hI 7 paTala haiM jinameM bhagavAn neminAtha kA caritra pratApa thA jisase jIvadayA ke aneka pharamAna nikale vaNita hai| va prajA ke sAtha sahiSNu vRtti protsAhita rhii| ___ maMDana kA cacerA bhAI-cAcA dehar3a kA putra dillI ke sulatAna muhammada tugalaka dhanadarAja yA dhanarAja bhI nAmAGkita vidvAna thaa| usane maMDapa durga (mAMDavagar3ha) meM saM. 1460 meM bharta- dillI ke tatkAlIna sulatAnoM meM ye sarvAdhika hari zataka kI bhA~ti hI zRMgAra dhanada, nIti dhanada udAra samrATa hue haiN| kharataragacchAcArya mahAna aura vairAgya dhanada saMjJaka dhanada trizatI kI racanA prabhAvaka zrI jinaprabhasUrijI ke samparka meM Ane kii| usakI prazasti meM mAMDava ne bAdazAha gaurI para sulatAna jaina dharma ke prati bar3A zraddhAlu ho gayA 354 caturtha khaNDa : jaina saMskRti ke vividha AyAma : ACE EC sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha
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________________ thaa| zrI jinaprabhasurijI eka sarvatomukhI pratibhA- saM. 1636 meM tapAgaccha nAyaka zrI hIra vijaya sampanna bahuta bar3e prabhAvaka aura sAhityakAra the| suri se samrATa akabara ko upadeza milA / akabara samrATa dvArA upAzraya, maMdira kA nirmANa huA, ne dIna-e-ilAhI dharma sthApita kiyA jisameM hIra zatruJjaya yAtrA, pharamAna patrAdi se jIvadayA ke vijaya sUri aura bhAnucandra gaNi ko sadasya banAyA kArya hue| inake sambandha meM mahopAdhyAya vinaya- thA / yahA~ vividha dharma vAloM ke sAtha dhArmika sAgara jI kRta "zAsana prabhAvaka AcArya jinaprabha vicAragoSThI hotI thI masUndara jI ke aura unakA sAhitya" dekhanA caahie| grantha saMgraha ko samrATa ne sUrijI ko bheMTa kiyaa| unake nispRha rahane se AgarA meM jJAna bhanDAra sthAmugala samrATa akabara pita kiyA gayA / AcAryazrI ke upadeza se samrATa mugalavaMza kA samrATa akabara eka mahAna ne aneka sarvajana hitaiSI kArya jaise gohatyA bandI, dayAlu zAsaka thaa| usake darabAra meM prArambha se hI jajiyA Taiksa haTAnA, tIrthoM ke pharamAna va amAri dharma samanvaya aura sahiSNutApUrvaka zodha ko bhAvanA pharamAna Adi jArI kiye / hone se vividha dharmAnuyAyI vidvAnoM kA jamaghaTa rahatA thaa| nAgapurIya tapAgaccha (pAyacanda gaccha) zrI hIra vijaya sUri jI ke gujarAta padhArane para ke vAcaka padmasundara zAhI darabAra meM cirakAla rahe saM. 1645 meM unakI AjJA se samrATa ke kRpA pAtra the / ye bar3e vidvAna the aura inake dvArA racita zAnti candra upAdhyAya rahe / samrATa unake pAsa rasa saMskRta va bhASA ke aneka grantha pAye jAte haiN| koza prazasti pratidina zravaNa karatA, ve zatAvadhAnI bIkAnera kI anupa saMskRta lAyabrarI meM inakI raca the, samrATa va aneka nRpatiyoM kA sadbhAva prApta nAoM meM akabarazAhI zRMgAra darpaNa upalabdha huA kiyA thaa| unake jAne ke bAda bhAnucandra gaNi aura jo prasiddha hai / inhoMne zAhI sabhA meM vArANasI ke unake ziSya siddhicandra guru ziSya akabara ke pAsa vidvAna ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kiyA thaa| inake rahe / bhAnucandra jI se samrATa pratyeka ravivAra ko jJAna bhaNDAra ke mahatvapUrNa grantha samrATa ke pAsa sUrya sahasra nAma saMskRta meM sunatA thaa| siddhicandra - saMrakSita the| ke zatAvadhAna dekhane se prabhAvita hokara samrATa ne 70 unheM 'khuzaphahama' kA khitAba diyA thaa| inhoMne kAdambarI TIkA Adi aneka granthoM kA nirmANa saM. 1625 meM kharataragaccha ke vidvAna vAcaka dayAkalaza jI ke praziSya vAcakaH sAdhukIti jI kiyA thaa| vadAunI 2, 332 meM likhatA hai ki AgarA padhAre aura SaTparvI pauSadha ke sambandha meM samrATa brAhmaNoM kI bhAMti pUrva dizA kI ora muha 0 zAhI darabAra meM tapAgacchIya buddhisAgarajo ke sAtha karake khar3A hotA aura ArAdhanA karatA thA evaM zAstrArtha huaa| usameM aniruddha, mahAdeva mizra sUrya sahasra nAmoM kA bhI saMskRta meM uccAraNa karatA MOD Adi sahasroM vidvAnoM kI upasthiti meM sAdhukIti thaa| jo ne vijaya prApta kii| isakA vizad varNana kavi saM. 1648 meM kharataragaccha nAyaka zrI jinacandra kanamasomakRta jaita pada veli meM hai jo hamAre aiti- sUrijI ko samrATa ne lAhaura bulAyA aura unase hAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha meM prakAzita hai| usameM pratidina DyoDhI mahala meM dharmagoSThI kiyA karatA ) 'sAdhukIrti saMskRta bhAkhai, buddhisAgara syu-syuM thA / sUrijI ke sAtha 31 sAdhu the jinameM 7 to dAkhai tathA sAdhukIti saMskRta bolai zabdoM se pahale hI vA0 mahimarAja (jinasiMha sUri) ke sAtha samrATa kA saMskRta prema spaSTa hai| lAhaura A gaye the| inameM sUrijI ke praziSya samaya caturtha khaNDa : jaina saMskRti ke vividha AyAma 0 sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha Jain education International Bor Private & Personal Use Only Jalebrary.org
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________________ sundara jI bhI the| eka bAra samrATa kI vidvad sabhA sAdhu aura paMcAnana mahAtmA ko lekara dharma pracAra meM kisI dArzanika vidvAna ne jainAgamoM ke 'egassa hetu kaThina padayAtrA karake ge| maMtrIzvara karma-kAra suttassa ananto attho' arthAt eka sUtra ke ananta candrAdi bhI sAtha the| kAzmIra meM jIva rakSA, artha hote haiM vAkya para vyaMgya ksaa| usase marmAhata tAlAba ke matsyoM ko abhayadAna ke pharamAna mile| hokara kavi samayasundarajI ne jaina zAsanasu kI rakSA, vApasa Ane para samrATa ne sUri jo ko yugapradhAna prabhAvanA aura Agama vAkyoM kI akSuNNatA rakhane pada, mahimarAja jI ko AcArya pada, jayasoma va ke lie samrATa se kucha samaya mAMgakara jainAgamoM ke ratnanidhAna ko upAdhyAya pada evaM samayasundara va kathana ko satya pramANita karane kA prastAva rkhaa| guNa vinaya ko vAcaka pada se alaMkRta kraayaa| kavivara ne 'rA jA no da date sau khyaM' ina ATha akSaroM maMtrIzvara ne bar3A bhArI utsava kiyaa| tIrtharakSA para ATha lAkha arthoM kI saMracanA kii| isa grantha khaMbhAta kI khAr3I ke jalacara jIvoM ke rakSArtha tathA kA nAma artha ratnAvalI rakhA / vastutaH inhoMne dasa ASADhI aSTAhnikA ke pharamAna niklvaae| lAkha se bhI Upara artha kie the para chadmastha doSa zAha salIma ke mUla nakSatra prathama pAda meM putrI se punarukti Adi parimArjanArtha pUrtyartha kevala ATha hone para aSTottarI snAtra karAne meM tapAgaccha baralAkha surakSita arthoM vAlI aSTa lakSI prasiddha taragaccha ke sAdhuoM kA nirdeza va maMtrI karmacandra kI kiyaa| pradhAnatA thii| aura bhI eka bAra aSTottarI snAtra saM. 1646 zrAvaNa sadi 13 ko sAyaM ko lAhaura karAyA jisakA karmacandra maMtrI vaMza prabandha meM varNana nagara ke bAhara kazmIra vijaya ke heta prasthAna karake hai| AratI meM upasthita hokara dasa hajAra bheMTa rAjazrI rAmadAsa kI vATikA meM prathama pravAsa kiyA karane va bhagavAn kA snAtra-jala zAhI antaHpura meM aura vahA~ samasta rAjAoM, sAmantoM aura vidvAnoM le jAkara zAnti vidhi kA varNana bar3A hI prabhAvo- " kI pariSada meM pUjya AcArya zrI jinacandra sarijI tpAdaka hai| jayasoma upAdhyAya ne isa vidhi ke phaY ko ziSyoM sahita AzIrvAda prAptyartha bulAyA / isa grantha kI racanA kI thii| avasara para kavivara ne sabake sAmane vaha grantha sanA jinaprabha sUri Adi vidvAnoM kI aneka racakara jinAgama kI satyatA pramANita karate hue kahA nAe~ phArasI bhASA meM bhI upalabdha haiN| samayasundara ki mere jaisA sAdhAraNa vyakti bho eka akSara kA jI ke praziSya rAjasoma kA bhI phArasI bhASA meM ATha lAkha artha kara sakatA hai to sarvajJa kI vANI stotra pAyA jAtA hai| ina saba kAmoM se pAraspameM ananta artha kyoM na hoMge ? isa bAta se camatkRta rika prema sauhArda kI vRddhi huii| hokara sabhI vidvAnoM ke sanmukha samrATa ne isa grantha prastAvita viSaya para yaha kevala jaina sAhityako pramANita ThaharAte hue apane hAtha meM lekara kavi- paraka abhivyakti hai / zAhI darabAra meM hindU samAja vara ko samarpita kiyA aura kahA ki isakI nakaleM ke bhinna-bhinna samudAyoM se sambandhita aneka vidvAna, / karAke sarvatra pracArita kiyA jAya / brAhmaNa paNDitAdi bhI dhArmika, sAhityika carcA meM paryApta bhAga lete the| unakI madhyasthatA se zAstrAsamrATa ke samakSa kharataragacchIya u0 ziva rthAdi hote the ataH saMskRta sAhitya aura muslima nidhAna ke guru harSasAra ke milana aura zAstrArtha se zAsakoM ke viSaya meM zodhapUrNa tathya prakAza meM AnA kIrti prApta karane ke tathA jayasoma upAdhyAya ke Avazyaka hai| deza kI aikyatA meM yaha bhI mahatvapUrNa zAhI sabhA meM vidvAna se zAstrArtha meM vijaya prApta kadama hogaa| karane kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| 4, jagamohana mallika lena samrATa ke sAtha mahimarAja vAcaka harSavizAla kalakattA-700007 356 caturtha khaNDa : jaina saMskRti ke vividha AyAma 2 0 sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha desk66 Jain Edw international PRGate & Personal use only www.jainelibrary