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________________ C G Atma-svarUpa kI ora le jAnevAle aura samAja ko saMdhAraNa karane vAle vicAra evaM pravRtiyA~ dharma haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM kaha sakate haiN| ki jisa prakAra prAkRtika vijJAna bhautika jagat ke niyamoM kA anusandhAna karatA hai, usI prakAra dharma naitika eva tAtvika jagat ke Antarika niyamoM kA anveSaNa karatA hai| donoM hI apane-apane DhaMga se sAmAjika caritra ke manuSya jagata ke lie mokSa kA dvAra prazasta karate haiN| ataH jo prANiyoM ko saMsAra ke duHkha se uThA kara uttama mukha (vItarAga sukha) naitika utthAna meM meM dhAraNa kare use dharma kahate haiM / jainadharma ke daza lakSaNoM saMsAra ke prAcInatama dharmo meM jaina dharma bhI eka hai| yaha vizva kA eka ati prAcIna tathA svatantra dharma hai| yaha smaraNAtIta kAla se isa bhAratabhUmi para apanA vikAsa evaM vistAra kara rahA hai| vartamAna yuga ko meM bhI isakI prAsaMgika upayogitA jyoM kI tyoM hai| jaina-darzana meM prAsaMgika upayogitA rAga-dveSa rUpa durbhAvoM se utpanna mAnasika avasthAoM ke upazamana ke lie dasa prakAra ke dharmoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| inakA AcaraNa karane se AtmA meM karma kA praveza ruka jAtA hai| ye dasa dharma nimnalikhita haiM uttamakSamAmArdavArjavazaucasaMyamatapastyAgAkiJcanyatbrahmacaryANi dharmaH / arthAt- uttama kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, zauca, satya, saMyama, tapatyAga, AkiMcanya, aura brahmacarya-ye dasa uttama dharma haiN| ina dasa dharmoM kA sAmAnya paricaya isa prakAra hai (1) uttama kSamA-sahanazIlatA arthAt krodha na karanA aura sAtha -pro0 candrazekhara rAya hI utpanna krodha ko viveka evaM namra bhAva se dabA DAlanA hI uttama vibhAgAdhyakSa, itihAsa vibhAga, kSamA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM krodha kI sthitiyoM meM bhI mana ke saMyama ko vikRta na hone denA uttama kSamA hai, jisa kSamA se kAyaratA kA bI0 esa0 esa0 kaoNleja, __bodha ho, AtmA meM donatA kA anubhava ho, vaha tharma nahIM hai, balki bacarI, pIro, bhojapura, bihAra kSamAbhAsa hai, dUSaNa hai / mana para vijaya pAnA bahuta bar3e sAhasI aura vIra puruSa kA kArya hai / zakti ke abhAva ke kAraNa badalA na lenA kSamA nahIM hai / kSamA ke lie jIva meM nimnalikhita bhAvoM kA honA anivArya batAyA gayA hai (1) krodhotpanna sthiti meM apane meM krodha kA kAraNa DhUMDhanA, (2) krodha se hone vAle doSoM kA cintana karanA, (3) dUsare ke dvArA apamAna kie jAne para nAsamajha samajhakara badale kI bhAvanA kA parityAga karanA / 164 tRtIya khaNDa : dharma tathA darzana ( sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha For Frivate & Personal use only
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________________ (4) dUsare ke krodha ko apane karma kA pariNAma satya kA artha hai-asatya kA parityAga / satya kA samajhanA evaM artha sunRta batAyA gayA hai| sunRta kA artha hai(5) kSamA se utpanna guNoM kA vicAra krnaa| vaha satya jo priya evaM hitakArI ho / uttarAdhyayana ina saba bhAvoM se suzobhita kSamA ke dvArA mana sUtra meM krodha, lobha, hAsya, bhaya evaM pramAda Adi OM) kA saMyama hotA hai, ahiMsA kI bhAvanA jAgRta hotI ina jhUTha bolane ke kAraNoM ke maujada rahane para bhI hai / ataH jainAcAryoM ne isako uttama dharma kI saMjJA mana-vacana-kAya tathA kRta-kAri pradAna kI hai| kabhI bhI jhUTha na bolakara sAvadhAnIpUrvaka hitakArI, AL sArthaka aura priya vacanoM ko hI bolanA satya kahA 12 (2) uttama mArdava-mArdava kA artha hai-mRdutA, gayA hai| komalatA, vinayabhAva, mAna kA tyAga / kula, rUpa, jAti, aizvarya, vijJAna, tapa, bala aura zarIra Adi isI prakAra nirarthaka aura ahitakara bolAkI kicit viziSTatA ke kAraNa AtmasvarUpa ko gayA vacana satya hone para bhI tyAjya hai| jainadharma darzana meM satya kI pAMca bhAvanAoM kA ullekha kiyA na bhUlanA evaM inakA madana car3hane denA hI uttama mArdava hai / ahaMkAra doSa hai aura svAbhimAna guNa / gayA hai jo isa prakAra haiahaMkAra meM dUsare kA tiraskAra chipA hai aura svA- (1) vANI viveka, (2) krodha tyAga, (3) lobha bhimAna meM dUsare ke mAna kA sammAna hai| ataH tyAga (4) bhaya tyAga aura (5) hAsya tyAga / abhimAna na karanA evaM mana meM hamezA mRdubhAva (6) uttama saMyama-saMyama mAnavIya jIvana kA rakhanA uttama mArdava ke antargata AtA hai| eka ati mahatvapUrNa pratyaya hai / sAmAnya rUpa se mana, (3) uttama Arjaba--mana,vacana aura kAya kI vacana aura kAya kA niyamana karanA arthAt vicAra, kuTilatA ko choDanA-uttama Arjava kahalAtA hai vANI, gati aura sthiti Adi meM sAvadhAnI karanA jo vicAra hRdaya meM sthita hai. vahI vacana meM rakhatA saMyama hai| gommaTasAra meM saMyama kA svarUpa spaSTa hai tathA vahI bAhara phalatA hai arthAt-zarIra se bhI karate hue batAyA gayA haitadanusAra kArya kiyA jAtA hai, yaha Arjava hai| vrataptamitikaSAyANAM daNDAnAM tapendriyANAM paMcAnAm / dUsare zabdoM meM mAyAcArI pariNAmoM ko choDakara dhAraNapAlana nigrahatyAgajaNa: saMyamI bhaNitaH // zuddha hRdaya se caritra kA pAlana karanA uttama Arjava arthAt-ahiMsA, acaurya, satya, zIla (brahmadharma hai / jo mana meM ho, vahI vacana meM aura tadanu- carya),aparigraha ina pAMca mahAvratoM kA dhAraNa karanA sAra hI zarIra kI ceSTA ho, jIvana vyavahAra meM IryA bhASA eSaNA AdAna nikSepaNa utsarga ina ekarUpatA ho / isa prakAra mAyAcAra kA tyAga, pAMca samitiyoM kA pAlanA, krodhAdi cAra kaSAyoM RjutA aura saralatA hI uttama Arjava dharma hai| kA nigraha karanA, mana, vacana, kAyarUpa daNDa kA (4) uttama zauca-sucitA, pavitratA, nirlobha tyAga karanA tathA pA~ca indriyoM kA jaya, isako vRtti, pralobhana meM nahIM phaMsanA Adi uttama zauca saMyama kahate haiN| dharma mAnA gayA hai / lobhAdi kaSAyoM kA parityAga jainAcAryoM ne saMyama ke nimnalikhita 17 bhedoM kara pApa vRttiyoM meM mana na lagAnA uttama zauca kI carcA kI hai- pA~ca avratoM (hiMsA,jhUTha, corI, kahalAtA hai / arthAt yaha pUrNa nirlobhatA kI sthiti abrahma aura parigraha) kA tyAga / pAMca indriyoM (sparzana, rasana, ghrANa, zrotra aura cakSa ) kA nigraha, (5) uttama satya-bhAratIya darzana ke anusAra cAra kaSAyoM (krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha) kA tRtIya khaNDa : dharma tathA darzana ( 0 sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha For Private & Personal use only
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________________ jaya tathA mana, vacana evaM kAya kI pravRttiyoM kA rasa parityAga, vivikta zayyAsana evaM kAya-kleza tyAga / kahIM-kahIM para bhinna-bhinna taraha ke saMyama -isa prakAra 'bAhya' tapa ke chaH bheda haiN| prAyake 17 prakAroM kA ullekha bhI milatA hai, yathA'- zcina, vinaya, vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya, vyutsarga aura pAMca sthAvara aura cAra trasa-ina nava ke viSaya meM dhyAna-ye chaH bheda Abhyantara tapa ke haiN| isa taraha saMyama, prekSya saMyama, upekSya saMyama, apaddha ya saMyama, tapa ke kula 12 bheda ho jAte haiN| ina bArahoM prakAra pramRjya saMyama, kAya saMyama, vAka saMyama. manaHsaMyama ke tapoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa nimnalikhita haiaura upakaraNa saMyama / DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ke anu- anazana-saba prakAra ke AhAroM kA parityAga sAra jaina aura gItA ke AcAra-darzana saMyama ke karanA anazana tapa kahalAtA hai| isake do bheda haiM pratyaya ko mukti ke lie Avazyaka mAnate haiN| -itvarika aura yAvatkathita / saMyama kA artha hai-maryAdita yA niyamapUrvaka jIvana, avamaudarya-apanI bhUkha se kama AhAra grahaNa saMyama aura mAnava-jIvana aise ghule-mile tathya haiM ki karanA avamaudarya tapa yA UnodarI tapa kahalAtA unase pare suvyavasthita jIvana kI kalpanA nahIM kI hai| jA sktii| vRti-parisaMkhyAna -vividha vastuoM meM kama ___yoM sabhI maryAdAoM kA pAlana karanA saMyama lAlaca rakhanA vRtti-parisaMkhyAna tapa kahalAtA hai| nahIM hai lekina maryAdAoM kA pAlana svecchA se rasaparityAga-ghatAdi vizeSa pauSTika evaM madyAdi kiyA jAtA hai to unake pIche avyaktarUpa meM saMyama vikArI vastuoM kA tyAga tathA miSTAdi rasoM kA kA bhAva nihita rahatA hai| sAmAnyatayA ve hI maryA- niyamana karanA rasa parityAga tapa kahalAtA hai| dAe saMyama kahalAtI haiM jinake dvArA vyakti Atma- vivikta-zayyAsana-bAdhA rahita ekAnta sthAna vikAsa aura paramasAdhya kI prApti karatA hai| meM vAsa karanA vivikta-zayyAsana tapa kahalAtA (7) uttama tapa-malina vRttiyoM ko nimala hai| karane ke uddezya se apekSita zakti kI sAdhanA ke kAyakleza-ThaNDa, garmI, varSA Adi bAdhAoM liye kiyA jAne vAlA Atmadamana uttama tapa hai| ko sahanA evaM vividha AsanAdi dvArA kaSTa sahana dUsare zabdoM meM karmakSaya ke liye tathA samacita karane ko kAya-kleza tapa kahA jAtA hai| AdhyAtmika bala kI sAdhanA ke lie jIva ko jina prAyazcitta-doSa kI vizuddhi ke lie jo kriyA upAyoM kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai-ve saba tapa kI jAtI hai use prAyazcitta kahate haiN| isake nimnakahalAte haiN| isake mukhyataH do bheda haiM-(1) bAhya likhita no bheda kiye haiM-(1) Alocana (2) pratitapa aura (2) Abhyantara tapa / punaH ina donoM kramaNa (3) tadubhaya (4) viveka (5)vyutsarga (6) tapa prakAra ke tapoM ke 6, 6 prakAra batAye gaye haiM, (7) cheda (8) parihAra (8) upasthApana / 11 yathA vinaya-jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura upacAra kI anazanAvamaudaryava tiparisaMkhyAnarasaparityAgavivikta sAdhanA meM vizeSa rUpa se pravRtta honA vinaya tapa kahazayyAsanakAyaklezA bAhya tapaH / " lAtA hai| isake bhI yathAkrama se cAra bheda hai-jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura upacAra / / prAyazcittavinayavaiyAvRtya-svAdhyAya-vyutsarga-dhyAnA vayAvRtya-satpuruSoM ke duHkha-doM ko dUra nyutta rama / 10 karane ke lie sevA Adi karanA vaiyAvRtya tapa kaha___ arthAt---anazana, avamaudarya, vRtti-parisaMkhyAna, lAtA hai| isake bhI dasa bheda batalAe gae haiM166 tRtIya khaNDa : dharma tathA darzana / C . sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha rantiate a personalitiesonly
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________________ BAERI LITY-AGAR. AcArya, upAdhyAya, tapasvI, zaikSa, glAna, gaNa, kula, nigraha ke bhAva kA bhI antarbhAva hotA hai| vastutaH / saMgha, sAdhu aura samanojJa kI vaiyAvRtya / brahmacarya kA tAtparya vIrya kI rakSA karanA hai| vIrya svAdhyAya-ucita samaya evaM paristhitiyoM meM kI rakSA karane ke lie bahata bar3e saMyama kI Avaadhyayana karane ko svAdhyAya tapa kahate haiN| jainA- zyakatA par3atI hai, ataH jainAcAryoM ne ise uttama tapa cAryoM ne isake nimnalikhita pA~ca bhedoM kI kalpanA kahA hai| isakA Avazyaka rUpa se jIvana meM AcakI hai-(1) vAcanA (2) pracchanA (3) anuprekSA raNa karane ke lie pA~ca mahAvratoM meM sthAna diyA | (4) AmnAya (5) dharmopadeza / gayA hai tathA daza dharmoM meM ise uttama dharma kI saMjJA vyutsarga-gRha, dhanAdi bAhya upAdhiyoM tathA dI gaI hai| kuMdakuMdAcArya ne brahmacarya ko uttama dharma krodhAdi aMtaraMga upAdhiyoM kA tyAga karanA mAnakara isakA nimnalikhita svarUpa spaSTa kiyA tapa kahalAtA hai / isa prakAra bAhya aura Abhyantara ke bheda se isake bhI do bheda mAne gae haiN| savvaMga pecchato itthINaM tAsu bhuyadi duvbhAvam / (8) uttama tyAga-dAna denA, tyAga kI so brahmacarya bhAva sukkadi khalu duddharaM dharadi // 12 bhUmikA para AnA, zaktyAnusAra bhUkhoM kI bhojana, arthAt jo striyoM ke sAre sundara aMgoM ko dekha rogI ko auSadhi, ajJAna nivRtti ke lie jJAna ke kara unameM rAgarUpa durbhAva karanA chor3a detA hai, vahI sAdhana juTAnA aura prANImAtra ko abhaya denA, durddha ra brahmacarya vrata ko dhAraNa karatA hai| deza aura samAja ke lie tana-mana Adi kA tyAga padmanandi paMcabizatikA meM kahA gayA haiAdi uttama tyAga ke antargata mAnA jAtA hai / samasta para-dravyoM se moha chor3akara saMsAra, deha aura AtmA brahma vivikta bodhanilayo ca tatra carmapara, svAMgA bhogoM se udAsIna rahakara satpuruSoM kI sevA karanA saMga-vivajitaikamanasastad brahmacarya muneH 113 hI uttama tyAga mAnA gayA hai / lAbha, pUjA aura arthAt brahma zabda kA artha nirmala jJAnasvarUpa khyAti Adi se kiyA jAne vAlA tyAga yA dAna AtmA hai| usa AtmA meM lIna hone kA nAma brahmauttama tyAga nahIM hai| carya hai| jisa muni kA mana apane zarIra ke bhI (8) uttama AkiMcanya-AMtarika vibhAva tathA sambandha meM nirmamatva ho cukA hai, usI ko brahmacarya ) vAhya padArthoM meM mamatva kA tyAga uttama AkiMcanya hotA hai| kahalAtA hai| dhana-dhAnya Adi bAhya parigraha tathA jainAcAryoM ke anusAra brahmacarya ke nava aMga haiMzarIra meM yaha merA nahIM hai,AtmA kA dhana to usake (1) striyoM kA saMsarga na karanA (2) strI kathA na caitanya Adi guNa haiN| 'nAsti me kiMcana' merA kucha karanA, (3) striyoM ke sthAna kA sevana na karanA, nahIM hai, Adi bhAvanAyeM AkiMcanya haiN| (1) striyoM ke manohara aMgoM ko na dekhanA, na dhyAna bhautikatA se haTakara vizuddha AdhyAtmika dRSTi denA, (5) kAmoddIpaka bhojana na karanA, (6) prApta karanA Akicanya dharma hai| dasare zabdoM meM AhAra-pAna mAtrA se adhika na karanA, (7) pUrvakisI bhI vastu meM mamatva buddhi na rakhanA uttama kRta kAmakrIr3A kA smaraNa na karanA, (8) striyoM ke AkiMcatya hai| zabda, rUpa va saubhAgya kI sarAhanA na karanA aura (10)uttama brahmacarya-adhyAtma-mArga meM brahmAcarya (6) indriya sukhoM kI abhilASA na krnaa| ko sarvapradhAna mAnA jAtA hai kyoMki brahma meM rama uparyukta dasa dharma AtmA ke lie kalyANaNatA vAstavika brahmacarya hai / isake antargata krodhAdi kAraka mAne gaye haiM tathA unake sAtha 'uttama' vize tRtIya khaNDa : dharma tathA darzana * sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha or Private Personal useOnly
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________________ SaNa kA prayoga iSTa prayojana kI nivRtti ke artha meM Aja duniyA me sau meM ninyAnave aparAdhI ghaTa-6 kiyA gayA hai|14 nAoM kA kAraNa artha yA kAma hotA hai / adanA-sI ___ khyAti aura pUjA Adi kI bhAvanA kI nivRtti bAta para kaur3I taka kA mUlya nahIM rakhane vAlI ke artha meM uttama vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai / 15 arthAt cIjoM ke lie bhI loga hiMsA para utArU ho jAte , khyAti pUjAdi ke abhiprAya se grahaNa kI gaI kSamAdi haiM, manuSya hI manuSya kI jAna kA grAhaka bana gayA uttama nahIM hai| hai| ina malina vattiyoM kA vinAza Aja bhI uttama ___ jahA~ taka sAmAjika caritra ke naitika utthAna tapa aura brahmacarya nAmaka dharma se kiyA jA meM jaina dharma ke uparyukta dasa lakSaNoM kI prAsaMgika sakatA hai| | upayogitA kA prazna hai, isa bAta se koI inkAra samAja meM vyApta bhakhamarI, roga, ajJAna kI nahIM kara sakatA ki dharma kA eka pahalU sAmAjika nivatti uttama tyAga ke dvArA hI sambhava hai| vAstacaritra ke naitika utthAna bhI rahA hai| sAmAjika vika Ananda zArIrika sukhoM meM yA bhautika suvinaitikatA ke mUlya jaba-jaba visthApita hae haiM, zAsanAloM dhAoM ke ananta sAdhanoM ko ekatrita karane meM nahIM amAnavIya vyavahAroM kI pracuratA bar3hI hai taba-taba miltaa| isakI prApti mohamAyA ke bIca sambhava use dharma ke dvArA hI maryAdita kiyA gayA hai| nahIM hai| bhogatRpti rAha ke pratyeka por3a para manuSya Aja bhI jaina dharma ke dasoM lakSaNoM kI upayogitA ThagA jAtA hai| zAzvata Ananda kI prApti bhauti jyoM kI tyoM banI huI hai, kyoMki Aja samAja meM katA se haTakara vizuddha AdhyAtmika dRSTipAta karane - AtaMkavAda, balAtkAra, corI, DakaitI, lUTapATa tathA kisI vastu meM mamatva buddhi na rakhate hue uttama ON Adi durguNoM se naitika mUlyoM kA prAyaH hrAsa ho AkiMcanya dharma-pAlana karane meM hI hai| gayA hai jisakI punarsthApanA jaina dharmAcaraNa se hI sambhava hai| TippaNa-sandarbha __ Aja ke manuSya krodhI, dambhI, ghamaMDI, jhUTha 1. jaina darzana--DA. mahendra kumAra jaina, pRSTha-236 bolane vAle ho gaye haiN| kSamAdharma ke dvArA krodha ko 2. mahApurANa-237 bahuta hada taka samApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| krodha 3. tattvArtha sUtra-6/6 O) ke zamana se samAja ke bahuta se doSa svataH nirAzrita 4. uttarAdhyayana sUtra-25/24 ho jAte haiN| ahiMsA kI bhAvanA jAgRta hotI hai 5. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gAthA-465 tathA samAja meM kor3ha ke rUpa meM vyApta AtaMkavAda 6. paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI-ta0 sU0 TIkA, pRSTha 305 svataH samApta ho jAtA hai| abhimAna kA tyAga 7. vahI kara uttama mArdava dharma ke dvArA AsAnI se samAja 8. dekheM jaina dharma siddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR. meM mRdutA komalatA vinamratA Adi bhAvoM kA prasAra 61-65 | kiyA jA sakatA hai| Aja samAja meM dohare vyakti- 6. tattvArtha-sUtra 6/16 tva jIne vAloM kI saMkhyA bar3ha rahI hai jisase samAja 10. tattvArtha sUtra-6/20 meM zaMkA evaM sandeha kA bolavAlA hotA jA rahA 11. tattvArtha sUtra-6/22 | hai| eka-dUsare para vizvAsa karanA atyanta kaThina 12. bArasa aNuvekkhA-80 ho gayA hai / isa doSa kA nirasana Arjava dharma se hI 13. pa0 vi0-12/2 sambhava hai| isI prakAra samAja meM bar3hatI huI lobha 14. sarvArthasiddhi-6/6 pravRtti, asatya bhASaNa, asaMyama kA parihAra kramazaH 15. cAritra sAra-58/1 zauca, satya aura saMyama se hI sambhava hai| tRtIya khaNDa : dharma tathA darzana sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha For Private Personal use only