Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ rAmaputta yA rAmagutta : sUtrakRtAGga ke sandarbha meM ? . sAgaramala jaina madhusUdana DhAko sUtrakRtAGga ke tRtIya adhyayana meM kucha mahApuruSoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| unameM rAmagutta ( rAmaputta) kA bhI nAma AtA hai|' DA0 bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' ne "sam ethikala AspekTa Apha mahAyAna buddhijma aiz2a DipikTeDa ina sUtrakRtAGga" nAmaka apane nibandha meM sUtrakRtAGga meM ullikhita rAmagupta kI pahacAna samudragupta ke jyeSTha putra ke rUpa meM kI hai| samudragupta ke jyeSThaputra rAmagupta ne candraprabha, puSpadanta evaM pradmaprabha kI pratimAe~ pratiSThita karavAI thIM, isa tathya kI puSTi vidizA ke purAtAttvika saGgrahAlaya meM upalabdha ina tIrthaGkaroM kI mUrtiyoM se hotI hai| isase yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki rAmagupta eka jaina nareza thA, jisakI hatyA usake hI anuja candragupta vikramAditya ne kara dI thii| kintu sUtrakRtAGga meM ullikhita rAmagupta kI pahacAna gupta-samrAT samudragupta ke putra rAmagupta se karane para hamAre sAmane aneka prazna upasthita hote haiN| sabase pramukha prazna to yaha hai ki isa AdhAra para sUtrakRtAGga kI racanA-tithi IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI ke uttarArddha evaM pA~cavIM zatI ke pUrvArddha taka calI jAtI hai, jabaki bhASA, zailI evaM viSayavastu sabhI AdhAroM para sUtrakRtAGga IsA pUrva kI racanA siddha hotA hai| sUtrakRtAGga meM ullikhita rAmagupta kI pahacAna samudragupta ke putra se karane para yA to hameM sUtrakRtAGga ko paravartI racanA mAnanA hogA athavA phira yaha svIkAra karanA hogA ki sUtrakRtAGga meM ullikhita rAmagupta samudragupta kA putra rAmagupta na hokara koI anya rAmagupta hai / hamArI dRSTi meM yaha dUsarA 1. AhaMsu mahApurisA puTviM tattatavodhaNA / udaeNa siddhimAvannA tatya maMdo visIyati / / abhuMjiyA namI videhI rAmagutte ya bhuMjiyA bAhue udagaM bhoccA tahA nArAyaNe risI Asile devile ceva dIvAyaNa mahArisI pArAsare dagaM bhoccA bIyANi hariyANi ya / -sUtrakRtAGga, 1.3.4.1-3 8. Some Ethical Aspects of Mahayana Buddhism as Depicted in the Sutrakritanga, Page 2 ( yaha lekha All India Seminar on Early Buddhism and MahayanaDeptt. of Pali and Buddhist Studies, B. H. U. Nov. 10 13, 1984 meM par3hA gayA thaa|) 3. bhagavato'hato candraprabhasya pratimeyaM kAritA mahArAjAdhirAja zrI rAmaguptena upadezAt / 4. jaina sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa, bhAga-1, pR0 51-52 tathA sekreDa buksa Apha dI IsTa, bhAga-22, prastAvanA, pR0 31 /
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ rAmaputta yA rAmagutta : sUtrakRtAGga ke sandarbha meM ? vikalpa hI adhika yuktisaGgata hai / isa bAta ke bhI yatheSTa pramANa haiM ki ukta rAmagupta kI pahacAna isibhAsiyAiM ke rAmaputta athavA pAli sAhitya ke udakarAmaputta se kI jA sakatI hai, jinakA ullekha hama Age kreNge| sarvaprathama hameM sUtrakRtAGga meM jisa prasaGga meM rAmagupta kA nAma AyA hai, usa sandarbha para bhI thor3A vicAra kara lenA hogaa| sUtrakRtAGga meM nami, bAhuka, tArAyaNa ( nArAyaNa ), asitadevala, dvaipAyana, pArAzara Adi RSiyoM kI carcA ke prasaGga meM hI rAmagupta kA nAma AyA hai| ina gAthAoM meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki nami ne AhAra kA parityAga karake, rAmagupta ne AhAra karake, bAhuka aura nArAyaNa RSi ne sacitta jala kA upabhoga karate hue tathA devala, dvaipAyana evaM pArAzara ne vanaspati evaM bIjoM kA upabhoga karate hue muktilAbha prApta kiyaa| sAtha hI yahA~ ina sabako pUrvamahApuruSa evaM lokasammata bhI batAyA gayA hai| vastutaH yaha samagra ullekha una logoM ke dvArA prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jo ina mahApuruSoM kA udAharaNa dekara apane zithilAcAra kI puSTi karanA cAhate haiN| isa sandarbha meM "iha sammatA"2 zabda vizeSa draSTavya hai| yadi hama "iha sammatA" kA artha-jina-pravacana yA arhat-pravacana meM sammata-aisA karate haiM, to hameM yaha bhI dekhanA hogA ki arhat-pravacana meM inakA kahA~ ullekha hai aura kisa nAma se ullekha hai ? isibhAsiyAI meM inameM se adhikAMza kA ullekha hai, kintu hama dekhate haiM ki vahA~ rAmagupta na hokara rAmaputta zabda hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki sUtrakRtAGga meM ullikhita rAmagutta samudragupta kA putra na hokara rAmaputta nAmaka koI arhat RSi thA / yahA~ yaha bhI prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se uThAyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha rAmaputta kauna thA ? pAli sAhitya meM hameM rAmaputta kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai / usakA pUrA nAma 'udakarAmaputta' hai / mahAvastu evaM divyAvadAna meM use udraka kahA gayA hai / aGgattaranikAya ke vassakArasatra meM rAjA illeya ke aGgarakSaka yamaka evaM moggala ko rAmaputta kA anuyAyI batAyA gayA hai| majjhimanikAya, saMyuttanikAya aura dIghanikAya meM bhI udakarAmaputta kA ullekha hai| jAtaka meM ullekha hai ki buddha ne udakarAmaputta se dhyAna kI prakiyA sIkhI thii| yadyapi unhoMne usakI mAnyatAoM kI samAlocanA bhI kI hai-phira bhI unake mana meM usake prati bar3A Adara thA aura jJAnaprApti ke bAda unheM dharma ke upadeza-yogya mAnakara unakI talAza kI thI, kintu taba taka unakI mRtyu ho cukI thii| ina sabhI AdhAroM se yaha spaSTa hai ki sUtrakRtAGga meM ullikhita rAmaputta ( rAmagutta ) 1. sUtrakRtAGga 1. 3. 4. 2-3 / 2. ete punvaM mahApurisA AhitA iha sammatA / bhoccA bIodagaM siddhA iti meyamaNussua / / -sUtrakRtAGga, 1. 3. 4.4 / 3. rAmaputteNa arahatA isiNaM buitaM / -isibhAsiyAI, 23 / 4. ye samaNe rAmaputte abhippasannA -aGgattara nikAya, 4 / 19 / 7 / 5. majjhima nikAya, 2 / 4 / 5; saMyutta nikAya, 34 / 2 / 5 / 10 / 6. atha kho bhagavato etadahosi-"kassa nu kho ahaM paThama dhamma deseyyaM ? ko imaM dhamma khippameva AjA nissatI'ti ? atha kho bhagavato etadahosi-"ayaM kho uddako rAmaputto paNDito byatto medhAvI dogharattaM apparajakkhajAtiko; yannanAhaM uddakassa rAmaputtassa paThamaM dhamma deseyyaM, so imaM dhamma khippameva AjAnissatIti / ayaM kho antarahitA devatA bhagavato Arocesi-"abhidosakAlaMkato, bhante. udadako rAmaputtoti / bhagavato pi kho ANaM udapAdi "abhidosakAlaMkato uddako rAmaputto'ti |-mhaavgg, 1 / 6 / 10
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sAgaramala jaina, madhusUdana DhAko vastutaH pAli sAhitya meM varNita udakarAmaputta ho hai--anya koI nhiiN| udakarAmaputta kI sAdhanApaddhati dhyAna-pradhAna aura madhyamamArgI thI, aisA bhI pAli sAhitya se siddha hotA hai|' sUtrakRtAGga meM bhI unheM AhAra karate hue mukti prApta karane vAlA batAkara isI bAta kI puSTi kI gaI hai 2 ki vaha kaThora tapa sAdhanA kA samarthaka na hokara madhyamamArga kA samarthaka thaa| yahI kAraNa thA ki buddha kA usake prati jhukAva thA / punaH sUtrakRtAGga meM inheM pUrvamahApuruSa kahA gayA hai| yadi sUtrakRtAGga ke rAmagupta kI pahacAna samudragupta ke putra rAmagupta se karate haiM to sUtrakRtAGga kI tithi kitanI bhI Age le jAyI jAya, kintu kisI bhI sthiti meM vaha usameM pUrvakAlika RSi ke rUpa meM ullikhita nahIM ho sktaa| sAtha hI sAtha yadi sUtrakRtAGga kA rAmagupta samudragupta kA putra rAmagupta hai to usane siddhi prApti kI, aisA kahanA bhI jaina dRSTi se upayukta nahIM hogA, kyoMki IsA kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI taka jainoM meM yaha spaSTa dhAraNA bana cukI thI ki jambU ke bAda koI bhI siddhi ko prApta nahIM kara sakA hai, jabaki mUla gAthA meM 'siddhA' vizeSaNa spaSTa hai| punaH rAmagupta kA ullekha bAhuka ke pUrva aura nami ke bAda hai, isase bhI lagatA hai ki rAmagupta kA astitva ina donoM ke kAla ke madhya hI honA caahie| bAhuka kA ullekha isibhAsiyAiM meM hai aura isibhAsiyAiM kisI bhI sthiti meM IsA pUrva kI hI racanA siddha hotA hai| ataH sUtrakRtAGga meM ullikhita rAmagupta samudragupta kA putra nahIM ho sktaa| pAli sAhitya meM bhI hameM 'bAhiya' yA 'bAhika' kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai, jisane buddha se cAra smRti-prasthAnoM kA upadeza prApta kara unakI sAdhanA ke dvArA arhat pada ko prApta kiyA thaa| pAli tripiTaka se yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki bAhiya yA bAhika pUrva meM svatantra rUpa se sAdhanA karatA thaa| bAda meM usane buddha se dIkSA grahaNa kara arhat-pada prApta kiyA thaa| cUMki bAhika buddha kA samakAlIna thA, ataH bAhika se thor3e pUrvavartI rAmaputta the / punaH rAmagutta, bAhuka, devala, dvaipAyana, pArAzara Adi jaina paramparA ke RSi nahIM rahe haiM, yadyapi nami ke vairAgya-prasaGga kA ullekha uttarAdhyayana meM hai / isibhAsiyAiM meM jinake vicAroM kA saGkalana huA hai, unameM pArzva Adi ke eka do apavAdoM ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI RSi nigraMntha paramparA ( jaina dharma ) se sambandhita nahIM haiN| isibhAsiyAI aura sUtrakRtAGga donoM se hI rAmagutta ( rAmaputta) kA ajaina honA hI siddha hotA hai, na ki jaina / jabaki samudragupta kA jyeSThaputra rAmagupta spaSTa rUpa se eka jaina dharmAvalambI nareza hai| sambhavataH DA0 bhAgacandra apane pakSa kI siddhi isa AdhAra para karanA cAheM ki sUtrakRtAGga ko mUla gAthAoM meM "putta" zabda na hokara "gutta" zabda hai aura sUtrakRtAGga ke TIkAkAra zIlAGka ne bhI use rAmagupta hI kahA hai, rAmaputta nahIM, sAtha hI use rAjarSi bhI kahA gayA hai, ataH use rAjA honA caahie| kintu hamArI dRSTi se ye tarka bahata sabala nahIM haiN| prathama to yaha ki rAjarSi vizeSaNa nami evaM rAmagupta ( rAmaputta) donoM ke sambandha meM lAgU ho sakatA hai aura yaha bhI sambhava hai ki nami ke samAna rAmaputta bhI koI rAjA rahA ho, jisane bAda meM zramaNa dIkSA aGgIkAra kara lI / punaH hama yadi cUNi kI ora jAte haiM, jo zIlAGka ke vivaraNa kI pUrvavartI haiM, usameM spaSTa rUpa se 'rAmAutte' aisA pATha hai, na ki 'rAmagutte' / isa AdhAra para bhI rAmaputta ( rAmaputra ) kI avadhAraNA 1. majjhima nikAya, 2 / 4 / 5; 2 / 5 / 10 / 2. sUtrakRtAGga, 1 / 3 / 4 / 2 /
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ rAmaputta yA rAmagutta : sUtrakRtAGga ke sandarbha meM ? susaGgata baiThatI hai / isibhAsiyAI kI bhUmikA meM bhI sUtrakRtAGga ke TIkAkAra zIlAGka ne jo rAmagupta pATha diyA hai, use asaGgata batAte hue zUbriGga ne 'rAmaputta' isa pATha kA hI samarthana kiyA hai|' yadyapi sthAnAGga sUtra ke anusAra antakRtadazA ke tIsare adhyayana kA nAma 'rAmagutte' hai| kintu prathama to vartamAna antakRtadazAGga meM upalabdha adhyayana isase bhinna hai, dUsare yaha bhI sambhava hai ki kisI samaya yaha adhyayana rahA hogA aura usameM rAmaputta se sambandhita vivaraNa rahA hogA-yahA~ bhI TIkAkAra kI bhrAntivaza hI 'putta' ke sthAna para gutta ho gayA hai / TIkAkAroM ne mUla pAThoM meM aise parivartana kiye haiN| ___ina saba AdhAroM para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki sUtrakRtAGga meM ullikhita rAmaputta ( rAmagupta ) samudragupta kA jyeSTha putra rAmagupta na hokara pAli tripiTaka sAhitya meM evaM isibhAsiyAiM meM ullikhita rAmaputta hI hai, jisase buddha ne dhyAna-prakriyA sIkhI thii| 1. Isibhasiyaim (A Jaina Text of Early Period), Introduction, p. 4 (Published by L. D Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad). 2. aMtagar3adasANaM dasa ajjhayaNA paNNatA, taM jahA nami mAtaMge somile, rAmagutte sudaMsaNe ceva / jamAlI ya bhagAlI ya, kiMkime pallae i ya // 1 // phAle aMbar3aputte ya, emae dasa AhiyA / -sthAnAGgasUtra, 755 /