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________________ ........ u lusareesaanasasasssssssssesamirmassassssanscenesssansar sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha Anand jaina Agama meM WWWWWWWWWWWNNNNNNN 4. prAyazcitta : svarUpa aura vidhi WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW DA. puSpalatA jaina M-CA fit - NTRIEWERECm HARIWASI E prAyazcitta sAdhaka aura sAdhanA ko vizuddhi se sambaddha, AMtarika cetanA se udbhUta, eka pavitra Abhyantarika tapa hai jo kisI cAritrika doSa se mukta hone ke lie kiyA jAtA hai / sAdhanA kI nizchalatA aura svAbhAvikatA sAdhaka kI anyatama vizeSatA hai| yaha vizeSatA yadi kisI bhI kAraNavaza khaNDita hotI hai to sAdhaka pavitra mana se use svIkAra kara punaH apanI svAbhAvika sthiti meM vApisa paha~ca jAtA hai| vApisa jAne kI isI prakriyA ko prAyazcitta kahA jAtA hai| pramAdajanya doSoM kA parihAra, bhAvoM kI nirmalatA, niHzalyatva, avyavasthA nivAraNa, maryAdA kA pAlana, saMyama kI dRDhatA, ArAdhanA siddhi Adi uddezya prAyazcitta kI pRSThabhUmi meM hote haiN|' AcAryoM ne prAyazcitta ke saMdarbha meM prAyaH cAra artha kiye haiM :(1) aparAdha (2) loka (3) prAcurya aura (4) tapasyA / akalaMkara aura dharmasaMgrahakAra ne prAyaH kA artha aparAdha karake 'prAyazcitta' ko aparAdha-zodhana kA eka sAdhana mAnA hai| dhavalA' meM ise loka vAcaka mAnakara aisI prakriyA kA rUpa kahA jisase sAdharmI aura saMgha meM rahane vAle logoM kA mana apanI ora se vizuddha ho jAye / prAcurya artha hone para isakA tAtparya hai citta kI atyanta nirvikAra avasthA aura jaba usakA artha tapasyA hotA hai taba prAyazcitta kA sambandha tapasyA se saMyukta citta ho jAtA hai| 1. tattvArtha rAjavAttika, 9 22 .2. prAyaH sAdhu loka. prAyasya yasmin karmaNi cittaM tatprAyazcittam ....."aparAdho vA prAyaH cittazuddhiH prAyasya cittaM prAyazcittam aparAdha vizuddhirityarthaH, vahI, 9:22 : 3. (ka) prAyaH pApaM vinirdiSTaM cittaM tasya vizodhanam / dharma saMgraha, 3; (kha) pAva chidai jamhA pAyacchitta tti bhaNNai teNa / --paMcAzaka saTIka vivaraNa, 16.31 4. prAyaH ityucyate lokazcittaM tasya manobhavet / taccittagrAhaka karma prAyazcittamiti smRtam / / -13.5, 4:26, gAthA 9 5. niyamasAra, tAtparyavRtti, 113 6. padmacandra koSa, pRSTha 258 ons.on aman DISin ....... . ...... Des INDI BITTu INTur 132 | caturtha khaNDa : jaina darzana, itihAsa aura sAhitya NEE - www.jaineli + - + - -
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________________ 1. sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha jainAcAryoM ne prAyazcitta ke artha ko nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya kI dRSTi se bhI paTavA prayatna kiyA hai / nizcayanaya meM prAyazcitta kA aisA utkRSTa svarUpa pratidhvanita hotA hai jisameM sAdhaka jJAnasvarUpa AtmA kA bAra-bAra citavana karatA hai aura viruthAdi pramAdoM se apanA mana virakta kara letA 17 jaba sAdhaka pramAdajanya aparAdha kA parihAra kara letA hai taba vaha prAyazcitta ke vyAvahArika rUpa ko aMgIkAra kara letA hai / " prAyazcitta ke ye donoM rUpa AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke lakSya ko prApta karane ke sAdhana haiN| mUla(cAra (gAthA 363) meM prAyazcitta ke lie kucha payAryavAcI zabda diye haiM :- prAcIna karmakSepaNa, nirjarA, zodhana, dhAvana, pucchana, utkSepaNa aura chedana / ye nAma bhI prAyazcita ke vividha rUpoM ko abhivyakta karate haiM / prAyazcitta kA sAMgopAMga varNana cheda sUtra, vyavahAra-sUtra, nizItha, jItakalpa, mUlAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA, anagAra dharmAmRta Adi granthoM meM upalabdha hotA hai / aMgoM meM yadyapi chuTa-puTa ullekha milate haiM para unakA vyavasthita varNana dikhAI nahIM detA / prAyazcitta ko jainadharma meM tapa kA saptama prakAra athavA Abhyantara tapa kA prathama prakAra mAnA jAtA hai / bAraha tapoM ke prakAroM meM bAhya tapa ke turanta bAda Abhyantara tapa kA varNana huA hai jisakA prArambha prAyazcitta se hotA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM vinaya, vaiyAvRttya, svAdhyAya, dhyAna aura vyutsarga kI AdhArazilA prAyazcitta ko svIkArA gayA hai / yaha usake mahattva kI ora iMgita karatA hai kyoMki apane aparAdha kI nizchala svIkRti sAdhaka kI Antarika pavitratA kI pratikRti hai / prAyazcitta AlocanApUrvaka hI hotA hai aura jo RjubhAva se apane aparAdhoM kI AlocanA karatA hai vahI prAyazcita dene yogya hai / prAyazcitta kI paridhi aura vyavasthA svayaMkRta aparAdhoM ke prakAroM para nirbhara rahA karatI hai / isI AdhAra para AcAryoM ne ise dasa bhedoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai / mUlAcAra ( gAthA 362 ) ke anusAra ye dasa bheda haiM- AlocanA, pratikramaNa, tadubhaya, viveka, vyutsarga, tapa, cheda, mUla, parihAra aura zraddhAna / bhagavatI sUtra ( 257) tathA sthAnAMga sUtra (10) meM antima bheda parihAra aura zraddhAna ke sthAna para anavasthApya aura pArAMcika bhedoM kA ullekha hai / mUlAcAra kI paramparA dhavalA (1354 26 11), cAritrasAra (pR0 137), anagAra dharmAmRta (737) Adi granthoM meM dekhI jA sakatI hai / umAsvAti ne kucha parivartana ke sAtha nava bheda hI mAne haiN| unhoMne mUla ko chor3a diyA hai aura zraddhAna ke sthAna para upasthApanA ko svIkAra kiyA hai / ThANAMga (83 sUtra 605 ) meM anavasthApya aura pArAMcika chor3akara kula ATha bheda mAne haiM / usI meM anyatra ( 10 3 sUtra 733 ) yaha saMkhyA bhagavatI jaisI dasa bhI milatI hai| ThANAMga (41 sUtra 263) hI prAyazcitta ke cAra bhedoM kA ullekha karatA hai - jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura vyaktakRtya prAyazcitta ( gItArtha muni dvArA pApa vizodhaka kRtya ) / yahIM usake cAra anya prakAra bhI draSTavya haiM - pratisevanA ( prati siddha kA sevana karanA) 2. prAyazcitta ( ekajAtIya aticAroM kI zuddhi karanA) 3. AropanA prAyazcitta ( eka hI aparAdha kA prAyazcitta bAra-bAra lenA ) 4. parikuMcanA prAyazcitta ( chipAye aparAdha kA prAyazvitta lenA) | bhagavatI sUtra ( 257) meM yaha saMkhyA bar3hakara pacAsa taka pahu~ca gayI hai - dasa prAyazcitta, dasa prAyazcitta dene vAle ke guNa, dasa prAyazcitta lene vAle ke guNa, prAyazcitta ke dasa doSa aura pratisevanA ke dasa kAraNa / 7. niyamasAra, 114 8. aafafafa, 9.20 prAyazcitta: svarUpa aura vidhi : DaoN0 puSpalatA jaina | 133 www.jaind
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________________ sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha prAyazcitta kA yaha sArA vargIkaraNa kadAcit vyakti ke pariNAma aura usakI manovRtti para AdhArita rahe haiM / usakA manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa karane para yaha tathya aura adhika spaSTa ho sakatA hai| AcAryoM ne aparAdhoM kI saMkhyA ko sImita karane kI apekSA prAyazcitta ko sImita karake use dasa bhedoM meM vargIkRta kara diyA hai jinake AdhAra para sAdhaka aprazasta bhAvoM se mukta hokara prazasta bhAvoM meM svayaM ko pratiSThita kara letA hai| 1. AlocanA niSkapaTa bhAva se prasannacitta hokara AcArya ke samakSa Atma-doSoM ko abhivyakta karanA AlocanA hai / " AlocanA karake, sAdhaka punaH pUrvasthiti meM pahu~ca jAtA hai| saccA Alocaka vahI ho sakatA hai jo jAti, kula, vinaya, jJAna, darzana, cAritra, kSAMti, dAMti, niSkapaTatA aura apazcAttApatA guNoM se AbhUSita ho / isI taraha AlocanA aise sAdhuoM ke samakSa kI jAtI hai jo bahuzruta hoM, AcArya yA upAdhyAya hoM tayA ATha guNoM se saMyukta hoM-AcAravAn, AdhAravAna (aticAroM ko samajhane vAlA), vyavahAravAn, apavrIDakara (Alocaka sAdhu kI zarma ko dUra karane vAlA), prakurvaka (aticAroM kI zuddhi karAne meM samartha), aparisrAvI (Alocaka ke doSoM ko prakaTa na karane vAlA), nirNAyaka (asamartha sAdhu ko kramika prAyazcitta dene vAlA), aura apAyadarzI (paraloka Adi kA bhaya dikhAne vAlA) AlocanA karane vAlA sAdhu yadi yathArtha sAdhutva se dUra hogA, mAyAvI hogA to vaha AlocanA nimnalikhita ATha kAraNoM se karegA-1. apamAna nindA se bacane ke lie 2. tuccha jAti ke devoM meM utpanna hone se bacane ke lie 3. nimna mAnava kula meM utpanna hone se bacane ke lie 4. virAdhaka samajhe jAne kA bhaya 5. ArAdhaka hone kI AkAMkSA 6. ArAdhaka na hone kA bhaya, 7. ArAdhaka hone kA | -mAyAcAra aura 8. mAyAvI samajhe jAne kA bhaya / isI prakAra AgamoM meM aise bhI kAraNoM kA ullekha AtA hai jinake kAraNa mAyAvI AlocanA pratikramaNa nahIM karate-1. aparAdha karane para pazcAttApa kI kyA AvazyakatA, 2. aparAdha se nivRtta hue binA AlocanA kI kyA upayogitA, 3. aparAdha kI punaH pravRtti yaza-(caturdizAoM meM vyApta) 5. apakIrti (kSetrIya badanAmI), 6. apanaya (satkAra na honA) 7. kIrti para kalaMka kA bhaya 8. yaza kalaMkita hone kA bhaya / mAyAvI sAdhaka ina kAraNoM se pazcAttApa nahIM krtaa| vaha mana hI mana pazcAttApa rUpI Aga meM jalatA rahatA hai, cAritrika patana se apamAnita hotA hai aura marakara durgati meM jAtA hai| AlocanA nirdoSa honI cAhie / usameM kisI bhI taraha kA chala-kapaTa na ho| bhagavatI ArAdhanA (257), ThANAMga (10.733), tattvArtha rAjavAttika (92.22) Adi granthoM meM AlocanA ke dasa doSoM kA ullekha milatA hai- 1. prAyazcitta ke samaya AcArya ko upakaraNa Adi denA tAki prAyazcitta thor3A mile-AkaMpayitA 2. anumAna lagAkara athavA durbalatA Adi kA bahAnA kara prAyazcitta lenA-aNumANaittA 3. dUsaroM ke dvArA jJAta doSoM kA prakaTa kara denA aura ajJAta doSoM ko chipA lenaa-ditttth| rAjavAttika meM isI ko mAyAcAra kahA hai / 4. kevala sthUla doSoM ko kahanA-bAyaraM / 5. alpa doSoM ko kahanA-suhumaM / 6. usI doSa meM nimagna sAdhu se AlocanA karanA-tassevI / 7. ekAnta sthAna meM dhIre ITTA ++ + .. AMITRA + sara- 2BHK 9. bhagavatIsUtra, 25.7 TIkA; tattvArthavAttika 9:21-2 11. ThANAMga, 8.3*604 10. vahI, 25.7 12. ThANAMga, 8.3:597 134 | caturtha khaNDa : jaina darzana, itihAsa aura sAhitya
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________________ sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha iiiiiiii dhIre AlocanA karanA-channa / 8. prazaMsA athavA pApabhIratA ko pradarzita karane ke uddezya se bhIr3a ke samakSa AlocanA karanA-bahajaNa / 6. ajAnakAra ke samakSa AlocanA karanA-avvatta aura 10. ucca svara se kahanA-sahAulaya / aMtima cAra doSoM ke sthAna para tattvArthavAttika meM nimnalikhita cAra doSoM kI gaNanA kI gayI hai-1. prAyazcitta jAnakara AlocanA karanA 2. kolAhala meM AlocanA karanA, 3. guru ke dvArA diye gaye prAyazcitta kI Agama vihitatA kI jAnakArI karanA 4. apane doSa kA maMvaraNa karanA / ina doSoM se mukta hokara niSkapaTa vRtti se abodha bAlaka kI taraha saralatApUrvaka doSa nivedana karane meM isa prakAra ke doSoM se sAdhaka mukta ho jAtA hai| granthoM ke adhyayana se aisA lagatA hai ki sAdhu aura AyikA ke AlocanA prakAra meM AcAryoM ne kucha antara rakhA hai| udAharaNa ke taura para sAdhu kI AlocanA to ekAMta meM Alocaka aura AcArya ina do upasthiti meM ho jAtI hai para AyikA kI AlocanA sArvajanika sthAna meM tIna vyaktiyoM kI upasthiti meM hI hotI hai| yaha antara kadAcit prAyazcitta dene vAle AcArya ko svayaM para vizvAsa na karane kA pariNAma hogaa| prazasta bhAvoM meM kendrita hone ke lie AtmAlocana kadAcit sarvottama sAdhana mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki sAdhaka usake mAdhyama se Atmastha ho jAtA hai / AcArya akalaMka ne AlocanA kI upayogitA para prakAza DAlate hue kahA hai--"lajjA aura paratiraskAra Adi ke kAraNa doSoM kA nivedana karake bhI yadi unakA zodhana nahIM kiyA jAtA hai to apanI AmadanI aura kharca kA hisAba na rakhane vAle karjadAra kI taraha duHkha kA pAtra honA par3atA hai| bar3I bhArI duSkara tapasyAyeM bhI AlocanA ke binA usI taraha iSTaphala nahIM de sakatIM jisa prakAra virecana se zarIra kI mala zuddhi kiye binA khAI gaI auSadhi / Alocana karake bhI yadi guru ke dvArA diye gaye prAyazcitta kA anuSThAna nahIM kiyA jAtA hai to vaha binA saMvAre dhAnya kI taraha mahAphaladAyaka nahIM ho sktaa| 2. pratikramaNa pratikramaNa kA tAtparya hai vApisa lauTanA / arthAt azubha yoga se zubhayoga meM, 'mithyA me duSkRtam' mAnakara pravRtta ho jAnA, AtmagaNa meM lauTa jAnA / 15 Avazyakaniryakti (1233-1244) cUNi meM pratikramaNa ke nimna ATha nAma sodAharaNa milate haiM-pratikramaNa, pariharaNa, vAraNA, nivRtti, nindA, garhA aura zuddhi / inase pratikramaNa ke bhinna-bhinna AyAmoM para prakAza par3atA hai| doSoM ke pIche mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga se pAMca vizeSa kAraNa hote haiN| inase mukta hone ke lie sAdhaka apane doSoM kA pratikAra karatA hai| kSAyopazamika bhAvoM se audapika bhAva meM jAnA aura phira audayika se kSAyopazamika meM vApisa ho jAnA yahI pratikramaNa hai, AcArya haribhadra aura hemacaMdra kI dRSTi meM / isalie viSaya ke bheda se pratikramaNa pAMca prakAra kA mAnA jAtA hai-AzravadvAra pratikramaNa, mithyAtva pratikramaNa, kaSAya pratikramaNa, yoga pratikramaNa, bhAva pratikramaNa / avirati aura pramAda kA samAveza AzravadvAra meM ho jAtA hai|16 m u UL L L UL +u a +++++++++++ 13. tattvArtha, 9:22.2 14. vahI, 9:22:2 15. svasthAnAt yat parasthAna, pramAdamya vazAd gatam / tatrava kramaNaM bhUya: pratikrapaNamucyate // 16. ThANAMga, 5-3-467 prAyazcitta : svarUpa aura vidhi : DaoN0 puSpalatA jaina | 135 ++++++++++++++++ www.jain
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________________ sAdhvIratna puSyavatI abhinandana grantha prAyazcitta aura pratikramaNa meM antara yaha hai ki prAyazcitta AcArya ke samakSa liyA jAtA hai para pratikramaNa meM AcArya kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| use sAdhaka svayaM prAtaH madhyAnha aura sAyaMkAla kara sakatA hai / AvazyakoM meM use sthAna dekara AcAryoM ne usakI mahattA ko pradarzita kiyA hai| isameM sAdhaka bhatakAla meM lage hae doSoM kI AlocanA karatA hai, vartamAna kAla meM lagane vAle doSoM se saMvara dvArA bacatA hai aura pratyAkhyAna dvArA bhAvI doSoM ko rokatA hai| ___ aparAdha choTA hone para bhI pratikramaNa kiyA jAtA hai| bhAvapAhuDa (78) meM aise choTe aparAdhoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jaise-chahoM indriyA~ tathA vacanAdika kA duSprayoga, apanA hAtha-paira AcArya ko laga jAnA, vrata samiti Adi meM doSa A jAnA, paizunya tathA kalaha karanA, vaiyyAvRtya-svAdhyAyAdi meM pramAda yatana karanA Adi / paDikkamaNavassaya meM bhI eka lambI lisTa do hai jisase sAdhaka-muni ko bacanA cAhiesthUla-sUkSma hiMsA, gamana doSa, AhAra doSa, zalya, mana-vacana-kAya doSa, kaSAya, mada, aticAra, samitigupti-doSa, satraha prakAra kA asaMyama, 18 prakAra kA abrahma, 20 asamAdhisthAna, 21 zabaladoSa, 33 AsAtanA Adi / ___yaha pratikramaNa vrata rahita sthiti meM bhI Avazyaka batAyA hai / yaha zAyada isalie ki avatI sAdhaka kA bhI jhukAva vrata kI ora rahatA ho hai| cAritramohanIya kA viziSTa kSayopazama na hone se vrata grahaNa karane meM vaha kamajorI mahasUsa karatA hai| para vrata dhAraNa karane kI zubha pratIkSA to vaha karatA hI hai| isase vratadhAriyoM ke prati sammAna kA bhAva bar3hatA hai tathA vrata-pAlana kI dizA meM kadama bhI Age AtA hai| sAmAnyarUpa se pratikramaNa do prakAra kA hotA hai-dravyapratikramaNa aura bhAvapratikramaNa / upayogarahita samyakdRSTi kA pratikramaNa dravyapratikramaNa hai| mumukSu ke lie bhAvapratikramaNa hI upAdeya hai| karmoM kI nirjarA rUpa vAstavika phala bhAvapratikramaNa se hI hotA hai| vartamAna meM lage doSoM : karanA aura bhaviSya meM lagane vAle doSoM ko na hone dene ke lie sAvadhAna rahanA pratikramaNa kA mukhya uddezya hai| paMcAzaka (17 gAthA0 6-40) meM dasa kalpoM kA varNana milatA hai jinameM pratikramaNa bhI hai / kalpa kA tAtparya hai sAdhuoM kA anuSThAna vizeSa athavA AcAra 18 3. tadumaya kucha doSa AlocanA mAtra se zuddha hote haiM, kucha pratikramaNa se tathA kucha donoM se zuddha hote haiM, yaha tadubhaya hai| jaise ekendriya jIvoM kA saMsparza, duHsvapna dekhanA, keza luMcana, nakhaccheda, svapna doSa, indriya kA aticAra, rAtribhojana Adi / E - 17. sAmAyika, caturvizatistava, vaMdanA, pratikramaNa, svAdhyAya, kAyotsarga / 18. jaina bola saMgraha, bhAga 3, pR0 240; mUlAcAra (gAthA 909); pacAzaka, 17, gAthA 6-40 19. anagAra dharmAmRta, 7.53 136 / caturtha khaNDa : jaina darzana, itihAsa aura sAhitya - -- www.jal
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________________ sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha JILL sacA daa0| 4. viveka viveka kA tAtparya hai tyaag| AdhAkarma Adi AhAra A jAne para use chor3a denA viveka prAyazcitta hai| 5. vyutsarga nadI, aTavI Adi ke pAra karane meM yadi kisI taraha kA doSa A jAtA hai to use kAyotsargapUrvaka vizuddha kara liyA jAtA hai| anagAradharmAmRta tathA bhAvapAhuDa meM aise aparAdhoM kI eka lambI dI hai jisake lie vyutsarga prAyazcitta karanA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| ise kAyotsarga bhI kahA jAtA hai| isameM zvAsa kA niyamana kara samatA kA bhAvana kiyA jAtA hai| isase anAsakti aura nirbhayatA kA vikAsa hotA hai jo Atma-sAdhanA ke lie Avazyaka hai / 30 6-10. tapa, cheda Adi anya bheda anazana, avamaudarya Adi tapa haiN| yaha tapa prAyazcitta sazakta aura sabala aparAdhI ko diyA jAtA hai| bAra-bAra aparAdha karane para cira-pravajita sAdhu kI amuka dina, pakSa aura mAha Adi kI dIkSA kA cheda karanA cheda hai / isase sAdhu vyavahArataH anya sAdhuoM se choTA ho jAtA hai / mUla prAyazcitta use diyA jAtA hai jo pArzvastha, avasanna kuzIla aura svachanda ho jAtA hai athavA udgama Adi doSoM se yukta AhAra, upakaraNa, vasatikA Adi kA grahaNa karatA hai / jina gurutara doSoM se mahAvratoM para AghAta hotA hai unake hone para dIkSA paryAya kA pUrNatayA chedana kara diyA jAtA hai aura punaH dIkSA de dI jAtI hai| isI ko umAsvAti ne zraddhAna yA upasthApanA kahA hai| anavasthApya parihAra meM viziSTa gurutara aparAdha ho jAne para sAdhaka ko zramaNa saMgha se niSkAsita kara gRhastha veza dhAraNa karA diyA jAtA hai bAda meM viziSTa tapa Adi karane ke uparAMta pUnaH dIkSA dI jAtI hai| pArAMcika parihAra meM chaha mAha se bAraha varSa taka zramaNa saMgha se niSkAsita kiyA jAtA hai| yaha prAyazcitta usa muni ko diyA jAtA hai jo tIrthaMkara, AcArya, saMgha Adi kI jhUThI nindA karatA hai, viruddha AcaraNa karatA hai, kisI strI kA zIla bhaMga karatA hai, vadha kI yojanA banAtA hai athavA isI taraha ke anya gurutara aparAdhoM meM lipta rahatA hai| ina prAyazcittoM ke mAdhyama se sAdhaka apanA antarmana pavitra karatA hai aura vaha punaH sahI mArga para ArUr3ha ho jAtA hai / yahA~ yaha Avazyaka hai ki vratoM meM aticAra Adi doSa A jAne para turanta usakA prAyazcitta le lenA cAhie anyathA usakA vismaraNa ho jAtA hai aura phira vaha saMskAra-sA banakara raha jAtA hai| jo bhI ho, prAyazcitta adhyAtma yAtrA kI eka sIDhI mAnI jA sakatI hai jisa para car3hakara sAdhaka apanI sAdhanA meM nikhAra lAtA hai aura aparAdhoM se bacakara apanI tapasyA ko vizuddha kara letA hai| 4 . 20. tattvArthavAttika, 9:26 21. dhavalA, 13:54:26 prAyazcitta : svarUpa aura vidhi : DaoN0 puSpalatA jaina | 137 www.iaid