Pratyaksha Vichar

Author(s): Sukhlal Sanghavi
Publisher: Z_Darshan_aur_Chintan_Part_1_2_002661.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229026/1

Page #1
pratyakSa vicAra pratyakSake saMbandhameM anya muddoM para likhaneke pahale yaha jatA denA jarUrI hai ki prAcIna samayameM lakSaNakAra RSi pratyakSa lakSaNakA lakSya kitanA samajhate the arthAt ve janya pratyakSa mAtrako lakSya mAnakara lakSaNa racate the, yA janya-nityasAdhAraNa pratyakSako lakSya mAnakara lakSaNa racate the jaisA ki uttarakAlIna naiyAyikoMne Age jAkara janya-nitya sAdhAraNa pratyakSakA lakSaNa racA hai ? jahA~ taka dekhA gayA usase yahI jAna par3atA hai ki prAcIna samayake lakSaNakAroM meM se kisIne cAhe vaha IzvarAvirodhI naiyAyika vaizeSika hI kyoM na ho janyanitya sAdhAraNa pratyakSakA lakSaNa banAyA nahIM hai / IzvarAvirodhI ho yA IzvaravirodhI sabhI darzanakAroMke prAcIna mUla andhoM meM eka mAtra janyapratyakSakA hI nirUpaNa hai| nityapratyacakA kisImeM sambhava bhI hai aura sambhava hai to vaha IzvarameM hI hotA hai isa bAtakA kisI prAcIna granthameM sUcana taka nhiiN| apauruSeyatvake dvArA vedake prAmANyakA samarthana karanevAle mImAMsakoMke viruddha nyAya-vaizeSika darzanane yaha sthApana to zurU kara diyA ki veda zabdAtmaka aura anitya honese usakA prAmANya apauruSeyatva-mUlaka nahIM kintu pauruSeyatva-mUlaka hI hai| phira bhI usa darzanake prAcIna vidvAnoMne veda-praNetArUpase kahIM IzvarakA spaSTa sthApana nahIM kiyA hai| unhoMne vedako prApta RSipraNIta kaha kara hI usakA prAmANya mImAMsaka-sammata prakriyAse bhinna prakriyA dvArA sthApita kiyA aura sAtha hI vedAprAmANyavAdI jaina bauddha Adiko javAba bhI de diyA ki veda pramANa hai kyoMki usake praNetA hamAre mAnya RSi pAsa hI rahe / pichale. 1. vaize0 3. 1. 18 / 'indriyArthasannikarSotpannamavyapadezyamavyabhicAri vyavasAyAtmakaM pratyakSam-nyAyasU0 1. 1. 4 / 'prativiSayAdhyavasAyo dRSTam'--sAMkhyakA0 5 / sAMkhyasU0 1.86 / yogabhA0 1.7 / 'satsaMprayoge puruSasyendriyANAm..........-jaimi0 1. 1. 4 / 'Atmendriyamano'rthAt sanikarSAt pravartate / vyaktA tadAtve yA buddhiH pratyakSa sA nirUpyate // '-- carakasaM0 11.20 / 2. nyAyasU0 1. 1. 7, 2. 1. 66 / vaize0 6.1.1 /

Page #2
156 vyAkhyAkAra naiyAyikoMne jaise Izvarako jagatsraSTA bhI mAnA aura veda - pratA bhI, isI taraha unhoMne usameM nityajJAna kI kalpanA bhI kI vaise kisI bhI prAcIna vaidika darzanasUtragranthoMmeM na to IzvarakA jagatsraSTA rUpase na vedakarttA rUpase spaSTa sthApana hai aura na kahIM bhI usameM nityajJAnake astitvakA ullekha bhI hai / zrataeva yaha sunizcita hai ki prAcIna sabhI pratyakSa lakSaNoM kA lakSya kevala janya pratyakSa hI hai / isI janya pratyakSako lekara kucha muddoM para yahA~ vicAra prastuta hai / 1. laukikAlaukikatA - prAcIna samaya meM lakSyakoTimeM janyamAtra hI niviSTa thA phira bhI cArvAka ke sivAya sabhI darzanakAroMne janya pratyakSake laukika alaukika aise do prakAra mAne haiN| sabhIne indriyajanya aura manomAtrajanya varttamAna saMbaddha viSayaka jJAnako laukika pratyakSa kahA hai / alaukika pratyakSakA varNana bhinna-bhinna darzanoMmeM bhinna-bhinna nAmase hai / sAMkhya yoga, nyAyavaizeSika, aura bauddha sabhI alaukika pratyakSakA yogi pratyakSa yA yogi-jJAna nAmase nirUpaNa karate haiM jo yogajanya sAmarthya dvArA janita mAnA jAtA hai / 1 R B mImAMsaka jo sarvajJatvakA khAsakara dharmAdharmasAkSAtkArakA ekAnta virodhI hai at bhI mokSAGgabhUta eka prakArake zrAtmajJAnakA astitva mAnatA hai jo vastutaH yogajanya yA alaukika hI hai / vedAntameM jo IzvarasAkSIcaitanya hai vahI alaukika pratyakSa sthAnIya hai / jaina darzanakI zrAgamika paramparA aise pratyakSako hI pratyakSa kahatI hai ' kyoMki usa paramparA ke anusAra pratyakSa kevala vahI mAnA jAtA hai jo indriyajanya na ho| usa paramparA ke anusAra to darzanAntarasaMgata laukikapratyakSa pratyakSa nahIM para parokSa hai phira bhI jaina darzanakI tArkika paramparA pratyakSake do prakAra mAnakara ekako jise darzanAntaroMmeM laukika pratyakSa kahA hai sAMvyavahArika 1. yogasU0 3 54 | sAMkhyakA0 64 | 2. vaize0 6.1.13-15 | 3. nyAyavi0 1.11 / 4. 'sarvatraiva hi vijJAnaM saMskAratvena gamyate parAGga' 'cAtmavijJAnAdanyatretyavadhAraNAt // ' --tantravA0 pR0 240 / 5. tattvArtha0 1. 22 / 6. tavArtha0 1.11 /

Page #3
150 pratyakSa kahatI hai' aura dUsareko jo darzanAntaroMmeM alaukika pratyakSa kahA jAtA hai pAramArthika pratyakSa kahatI hai / tathA pAramArthika pratyakSake kAraNarUpase labdhi yA viziSTa AtmazaktikA varNana karatI hai, jo eka prakAra se jaina paribhASAmeM yogaja dharma hI hai / 2. alaukika nirvikalpakA sthAna - prazna yaha hai ki alaukika pratyakSa nirvikalpaka hI hotA hai yA savikalpaka hI hotA hai, yA ubhayarUpa ? isake uttara meM ekavAkyatA nahIM / tArkika bauddha aura zAGkaravedAnta paramparAke sara to laukika pratyakSa nirvikalpa hI saMbhavita hai savikalpaka kabhI nahIM / rAmAnujakA mata* isase bilakula ulaTA hai, tadanusAra laukika ho yA alaukika koI bhI pratyakSa sarvathA nirvikalpaka saMbhava hI nahIM para nyAya vaizeSika Adi anya vaidika darzana ke anusAra alaukika pratyakSa savikalpaka nirvikalpaka ubhaya saMbhavita jAna par3atA hai / yahA~ saMbhavita zabdakA prayoga isalie kiyA hai ki bhAsarvajJa ( nyAyasAra pR0 4) jaise prabala naiyAyikane uktarUpase dvividha yogi pratyakSakA spaSTa hI kathana kiyA hai phira bhI kaNAdasUtra aura prazastapAdabhASya zrAdi prAcIna granthoMmeM aisA koI spaSTa nirdeza nahIM / jaina paramparA ke anusAra alaukika yA pAramArthika pratyakSa ubhayarUpa hai / kyoMki jaina darzanameM jo avadhidarzana tathA kevaladarzana nAmaka sAmAnyabodha mAnA jAtA hai vaha alaukika nirvikalpaka hI / aura jo avadhijJAna, mana:paryayajJAna tathA kevalajJAnarUpa vizeSabodha hai vahI savikalpaka hai / 3. pratyakSatvakA niyAmaka - prazna haiM ki pratyakSatvakA niyAmaka tattva kyA hai, jisake kAraNa koI bhI bodha yA jJAna pratyakSa kahA jAtA hai ? isakA javAba bhI darzanoM meM ekavidha nahIM / navya zAGkara vedAntake anusAra pratyakSatvakA niyAmaka hai pramANacaitanya aura viSayacaitanyakA bheda jaisA ki vedAntaparibhASA ( pR0 23 ) maiM savistara varNita hai / nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya yoga, bauddha, bhImAMsaka darzana ke anusAra pratyakSatvakA niyAmaka hai sannikarSajanyatva, jo sannikarSa se, cAhe vaha sannikarSa laukika ho yA alaukika, janya hai, vaha saba pratyakSa | jaina darzanameM pratyakSa niyAmaka do tattva haiM / zrAgamika paramparA ke anusAra to eka mAtra 1. TippaNI pR0 22 ! 2. Indian Psychology : Perception. P. 352. pratyakSasya kadAcidapi na nirvizeSaviSayatvam' - zrI bhASya 3. 'ataH pR0 21 /

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AtmamAtra sApekSatva hI pratyakSatvakA niyAmaka (sarvArtha 1. 12 ) hai| jaba ki tArkika paramparAke anusAra usake alAvA indriyamanojanyatva bhI pratyakSatvakA niyAmaka phalita hotA hai / (pramANamI0 1.20) vastutaH jainatArkika paramparA nyAya-vaizeSika zrAdi vaidika darzanAnusAriNI hI hai / 4. pratyakSatvakA kSetra pratyakSatva kevala nirvikalpakamaiM hI maryAdita hai yA vaha savikalpaka meM bhI hai ? isake javAba meM bauddha kA kathana hai ki vaha mAtra nirvikalpakameM maryAdita hai| jaba ki bauddha bhinna sabhI darzanoMkA mantavya nirvikalpaka-savikalpaka donoM meM pratyakSatvake svIkArakA hai| 5. janya nityasAdhAraNa pratyakSa--abhItaka janyamAtrako lakSya mAnakara lakSaNakI carcA huI para madhyayugameM jaba ki IzvarakA jagatkartR rUpase yA vedapraNetR rUpase nyAya vaizeSikAdi darzanoM meM spaSTa sthAna nirNIta huA tabhIse IzvarIya pratyakSa nitya mAne jAneke kAraNa janya nitya ubhaya sAdhAraNa pratyakSa lakSaNa banAnekA prazna IzvaravAdiyoMke sAmane aaayaa| jAna par3atA hai aise sAdhAraNa lakSaNakA prayatna bhAsarvajJane sarvaprathama kiyA / usane 'samyagaparokSAnubhava' (nyAyasAra pR0 2) ko pratyakSa pramA kahakara janya-nitya ubhaya-pratyakSakA eka hI lakSaNa bnaayaa| zAlikanAtha jo prabhAkarakA anugAmI hai usane bhI 'sAkSAtpratIti' (prakaraNapa0 pR0 51) ko pratyakSa kahakara dUsare zabdomaiM bAhyaviSayaka indriyajanya tathA zrAtmA aura jJAnagrAhI indriyAjanya aise dvividha pratyakSa (prakaraNa10 pR0 51) ke sAdhAraNa lakSaNa kA praNayana kiyA / para Age jAkara navya naiyAyikoMne bhAsarvazake aparokSa pada tathA zAlikanAthake sAkSAtpratIti padakA 'jJAnAkaraNakazAna' ko janya-nitya sAdhAraNa pratyakSa kahakara navya paribhASAmeM spaSTIkaraNa kiyA (muktA0 52) / idhara jainadarzanake tArkikoMmeM bhI sAdhAraNalakSaNapraNayanakA prazna upasthita huaA jAna par3atA hai| jaina darzana nityapratyakSa to mAnatA hI nahIM ataeva usake sAmane janya-nityasAdhAraNa lakSaNakA prazna na thA / para sAMvyavahArika, pAramArthika ubhayavidha pratyakSake sAdhAraNa lakSaNakA prazna thaa| jAna par3atA hai isakA javAba sarvaprathama siddhasena divAkarane hI diyaa| unhoMne aparokSarUpa jJAnako pratyakSa kahakara sAMvyavahArika-pAramArthika ubhayasAdhAraNa aparokSatvako lakSaNa banAyA ( nyAyA* 4) / yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki siddhasenake 'aparokSa'padake prayogakA prabhAva bhAsarvajJake lakSaNameM hai yA nahIM ? para itanA to nizcita hI hai ki jaina paramparAmeM aparokSatvarUpase sAdhAraNa lakSaNakA prAraMbha siddhasenane hI kiyaa|

Page #5
156 6. doSakA nivAraNa-siddhasenane aparokSatvako pratyakSa mAtrakA sAdhAraNa lakSaNa banAyA / para usameM eka truTi hai jo kisI bhI sUkSmaprajJa tAkiMkase chipI raha nahIM sktii| vaha yaha hai ki agara pratyakSakA lakSaNa aparokSa hai to parokSakA lakSaNa kyA hogA ? agara yaha kahA jAya ki parokSakA lakSaNa pratyakSabhinnatva yA apratyakSatva hai to isameM spaSTa hI zranyonyAzraya hai| jAna par3atA hai isa dopako dUra karanekA tathA aparokSatvake svarUpako sphuTa karanekA prayatna sarvaprathama mahAraka akalaGkane kiyaa| unhoMne bahuta hI prAJjala zabdoM meM kaha diyA ki jo jJAna vizada hai vahI pratyakSa haiM-(laghI0 1.3) / unhoMne isa bAkyameM sAdhAraNa lakSaNa to garmita kiyA hI para sAtha hI ukta anyonyAzraya doSako bhI TAla diyA / kyoMki aba aparokSapada hI nikala gayA, jo parokSatvake nirvacanakI apekSA rakhatA thA / akalaGka kI lAkSaNikatAne, kevala itanA hI nahIM kiyA para sAtha hI vaizadyakA sphoTa bhI kara diyA / vaha sphoTa bhI aisA ki jisase sAMvyavahArika pAramArthika donoM pratyakSakA saMgraha ho| unhoMne kahA ki anumAnAdiko apekSA vizeSa pratibhAsa karanA hI vaizaya hai--(laghI0 1. 4) / akalaGkakA yaha sAdhAraNa lakSaNakA prayatna aura sphoTa hI uttaravartI sabhI zvetAmbara-digambara tArkikoMke pratyakSa lakSaNameM pratibimbita huaa| kisI ne vizad padake sthAnameM 'spaSTa pada (pramANana02.2) rakhA to kisIne usI padako hI rakhA--(parI 2.3) / prA. hemacandra jaise aneka sthaloMmeM akalaGkAnugAmI haiM vaise hI pratyakSake lakSaNake bAremeM bhI akalaGkake hI anugAmI haiM / yahA~ taka ki unhoMne to vizada pada aura vaizayakA vivaraNa akalaGkake samAna hI rkhaa| akalaGkakI paribhASA itanI dRDhamUla ho gaI ki antima tArkika upAdhyAya yazovijayajIne bhI pratyakSake lakSaNameM usIkA Azraya kiyA-tarkabhASA0 pR0 1 / I0 1636] [pramANa mImAMsA