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________________ prAkRta tathA apabhraMza zodha meM - kAryakI dizAe~ DaoN0 devendrakumAra zAstrI, nImaca yadyapi pazcima dezoM meM anuvAdoMke mAdhyama se saMskRtakA paricaya solahavIM zatAbdIke anta taka ho cukA thA, kintu pAli- prAkRtakA adhyayana bhASAke rUpameM bhI aThArahavIM zatAbdI se pUrva nahIM ho sakA / isakA kAraNa yahI thA ki usa samaya taka pAli - prAkRtake sAhityakI koI jAnakArI yUropako nahIM thI / saMskRtakI ora bhI pUrNa rUpase vidvAnoMkA dhyAna AkRSTa karanekA zreya sara viliyama jonsako hai / prAkRta ke adhyayanakA sarvaprathama ullekha cArlsa vilkinsake 'abhijJAnazAkuntala' ke adhyayanake sAtha milatA hai| isa phrAMsIsI vidvAnkA yaha mahAn svapna thA ki saMskRta aura prAkRtake sAtha zakuntalA nATakakA sampAdita saMskaraNa mere dvArA prakAzita ho; parantu isa prakArake adhyayanase prAkRta bhASA aura usake sAhityakI koI jAnakArI taba taka nahIM mila sakI thI / prApta jAnakArIke AdhAra para henarI TAmasa kolabuka (1797 - 1828 I0 ) prAcya vidyAoMke gambhIra adhyetA the, jinhoMne saMskRtake sAtha prAkRta bhASA, saMskRta - prAkRta chandaH zAstra, darzana, jainadharma, bauddhadharma Adi para vidvattApUrNa nibandha likhe the / vAstavameM Adhunika yugameM prAcya vidyAoMke kSetrameM jaina sAhityake adhyayana va anusandhAnakA Arambha jaina hastalikhita granthoMkI khojase prArambha hotA hai / unnIsavIM zatAbdI ke prArambhameM bambaIke zikSA vibhAgane vibhinna kSetroM meM daurA karake nijI saMgrahoMke hastalikhita granthoMkA vivaraNa taiyAra karaneke lie kucha anya vidvAnoMke sAtha DaoN0 je0 jI0 bUlarako bhI niyukta kiyA thA / 1866 I0 meM DaoN0 bUlarane balina ( jaramanI ) pustakAlayake lie pA~ca sau jaina grantha khojakara bheje the / usa samaya saMgrahake rUpameM kraya kiye gae tathA bhANDArakara zodha saMsthAnameM surakSita una sabhI hastalikhita granthoMke vivaraNa va Avazyaka jAnakArIke rUpameM 1837-98 I0 taka samaya-samaya para bhANDArakara, DaoN0 balara, kolahArna, pITarsana aura anya vidvAnoMkI riporTeM prakAzita ho cukI haiN| prAcyavidyA - jagat meM yaha eka nayA AyAma thA, jisane jenadharma va prAkRta bhASA evaM sAhityakI ora bhAratIya va videzI vidvAnoMkA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA / svayaM DaoN0 bUlarane 1887 I0 meM apane zodha kArya ke AdhAra para jainadharmake sambandha meM eka pustaka likhI jo atyanta lokapriya huI | isakA aMgarejI anuvAda san 1930 I0 meM landana se 'da iNDiyana sekTa oNva da jainsa' nAmase prakAzita huA / isa pustaka meM DaoN0 bUlarane spaSTa rUpase nirUpita kiyA ki jainadharma bhAratavarSa ke bAhara anya dezoM meM bhI gayA thA / isa dharmakA uddezya sabhI prANiyoMko mukti pradAna karanA hai / vidyA mahattvapUrNa anusandhAtAke rUpameM ullekhanIya vidvAn vebara haiM / bambaIke zikSA vibhAgase anumati prApta kara DaoN0 bUlarane jina pA~ca sau granthoMko balina pustakAlaya meM bhejA thA, unakA adhyayana anuzIlana kara vebarane kaI varSoM taka parizrama kara bhAratIya sAhitya (Indischen Studien) ke rUpameM mahAn grantha 1882 I0 meM prastuta kiyaa| yaha grantha satraha jildoMmeM nibaddha hai / yadyapi ' kalpasUtra' kA aMgarejI anuvAda 1848 I0 meM sTIvensana dvArA prakAzita ho cukA thA, kintu jaina Agama granthoMkI bhASA tathA sAhityakI ora taba taka videzI vidvAnoMkA vizeSa rUpase jhukAva nahIM huA thA / vebarane isa sAhitya - 491 -
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________________ kA vizeSa mahattva pratipAdita kara 1858 I0 meM dhanezvarasUri kRta 'zatruJjaya mAhAtmya' kA sampAdana kara vistRta bhUmikA sahita prathama bAra lipajiga ( jarmanI ) se prakAzita karAyA / zvetAmbara Agama grantha 'bhagavatIsUtra' jo zodha kArya vebarane kiyA, vaha cirasmaraNIya mAnA jAtA hai / yaha grantha balinakI bisencAphena (Wissenchaften ) akAdamIse 1866-67 I0 meM mudrita huA thA / vebarane jainoMke dhArmika sAhityake viSaya meM vistArase likhA thA, jisakA aMgarejI anuvAda - smithane prakAzita kiyA thA / viNDiza ne apane vizvakoza (Encyclopedia of Indo-Aryan Research) meM tatsambandhI vistRta vivaraNa diyA hai / isa prakAra jaina vidyAoMke adhyayanakA sUtrapAta karanevAlA tathA zodha va anusandhAnakI dizAoMko nirdiSTa karanevAlA vizvakA sarvaprathama adhyayana kendra jarmana meM vizeSa rUpase barlina rahA hai / hoephara, lAssana, spIgala, pheDarika hega, ricarDa pizela, bevara, I0 lyumana, DaoN0 harmana jekobI, Dablyu0 hviTamana, vAlTara zUbriMga, luDaviga oNlsaDorpha, nArmana brAuna, klAsa bruhana, gusteva raoNtha aura Dablyu0 bI0 bolle ityAdi jarmana vidvAn haiM / prAcyavidyAoMkI bhA~ti jainavidyAoMkA bhI dUsarA mahattvapUrNa adhyayana kendra phrAnsa thA / phrAMsIsI vidvAnoMmeM sarvaprathama ullekhanIya haiM--yurinATa / unakA mahattvapUrNa grantha 'ese Di bibliyAgrAphi jaina' perisa se 1906 meM prakAzita huA / isameM vibhinna jaina viSayoMse sambandhita 852 prakAzanoMke sandarbha nihita haiM / 'jainoMkA dharma' (Religion Jains) pustaka unakI pustakoMmeM sarvAdhika carcita rahI / yathArtha meM phrAMsIsI vidvAn vizeSakara aitihAsika tathA purAtAttvika viSayoMpara zodha va anusandhAna kArya karate rhe| unhoM isa dizAmeM jo mahattvapUrNa kArya kie, ve Aja bhI ullekhanIya haiM / gyurinATane jaina abhilekhoMke aitihAsika mahattva para vizeSa rUpase prakAza DAlA hai / unhoMne jaina grantha sUcI- nirmANake sAtha hI unapara TippaNa tathA saMgrahoM kA bhI vivaraNa prastuta kiyA thA / vAstavameM sAhityika tathA aitihAsika anusandhAnameM grantha- sUciyoM kA vizeSa mahattva hai / yadyapi 1897 I0 meM jarmana vidvAn arnesTa lyumanane 'e lisTa oNva da mainyuskripTa ina da lAyabra erI eTa sTrAsabarga", viyenA oriyanTala jarnala, jilda 11, pR0 279 meM dau sau hastalikhita digambara jaina granthoMkA paricaya diyA thA, kintu gyurinATake pazcAt isa dizA meM klATa ( Klatt) ne mahAn kArya kiyA thA / unhoMne jaina granthokI lagabhaga 1100-1200 pRSThoMmeM mudrita hone yogya anukra NikA taiyAra kI thI, kintu durbhAgyase usa kAryake pUrNa honeke pUrva hI unakA nidhana ho gayA / bevara aura arnesTa lyumanane 'iNDiyana enTikverI' meM usa bRhat saMkalanake lagabhaga 55 pRSTha namUne ke rUpameM mudrita karAye the / bhAratavarSa meM isa prakArakA kArya sarvaprathama baMgAlakI eziyATika sosAyaTIke mAdhyama se prakAzameM AyA / 1877 I0 rAjendralAla mitrane "e DiskripTiva keTalAga oNva saMskRta mainyuskripTsa ina da lAibrerI oNva da eziyATika sosAyaTI oNva beMgAla" kalakattAse prakAzita kiyA thA, jisameM kucha prAkRta tathA apabhraMza granthoM ke nAma bhI milate haiM / mukhya rUpase isa mahattvapUrNa kAryakA prArambha isa dezameM bhaNDArakarake prakAzita " lisTa oNva saMskRta mainyuskripTsa ina prAiveTa lAibrerIja ina da bAmbe presIDenDI" granthase mAnA jAtA hai / isI zrRMkhalA meM supArzvadAsa gupta dvArA sampAdita " e kaiTalAga oNva saMskRta, prAkRta eNDa hindI varksa ina 1. 'da kanTribyuzana oNva phrenca eNDa jarmana skaoNlarsa TU jaina sTaDIz2a", AcArya bhikSu smRti grantha, kalakattA, 1961, pR0 166 / 2. gopAlanArAyaNa bahurA " jainavAGmayake yorapIya saMzodhaka", pR0 747-48 munizrI hajArImala smRti-prantha / - 492 -
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________________ da jaina siddhAnta bhavana, ArA" ( 1919 I0 ) evaM dalAla aura lAlacandra bha0 gAMdhI dvArA sampAdita "kaiTalAga oNva mainyuskripTsa ina jaisalamera bhANDArAja" gAyakavAr3a o0 sI0, bar3audA (1923 I0 ), rAyabahAdura hIrAlAla, "keTalAga oNva saMskRta eNDa prAkRta mainyuskripTsa ina da sI0 pI0 eNDa barAra", nAgapura, 1926I0 Adi ullekhanIya haiN| Adhunikatama khojoMke AdhArapara isa dizAmeM kucha adhika mahattvapUrNa grantha-sUciyoMkA nirmANa huA, jinameM eca0 DI0 velaNakarakA "keTalAga aura prAkRtika mainyuskripTsa", jilda 3-4, bambaI (1930 I0) tathA 'jinaratnakoza', pUnA (1944 I0), hIrAlAla rasikadAsa kApar3iyA kA "DiskripTiva kelAga oNva mainyuskripTsa ina da gavarnameNTa mainyuskripTsa lAibra erI", bhaNDArakara o0 ri0 I0, pUnA (1954 I0), DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAlakA "rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroMkI granthasUcI " bhA0 1 - 5 tathA muni vijayajIke "e keTalAga oNva saMskRta eNDa prAkRta mainyuskripTsa ina da rAjasthAna o0ri0 iM0 jodhapura kalekzana" evaM puNyavijayajIke pATanake jaina bhaNDAroMkI grantha- sUciyA~ atyanta mahatvapUrNa haiM 1 apabhraMzake jaina granthoMkI prakAzita evaM aprakAzita hastalikhita granthoMkI sUcIke lie lekhakakI bhAratIya jJAnapIThase prakAzita pustaka "apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhityakI zodha pravRttiyA~" paThanIya hai, jisameM apabhraMzase sambandhita sabhI prakArakA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| vAstavameM jaramana vidvAn vAlTara zugine sarvaprathama jaina hastalikhita granthoMkI bRhat sUcI taiyAra kI thI jo 1944 I0 meM lipajigase prakAzita huI aura jisameM 1127 jaina hastalikhita granthoMkA pUrNa vivaraNa pAyA jAtA hai / yaha sabase mahattva - pUrNa kArya mAnA jAtA hai / isa prakArake kAryoMse hI zodha va anusandhAnakI dizAe~ vibhinna rUpoMko grahaNa kara sakIM / Adhunika yugameM prAkRtika tathA apabhraMza viSayaka zodha kArya mukhya rUpase tIna dhArAoM meM pravAhita rahA hai - (1) sAhityika adhyayana, (2) sAMskRtika adhyayana aura (3) bhASAvaijJAnika adhyayana | sAhityika adhyayana ke antargata jaina Agama - sAhityakA adhyayana pramukha hai / yaha eka asandigdha tathya ki Adhunika yugameM jainAgamoMkA bhalIbhA~ti adhyayana kara unako prakAzameM lAnekA zreya jarmana vidvAnoMko hai / yadyapi saMskRta ke katipaya jaina granthoMkA adhyayana unnIsavIM zatAbdIke prArambhameM hone lagA thA, kintu prAkRta tathA apabhraMza sAhityakA sAMgopAMga adhyayana DaoN0 harmana jekobIse Arambha hotA hai / DaoN0 jekobIne kaI prAkRta jaina granthoM kA sampAdana kara unapara mahattvapUrNa TippaNa likhe / unhoMne sarvaprathama zvetAmbara jainAgama-grantha' bhagavatIsUtra'kA sampAdana kara 1868 I0 meM prakAzita kiyA / taduparAnta ' kalpasUtra' (1879 I0), "AcArAMgasUtra" (1885 I0) 'uttarAdhyayanasUtra' (1886 I0) Adi granthoMpara zodha kArya kara sampAdita kiyA / isI samaya sAhityika granthoM meM jaina kathAoMkI ora DaoN0 jekobIkA dhyAna gayA / san 1899 I0 meM 'upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA' kA saMskaraNa prakAzita huA / isake pUrva ' kathAsaMgraha' 1886 I0 meM prakAzita ho cukA thA / 'paumacariyaM', 'NemiNAhacariu' aura 'saNayakumAracariu kramazaH 1914, 1921-22 meM prakAzita hue / isI adhyayanakI zrRMkhalA meM apabhraMzakA pramukha kathAkAvya 'bhavisayattakahA' kA prakAzana san 1998 meM prathama bAra maMcana ( jaramanI) se huaa| isa prakAra jaramana vidvAnoMke athaka prayatna, parizrama tathA lagAtAra zodhakAryoMmeM saMlagna rahaneke pariNAma svarUpa hI jaina vidyAoMmeM zodha va anusandhAnake nae AyAma unmukta ho sake haiN| oNlsaDorphane 'kumArapAlapratibodha' (1928 I0), harivaMzapurANa ( mahApurANake antargata), (1936 I0), uttarAdhyayanasUtra, mUlAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA (1968) Adi granthoMkA susampAdana kara prAkRta tathA apabhraMza sAhitya para mahAn kArya kiyA / vAlTara zubriMgane 'dasaveyAliyasuttaM' kA eka sundara saMskaraNa tathA 1. epha0 viesiMgara : jaramana iNDolaoNjI : pAsTa eNDa prijenTa, bambaI, 1969, pR0 21 / - 493 -
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________________ aMgarejI anuvAda taiyAra kiyA jo 1932 meM ahamadAbAdase prakAzita huA / unake dvArA hI sampAdita 'isibhAsiya' bhA0 2 (1943 I0) prakAzita hue / zubriMga aura kellaTake sampAdanameM tIna chedasUtra " AyAradasAo, vavahAra aura nisIha" (1966 I0) haimburga se prakAzita hue| isI prakAra je0 epha0 kolakA 'sUryaprajJapti' (1937 i0 ), Dablyu0 kiphelakA 'jambUdvIpaprajJapti' (1937 I0), hammakA 'gIyatthavihAra' ( mahAnizIthakA chaThA adhyayana ) ( 1948 I0), klaoNsakA 'caupannamahApurisa cariyaM' (1955 I0), naoNrmanakA 'sthAnAMgasUtra'' (1956), oNlsaDorphakA 'itthiparinnA' (1958 I0), e0 UnokA 'pravacanasAra' ( 1966 I0 ), tathA TI0 hanAkIkA 'anuyogadvArasUtra' (1970) ityAdi prakAzameM Aye / 1925 I0 meM kiraphala (Kirfel) ne upAMga 'jIvAjIvAbhigama' ke sambandhameM pratipAdana kara yaha batAyA thA ki vastutaH yaha 'jambUdvIpaprajJapti' se sambaddha hai / san 1926 meM vAlTara zubrigane apanI pustaka 'vorta mahAvIrAja' ke paricaya meM jainAgamoMke udbhava va vikAsake sAtha hI unakA sAhityika mUlyAMkana bhI kiyA thA / san 1929 mburga kAmpatr (Kamptz) ne Agamika prakIrNakoM ko lekara zodhopAdhi hetu apanA zodha-prabandha prastuta kara DaoNkTareTa prApta kI thii| jainAgamake TIkA - sAhitya para sarvekSaNakA kArya arnesTa lyumanane bahuta hI parizramapUrvaka kiyA thA, kintu ve use pUrNa nahIM kara sake / anantara " overazciT overa di Avazyaka liTarecara" ke rUpameM use vAlTara zubriMgane 1934 I0 meM hambargase prakAzita kiyaa| isa prakAra jainAgama tathA jaina sAhityakI zodha-paramparAke puraskartA jaramana vidvAn rahe haiN| Aja bhI vahA~ zodha va anusandhAnakA kArya gatimAna hai / san 1935 meM pheDegana ( Faddegon ) ne suprasiddha digambara jainAcArya kundakundake 'pravacanasAra' kA aMgarejI anuvAda kiyA thA / isa saMskaraNakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki AcArya amRtacandrakI 'tattvapradIpikA' TIkA, vyAkhyA va TippaNoMse yaha samalaMkRta hai rahI hai / isa tarahake prakAzanakI ora hamArA dhyAna jAnA cAhiye / vartamAna yugameM samyak bhAva- bodhake lie samyak dizAmeM samyak kArya honA nitAnta apekSita hai / / aise anuvAdoMkI kamI Aja bahuta khaTaka sAhityika vidhAoM meM jaina kathA - sAhitya para sarvaprathama DaoN0 jekobIne prakAza DAlA thaa| isa dizA - meM pramukha rUpase arnesTa lyumanane pAdaliptasUrikI 'taraMgavatIkathA' kA jarmana bhASAmeM sundara anuvAda 'dAi nona' (Die Nonne) ke nAmase 1931 I0 meM prakAzita kiyA thA / tadanantara harTelane jaina kathAoMpara mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA / klAsa hanane "zIlAMkake caupannamahApurisacariyaM" para zodhopAdhi prApta kara san 1954 meM use haimbarga se prakAzita kiyaa| Ara0 viliyamsane 'maNipaticarita' ke do rUpoMko prastuta kara mUla granthakA aMgarejI anuvAda kiyA / isa taraha samaya-samaya para jaina kathA-sAhitya para zodha kArya hotA rahA hai / jainadarzanake adhyayanakI paramparA hamArI jAnakArIke anusAra Adhunika kAlameM albakhta bevarake 'phregamenTa Ava bhagavatI' ke prakAzanase 1867 I0 se mAnanA caahie| kadAcit eca0 eca0 vilsanane "e skeca oNva da rilIjiyasa sekTsa oNva da hindUja" (jilda 1, landana, 1862 I0 ) pustakameM jainadharma tathA jainadarzanakA ullekha kiyA thA / kintu usa samaya taka yahI mAnA jAtA thA ki jainadharma hindUdharmakI eka zAkhA hai / kintu bevara, jekobI, glAsanepa Adi jaramana vidvAnoMke zodha va anusandhAna kAryoMse yaha tathya nizcita va sthira ho gayA ki jainadharma eka svatantra darzana va maulika paramparA hai / isa dRSTise DaoN0 1. saMskRta eNDa elAiDa iNDolaoNjikala sTaDIja ina yUropa, 1956, pR0 66 / 2. prosIDiMgsa oNva da seminAra ina prAkRta sTaDIja, pUnA yUnivarsiTI, 1970, pR0 210 / 3. vahI, pR0 111 / - 494 -
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________________ heltha vAna glAsanepakI pustaka "da DAkTrIna oNva jarmana ina jaina philAsaphI " atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai jo san 1942 meM bambaIse prakAzita huI thI / aitihAsika dRSTise jImara aura smithake kArya vizeSa rUpase ullekhanIya haiM / epha0 DablyU0 thaoNmasane A0 hemacandra kRta 'syAdvAdamaMjarI' kA bahuta sundara aMgrejI anuvAda anuvAda kiyA jo 1960 I0 meM balinase prakAzita huA / 1963 I0 meM Ara0 viliyamsane svatantra rUpase 'jainayoga' para pustaka likhI jo 1963 I0 meM landanase prakAzita huI / koleTa kellaTane jainoMke zrAvaka tathA muni AcAra viSayaka eka mahattvapUrNa pustaka "lesa eksapiezansa DAnsa le ricuala enziyana Desa rilijiyaksa jaina" likhakara 1965 I0 meM perisase prakAzita kii| vAstavameM ina saba viSayoM para isa laghu nibandha meM likha pAnA sambhava nahIM hai / kevala itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki paramANuvAdase lekara vanaspati, rasAyana Adi vividha viSayoMkA jainAgamoMmeM jahA~ kahIM ullekha huA hai, unako dhyAnameM rakhakara vibhinna vidvAnoMne patra-patrikAoMke sAtha hI vizvakozoM meM bhI unakA vivaraNa dekara zodha va anusandhAnakI dizAoMko prazasta kiyA hai / unameMse jainoMke digambara sAhitya va darzana para jarmanI vidvAn vAlTara Deneke (Walter Denecke) ne apane zodha-prabandhameM digambara Agamika granthoMkA bhASA va viSayavastu donoM rUpoM meM paryAlocana kiyA thA / unakA prabandha san 1923 meM haimburga se "digambara - TeksTe : Ine darzateluMga iharera prAkha unDa iharesa inhAlTsa" ke nAmase prakAzita huA thA / " bhAratIya vidvAnoMmeM DaoN0 AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye, DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina, paM0 becaradAsa dozI, to bodha paNDita, siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAzacandra, siddhAntAcArya paM0 phulacandra, DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI, paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, pa0 dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA, DaoN0 rAjArAma jaina, DaoN0 eca0 sI0 bhAyANI, DaoN0 ke0 Ara0 candra, DaoN0 devendrakumAra jaina, DaoN0 premasumana aura lekhakake nAma ullekhanIya haiM / DaoN0 upAdhyene eka darjana prAkRta granthoMkA sampAdana kara kIrtimAna sthApita kiyA / apabhraMzake 'paramAtmaprakAza' kA sampAdana Apane hI kiyA / 'pravacanasAra' aura 'tiloyapaNNatti' jaise granthoMke saphala sampAdanakA zreya Apako hai / sAhityika tathA dArzanika -- donoM prakArake granthoMkA Apane sundara sampAdana kiyA / AcArya siddhasenake 'sanmatisUtra' kA bhI sundara saMskaraNa Apane prastuta kiyA, jo bambaIse prakAzita huA / prAcyavidyAoMke kSetrameM ApakA maulika evaM abhUtapUrva yogadAna rahA hai / DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina aura siddhAntAcArya paM0 phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrIne mahAn saiddhAntika grantha dhavalA, jayadhavalA AdikA sampAdana va anuvAda kara use janasulabha banAyA / apabhraMza granthoMko prakAzameM lAnekA zreya DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina, pI0 ela0 vaidya, DaoN0 harivallabha cunnIlAla bhAyANI, paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI, DaoN0 rAjArAma jaina, DaoN0 devendrakumAra jaina aura DaoN0 devendrakumAra zAstrIko hai re / paM0 paramAnanda jaina zAstrIke 'jaina grantha prazasti-saMgraha' ke pUrva taka apabhraMzakI lagabhaga 25 racanAoMkA patA calatA thA, kintu unake prazasti-saMgraha prakAzita honese 126 racanAe~ prakAza meM A giiN| lekhaka ne " apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodha pravRttiyA~" meM apabhraMzake ajJAta evaM aprakAzita granthoMke aMza uddhRta kara lagabhaga cAra sau apabhraMzake granthoMko prakAzita kara diyA hai / jina ajJAta va aprakAzita racanAoMko pustakameM sammilita nahIM kiyA gayA, unameMse kucha nAma haiM : 1. zItalanAthakathA ( zrI di0 jaina mandira, ghiyAmaMDI, mathurA ), 2. ravivAsarakathA -- madhu (zrI di0 1. "prAkRta sTaDIja AuTasAiDa iNDiyA (1920-69 ) " esa0 DI0 laddU, prosIDiMgsa oNva da seminAra ina prAkRta sTaDIja, pUnA yunivarsiTI, 1970, pR0 209 // 2. DaoN0 devendrakumAra zAstrI : apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhityakI zodha pravRttiyA~, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 1972 // - 495 -
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________________ jaina mandira, kAmA), 3. AdityavArakathA-arjuna (zrI di0 jaina paMcAyatI mandira, dillii)| inake atirikta IDara va nAgaurake bhaNDAroMmeM pAe jAnevAle kucha mahattvapUrNa apabhraMza racanAoMkI bhI jAnakArI milI hai| una sabako milAkara Aja apabhraMza-sAhityakI choTI-bar3I racanAoMko milAkara usakI saMkhyA pA~ca sau taka pahuMca gaI hai| zodha va anusandhAnakI dizAoMmeM Aja eka bahuta bar3A kSetra vidvAnoMkI rAha joha rahA hai / zodha kAryakI kamI nahIM hai, zramapUrvaka kArya karanevAle vidvAnoMkI kamI hai| vigata tIna dazakoMmeM jahA~ prAkRta vyAkaraNoMke kaI saMskaraNa prakAzita hue, vahIM ricarDa pizela, silvAlevI aura DaoN. kIthake antanirIkSaNake pariNAmasvarUpa saMskRta nATakoMmeM prAkRtakA mahattvapUrNa yoga prasthApita haa| Ara0 zmitane zaurasenI prAkRtake sambandhameM usake niyamoMkA (elImenTarabakha dera zaurasenI, hanovara, 1924), jArja griyarsanane paizAcI prAkRtakA, DaoN0 jekobI tathA oNlsaDorphane mahArASTrI tathA jaina mahArASTrIkA aura DablyU. I0 karkane mAgadhI aura arddhamAgadhIkA evaM e. banarjI aura zAstrIne mAgadhIkA (da evolyuzana oNva mAgadhI, AksaphorDa, 1922) vizeSa adhyayana prastuta kiyA thaa| bhASAvaijJAnika dRSTise nitti DolcIkA vidvattApUrNa kArya, 'lesa graimeriyansa prAkRtsa' (perisa, 1938) prAyaH sabhI bhASika aMgoM para prakAza DAlanevAlA hai| nitti DolcIne puruSottamake 'prAkRtAnuzAsana' (perisa, 1938) tathA rAmazarman tarkavAgIzake 'prAkRtakalpataru' (perisa, 1939) kA sundara saMskaraNa taiyAra kara phrAMsIsI anuvAda sahita prakAzita kraayaa| vyAkaraNakI dRSTise sabase mahattvapUrNa kArya ricarDa pizelakA 'graimeTika deara prAkRta-prAkhana' adbhuta mAnA jAtA hai, jisakA prakAzana 1900 I0 meM sTrAsavargase haa| . idhara bhASAvijJAnako kaI navIna pravRttiyoMkA janma tathA vikAsa huaa| pariNAmataH bhASAzAstrake vibhinna AyAmoMkA prakAzana huaa| unameM dhvavipijJAna, padavijJAna, vAkyavijJAna tathA zabdavyutpatti va zabdakozIya adhyayana pramakha kahe jAte haiN| dhvanivijJAna viSayaka adhyayana karanevAloMmeM 'miDila iNDo-Aryana' ke upasarga, pratyaya, dhyaniviSayaka paddhati tathA bhASika uccAroM AdikA vizleSaNa kiyA gyaa| isa prakAra ke adhyayana karanevAloMmeM pramukha rUpase Ara0 ela0 Tarnara, ela0 e0 svArsa cAilDa, jArja esa0 lena, ke0 Ara0 naoNrmanake nAma lie jA sakate haiM / ela0 oNlsaDorphake navya bhAratIya Arya-bhASAoMke udgama para bahuta acchA adhyayana kiyA jo rUparacanA viSayaka hai| luisa eca0 grene "Abjarvezansa Ana miDila iNDiyana mArkolaoNjI" (buleTina skUla oNva oriyanTala sTaDIja, landana, jilda 8, pR0 563-77, san 1935-37) meM saMskRta va vaidika saMskRtake rUpa-sAdazyoMko dhyAnameM rakhakara unakI samAnatA va kAryoMkA vizleSaNa kiyA hai| isa bhASAvaijJAnika zAkhA para kArya karanevAle ullekhanIya vidvAnoM va bhASAzAstriyoMke nAma hai-jyUla blaoNkha, eDajarTana, e0 svArsa cAilDa, ke0 Ara0 naoNrmana, esa0 ena0 ghoSAla, DaoN0 ke0 DevIsa : vAkya-vijJAnakI dRSTise adhyayana karanevAle vidvAnoMmeM mukhya rUpase DaoN0 oNlsaDorpha, DaoN0 ke0 DevrIsa, eca. hendrikasena, pisAnI Adike nAma ullekhanIya hai / isa adhyayanake pariNAmasvarUpa kaI tathya prakAzameM aae| eca0 hendrikasenane apane eka lekha "e sinTekTika rUla ina pAli eNDa arddhamAgadhI" meM kRdanta-rUpoMke prayogakI vRddhiMgata pA~ca avasthAoMkA udghATana kiyA hai| ke0 amRtarAva, DaoN0 ke0 DevIsa, DaoN. sunItikumAra caTarjI, kuipara Adine prAkRta para dravir3a tathA anya Aryetara bhASAoMke prabhAvakA adhyayana kiyaa| 1. prosIDiMgsa oNva da seminAra ina prAkRta sTaDIja, pUnA yunivarsiTI, 1970, pR0 223 / 2. vahI, pR0 23 / |
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________________ bhASAkozIya tathA vyutpattimUlaka adhyayanakI dRSTise Dablyu0 ena0 brAunakA adhyayana mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai jinhoMne saMskRta, prAkRta-mahArASTrI prAkRta aura apabhraMzake sambandhameM san 1932 meM kozIya TippaNiyA~ likhI thIM aura san 1935 I0 meM 'gaurIzaMkara ojhA smRtigrantha' meM 'sama leksikala maTeriyala ina jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta' nibandhameM vIradevagaNinke 'mahIpAlacarita' se zabdakozIya vivaraNa prastuta kiyA thaa| grene apane zodhapUrNa nibandhameM jo ki "phiphTIna prAkRta-iNDo-yuropiyana eTimolAjIja" zIrSakase jarnala oNva da amerikana oriyanTala sosAyaTI (60, 361-69) meM san 1940 meM prakAzita huA thaa| yaha pramANita karanekA prayatna kiyA thA ki prAkRtake kucha zabda bhAropIya parivArake videzI zabda haiM / kola, je0 lAkha, Ara0 ela0 Tarnara, gusteva raoNtha, kuipara, ke0 Ara0 naoNrmana, DaoN0 sunItikumAra caTarjI Adi jAnikoMne zabda-vyatpattikI daSTise paryApta anuzIlana kiyaa| vAkaranAgalane prAkRtake zabdoMkA vyutpattikI dRSTise acchA adhyayana kiyA / isI prakAra saMskRta para prAkRtakA prabhAva darzAnevAle nibandha bhI samaya-samaya para prakAzita hote rhe| unameMse gAigara smRti-granthameM prakAzita eca0 oraTelakA nibandha 'prAkRtisijma ina chAndogyopaniSad' (lipajiga, 1931) tathA e0 sI0 vUlanarake "prAkRtika eNDa nAna-Aryana sTreTA ina da vAkebularI oNva saMskRta" (AzutoSa memoriyala vAlyuma, paTanA, 1928), je. blaoNkhake kaI nibandha aura emenyuke nibandha :"da DAyalekTasa oNva iNDo-Aryana", "sama kliyara evIDensa oNva prAkRtisijma ina pANini" mahattvapUrNa kahe jA sakate haiN| inake atirikta prAkRta bhASAke uccAraNa Adike sambandhameM tathA dhvanyAtmaka adhyayanakI dRSTise DaoN0 griyarsana, svArksacAilDa tathA emenyu AdikA adhyayana-vizleSaNa Aja bhI mahattvapUrNa dizA-nirdeza karanevAlA hai| isa prakAra bhASA-vijJAnakI vibhinna zAkhAoM tathA unakI vividha pravRttiyoMke mUlagata svarUpa ke adhyayanakI dRSTise bhI madhyabhAratIya AryabhASAoM aura vizeSakara prAkRta-apabhraMza bhASAoMkA Aja bhI vizeSa adhyayana vizeSa rUpase upayogI evaM bhASA-bhASika saMsArameM kaI navIna tathyoMko prakaTa karanevAlA hai| isa dRSTise ina bhASAoMkA bahuta kama adhyayana huA hai| itanA avazya hai ki yaha dizA Aja bhI zodha va anusandhAnakI dRSTise samRddha tathA navIna AyAmoMko udghATita kara sakatI hai| yadi hamArI yuvA pIr3hI isa ora unmukha hokara vizeSa zrama tathA anuzIlana kare, to sAMskRtika adhyayanake navIna kSitijoMko pArakara svarNima vihAna lAyA jA sakatA hai| 1. prosIDiMgsa oNva da seminAra ina prAkRta sTaDIja, 1970, 19225-226 /