Prakrit Vibhinna Bhed aur Lakshan

Author(s): Subhash Kothari
Publisher: Z_Kesarimalji_Surana_Abhinandan_Granth_012044.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/211412/1

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prAkRta : vibhinna bheda aura lakSaNa zrI subhASa koThArI, dvArA : prAkRta va jaina vidyA vibhAga, udayapura vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura prAkRta bhASA kI gaNanA madhya bhAratIya Arya bhASA meM kI jAtI hai aura isakA vikAsa vaidika, saMskRta va chAndasa bhASA se mAnA jAtA hai| ata: prAkRta kI prakRti vaidika bhASA se milatI-julatI hai|' svara bhakti ke prayoga prAkRta va chAndasa donoM bhASA meM samAna rUpa se pAye jAte haiN| ataH yaha mAnanA ucita va tarkasaMgata mAlUma hotA hai ki chAndasa bhASA se prAkRta kI utpatti huI, jo usa samaya kI janabhASA rahI hogii| laukika saMskRta va saMskRta bhASA bhI chAndasa se vikasita huI hai / ata: vikAsa kI dRSTi se saMskRta va prAkRta donoM sahodarA hai| prAcIna bhArata kI mUla bhASA yA bolI kA kyA rUpa thA yaha to spaSTa nahIM hai para AryoM kI apanI eka bhASA thii| usa bhASA para anya jAtiyoM kA bhI prabhAva par3A, usase chAndasa bhASA vikasita huii| isa chAndasa bhASA ko vidvAnoM ne pada, vAkya, dhvani va artha ina cAroM aMgoM ko vizeSa anuzAsanoM meM Abaddha kara diyaa| phalata: chAndasa kA maulika vikasita rUpa prAkRta khlaayaa| sAhitya nibaddha prAkRta kA vikAsa madhya bhAratIya Arya bhASA se mAnA jAtA hai / buddha va mahAvIra ke bAda isakA eka nayA adhyAya prArambha huaa| ziSTatA ke ghere ko tor3akara itanI tejI se yaha Age bar3hI ki saMskRta bhI prabhAvita hue binA nahIM raha skii| saMskRta meM janaupayogI viSayoM kA vivecana prAkRta kA hI phala hai| ata: samaya va sImA kI dRSTi se prAkRta kA vikAsakAla madhyakAla mAnA jAtA hai| prAkRta zabda kI vyutpatti-prAkRta bhASA kA bodha karAne vAlA 'prAkRta' zabda prakRti se banA hai| isa prakRti zabda ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM bar3A matabheda hai / unakA yaha mata hai ki prakRti kI AdhArabhUta bhASA saMskRta hai aura isI saMskRta se prAkRta bhASA nikalI hai| hemacandra ne kahA hai ki "prakRtiH saMskRtam tatra bhavam tataM AgataM vA prAkRtama" arthAt prakRti saMskRta hai aura usase AyI huI bhASA prAkRta hai| isI artha kA samarthana mArkaNDeya dvArA bhI hotA hai / lakSmIdhara apanI SaDbhASAcandrikA meM likhate haiM-"prakRte saMskRtAyAstu vikRtiH prAkRtA matA" / dazarUpaka ke TIkAkAra dhanika ne prAkRta kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki "prAkRtaH AgataM prAkRtam / prakRtiH saMskRtam" yahI mata karpUramaMjarI ke TIkAkAra vAsudeva , vAgbhaTAlaMkAra ke TIkAkAra siMhadevagaNI, prAkRta zabda pradIpikA ke racayitA narasiMha kA bhI hai / nami sAdhu sAmAnya logoM meM vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM Adi se rahita sahaja vacana vyApAra ko prAkRta kA AdhAra mAnate haiM / ukta vyutpattiyoM kI vizeSa vyAkhyA karane para nimna phalitArthaM prastuta hote haiM (a) prAkRta bhASA kI utpatti saMskRta se nahIM huI kintu "prakRtiH saMskRtam" kA artha hai ki saMskRta bhASA ke dvArA prAkRta bhASA ko sIkhane kA yatna karanA / isI Azaya se hemacandra ne prAkRta ko saMskRta kI yoni kahA hai| -prAkRtasarvasva 6161 1. DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI, prAkRta bhASA va sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR08 2. prakRtiH saMskRtam tatra bhavaM prAkRtamucyate 3. pAia saddamahaNNavo, pR0 23 4. prAkRtasya tu sarvamate saMskRtayoniH 5. bhASA vijJAna, DaoN0 bholAnAtha tivArI pR0 173 -saMjIvanI TIkA, 121

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prAkRta : vibhinna bheda aura lakSaNa 473 ................................................................... ...... (ba) saMskRta va prAkRta ke bIca kisI prakAra kA utkRSTa va jaghanya bhAva nahIM hai| donoM kI utpatti chAndasa bhASA se huii| (sa) uccAraNa bheda se inameM halkA antara A jAtA hai parantu itanA bhI antara nahIM ki donoM viparIta lagane lge| prAkRta ke bheda 1.pAli hInayAna bauddhoM ke 'dharma granthoM' kI bhASA ko pAli kahate haiM / yaha bhI eka taraha kI prAkRta hai| pAli zabda ke viSaya meM kaI vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki pAli zabda 'paMkti' se banA hai jisakA artha hai zreNI, parantu anya vidvAnoM ke anusAra pAli zabda palli se banA hai aura palli eka prAkRta zabda hai| isakA ullekha prAcIna jaina grantha vipAka sUtra meM bhI AyA hai jisakA artha hotA hai grAma yA gA~va / ataH pAli zabda kA artha grAma meM bolI jAne vAlI bhASA se hotA hai| yahI kAraNa ki prasiddha vicAraka manISI gAyagara ne ise ArSa prAkRta kahA hai| pAli zabda kI vyutpatti ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM bar3A matabheda hai| isakA prAcInatama prayoga cauthI zatAbdI meM likhita grantha dIpavaMza laMkA meM huA thA / vahA~ isakA artha buddha vacana hai / bauddha loga ise mAgadhI kahate haiM, ataH isakA utpatti sthala magadha hai, parantu isakA mAgadhI se koI sambandha nahIM hai / DaoN0 kono ise paizAcI ke sadRzya mAnate haiN| unake mata meM paizAcI kA utpatti sthala viMdhyAcala kA dakSiNa pradeza hai / parantu pAli bhASA azoka ke gujarAta pradeza sthita giranAra ke zilAlekha ke anurUpa hone se kAraNa yaha magadha meM hI nahIM apitu bhAratavarSa ke pazcimI prAnta meM utpanna huI va vahA~ se siMhala pradeza meM lAyI gayI hogI aura yahI tarka vizeSa yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai| lakSaNa-(1) pAli meM za, Sa, va sa ke sthAna para kevala dantya sa hI prayukta hotA hai| 2-pAli meM ra evaM la donoM hI dhvaniyA~ vidyamAna haiN| 3-pUlliga va napusakaliMga ke kartA kAraka ekavacana meM e kI jagaha pAli meM o pratyaya jor3A jAtA hai| 4-R, R, la-e-o-za-Sa-visarga va aghoSa, ha jivhAmUlaka ina dasa dhvaniyoM kA lopa ho jAtA hai| 5-dhvani va rUpa donoM hI dRSTiyoM se pAli meM tatkAlIna kaI boliyoM ke tattva haiM, aisA jJAta hotA hai| 6-pAli meM tadbhava zabdoM kA prayoga hI adhika hai| isake bAda tatsama va dezya zabdoM kA hI prayoga hai| videzI zabdoM kI saMkhyA isameM kama haiN| 7-dvivacana kA prayoga nAma va dhAtu donoM rUpoM meM nahIM hai| 8-vyaMjanAnta pratipAdita bahuta kama raha rahe haiN| pAli kA vAGamaya-pAli meM sAmpradAyika grantha jaise tripiTaka, vinayapiTaka, sUtrapiTaka, abhidhammapiTaka, sAmpradAyiketara granthoM meM milindapAho, dIpavaMza ityAdi, chandazAstra meM kAtyAyana vyAkaraNa ityAdi to likhe gaye paranta saMskRta va anya bhASAoM kI taraha sarvAMgapUrNa grantha nahIM likhe gaye haiN| vartamAna pAli vAGmaya ko cAra bhAgoM meM bA~TA jA sakatA hai| (a) caurAsI hajAra dharmaskaMdhoM ke rUpa meM isakA prathama vargIkaraNa huA kintu prayoga meM nahIM hotA hai| (ba) dUsarA vargIkaraNa nava aMgoM meM kiyA jAtA hai (1) sutta (2) gepya (3) vedhyAkaraNa (4) gAthA (5) udAna (6) iti uttaka (7) jAtaka (8) abbhutadhamma (9) baidll| (sa) buddha ke sampUrNa upadezoM ko pA~ca nikAyoM meM bA~Ta diyA hai

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474 -+-+ * karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha paMcama khaNDa (1) dIghanikAya (2) majjhimanikAya, (3) saMyuttanikAya, (4) aMguttaranikAya, (5) khuddakanikAya | (da) pAli yA piTaka sAhitya yA anupAli va anupiTaka sAhitya- ye do sthUla vibhAga kiye gaye haiM / 2. paizAcI paizAcI eka bahuta prAcIna prAkRta hai| isakI gaNanA pAli ardhamAgadhI va zilAlekhoM kI prAkRtoM ke sAtha kI jAtI hai| kharoSThI zilAlekhoM va kuvalayamAlA meM paizAcI kI vizeSatAeM dekhane ko milatI hai| paizAcI kI prakRti zaurasenI hai| mArkaNDeya ne paizAcI bhASA ko kaikaya, zaurasena aura pAMcAla ina tIna bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai / DaoN0 sara jArja griyarsana ke anusAra paizAcI kA Adima sthAna uttara pazcima paMjAba va aphagAnistAna prAnta hai| paMjAba, sindha, bilocistAna, kAzmIra kI bhASAoM para isakA prabhAva Aja bhI lakSita hotA hai| isa samaya paizAcI bhASA kA udAharaNa 'prAkRta prakAza', AcArya hemacandra ke prAkRta vyAkaraNa, SaDbhASAcandrikA, prAkRta- sarvasva Adi prAkRta vyAkaraNoM meM tathA hemacandra ke kumArapAlacaritra va kAvyAnuzAsana meM evaM eka-do SaDbhASAcandrikA meM prApya haiM / prathama yuga kI paizAcI bhASA kA koI nidarzana sAhitya meM nahIM milatA hai / guNADhya kI bRhatkathA prathama zatAbdI kI racanA hai parantu vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai / Ajakala paizAcI ke jo udAharaNa milate haiM, vaha madhya yuga kI paizAcI bhASA ke haiN| madhya yuga kI yaha paizAcI bhASA khrista kI dvitIya zatAbdI se pAMcavIM zatAbdI paryanta pracalita thI / lakSaNa - (1) paizAcI zabdoM ke Adi meM na rahane para vargoM ke tRtIya va caturtha varNoM ke sthAna para usI varga ke kramazaH prathama va dvitIya varga ho jAte haiM jaise gakanaM gaganam ga ke sthAna para ka (2) jJa, nya va Nya ke sthAna para JJa hotA hai prajJA = paJjA, puNya = puJJa (3) Na va na donoM ke sthAna para 'na' hotA hai guNa = guna, kanaka = kanaka (4) ta va da ke sthAna para 'ta' hI hotA hai-- zatasata, madana patana, deva = teya (5) akArAnta zabda kI paMcamI kA ekavacana Ato va Adu hotA hai jaise- jinAtoM - jinAtu (6) bhaviSya kAla ke ssi ke badale emya hotA hai / (7) zaurasenI ke di va de pratyayoM kI jagaha ti va te hotA hai / jaise-- ramati, ramate 2. puliyA paizAcI cUlikA paizAcI, paizAcI kA eka bheda hai / isakA sambandha kAzagara se mAnA jAya to anucita nahIM hogA / usa pradeza ke samIpavartI cInI turkistAna meM mile hue paTTikA lekhoM meM aisI vizeSatAe~ pAyI jAtI haiM / isake lakSaNa AcArya hemacandra ne apane prAkRta vyAkaraNa va lakSmIdhara ne SaDbhASAcandrikA meM diye haiM / hemacandra ke kumArapAlacaritra va kAvyAnuzAsana meM isa bhASA ke nirdeza haiM / AcArya hemacandra ne apane 'abhidhAnacintAmaNi' nAmaka saMskRta koSa grantha meM paizAcI ke sAtha hI usakA ullekha kiyA hai / lakSaNa - (1) cUlikA paizAcI meM ra ke sthAna para vikalpa se la hotA hai| gaurI = golI, caraNa = calaNa, rAjA = lAjA / (2) isameM paizAcI ke samAna varga ke tRtIya va caturtha varNoM ke sthAna para prathama va dvitIya varNa hotA hai / nagaH = nako ga ke sthAna para ka jha ke sthAna para chava ra ke sthAna para la jhara= chalo ThakkA = ThakkA Tha kA Tha zabda 1. abhinava prAkRta vyAkaraNa, pR0 444

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... prAkRta : vibhinna bheda aura lakSaNa 475 . (3) cUlikA paizAcI meM Adi akSaroM meM ukta niyama lAgU nahIM hotA, jaisegati:= gatI ga kA ka nahIM huA dharma=dhammo dha ke sthAna para tha nahIM huA ghanaghano ___dha ke sthAna para kha nahIM huaa| 4. ardhamAgadho sAdhAraNataH arddhamAgadhI zabda kI vyutpatti 'arddha mAgadhyAH' arthAt jisakA ardhAMza mAgadhI kA ho, vaha bhASA arddhamAgadhI kahalAyegI, parantu jaina sUtra granthoM kI bhASA meM ukta yukti samyak prakAra se ghaTita nahIM hotI, tIrthakara yA bhagavAna mahAvIra ityAdi apanA dharmopadeza arddhamAgadhI meM dete the| aura yaha zAnti, Ananda ba sukhadAyI bhASA AryaanArya, dvipada, catuSpada, mRga, pazu-pakSI aura sarIsRpoM ke lie apanI bolI meM pariNata ho jAtI thii| ovavAiyasUtra se ukta kathana kI puSTi ho jAtI hai| isakA mUla utpati sthAna pazcima magadha va zUrasena (mathurA) kA madhyavartI pradeza hai / prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ayodhyA ke nivAsI the, ata: ayodhyA meM hI isa bhASA kI utpatti mAnI jAtI hai| pradeza kI dRSTi se aneka vicAraka ise kAzI-kauzala kI bhASA bhI mAnate haiN| sara A0 jI0 bhaNDArakara arddhamAgadhI kA utpatti samaya khitIya dvitIya zatAbdI mAnate haiM / inake matAnusAra koI bhI sAhityika prAkRta bhASA khrista kI prathama va dvitIya zatAbdI se pahale kI nahIM hai| isakA anusaraNa kara DaoN. sunItikumAra caTarjI ne apanI pustaka meM arddhamAgadhI kA samaya khristIya tRtIya zatAbdI sthira kara diyA hai| (a) hArnale ne samasta prAkRta boliyoM ko do bhAgoM meM bA~TA hai| eka varga ko zorasenI prAkRta va dUsare varga ko mAgadhI prAkRta kahA hai| (ba) griyarsana ke anusAra zanai:-zanaiH ye Apasa meM milIM aura inase tIsarI prAkRta utpanna huI, jise arddha mAgadhI kahA gayA hai| (sa) mArkaNDeya ne isa bhASA ke viSaya meM kahA hai "zaurasenyA airatvAdiya mevArdhamAgadhI arthAta zaurasenI ke nikaTa hone ke kAraNa mAgadhI hI arddhamAgadhI hai|" .. lakSaNa-(a) varNa sambandhI do svaroM ke madhya ke madhyavartI asaMyukta k ke sthAna meM sarvatra ga aura aneka sthaloM meM ta aura ya pAye jAte haiN| prakalpa =pagappa, AkAza = AgAsa, niSedhaka =Nisevaga (ba) do svaroM ke bIca kA asaMyukta ya prAyaH sthira rahatA hai va kahIM-kahIM ta aura ya bhI pAye jAte haiN| jaiseAgama-Agama / ga jyoM kA tyoM sthira hai / AgamaNaM Agamana; ga ko chor3a na kA Na huaa| (sa) do svaroM ke bIca Ane vAle asaMyukta ca aura ja ke sthAna para t aura ya hI hotA hai NArAtaPage #5
476 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : paMcama khaNDa (ra) daitya dhvaniyA~ mUrddhanya ho gayI hai jaise sthita = Thipa, kRtvA = kaTTu (la) arddhamAgadhI meM aise zabda pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha haiM jinakA prAya: mahArASTrI meM abhAva hai jaise aNuvIti, Aghaveta, Avakamma, kaNhui, porevacca vakka, viusa ityAdi / 5. jaina mahArASTrI arddhamAgadhI ke Agama granthoM ke atirikta cAritra kathA, darzana, tarka, jyotiSa, bhUgola Adi viSayaka prAkRta kA vizAla sAhitya hai / isa sAhitya kI bhASA ko vaiyAkaraNoM ne jaina mahArASTrI nAma diyA hai, isameM mahArASTrI ke bahuta lakSaNa pAye jAte haiM, phira bhI arddhamAgadhI kA bahuta kucha prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai| jaina mahArASTrI ke katipaya grantha prAcIna hai| yaha dvitIya stara ke prathama yuga ke prAkRtoM meM sthAna pA sakatI hai| pannA grantha, niyuktiyA~, paumacariu, upadezamAlA grantha prathama yuga kI jaina mahArASTrI ke udAharaNa haiM / Agama granthoM para race gaye bRhatkalpabhASya, vyavahArasUtrabhASya, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya evaM nizIMtha cUrNI meM isa bhASA kA prayoga huA hai, samarAiccakahA, kuvalayamAlA vasudeva hiNDI, paumacariu meM bhI isI bhASA kA prayoga hai / lakSaNa - arddhamAgadhI ke aneka lakSaNa isameM pAye jAte hai (1) ka ke sthAna para aneka sthAna para ga hotA hai / (2) lupta vyaMjanoM ke sthAna para yU hotA hai / (3) zabdoM ke Adi va madhya meM Na kI jagaha na arddhamAgadhI kI taraha hotA hai / (4) asa dhAtu kA sabhI kAla, vacana na puruSoM meM ardhamAgadhI ke samAna AsI rUpa pAyA jAtA hai / zeSa niyama mahArASTrI prAkRta ke samAna hI jaina mahArASTrI meM lAgU hote haiN| (6) zilAlekhI prAkRta zilAlekhI prAkRta ke prAcInatama rUpa azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM saMrakSita hai| ina zilAlekhoM kI do lipiyA~ hai-- brAhmI va kharoSThI / azoka ke zilAlekhoM kI saMkhyA lagabhaga 30 hai / azoka ne apane lekha zilAoM para likhavAye jo usa samaya kI prAdezika bhASAoM meM racita haiM, inako 3 bhAgoM meM bAMTa sakate haiM (a) paMjAba ke zilAlekha - isameM ra kA lopa nahIM dekhA jAtA / (ba) pUrva bhArata ke lekha - inameM mAgadhI ke sadRza ra kI jagaha sarvatra la hotA hai / (sa) pazcima bhArata ke zilAlekha - ye ujjaina kI usa bhASA se sambandhita haiM jinakA mela pAli bhASA se hai / inakA samaya khristapUrva 250 varSa kA hai / (7) zaurasenI prAkRta bhAratIya Arya bhASA se madhya yuga meM jo nAnA prAdezika bhASAeM vikasita huIM, unakA sAmAnya nAma prAkRta hai| vidvAnoM ne deza-bheda ke kAraNa mAgadhI va zaurasenI ko hI prAcIna mAnA hai| azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM donoM hI prAkRtoM ke ullekha hai| isa prakAra IsA pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI meM zaurasenI ke vartamAna rahane ke zilAlekhI pramANa upalabdha haiN| zaurasenI zUrasena ( brajamaNDala - mathurA) ke AsapAsa kI bolI thI aura isakA vikAsa vahA~ kI sthAnIya bolI se huA / madhya deza saMskRta kA kendra hone ke kAraNa zaurasenI usase bahuta prabhAvita hai, maurya kAla meM jaina saMgha ke pravAsa ke kAraNa isakA pracAra dakSiNI bhArata meM bhI huA / zaurasenI ke viSaya meM vidvAnoM kI mAnyatAe~ isa prakAra haiM :

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prAkRta : vibhinna bheda aura lakSaNa 477 (1) AcArya bharata' ke anusAra nATakoM kI bolacAla meM zaurasenI kA Azraya lenA caahie| (2) hemacandra ne ArSa prAkRta ke bAda zaurasenI kA hI ullekha kiyA hai bAda meM mAgadhI va paizAcI kA kiyA hai| (3) mArkaNDeya ne zaurasenI se hI prAcyA kA udbhava batAyA gayA hai| (4) pizela ke anusAra bolacAla kI jo bhASAe~ prayoga meM lAyI jAtI haiM, unameM zaurasenI kA prathama ullekha kiyA hai| isI taraha macchakaTika, mudrArAkSasa ke padya bhAga meM va karpUramaMjarI meM bhI zaurasenI ke ullekha hai jo prAcInatA para praryApta prakAza DAlate haiN| ____ azvaghoSa ke nATakoM meM jisa zaurasenI ke udAharaNa milate haiM vaha azoka ke samasAmayika kahI jAtI hai| bhAsa ke nATakoM kI zaurasenI kA samaya sambhavataH khrista kI prathama yA dvitIya zatAbdI mAnanA ucita pratIta hotA hai| lakSaNaH-(1) R dhvani zabdArambha meM Ane para usakA parivartana i, a, u meM ho jAtA hai jaise Rddhi= IDiha, kaTu=katvA, pRthivi puDhavi ityAdi / (2) zabda ke tIsare varNa kA prayoga hotA hai ta ke sthAna para da evaM tha ke sthAna para gha kA prayoga hotA hai jaise -~-cadi=ceti, vAgha=vAtha / (3) SaTakhaNDAgama meM kahIM-kahIM ta kA ya va yathAvata rUpa meM milate haiN| jaise-rahita=rahiye, akSAtIta= akkhAtIdo, vIyarAgavItarAga / (4) jaina zaurasenI meM arddha mAgadhI kI taraha ka kA ga hotA hai| jaise--vedaka-vedaga evaM svaka= sg| (5) zaurasenI meM madhyavartI ka, ga, ca, ja, ta, da, va, pa kA lopa vikalpa se ho jAtA hai jaise-gai=gati, sakalam =sayalaM, vacana:=vayaNe hi (6) rUpoM kI dRSTi se kucha bAtoM meM saMskRta kI ora jhukI huI hai, jo madhya deza meM rahane kA prabhAva hai, kintu sAtha hI mahArASTrI se bhI kAphI sAmya hai| (7) tvA pratyaya ke sthAna para iNa, iNa vattA hote haiM yathA paritvA =paDhia, paDhiiNa, paDhitA ityAdi / 8. mAgadhI mAgadhI ke sarvaprAcIna ullekha azoka sAmrAjya ke uttara va pUrva bhAgoM ke khAlasI, miraTa, barAbara, rAmagar3ha, jAgar3ha Adi-azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM pAye jAte haiN| isake bAda nATakIya prAkRta meM udAharaNa milate haiN| vararuci ke prAkRtaprakAza, caNDa ke prAkRtalakSaNa, hemacandra ke siddhahemacandra, kramadizvara ke saMkSiptasAra meM mAgadhI ke ullekha haiN| magadha deza hI mAgadhI kA utpatti sthAna hai, magadha kI sImA ke bAhara jo mAgadhI ke nirdezana pAye jAte haiM, usakA kAraNa yahI hai ki mAgadhI bhASA rAjabhASA hone ke kAraNa magadha ke bAhara isakA pracAra huA hai| azoka ke zilAlekhoM va azvaghoSa ke nATakoM kI bhASA prathama yuga kI mAgadhI bhASA ke nirdezana kI hai, paravartIkAla ke anya nATakoM va prAkRta vyAkaraNoM kI mAgadhI madhyayuga kI mAgadhI bhASA ke udAharaNa hai| (1) bharata ke nATyazAstra meM mAgadhI bhASA kA ullekha hai| 1. nATyazAstra, adhyAya 17 2. prAkRta sarvasva /

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478 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : paMcama khaNDa (2) mArkaNDeya dvArA apane prAkRtasarvasva meM antapura nivAsI suraMga khodane vAle, kalavAra, azvapAlaka, vipatti meM nAyaka ke atirikta bhikSu kSapaNaka Adi bhI isa bhASA kA prayoga karate haiM / lakSaNa: - (1) ra ke sthAna para sarvatra la hotA hai yathA nara = nala, kara = kala (2) Sa, za, va sa ke sthAna para sarvatra za tAlavya hI hotA hai / jaise-- puruSa puliza, sArasa = zAlaza ityAdi / (3) saMyukta Sa aura sa ke sthAna para dantya sakAra hotA hai jaise--- zuSkaH = zuska, kaSTa kasTa, skhalati = skhaladi ityAdi / = laskasa ityAdi / = (4) kSa kI jagaha ska hotA hai jaise-- rAkSasa (5) akArAnta pulliMga zabda prathamA ekavacana meM e hotA hai yathA - jina yiNe, puruSa pulize (6) asmat zabda ke ekavacana va bahuvacana kA rUpa ho jAtA hai / (7) isameM ra kA sarvatra la ho jAtA hai yathA- rAjA = lAjA (8) mAgadhI meM ja, pa, aura ya ke sthAna meM ya Adeza hotA hai| (a) janapada == jaNaveda ja ke sthAna para ya va pa ke sthAna para va huA hai / (ba) jAnAti =yANAdi ja ke sthAna para ya va Na ko ta huA hai / (E) mAgadhI meM prathama, caturthI, paMcamI, SaSThI vibhakti meM hI antara par3atA hai| 6. mahArASTrI prAkRta kAvya va gItoM kI bhASA kI mahArASTrI kahA jAtA hai| setubandha, gAthA saptazatI, kumArapAlacarita granthoM meM isa bhASA ke udAharaNa pAye jAte haiM / gAthAoM meM mahArASTrI prAkRta ne itanI prasiddhi prApta kI ki nATaka ke padyoM meM bhI mahArASTrI bole jAne kA rivAja sA bana gayA / yahI kAraNa thA ki kAlidAsa se lekara sabhI nATakoM meM isakA vyavahAra ho gayA / DaoN0 hArnale kA mata haiM ki mahArASTrI bhASA mahArASTra deza meM hI utpanna nahIM huI / ve mAnate haiM ki mahArASTrI kA artha vizAla rASTra kI bhASA se hai| isalie rAjapUtAnA va madhyapradeza isI ke antargata haiM, isIlie mahArASTrI ko mukhya prAkRta kahA gayA hai| griyarsana ke mata meM Adhunika marAThI kI janmadAyinI yahI bhASA hai / ataH yaha nissandeha kahI jA sakatI hai ki mahArASTrI kA utpatti sthAna mahArASTra hI hai / AcArya hemacandra ne apane vyAkaraNa meM mahArASTrI ko hI prAkRta hai| DaoN0 manamohana ghoSa ise zaurasenI ke bAda kI zAkhA mAnate haiN| vaiyAkaraNoM ne bhI sAdhAraNa rUpa se isakI prakRti saMskRti hI kahI hai / = mahArASTrI prAkRta sAhitya kI dRSTi se bahuta dhanI hai hAla kI gAthA satasaI, rAvaNavahI (pravarasena), jayavallabha kA vajjAlagga isakI amara kRtiyA~ haiM / zvetAmbara jainiyoM ke bhI isameM kucha grantha bhI likhe gaye haiM / isa para ardhamAgadhI kA bhI prabhAva hai / nAma diyA hai va isakI prakRti saMskRta kahI isI taraha yaNDa, lakSmIdhara, mArkaNDeya Adi = lakSaNa - ( 1 ) aneka jagaha bhinna svaroM ke sthAna meM bhinna-bhinna svara hote haiM yathA samRddhi sAmiddhi, ISata Isi hara hiir| = (2) isameM do svaroM ke bIca Ane vAle alpa prANa sparza (ka, ta, pa, ga, Dha, va, ityAdi) prAyaH lupta ho gaye haiM / jaise- prAkRta = pAua, gacchati gacchai (3) uSma dhvaniyA~ sa va za kA kevala ra raha jAtA hai jaise--tasya tAha, pASANa = pAhANa |

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prAkRta : vibhinna bheda aura lakSaNa 476 (4) ai kA prayoga mahArASTrI meM nahIM hotA / usakI jagaha sAmAnyata: ha evaM vizeSaNa ai hotA hai jaise zaila = saila, airAvaNa =erAbaNa, sainya-saiNNa, dainya-deiNNa / (5) kitane hI zabdoM ke prayogAnusAra pahale, dUsare va tIsare varNa para anusAra kA Agama hotA hai / azru asu, asu, traskama tasaM tasaM aadi| (6) Adi ke sthAna para ja hotaa| (7) aneka sthAnoM para ra kA la hotA hai| (8) Spa aura spa ke sthAna para pha Adeza hotA hai| (8) akArAnta pulliga ekavacana o pratyaya hotA hai, paMcamI se ekavacana meM to, o, u, hi aura vibhakticihna kA lopa bhI hotA hai va paMcanI bahuvacana meM hintoM va suntoM pratyaya jor3e jA sakate haiN| (10) bhaviSyatkAAla ke pratyayoM ke pahale hi hotA hai| (11) vartamAna, bhaviSya, bhUta va AjJArthaka pratyayoM ke sthAna meM jja aura jvA pratyaya bhI hote haiN| (12) ti va te pratyayoM meM ta kA lopa hotA hai| (13) bhAva karma meM ia aura ijja pratyaya hote haiN|