Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ HERS REA amita D mahAsatI zrI dharmazIlA, ema. e. [prAkRta bhASA kI viduSI cintanazIla sAdhvI mahAsatI ujjvalakumAro jI kI ziSyA] eyara prAkRtabhASA kA vyAkaraNaparivAra bhASA parijJAna ke lie vyAkaraNa jJAna kI atyanta AvazyakatA hai| prAkRta meM chanda, jyotiSa, dravya-parIkSA, dhAtu-parIkSA, bhUmi-parIkSA, ratna-parIkSA, nATaka, kAvya, mahAkAvya, saTTaka Adi vibhinna racanAyeM hotI rahI haiM / jaba kisI bhI bhASA ke vAGamaya kI vizAla rAzi saMcita ho jAtI hai to usakI vidhivata byavasthA ke lie vyAkaraNa grantha likhe jAte haiN| prAkRta janabhASA hone se prArambha meM isakA koI vyAkaraNa nahIM likhA gyaa| vartamAna meM prAkRta bhASA ke anuzAsana sambandhI jitane vyAkaraNa grantha upalabdha haiM, ve sabhI saMskRta bhASA meM likhe gaye haiM, prAkRta meM nahIM / kucha vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki-prAkRta bhASA kA vyAkaraNa prAkRta meM likhA huA avazya thA, parantu Aja vaha anupalabdha hai| ata: Aja prAkRta bhASA kA vyAkaraNa-parivAra jo upalabdha hai, usa para hama thor3A vicAra kreNge| vidvAnoM ne prAkRta vyAkaraNa kI do zAkhAyeM mAnI hai| eka pazcimI aura dUsarI pUrvI / prathama zAkhA ko vAlmIkI-paramparA aura dvitIya ko vararuci kI paramparA kahA jAtA hai| pazcimI paramparA kA pratinidhi trivikrama (I0 1300) kRta prAkRta vyAkaraNa hai| kahA jAtA hai ki-ise mahAkavi bAlmIki ne racA thA, parantu isa bAta kA koI prAmANika AdhAra nahIM hai| lakSmIdhara kI "SaDbhASA-candrikA" tathA siMharAja kA prAkRta-rUpAvatAra bhI isI zAkhA meM aMtarbhUta hote haiN| pUrvI zAkhA kA prathama vyAkaraNa vararuci kRta 'prAkRta-prakAza' hai| (1) prAkRta-prakAza-yaha vyAkaraNa zrI vararuci ne racA hai| yaha sarvaprathama prAkRta vyAkaraNa kahA jAtA hai| kucha vidvAna caNDa ke prAkRta-lakSaNa ko prathama mAnate haiM aura usakA anukaraNa vararuci ne kiyA hai, aisA kahate haiM / vararuci kA gotra kAtyAyana kahA gayA hai| DaoN0 pizala ne anumAna kiyA thA ki prasiddha vAtikakAra kAtyAyana aura vararuci donoM eka hI vyakti haiM, kintu isa kathana kI puSTi ke lie eka bhI sabala pramANa milatA nahIM hai| eka vararuci kAlidAsa ke samakAlIna bhI mAne jAte haiM jo vikramAditya ke navaratnoM meM se eka the "ratnAni vai vararucirnavavikramasya" /
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ prAkRta bhASA kA vyAkaraNaparivAra 47 dUsarI jagaha aisA bhI ullekha AtA hai ki pANinI sUtrakAraM ca bhASyakAraM pataJjalIm vAkyakAraM vrrucim'| isa prakAra vararuci ke bAre meM bhinna-bhinna mAnyatAe~ haiN| prAkRta-prakAza meM kula 506 sUtra haiN| bhAmaha-vRtti ke anusAra 487 aura candrikATIkA ke anusAra 506 sUtra upalabdha haiM / prAkRta-prakAza kI cAra prAcIna TIkAe~ bhI prApya haiM (1) manoramA-isa TIkA ke racayitA bhAmaha haiN| isakA kAla sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdI hai| (2) prAkRtamaJjarI-isa TIkA ke racayitA kAtyAyana nAma ke vidvAn haiN| inakA kAla chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI hai| (3) prAkRtasaMjIvanI--yaha TIkA vasantarAja ne likhI hai| isakA kAla 14-15 zatAbdI hai| (4) subodhinI--yaha TIkA sadAnanda ne likhI hai| navama pariccheda ke navama sUtra kI samApti ke sAtha samApta haI hai| nArAyaNa vidyAvinoda-kRta 'prAkRtapAda' ityAdi TIkAyeM haiM / kaMsavaho tathA usANiruddha ke racayitA malAvAra nivAsI rAmapANivAda ne bhI isa para TIkA likhI hai| isa TIkA meM gAthA saptasatI, karpUramaMjarI, setubandha aura kaMsavaho Adi se uddharaNa prastuta kiye gaye haiN| prAkRta-prakAza meM bAraha pariccheda haiN| prathama pariccheda meM svara-vikAra aura svara-parivartana ke niyamoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| viziSTaviziSTa zabdoM meM svara-sambandhI jo vikAra utpanna hote haiM, unakA 44 sUtroM meM vivecana kiyA hai| dUsare pariccheda meM 47 sUtra haiN| isakA Arambha madhyavartI vyaMjanoM ke lopa se hotA hai| madhya meM Ane vAle ka, ga, ca, ja, ta, da, pa, ya aura va ke lopa kA vidhAna hai| tIsare sUtra ke vizeSa-vizeSa zabdoM ke asaMyukta vyaMjanoM ke lopa evaM unake sthAna para vizeSa vyaMjanoM ke Adeza kA niyamana kiyA gayA hai| tIsare pariccheda meM 66 sUtra haiN| isameM saMyukta vyaMjanoM ke lopa, vikAra evaM parivartanoM kA nirUpaNa hai| sabhI sUtra viziSTa-viziSTa zabdoM meM saMyukta vyaMjanoM ke parivartana kA nirdeza karate haiN| cauthe pariccheda meM 33 sUtra haiN| isameM saMkIrNa vidhi-nizcita zabdoM ke anuzAsana vaNita haiN| isa pariccheda meM anakArI, vikArI aura dezaja ina tInoM prakAra ke zabdoM kA anuzAsana AyA hai| pA~caveM pariccheda meM 47 sUtra haiN| isameM liMga aura vibhakti kA Adeza vaNita hai| chaThe pariccheda meM 64 sUtra haiN| isameM sarvanAma vidhi kA nirUpaNa hai| yAnI sarvanAma zabdoM ke rUpa evaM unake vibhakti, pratyaya nidiSTa kiye gaye haiN| sAtaveM pariccheda meM 34 sUtra haiN| isameM tiGanta vidhi hai| dhAturUpoM kA anuzAsana saMkSepa meM likhA gayA hai| aSTama pariccheda meM 71 sUtra haiN| isameM dhAtvAdeza hai| saMskRta kI kisa dhAtu ke sthAna para prAkRta ama-44MARATranAmAADODADAM SNNIcAyatra iy sAcArya DIS aAA anAva -14 ML movieirvanAmAVE 27 M arrowarraimammnamas
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Apa abhinaMdana AsAna amana zrI Ananda grantha 97 ERICARE phra 48 prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya meM kauna-sI dhAtu kA Adeza hotA hai, isakA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| yaha prakaraNa bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai / navama pariccheda meM 18 sUtra haiM / yaha pariccheda nipAta kA hai / isameM avyayoM ke artha aura prayoga diye gaye haiM / dasaveM pariccheda meM 14 sUtra / isameM paizAcI bhASA kA anuzAsana hai / gyArahaveM pariccheda meM 17 sUtra haiM / isameM mAgadhI prAkRta kA anuzAsana hai / bArahaveM pariccheda meM 32 sUtra haiM / isameM zaurasenI bhASA ke niyama diye haiM / prArambha ke zaurasenI kA hai / pariccheda mAhArASTrI ke haiM, 10vA~ paizAcI kA hai, 11vAM mAgadhI kA aura 12vA~ kucha itihAsakAroM kA mata hai ki antima tIna pariccheda bhAmaha athavA kisI anya TIkAkAra ne likhe haiM / prAkRtasaMjIvanI aura prAkRtamaMjarI meM kevala mahArASTrI kA hI varNana hai / sambhava hai ye tIna pariccheda hemacandra ke pUrva hI sammilita kara lie gaye hoMge / vararuci kA prAkRtaprakAza bhASAjJAna kI dRSTi se bahuta hI dhvaniyoM meM kisa prakAra ke dhvani parivartana hone se prAkRta bhASA ke isameM vistRta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| prAkRta adhyayana ke lie yaha grantha atyanta upayogI hai / vararuci kA samaya lagabhaga chaThI zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai / mAnA jAtA hai / isase spaSTa hai ki vararuci ke prAkRtaprakAza se pUrva mahattvapUrNa hai / saMskRta bhASA kI zabda rUpa banate haiM, isa viSaya para caNDa kA samaya tIsarI, cauthI zatAbdI caNDa kA prAkRtalakSaNa hogA / (2) prAkRtalakSaNa - yaha racanA caNDa kRta hai / kucha vidvAn vararuci ke prAkRta prakAza ko prathama mAnate haiM aura kucha vidvAn caNDa ke prAkRtalakSaNa ko prathama mAnate haiM / parantu hogaa| DaoN0 vizala jaise aneka vidvAna prAkRta lakSaNa ko pANinIkRta kahate haiM / upalabdha na hone se nizcita kucha nahIM kaha sakate / prAkRtalakSaNa yaha saMkSipta racanA hai / isameM sAmAnya prAkRta kA jo anuzAsana hai, vaha prAkRta azoka kI dharmapi jaisI prAcIna bhASA pratIta hotI hai / vararuci ke prAkRtaprakAza kI prAkRta usake pazcAt kI pratIta hotI hai / vIra bhagavAna ko namaskAra karake caNDa ne isa vyAkaraNa kI racanA kI hai| isa vyAkaraNa ke adhyayana se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki usa samaya prAkRta meM Aja kI bhA~ti aneka bheda nahIM the / DaoN0 hArnala ne I0 sa0 1880 meM kalakattA meM kalakattA se aneka prAcIna pratiyoM kI tulanA karake isakI prati chapAI thI / usase aneka bAtoM kI jAnakArI prApta kI jA sakatI hai, parantu Aja vaha bhI anupalabdha hai / isa vyAkaraNa meM caNDa ne batAyA hai ki madhyavartI alpaprANa vyaMjanoM kA lopa nahIM hotA hai, ve vartamAna rahate haiM / isa grantha meM kula 66 yA 103 sUtra haiM / ve cAra pAdoM meM vibhakta haiM / Arambha meM prAkRta zabdoM ke sambhava hai kI yahI prathama parantu Ajakala yaha grantha
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ prAkRta bhASA kA vyAkaraNa parivAra 46 tIna rUpa---tadbhava, tatsama aura dezaja batalAye haiN| tInoM liMga aura vibhaktiyoM kA vidhAna saMskRta ke samAna hI pAyA jAtA hai / prathama pAda ke 5veM sUtra se antima 35veM sUtra taka saMjJAoM aura sarvanAmoM ke vibhakti rUpoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| dvitIya pAda ke 26 sUtroM meM svara-parivartana, zabdAdeza aura avyaya kA kathana kiyA gayA hai / tRtIya pAda ke 35 sUtroM meM vyaMjana-parivartana ke niyama diye gaye haiN| caturtha pAda meM kevala cAra sUtra hI haiN| inameM apabhraza kA lakSaNa, adhorepha kA lopa na honA, paizAcI kI pravRttiyA~, mAgadhI kI pravRttiyA~, ra aura sa ke sthAna para la aura z kA Adeza, zaurasenI meM ta ke sthAna para vikalpa ke da kA Adeza kiyA gayA hai| (3) prAkRtavyAkaraNa-"siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana' nAma kA AcArya zrI hemacandra racita vyAkaraNa hai / yaha vyAkaraNa siddharAja ko arpita kiyA hai aura hemacandra dvArA racita hai, isalie ise "siddhahema vyAkaraNa" nAma diyA gayA hai / isa vyAkaraNa meM sAta adhyAya saMskRta zabdAnuzAsana para aura AThaveM adhyAya meM prAkRta bhASA kA anuzAsana likhA gayA hai / AcArya hemacandra kA yaha prAkRta vyAkaraNa upalabdha samasta prAkRta vyAkaraNoM meM sabase adhika pariSkRta, suvyavasthita aura paripUrNa hai| siddhahemavyAkaraNa kA samaya 1088-1172 IsvI kA mAnA jAtA hai| isakA sampAdana 1628 meM pI0 ela0 vaidya ne kiyA hai| dUsare aneka vidvAnoM ne bhI isakA sampAdana kiyA hai| isa vyAkaraNa meM prAkRta kI chaH upa-bhASAoM para vicAra kiyA hai---(1) mahArASTrI, (2) zaurasenI, (3) mAgadhI, (4) paizAcI, 5) calikA, paizAcI aura (6) apabhraMza / apabhraMza bhASA kA niyamana 116 sUtroM meM svatantra rUpa se kiyA hai| pazcimI pradeza ke prAkRta ke vidvAnoM meM AcArya hemacandra kA nAma sarvaprathama hai| jisa prakAra vararuci ke vyAkaraNa kI bhASA zuddha mahArASTrI mAnI jAtI hai, usI prakAra jaina AgamoM ke prabhAva ke kAraNa hemacandra kI prAkRta ko jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta kahA jAtA hai| hemacandra ne svayaM hI bRhata aura laghu vattiyoM meM apane vyAkaraNa kI TIkA prastuta kI hai| laghu-vRtti "prakAzikA" ke nAma se milatI hai / udayasobhAgya gaNin dvArA "prakAzikA' para kI gaI eka TIkA "hemaprAkRtavRtti duNDhikA" athavA "vyutpattivAda" nAma se milatI hai| jise kucha vidvAn "prAkRta prakriyA vatti' bhI kahate haiM / hemacandra ke AThaveM pariccheda para narendracandrasUri racita "prAkRta prabodha TokA" upalabdha hotI hai| isa vyAkaraNa meM kahIM-kahIM kazcit, kecit, anye ityAdi prayoga se mAlUma par3atA hai kihemacandra ne apane se pUrva ke vyAkaraNakAroM se bhI sAmagrI lI hogii| hemacandra kI zailI caNDa aura vararuci se jyAdA pariSkRta hai| hemacandra ne prAcIna paramparA ko svIkAra karake aneka naye anuzAsana upasthita kiye haiN| 9422 IMAGE IPiu UPS onsuaariARAAAAA AcAryapravabhiAcAryapravaAbhAra zrIAnandama grantha zrIAnanda anya NAVANT.vMcMw.instrumentrum.ww-momix
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ aAyAmaprakAra Ananda bhAcAryapravI zrIAnanda anya - - Mom MAmarwarsery wwwmove wmvM prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya 6 isa vyAkaraNa meM cAra pAda haiM / prathama pAda meM 271 sUtra haiN| isameM sandhi, vyaMjanAnta zabda, anusvAra, liMga, visarga, svara-vyatyaya aura vyaMjana-vyatyaya kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya pAda ke 218 sUtra haiN| isameM saMyukta vyaMjanoM ke parivartana, samIkaraNa, svarabhakti, varNaviparyaya, zabdAdeza, taddhita, nipAta aura avyayoM kA nirUpaNa hai / tRtIya pAda meM 182 sUtra hai| isameM kAraka, vibhaktiyA~ tathA kriyA racanA sambandhI niyamoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| cauthe pAda meM 448 sUtra haiN| Arambha ke 246 sUtroM meM dhAtvAdeza aura Age kramazaH zaurasenI ityAdi chaha bhASAoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / AcArya zrI hemacandra ke mata se prAkRta zabda tIna prakAra ke haiM-tatsama, tadbhava aura dezaja; isameM se tadbhava zabdoM kA anuzAsana isa vyAkaraNa meM kiyA gayA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne 'ArSama" 8/1/3 sUtra meM ArSa prAkRta kA nAmollekha kiyA hai aura batalAyA hai ki- "ArSa prAkRtaM bahulaM bhavati, tadapi yathAsthAnaM darzayiSyAmaH / ArSe hi sarve vidhayo vikalpayante" arthAta adhika prAcIna prAkRta ArSa-Agamika prAkRta hai| isameM prAkRta ke niyama vikalpa se pravRtta hote haiN| hemacandra ne viSaya-vistAra meM bar3I paTatA batAI hai| AcArya hemacandra ne saMskRta zabdoM ke prAkRta meM jo Adeza kiye haiM, ve bhASAvijJAna se mela nahIM khAte / udAharaNa svarUpa "gama" dhAtu kA hiNDa yA bhamma' nahIM bana sktaa| hemacandra ne kevala artha kA dhyAna rakhA hai| bhASAvijJAna kI dRSTi se adhyayana karane ke lie ucita hogA ki mUla dhAtuoM kI khoja ye / pANini ke dhAta pATha meM "hiNDigato" svatantra dhAta hai| jisake rUpa "hiNDati" ityAdi banate haiN| isI prakAra "bhrama" dhAtu bhI svatantra hai| yadi isa prakAra bhI sadRzya dhAtuoM kA dhyAna rakhA jAye to adhyayana adhika vaijJAnika ho skegaa| (4) saMkSiptasAra-zrI kramadIzvara kA yaha vyAkaraNa saMskRta, prAkata ina donoM bhASA para likhA hai aura siddhahema vyAkaraNa kI taraha isameM bhI veM adhyAya meM prAkRta vyAkaraNa kA vicAra kiyA hai / use "prAkRtapAda" kI saMjJA dI hai| isa grantha meM prAkRta ke vyAkaraNa ke chaha vibhAga kiye haiM (1) svarakArya, (2) halakArya, (3) subantakArya, (4) tiGantakArya, (5) apabhraMgakArya aura (6) chanda kArya / kramadIzvara ne apane saMkSiptasAra vyAkaraNa para eka choTI-sI TIkA bhI likhI hai / isa para aura tIna TIkA haiM, jo prakAzita nahIM huI haiM (1) jamaranandin kI rasavatI, (2) caNDideva zarmana kI prAkRtadIpikA, (3) vidyA vinodAcArya kI prAkRtapAda TIkA /
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ prAkRta bhASA kA vyAkaraNa parivAra 51 24 kA (B mA ) . kramadIzvara ne vararuci kA hI anukaraNa kiyA hai| inakA kAla hemacandra aura bodhadeva ke bIca 12vIM 13vIM zatAbdI hai| (5) prAkRtavyAkaraNa--yaha vyAkaraNa trivikramadeva ne racA hai| jisa prakAra AcArya hemacandra ne sarvAGa pUrNa prAkRta vyAkaraNa likhA hai, usI prakAra trivikramadeva kA yaha sarvAGa pUrNa vyAkaraNa hai| inakI svopajJavatti aura sUtra donoM hI upalabdha haiN| isa vyAkaraNa meM tIna adhyAya haiM / pratyeka adhyAya meM 4-4 pAda haiN| isa prakAra kula 12 pAdoM meM yaha vyAkaraNa pUrNa huA hai| isameM kula 1036 sUtra haiN| zrI trivikramadeva ne hemacandra ke sUtroM meM hI kucha phera-phAra karake apane sUtroM kI racanA kI hai| viSayAnukrama hemacandra kA hI hai| isa vyAkaraNa meM dezI zabdoM ke vargIkaraNa se hemacandra kI apekSA navInatA dikhatI hai| yadyapi apabhraMza ke udAharaNa hemacandra ke hI haiM, parantu saMskRta chAyA dekara inhoMne apabhraMza ke dohoM ko samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| zrI trivikramadeva ne anekArthaka zabda bhI diye haiN| ina zabdoM ke dekhane se tatkAlIna bhASAoM kA jJAna to hotA hI hai, para sAtha-sAtha aneka sAMskRtika bAtoM kI bhI jAnakArI milatI hai| isa prakAra hemacandrAcArya ke vyAkaraNa kI apekSA isa vyAkaraNa meM aneka vizeSatAe~ haiN| isameM zaurasenI, mAgadhI, paizAcI, cUlikA-paizAcI ityAdi bhASAoM ke niyama bhI milate haiN| isameM zrI trivikramadeva ne maMgalAcaraNa meM vIra bhagavAna ko namaskAra kiyA hai| aitihAsika vidvAna trivikramadeva ko digambara jaina mAnate haiN|| inake vyAkaraNa ke sambandha meM do mata pracalita haiN| kucha to kahata haiM ki sUtra aura vRtti donoM hI trivikramadeva ke haiM, kucha vidvAna sUtroM ko bAlmIkikRta aura vRtti trivikramakRta mAnate haiN| sUtroM kI racanA pANinIya ke aSTAdhyAyI kI kAzikA vRtti ke anusAra huI hai| inakA samaya 12-15 zatAbdI ke bIca kA hai, kyoMki hemacandra ke grantha kA trivikramadeva ne apane grantha meM ullekha kiyA hai aura trivikramadeva ke grantha kA kumArasvAmI (solahavIM zatAbdI) ne apane grantha ratnAyaNa meM ullekha kiyA hai| ina pramANoM se trivikrama kA samaya hemacandra aura kumArasvAmI ke bIca kA hI sambhava hai| pazcimI sampradAya ke prAkRta vaiyAkaraNoM meM trivikrama pramukha haiN| (6) prAkRtarUpAvatAra-zrI siMharAja kRta prAkRtarUpAvatAra trivikramadeva ke sUtroM ko hI laghusiddhAnta-kaumudI kI paddhati ke rUpa meM likhA hai| isameM saMkSepa meM sandhi, zabdarUpa, dhAturUpa, samAsa, taddhita Adi kA vicAra kiyA hai| isameM chaha bhAga haiM / zaurasenI, mAgadhI, paizAcI, cUlikA-paizAcI aura apabhraMza ina bhASAoM kA vivecana hai| saMjJA aura kriyA pada ke jJAna ke lie yaha vyAkaraNa bahuta hI upayogI hai| siMharAja kI tulanA varadAcArya ke sAtha kara sakate haiN| siMharAja ko kucha vidvAna siddharAja bhI kahate haiN| siMharAja ne lakSmIdhara kI bhAMti hI sUtroM para PAARDarua maABARJANORADABADASANABAJANAwaminate. MAGAMANApriandaindaNASAJANASAJANAawanAGAIAAAJA ApApravabhizApAyapravara Abha zrIAnandajanyazrAAnandagrantha MARAamirwainme www.jainalibrary.org
Page #7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AcArya prava Ao kA avizada vAmana AnaMdana zrI R 30 52 prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya vRtti kI racanA kI hai / isa vRtti kA hI nAma prAkRtarUpAvatAra rakhA hai / isameM sUtroM kA krama SaD-bhASAcandrikA ke samAna hI rakhA gayA hai / yaha grantha san 1906 meM i0 halze (E-Hultzsca ) ne eziyATika sosAiTI kalakattA kI tarapha se prakAzita kiyA thA / inakA kAla 1300 - 1400 I0 sa0 mAnA jAtA hai / tulanA kI dRSTi se isameM pratyeka sUtra ke sAmane AcArya hemacandra ke sUtra bhI diye gaye hai / yuSmad, asmad Adi zabdoM ke rUpa dUsare vyAkaraNoM kI apekSA se isameM adhika vistRta haiM / kahIM-kahIM rUpoM meM kRtrimatA bhI spaSTa dikhatI hai / isa vyAkaraNa kA nirmANa karate samaya siMharAja ne isa bAta kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA hai ki koI bhI Avazyaka niyama chUTa na jAye | isalie unhoMne Avazyaka sUtroM ko hI liyA hai, zeSa kucha sUtroM ko chor3a diyA hai / (7) prAkRtakalpataru zrI rAmazarmA tarkavAgIza ne prAkRtakalpataru kI racanA puruSottama ke prAkRtanuzAsana ke anusAra kI hai / ye baMgAla ke nivAsI the / inakA samaya IsA kI 17vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai / prAkRtakalpataru para svayaM lekhaka kI eka svopajJa TIkA bhI hai / isa vyAkaraNa meM tIna zAkhAe~ haiM / pahalI zAkhA meM dasa stabaka haiN| jinameM mAhArASTrI ke niyamoM kA vivecana hai / dUsarI zAkhA meM tIna stabaka haiM - jinameM zaurasenI, prAcyA, avanto, vAnIkI, mAgadhI, ardhamAgadhI aura dAkSiNa tyA kA vivecana hai / vibhASAoM meM zAkAri, cANDAlikA, zAvarI, abhIrikA aura TakkI kA vivecana hai / tIsarI zAkhA meM nAgara, apabhraMza, brAcaDa tathA paizAcikA kA vivecana hai / kaikaya, zaurasenI, pAMcAla, goDa, mAgadha aura brAcaDa paizAcikA bhI isameM varNana hai / (8) prAkRtasarvasva - zrI mArkaNDeya kavIndra kA 'prAkRta sarvasva' eka mahattvapUrNa vyAkaraNa hai / isakA racanAkAla 15vIM zatAbdI hai / mArkaNDeya ne prAkRta bhASA ke bhASA, vibhASA, apabhraMza aura paizAcI ye cAra bheda kiye haiM / bhASA ke mAhArASTrI, zaurasenI, prAcyA, avantI aura mAgadhI bheda haiM / vibhASA ke zakArI, cANDAlI, zavarI, abhIrI aura DhakkI yaha bheda haiM / apabhraMza ke nAgara, brAcaDa aura upanAgara tathA paizAcI ke kaikayI, zaurasenI aura pAMcAlI ityAdi bheda kiye haiM / mArkaNDeya ne Arambha ke ATha pAdoM meM mahArASTrI prAkRta ke niyama batalAye haiM / ina niyamoM kA AdhAra prAya: vararuci kA prAkRtaprakAza hI hai / haveM pAda meM zaurasenI ke niyama diye gaye haiM / 10 veM pAda meM prAcyA bhASA kA niyamana kiyA gayA hai / 11 veM pAda meM avantI aura vAha nIkI kA varNana hai / 12veM pAda meM mAgadhI ke niyama batalAye gaye haiM / inameM ardhamAgadhI kA bhI ullekha hai / AcArya zrI hemacandra ne jisa prakAra pazcimIya prAkRta bhASA kA anuzAsana racA hai, usa prakAra zrI mArkaNDeya ne pUrvIya prAkRta kA niyamana batalAyA hai / mArkaNDeya ne apane vyAkaraNa kI racanA AryA - chanda meM kI hai / usa para unakI svopajJa TIkA hai /
Page #8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ prAkRta bhASA kA vyAkaraNa parivAra 53 cA zrI mArkaNDeya kavIndra ne grantha ke prArambha meM hI vararuci, zAkalya, bharata, kohala, bhAmaha aura vasantarAja ityAdi kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| bhASA ke 16 bheda batAye haiN| bhASA, vibhASA ke jJAna ke lie yaha vyAkaraNa atyanta upayogI hai| (8) SaDbhASAcandrikA-zrI lakSmIdhara ne SaDbhASAcandrikA meM prAkRta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai| isameM prAkRta, zaurasenI, mAgadhI, paizAcI, apabhraMza ityAdi chaha bhASAoM para vistArapUrvaka vivecana kiyA hai, isalie isa grantha kA nAma SaDbhASAcandrikA hai| isa vyAkaraNa kI tulanA bhaTTojidIkSita kI siddhAntakaumudI ke sAtha kara sakate haiN| yAne siddhAntakaumudI kA krama isameM hai / udAharaNa setubandha, gauDavaho, gAhAsattasaI, kappUramaMjarI Adi granthoM se diye gaye haiM / lakSmIdhara ne likhA hai "vRtti traivikramIgUDhAM vyAcikhyAsanti ye budhAH / / SaDbhASAcandrikA taistad vyAkhyArUpA vilokyatAm // " yAne jo vidvAna trivikrama kI gUr3havatti ko samajhanA aura samajhAnA cAhate haiM, ve usakI vyAkhyArUpa SaDbhASAcandrikA ko dekheN| prAkRta bhASA kI jAnakArI prApta karane ke lie SaDbhASAcandrikA adhika upayogI hai| isa vyAkaraNa meM zabdoM ke rUpa tathA dhAtuoM ke rUpa pUrNa vistRta rUpa se likhe gaye haiN| isameM dezI zabdoM kA bhI samAveza kiyA gayA hai / lakSmIdhara kA samaya trivikramadeva ke bAda kA mAnA jAtA hai| kyoMki SaDbhASAcandrikA meM lakSmIdhara ne trivikrama kA ullekha kiyA hai| trivikramadeva, lakSmIdhara aura siMhadhara ina tInoM ne sUtroM kI saMkalanA eka samAna hI kI hai| lakSmIdhara ke prArambha ke zloka se lagatA hai ki-unakI TIkA trivikrama kI vRtti para AdhArita hai, usa TIkA para kI yaha TIkA hai aisA lagatA hai| ina mukhya vyAkaraNoM ke atirikta anya aneka prAkRta vyAkaraNa haiM, jinakI nAmAvalI nIce dI jA rahI hai| vistAra bhaya se inakA vistRta vivaraNa yahA~ nahIM diyA hai| (10) prAkRtakAmadhenu--laMkezvara--isa vyAkaraNa meM 34 sUtra haiN| isameM prAkRta ke mUla niyamoM kA vivecana hai| (11) prAkRtAnuzAsana-puruSottama; isa vyAkaraNa meM aneka bhASA-vibhASAoM kA varNana hai / (12) prAkRtamaNidIpa-appayadIkSita; isameM prAkRta ke sabhI upayogI niyamoM kA vivecana milatA hai| (13) prAkRtAnanda--raghunAtha kavi; isameM 416 sUtra haiN| vararuci ke prAkRtaprakAza ke samAna hI yaha vyAkaraNa hai| (14) prAkRtavyAkaraNa---zrI ratanacandra jI ma0 / (15) prAkRtavyAkaraNa- samantabhadra / RETANTERNMENT PIRA ma wwmai n ESGHANE azA ani AmA zrIAnanda zrIAnanda MARArmation www.jain Stibrary.org
Page #9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mandaramate-Crgadaa.. . ....... . ... .... -ARANASALARBADA una SVIH zrAAnanda zrIAnanda anya 54 prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya (16) prAkRtabodha-naracandra / (17) prAkRtacandrikA-kRSNapaMDita (zeSakRSNa) (18) prAkRtacandrikA-vAmanAcArya / (16) prAkRtadIpikA-caNDivara shrmaa| (20) prAkRtAnanda - raghunAtha zarmA / (21) prAkRta pradIpikA-narasiMha / (22) prAkRtamaNidIpikA-cinnavomma bhUpAla / (23) prAkRtamaNidIpa-appayajvan / (24) SaDbhASArUpamAlikA-durguNAcArya / (25) SaDbhASAcandrikA-bhAmakavi / (26) SaDabhASAsubaMtAdarza-zrI nAgobA / (27) SaDbhASAvAtika.............. (28) SaDbhASAmaMjarI............. (26) prAkRtavyAkaraNa- zubhacandra / (30) prAkRta-mArgopadezikA-paM0 becaradAsa jI / (31) audArya cintAmaNi-zrI zrutasAgara / (32) prAkRtavyAkaraNa- zrI bhoja / B6M 1STAN JALAND U UPL