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________________ prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa : vartamAna RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana nidezaka, pArzvanAtha vivAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI ___ zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAeM yaha svIkAra karatI haiM ki praznavyAkaraNa sUtra (paNhavAgaraNa) jaina aMga-Agama sAhitya kA dasavAM aMga-grantha hai; kintu digambara paramparA ke anusAra aMga-Agama sAhitya ke viccheda (lupta) ho jAne ke kAraNa vartamAna se yaha grantha upalabdha nahIM hai| zvetAmbara paramparA aMga sAhitya kA viccheda nahIM mAnatI hai| ataH usake upalabdha AgamoM meM praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka grantha Aja bhI pAyA jAtA hai| kintu samasyA yaha hai ki kyA isa paramparA ke vartamAna prazna vyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu vahI hai, jisakA nirdeza Agama granthoM meM hai athavA vaha parivartita ho cukI hai| praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu sambandhI prAcIna nirdeza zvetAmbara paramparA ke sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, anuyogadvAra evaM nandIsUtra meM aura digambara paramparA ke rAjavAtika, dhavalA evaM jayadhavalA nAmaka TIkA granthoM meM upalabdha hai| praznavyAkaraNa nAma kyoM ? 'praznavyAkaraNa' nAma ko lekara prAcIna TIkAkAroM evaM vidvAnoM meM yaha dhAraNA bana gayI thI ki jisa grantha meM praznoM ke samAdhAna kiye gaye hoM, vaha praznavyAkaraNa hai| mero dRSTi meM praznavyAkaraNa ke prAcIna saMskaraNa kI viSayavastu praznottarazailI meM nahIM thI aura na vaha prazna-vidyA arthAt nimittazAstra se hI sambandhita thii| guru-ziSya samvAda kI praznottara zailI meM Agama-grantha kI racanA eka paravartI ghaTanA hai-vyAkhyA-prajJapti isakA prathama udAharaNa hai| yadyapi aMga evaM nandIsUtra meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa meM 108 pUche gaye, 108 nahIM pUche gaye aura 108 aura aMzataH nahIM pUche gaye praznoM ke uttara hai|' kintu yaha avadhAraNA kAlpanika hI lagatI hai| praznavyAkaraNa kI prAcInatama viSayavastu praznottara rUpa meM thI yA usameM praznoM kA uttara dene vAlI vidyAoM kA samAveza thA-samavAyAMga aura nandIsUtra ke ullekhoM ke atirikta Aja isakA koI prabala pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai| prAcInakAla. meM granthoM ko praznoM ke rUpa meM vibhAjita karane ko paramparA tho| isakA sabase mahattvapUrNa udAharaNa ApastambIya dharmasUtra hai jisakI viSayavastu ko do 'praznoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| isake prathama prazna meM 11 paTala aura dvitIya prazna meM 11 paTala hai| yaha sampUrNa grantha praznottara rUpa meM bhI nahIM hai| isI prakAra baudhAyana dharmasUtra kI viSayavastu bhI praznoM meM vibhakta hai| ataH praznottara zailI meM hone ke kAraNa yA prazna vidyA se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa ise praznavyAkaraNa nAma diyA gayA thA-yaha mAnanA ucita nahIM hogaa| vaise isakA prAcInatama nAma 'vAgaraNa' (vyAkaraNa) hI thaa| RSibhASita meM isakA isI nAma se ullekha hai| prAcInakAla meM tAttvika vyAkhyA kA vyAkaraNa kahA jAtA thaa| praznadhyAkaraNako viSayavastu sthAnAMga ko chor3akara praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ke sambandha meM anya granthoM meM jo nirdeza hai, usase vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa nizcaya hI bhinna hai| yaha parivartana kisa rUpa meM huA hai, yahA vicAraNIya hai| yadi hama granthoM ke kAlakrama ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ke sambandha meM upalabdha vivaraNoM ko dekheM, to hameM kAlakrama meM usakI viSayavastu meM usame hue parivartanoM kI spaSTa sUcanA mila jAtI hai : (a) sthAnAMka-praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ke sambandha meM prAcInatama ullekha sthAnAMgasUtra meM milatA hai| isameM praznavyAkaraNa kI gaNanA dasa dazAoM meM kI gaI hai tathA usake nimna dasa adhyayana batAye gaye hai-1. upamA,
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________________ prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa : vartamAna RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana 405 2. saMkhyA, 3. RSibhASita, 4. AcAryabhASita, 5. mahAvIrabhASita, 6. kSImakaprazna, 7. komalaprazna, Adarzaprazna Adrakaprazna. 9. aMguSThaprazna, 10. bAhuprazna / ' isase phalita hotA hai ki sarvaprathama yaha dasa adhyAyoM kA grantha thaa| dasa adhyAyoM ke grantha dasA (dazA) kahe jAte the| (ba) samavAyAMga-sthAnAMga ke pazcAt praznavyAkaraNa sUtra kI viSayavastu kA adhika vistRta vivecana karanevAlA Agama samavAyAMga hai| samavAyAMga meM usakI viSayavastu kA nirdeza karate hue kahA gayA hai ki 'praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM 108 praznoM, 108 apraznoM aura 108 praznapraznoM kA, vidyAoM ke atizayoM (camatkAroM) kA tathA nAgoM-suparNoM ke sAtha divya saMvAdoM kA vivecana hai| yaha praznavyAkaraNadazA svasamaya-paramasamaya ke prajJApaka evaM vividha arthoM vAlI bhASA ke pravaktA pratyeka buddhoM ke dvArA bhASita, atizaya guNoM evaM upazamabhAva ke vAraka tathA jJAna ke Akara AcAryoM ke dvArA tAra se bhASita aura jagat ke hita ke lie vIra maharSi ke dvArA vizeSa vistAra se bhASita hai| yaha Adarza, aMguSTha, bAhu, asi, maNi, kSauma (vasta) evaM Aditya (ke Azraya se) bhASita hai| isameM mahAprazna vidyA, manapraznavidyA, devaprayoga Adi kA ullekha hai| isameM saba prANiyoM ke pradhAna guNoM ke prakAzaka, durguNoM ko alpa karanevAle, manuSyoM ko mati ko vismita karane vAle, atizayamaya, kAlajJa evaM zamadama se yukta uttama tIrthaMkaroM ke pravacana meM sthita karanevAle, durAbhigama, durAvagAha, sabhI sarvajJoM ke dvArA sammata sabhI ajJajanoM ko bodha karAnevAle pratyakSa pratItikAraka, vividha guNoM se aura mahAn arthoM se yukta jinavarapraNIta prazna (vacana) kahe gaye haiN| praznavyAkaraNa aMka kI sImita vAcanAyeM haiM, saMkhyAta anuyogadvAra hai, saMkhyAta prati paktiyA~ haiM, saMkhyAta veDha hai, saMkhyAta zloka haiM, saMkhyAta niyuktiyAM haiM aura saMkhyAta saMgrahaNiyA~ haiM / praznavyAkaraNa aMgarUpa se dasavAM aMga hai, isameM eka zrutaskandha hai, paiMtAlIsa uddezana kAla haiM, paitAlIsa samuddezana kAla haiN| pada gaNanA kI apekSA saMkhyAta lAkhapada kahe gaye haiN| isameM saMkhyAta akSara haiM, anantagama hai, anantaparyAya haiM, parIta trasa haiM, ananta sthAvara haiN| isameM zAzvatakRta, nibaddha, nikAcita jina-prajJapta bhAva kahe jAte haiM, prajJApita kiye jAte haiM, prarUpita kiye jAte haiM, nidarzita kiye jAte hai aura upazita kiye jAte hai| isa aMga ke dvArA AtmA jJAtA hotA hai, vijJAtA hotA hai| isa prakAra caraNa aura karaNa kI prarUpaNA ke dvArA vastu-svarUpa kA kathana, prajJApana, nidarzana aura apadarzana kiyA jAtA hai / (sa) nandIsUtra-nandIsUtra meM praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA jo ullekha hai; vaha samavAyAMga ke vivahaNa kA mAtra saMkSipta rUpa hai| usake bhAva aura bhASA donoM hI samAna haiN| mAtra vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM praznavyAkaraNa ke 45 adhyayana batAye gaye haiM jabaki samavAyAMga meM kevala 45 samuddezanakAloM kA ullekha hai, 45 adhyayana kA ullekha samavAyAMga meM nahIM hai / (da) tattvArthavAtika-tattvArthavArtika meM praznavyAkaraNa kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki AkSepa aura vikSepa ke dvArA hetu aura naya ke Azraya se praznoM ke vyAkaraNa ko praznavyAkaraNa kahate hai| isameM laukika aura vaidika arthoM kA nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai| (i) dhavalA-dhavalA meM praznavyAkaraNa kI jo viSayavastu batAI gaI hai, vaha tatvArtha meM pratipAdita viSayavastu se kiMcita bhinnatA rakhatI hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa meM AkSepaNI, vikSepaNI, saMvedanI aura nivedanI ina cAra prakAra kI kathAoM kA varNana hai| usameM yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki AkSepaNI kathA parasamayoM (anya matoM) kA nirAkaraNa kara chaha dravyoM aura nava tattvoM kA pratipAdana karatI hai| vikSepaNI kathA meM parasamaya ke dvArA svasamaya para lagAye gaye AlepoM kA nirAkaraNa kara svasamaya ko sthApanA karatI hai| saMvedano kathA puNyaphala kI kathA hai| isameM tIrthakara, gaNadhara, RSi, cakravartI Adi kI Rddhi kA vivaraNa hai| nirvedanI kathA pApa phala kI kathA hai| isameM 52
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________________ 406 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda granthaM [ khaNDa naraka, tiryaJca jarA-maraNa, roga Adi sAMsArika duHkhoM kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai / usameM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa praznoM ke anusAra hata, naSTa, mukti, cintA, lAbha, alAbha, sukha, duHkha, jIvita, maraNa, jaya, parAjaya, nAma, dravya, Ayu aura saMkhyA kA nirUpaNa karatA hai| isa prakAra praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ke sambandha meM prAcIna ullekhoM meM ekarUpatA nahIM hai / praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu sambandhI vivaraNoM ko samIkSA merI dRSTi meM praznavyAkaraNasUtra kI viSayavastu ke tIna saMskAra hue hoNge| prathama evaM prAcInatama saMskAra, jo 'vAgaraNa' kahA jAtA thA, RSibhASita, AcAryabhASita aura mahAvIrabhASita hI isakI pramukha viSayavastu rahI hogI / RSibhASita meM 'vAgaraNa' grantha kA evaM usakI viSayavastu kI RSibhASita se samAnatA kA ullekha hai / " isase prAcInakAla ( I0 pU0 4 thI yA 3rI zatAbdI) meM isake astitva kI sUcanA to milatI hI hai, sAtha hI praznavyAkaraNa aura RRRSikA sambandha bhI spaSTa hotA hai / / yadyapi merI dRSTi meM 'upamA' meM kucha sthAnAMgasUtra meM praznavyAkaraNa kA vargIkaraNa dasa dazAoM meM kiyA / sambhavataH jaba praznavyAkaraNa ke isa prAcIna saMskaraNa kI racanA huI hogI, taba gyAraha aMgoM athavA dvAdaza gaNipiTika kI avadhAraNA bhI spaSTa rUpa se nahIM bana pAI thI / aMga-Agama sAhitya ke pAMca grantha --- upAsakadazA, antakRtadazA, praznavyAkaraNadazA aura anuttaropapAtikadazA tathA karmavipAkadazA ( vipAkadazA) - dasa dazAoM se hI parigaNita kie jAte the| Aja ina dazAoM meM uparyukta pA~ca tathA AcAradazA, jo Aja dazAzrutaskandha ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai, ko chor3akara zeSa cAra -bandhadazA, dvigRddhidazA, dIrghadazA aura saMkSepadazA upalabdha hai / upalabdha chaha dazAoM meM bhI upAsakadazA aura AyAradazA kI viSayavastu sthAnAMga meM upalabdha vivaraNa ke anurUpa hai / karmavipAka aura anuttaropapAtikadazA kI viSayavastu meM kucha samAnatA hai aura kucha bhinnatA hai / jabaki praznavyAkaraNadazA aura antakRtadazA ko viSayavastu pUrI taraha badala gaI hai / sthAnAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa kI jo viSayavastu sUcita kI gaI hai, vaho isakA prAcInatama saMskaraNa lagatA hai, kyoMki yahAM taka isakI viSayavastu meM naimittika vidyAoM kA adhika praveza nahIM dekhA jAtA hai / sthAnAMga praznavyAkaraNa ke jina dasa adhyayanoM kA nirdeza karatA hai, unameM bhI merI dRSTi meM isi bhAsiyAI, AyariyabhAsiyAiM aura mahAvIra bhAsiyAI - ye tIna prAcIna pratIta hote haiM / uvamA aura saMkhA kI sAmagrI kyA thI ? kahA nahIM jA sakatA rUpakoM ke dvArA dharma-bodha karAyA gayA hogA jaisA ki jJAtAdharma kathA meM karma aura aNDoM ke rUpakoM dvArA kramazaH yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki jo indriya-saMyama nahIM karatA hai, vaha duHkha ko prApta hotA hai aura jo sAdhanA meM asthira rahatA hai, vaha phala ko prApta nahIM karatA hai / isI prakAra 'saMkhA' meM sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga ke samAna saMkhyA ke AdhAra para varNita sAmagrI ho / yadyapi yaha bhI sambhava hai ki saMkhA nAmaka adhyayana kA sambandha sAMkhyadarzana se rahA ho kyoMki anya paramparAoM ke vicAroM ko prastuta karane kI udAratA isa grantha meM thI / sAtha ho, prAcInakAla meM sAMkhya zramaNAdhAra kA hI darzana thA aura jaina darzana se isakI nikaTatA thii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki addAgapariNAI, bAhupasiNAI Adi adhyAyoM kA sambandha bhI nimittazAstra se na hokara ina nAmavAle vyaktiyoM kI tAtvika paricarcA se rahA ho jo kramazaH Ardraka aura bAhuka nAmaka RSiyoM kI tatvacarcA se sambandhita rahe hoMge / adAgapariNAI kI TIkAkAroM ne 'Adarzaprazna' ke rUpa meM saMskRta chAyA bhI ucita nahIM hai / usakI saMskRtachAyA 'Ardrakaprazna' aisI honI caahieN| Ardraka se hue praznottaroM kI carcA sUtrakRtAMga meM milatI hai, sAtha hI vartamAna RSibhASita meM bhI 'addAeNa' (Ardraka) aura bAha ( bAhuka) nAmaka adhyayana upalabdha hai / ho sakatA hai ki komala aura khoma = kSobha bhI koI RSi rahe haiM / soma kA ullekha bhI RSibhASita meM hai / phira bhI yadi hama yaha mAnane ko utsuka hI hoM ki ye adhyayana nimitta zAstra se sambandhita the, to hameM yaha mAnanA
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________________ prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa : vartamAna RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana 407 hogA ki yaha sAmagrI usameM bAda meM jur3I hai, prArambha meM usakA aMga nahIM thI kyoMki prAcInakAla meM nimitta zAstra kA adhyayana jainabhikSu ke lie vajita thA aura ise pApazruta mAnA jAtA thaa| sthAnAMga aura samavayAMga-donoM meM praznavyAkaraNa sambandhI jo vivaraNa haiM, ve bhI eka kAla ke nahIM haiN| samavAyAMga kA vivaraNa paravartI hai, kyoMki usa vivaraNa meM mUla tathya surakSita rahate hue bhI nimittazAstra sambandhI vivaraNa kAphI vistRta ho gayA hai| sthAnAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa ke dasa adhyayana batAye gaye haiM jabaki samavAyAMga usameM 45 uddezaka hone kI sUcanA detA hai / 'uvamA' aura 'saMkhA' nAmaka sthAnAMga meM vaNita prArambhika do adhyayanoM kA yahA~ nirdeza hI nahIM hai| ho sakatA hai ki 'uvamA' kI sAmagrI jJAtAdharmakathA meM aura 'saMkhA' kI sAmagrI-yadi usakA sambandha saMkhyA se thA, to sthAAMga yA samavAyAMga meM DAla dI gaI ho| 'komalapasiNAI' kA bhI ullekha nahIM hai| ina tInoM ke sthAna para 'asi' 'maNi' aura 'Aditya'-ye tIna nAma naye jur3a gaye haiM, punaH inakA ullekha bhI adhyayanoM ke rUpa meM nahIM hai / samavAyAMga kA vivaraNa spaSTarUpa se yaha batAtA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa kA varNya-viSaya camatkArapUrNa vividha vidhAoM se paripUrNa hai| yahA~ isibhAsiyAI, AyariyabhAsiyAI aura mahAvIrabhAsiyAiM-ina tona adhyayanoM kA vilopa kara yaha nimittazAstra sambandhI vivaraNa inake dvArA kathita hai, yaha kaha diyA gayA hai| vastutaH samavAyAMga kA vivaraNa hameM praznavyAkaraNa ke kisI dUsare parivarSita saMskaraNa kI sUcanA detA hai jisameM nemizAstra se sambandhita vivaraNa jor3akara pratyekabuddhabhASita (RSibhASita) AcAryabhASita aura vorabhAsita (mahAvIrabhASita) bhAga alaga kara die gaye the aura isa prakAra ise zuddharUpa se eka nimittazAstra kA grantha Tthaa| use prAmANikatA dene ke lie yahA~ taka kaha diyA gayA ki yaha pratyekabaddha AcArya aura mahAvIrabhASita hai| tatvArthavArtika meM praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA jo vivaraNa upalabdha hai, vaha itanA avazya sUcita karatA hai ki granthakAra ke sAmane praznavyAkaraNa kI koI prati nahIM thii| usane praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ke sambandha meM jo vivaraNa diyA hai, vaha kalpanAdhita hI hai| yadyapi dhavalA meM praznavyAkaraNa ke sambandha meM jo nimittazAstra se sambandhita kucha vivaraNa hai, vaha nizcaya hI yaha batAtA hai ki granthakAra ne use anuzruti ke rUpa meM zvetAmbara yA yApanIya paramparA se prApta kiyA hogaa| dhavalA meM varNita viSayavastuvAlA koI praznavyAkaraNa astitva se bhI rahA hogA, yaha kahanA kaThina hai / ___ yadyapi samavAyAMga kA praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu sambandhI vivaraNa sthAnAMga kI apekSA paravartI kAla kA hai, phira bhI isameM kucha tathya aise avazya haiM jo hamArI isa dhAraNA ko puSTa karate haiM ki praznavyAkaraNa kI mUlabhUta viSayavastu RSibhASita, AcAryabhASita aura mahAvIrabhASita hI thI aura jisakA adhikAMza bhAga Aja bhI RSibhASita Adi ke rUpa meM surakSita hai / kyoMki samavAyAMga meM bhI praznavyAkaraNa ko viSayavastu ko pratyeka buddhabhASita, AcAryabhASita kahA gayA hai| sthAnAMga meM jahA~ RSibhASita zabda haiM, vahA~ samavAyAMga meM pratyeka buddhabhASita zabda hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki RSibhASita ke pratyeka RSi ko Age calakara jainAcAryoM ne pratyeka buddha ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai / " hamAre kathana kI puSTi kA dUsarA AdhAra yaha hai ki samavAyAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa ke eka zrutaskandha aura 45 adhyAya mAne gaye haiN| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki samavAyAMga ke praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu sambandhI isa vivaraNa ke likhe jAne taka bhI yaha avadhAraNA acetana rUpa meM avazya thI ki praznavyAkaraNa ko viSayavastu pratyeka buddhoM, dharmAcAryoM aura mahAvIra ke upadezoM se nirmita tho, yadyapi isa kAla taka RSibhASita ko usase alaga kara diyA hogA aura usake 45 adhyayanoM ke sthAna para naimittazAstrasambandhI vidyAyeM samAviSTa kara dI gaI hoNgii| yadyapi nimittazAstra ke viSaya jor3ane kA ho aisA kucha prayatna sImitarUpa meM sthAnAMga praznavyAkaraNa sambandhI vivaraNa likhe jAne ke pUrva bhI huA hogaa| merI dhAraNA yaha hai ki prathama praznavyAkaraNa meM nimittazAstra kA viSaya jur3A aura phira RSibhASita vAlA aMga alaga huA tathA bIca kA kucha kAla aisA rahA jaba vahI viSayavastu donoM meM samAnAntara banI rhii|
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________________ 408 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa yahA~ hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki jahA~ sthAnAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa ke dasa adhyayana hone kA ullekha hai, vahA~ samavAyAMga meM isake 45 uddezanakAla aura nandI meM 45 adhyayana hone kA ullekha hai - yaha Akasmika nahIM hai / yaha ullekha praznavyAkaraNa aura RSibhASita ke kisI sAmya kA saMketaka hai / vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa meM dasa adhyayana honA bhI saprayojana hai - sthAnAMga ke pUrva vivaraNa se saMgati baiThAne ke lie hI aisA kiyA gayA hogA / dasa aura paiMtAlisa ke isa vivAda ko sulajhAne ke do hI vikalpa haiM -- prathama sambhAvanA yaha ho sakatI hai ki prAcIna saMskaraNa meM dasa adhyAya rahe hoM aura usake RSibhASita vAle adhyAya ke 45 uddezaka rahe hoM athavA mUla praznavyAkaraNa meM vartamAna RSibhAsita ke 45 adhyAya hI hoM kyoMki inameM bhI RSibhASita ke sAtha mahAvIrabhASita aura AcAryabhASita kA samAveza to ho hI jAtA hai / yaha bhI sambhava hai ki vartamAna RSibhASita ke 45 adhyAyoM meM se kucha adhyAya RSibhASita ke antargata aura kucha AcAryabhASita evaM kucha mahAvIrabhASita ke antargata uddezakoM ke rUpa meM vargIkRta hue hoN| mahatvapUrNa yaha hai ki samavAyAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa ke 45 adhyayana na kahakara 45 uddezanakAla kahA gayA hai, kintu praznavyAkaraNa se alaga karane ke pazcAt unheM eka hI grantha ke antargata 45 adhyAyoM ke rUpa meM rakha diyA gayA ho / eka mahatvapUrNa prazna yaha bhI hai ki samavAyAMga meM RSibhASita ke 44 adhyayana kahe gaye haiM jabaki vartamAna RSibhASita meM 45 adhyayana haiM / kyA vardhamAna nAmaka adhyayana pahale isameM parigaNita kiyA gayA thA yA anya koI kAraNa thA, hama nahIM kaha skte| kisI RSi kA ullekha nahIM hai / sAtha hI, yaha ardhyAya cArvAka kA pratipAdana karatA hai| ataH ise RSibhASita meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA ho / samavAyAMga aura nandIsUtra ke mUlapAThoM meM eka mahatvapUrNa antara hai / nandIsUtra meM praznavyAkaraNa ke 45 adhyayana haiM- aisA spaSTa pATha hai / " jabaki samavAyAMga meM 45 adhyayana - aisA pATha hokara 45 uddezana kAla haiM, mAtra yahI pATha hai / ho sakatA hai ki samavAyAMga ke racanAkala taka ve uddezaka rahe hoM, kintu Age calakara ve adhyayana kahe jAne lage hoM / yadi samavAyAMga ke kAlataka 45 adhyayanoM kI avadhAraNA hotI, to samavAyAMga usakA ullekha avazya karatA, kyoMki samavAyAMga meM anya aMga --AgamoM kI carcA ke prasaGga meM adhyayanoM kA spaSTa ullekha hai / sammilita nahIM thA / ise mahAvIrabhASita meM yaha bhI sambhava hai ki utkaTavAdI adhyAya meM na isa sambandha meM eka mahatvapUrNa prazna yaha bhI hai ki kyA nimittazAstra evaM camatkArika vidyAoM se mukta koI praznavyAkaraNa banA bhI thA yA yaha saba kalpanA ur3Ate haiM ? yaha satya hai ki praznavyAkaraNa kI pada saMkhyA kA samavAyAMga, nandI, nandicUrNI aura dhavalA meM jo ullekha hai, vaha kAlpanika hai / yadyapi samavAyAMga aura nandI praznavyAkaraNa ke padoM kI nizcita saMkhyA nahIM dete haiM-mAtra saMkhyAta zata sahasra - aisA ullekha karate haiM, kintu nandicUrNI evaM samavAyAMgavRti meM usake padoM kI saMkhyA 9216000 aura dhavalA ** meM 9316000 meM batAyI gayI hai, jo mujhe to kAlpanika hI adhika lagatI hai / merI avadhAraNA yaha hai ki sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, nandI, tatvArtha rAjavArtika, dhavalA evaM jayadhavalA meM praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA jisa rUpa meM ullekha hai, vaha pUrNataH kAlpanika cAhe na ho kintu usameM satyAMza kama aura kalpanA kA puTa adhika hai / yadyapi nimittazAstra ke viSaya ko lekara koI praznavyAkaraNa avazya banA hogA, phira bhI usameM samavAyAMga aura dhavalA meM varNita samagra viSayavastu evaM cAmatkArika vidhAe~ rahI hoMgI, yaha kahanA kaThina hai / isI sandarbha meM samavAyAMga ke mUlapATha 'addAgaMguTTA bAhuasimaNi khomaAinca bhAsiyANaM '17 ke artha ke sambandha meM bhI yahA~ hameM punarvicAra karanA hogA / kahIM uddAMga, aMguSTha, bAhu, asi, maNi, khoma, ( kSobha ) aura Aditya vyakti yA RSi to nahIM hai- kyoMki inake dvArA bhASita kahane kA kyA artha hai ? RSibhASita meM inake ullekha haiM / Aditya bhI koI RSi ho sakate haiM / kevala aMguSTha, asi aura maNi ye tIna nAma avazya aise haiM, jinake vyakti hone kI sambhAvanA dhUmila hai /
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________________ 6] kyA praznavyAkaraNa kI prAcIna viSayavastu surakSita hai ? yahA~ yaha carcA bhI mahatvapUrNa hai ki kyA praznavyAkaraNa ke prathama aura dvitIya saMskaraNoM kI viSayavastu pUrNataH naSTa ho gaI hai yA vaha Aja bhI pUrNataH yA aMzataH surakSita hai| merI dRSTi meM praznavyAkaraNa ke prathama saMskaraNa meM RSi AcAryabhASita aura mahAvIrabhASita ke nAma se jo sAmagrI thI, vaha Aja bhI RSibhASita, jJAtAdharmakathA, sUtrakRtAMga evaM uttarAdhyayana meM bahuta kucha surakSita hai| aisA lagatA hai ki IsvI san ke pUrva ho usa sAmagrI ko vahA~ se alagakara isi bhAtivAda ke nAma se svatantragrantha ke rUpa meM surakSita kara liyA gayA thaa| jaina paramparA meM aise prayAsa aneka bAra hue haiM jaba cUlA yA pUlikA ke rUpa meM granthoM meM navIna sAmagrI jor3o jAtI rahI athavA kisI grantha kI sAmagrI ko nikAlakara usase eka nayA dhanya banA diyaa| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, kisI samaya nizItha ko AcArAMga kI cUlA ke rUpa meM jor3A gayA, aura kAlAntara meM use vahA~ se alaga kara nizISa nAmaka nayA grantha hI banA diyA gyaa| isI prakAra AyAradazA (dazAzrutaskandha) ke AThaveM adhyAya (paryupaNakalpa) kI sAmagrI se kalpasUtra nAmaka eka nayA grantha hI banA diyA gayA / ataH yaha mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai ki pahale praznavyAkaraNa meM isibhAsiyAI ke adhyAya jur3ate rahe hoM aura phira adhyayanoM kI sAmagrI ko vahA~ se alaga kara itibhAsiyAI nAmaka svatantra grantha astitva meM AyA ho / merA yaha kathana nirAdhAra bhI nahIM hai / prathama to, donoM nAmoM kA sAmya to hai hI / sAtha hI, samavAyAMga meM yaha bhI spaSTa ullekha hai ki praznavyAkaraNa meM svasamaya aura parasamaya ke prajJApaka pratyekabuddhoM ke kathana hai / isibhAsiyAI ke sambandha meM yaha spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki usameM pratyeka buddhoM ke vacana haiM / mAtra yahI nahIM, samavAyAMga svasamaya evaM parasamaya ke prajJApaka pratyekabuddha kA ullekha kara isakI puSTi bhI kara detA hai ki ve pratyekabuddha mAtra jaina paramparAoM ke nahIM haiM, apitu anya paramparAoM ke bhI haiM / isibhAsiyAI meM maMkhaligosAla, devanArada, asitadevala, yAjJavalkya uddAlaka Adi se sambandhita adhyAya bhI isI tathya ko sUcita karate haiM / merI dRSTi meM praznavyAkaraNa kA prAcInatama adhikAMza bhAga Aja bhI isibhAsiyAI meM tathA kucha bhAga sUtrakRtAMga, jJAtAdharmakathA aura uttarAdhyayana ke kucha adhyAyoM ke rUpa meM surakSita hai / praznavyAkaraNa kA isibhAsiyAI vAlA aMza vartamAna isibhA siyAI (RSibhASita) meM mahAvIrabhASiyAI tathA AyariyAbhAriyAI kA kucha aMza uttarAdhyayana ke adhyayanoM meM surakSita hai| RSibhASita ke tetaliputra nAmaka adhyAya kI viSayasAmagrI jJAtAdharmakathA ke tetaliputra nAmaka adhyAya meM Aja bhI upalabdha / prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa vartamAna RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana 409 uttarAdhyayana ke aneka adhyAya praznavyAkaraNa ke aMga the--isakI puSTi aneka AdhAroM se kI jA sakatI haiM / sarvaprathama, uttarAdhyayana nAma hI isa tathya ko sUcita karatA hai ki yaha kisI grantha ke uttara-adhyayanoM se banA huA grantha hai / isakA tAtparya hai ki isakI viSaya sAmagrI pUrva meM kisI grantha kA uttaravartI aMza rahI hogI / isI tathya kI puSTi kA dUsarA kintu sabase mahatvapUrNa pramANa yaha hai ki uttarAdhyayana niryukti gAthA 4 meM isa bAta kA spaSTa rUpa se ullekha hai ki uttarAdhyayana kA kucha bhAga aMga sAhitya se liyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana niyukti kI isa gAthA kA tAtparya yaha hai ki "bandhana aura mukti se sambandhita jinabhASita aura pratyeka kucha samvAdarUpa isake kucha adhyayana aMga pranthoM se liye gaye haiN"| niyuktikAra kA yaha kathana tIna mukhya bAtoM para prakAza DAlatA hai| prathama to yaha ki uttarAdhyayana ke jo 36 adhyayana haiM, unameM kucha jinabhASita (mahAvIrabhASita) aura kucha pratyeka buddhoM ke samvAda rUpa hai tathA aMga sAhitya se liye gaye haiN| aba yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se uThatA hai ki vaha aMga grantha kauna sA thA, jisase uttarAdhyayana ke ye bhAga liye gaye ? kucha AcAryoM ne dRSTivAda se isake pariSaha Adi adhyAyoM ko liye jAne kI kalpanA kI hai kintu merI dRSTi meM isakA koI AdhAra nahIM hai| isakI sAmagrI ugrI grantha se lI jA sakatI hai jisameM mahAvIrabhASita aura pratyekabuddhibhASita viSayavastu ho | isa prakAra viSayavastu praznavyAkaraNa kI hI thI / ataH usase hI inheM liyA gayA hogA / yaha bAta nirvivAda rUpa se svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai ki cAhe uttarAdhyayana ke samasta adhyayana to nahIM, kintu kucha adhyayana to avazya hI mahAvIra
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________________ 410 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa bhASita haiN| eka bAra hama uttarAdhyayana ke chattIsaveM adhyayana evaM usake anta meM dI huI usa gAthA ko, jisameM usakA mahAvIrabhASita honA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, paravartI evaM prakSipta mAna bhI leM, kintu usake aThArahaveM adhyayana kI gAthA 24, jo na kevala isI gAthA ke samarUpa hai, apitu bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI usakI apekSA prAcIna lagatI hai| prakSipta nahIM kahI jA sktii| yadi uttarAdhyayana ke kucha adhyayana jinabhASita evaM kucha pratyekabuddhoM ke samvAdarUpa hai, to hameM yaha dekhanA hogA ki ve kisa aGga grantha ke bhAga ho sakate haiN| praznavyAkaraNa kI prAcIna viSayavastu kA nirdeza karate hue sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga aura nandIsUtra meM usake adhyAyoM ko mahAvIrabhASita evaM pratyekabuddhabhASita kahA gayA hai / isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki uttarAdhyayana ke aneka adhyAya pUrva meM praznavyAkaraNa ke aMza rahe haiN| uttarAdhyayana ke adhyAyoM ke vaktA ke rUpa meM dekheM, to spaSTa rUpa se unameM nabhipavvajA, kApilIya, saMjayIya Adi jaise kaI adhyayana pratyekabuddhoM ke sambAdarUpa milate haiM jabaki vinayasutta, pariSaha-vibhakti, saMskRta, akAmabharaNIya, kSullaka-nigraMthIya, dumapatraka, bahuzrutapUjA jaise kucha adhyAya mahAvIrabhASita haiM aura kesI-gautamIya, gaddamIya Adi kucha adhyAya AcAryabhASita kahe jA sakate haiM / ataH praznavyAkaraNa ke prAcIna saMskAra kI viSayasAmagrI se ina uttarAdhyayana ke aneka adhyAyoM kA nirmANa huA hai| ___ yadyapi samavAyAMga evaM nandIsUtra meM uttarAdhyayana kA nAma AyA hai, kintu sthAnAMga meM kahIM bhI uttarAdhyayana kA nAmollekha nahIM hai| yaho aisA prathama grantha hai jo jaina Agama sAhitya ke prAcInatama svarUpa ko sUcanA detA hai / mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki sthAnAMga meM prastuta jaina sAhitya vivaraNa ke pUrva taka uttarAdhyayana eka svatantra grantha ke rUpa meM astitva meM nahIM AyA thA, apitu vaha praznavyAkaraNa ke eka bhAga ke rUpa meM thaa| punaH uttarAdhyayana kA mahAvIrabhASita honA use praznavyAkaraNa ke hI adhona mAnane se hI siddha ho sakatA hai| uttarAdhyayana kI viSayavastu kA nirdeza karate hue bhI kahA gayA hai ki 36 apRSTha kA vyAkhyAna karane ke pazcAta 37veM pradhAna nAmaka adhyayana kA varNana karate hue bhagavAn parinirvANa ko prApta hue| praznavyAkaraNa ke viSayavastu kI carcA karate hue usameM pRSTha, apRSTha aura pRSThApRSTha kA virodha honA batAyA gayA hai / isase bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa aura uttarAdhyayana ko samarUpatA hai aura uttarAdhyayana meM apRSTha praznoM kA vyAkaraNa haiM / ____ hama yaha bhI suspaSTa rUpa se batA cuke haiM, ki pUrva meM RSibhASita ho praznavyAkaraNa kA eka bhAga thA / RSipata ko paravartI AcAryoM ne pratyekabuddhabhASita kahA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke bhI kucha adhyayanoM ko pratyekabuddhabhASita kahA gayA hai / isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki uttarAdhyayana evaM RSibhASita eka dUsare se nikaTa rUpa se sambandhita the aura kisI eka hI granya ke bhAga the| haribhadra (8voM zatI) Avazyaka niyukti ko vRtti (85) meM RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana ko eka mAnate hai| terahavoM zatAbdI taka bho jaina AcAryoM meM aisI dhAraNA calI A rahI thI ki RSibhASita kA samAveza uttarAdhyayana meM ho jAtA hai| jinaprabhasUri kI caudahavoM sadI kI vidhimArgaprapA meM spaSTa rUpa se ullekha hai ki kucha AcAryoM ke mata meM RSibhASita kA antarbhAva uttarAdhyayana meM ho jAtA hai| yadi hama uttarAdhyayana aura RSibhASita ko samagra rUpa meM eka grantha mAneM, to aisA lagatA hai ki usa grantha kA pUrvavartI bhAga RSibhASita aura uttarabhAga uttarAdhyayana kahA jAtA thaa| yaha to huI praznavyAkaraNa ke prAcInatama prathama saMskaraNa kI bAta / aba yaha vicAra karanA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa ke nimittazAstra pradhAna dUsare saMskaraNa kI kyA sthiti ho sakatI hai-kyA vaha bhI kisI rUpa meM surakSita hai ? merI meM vaha bhI pUrNatayA vilupta nahIM huA hai, apitu mAtra huA yaha hai ki use praznavyAkaraNa se pRthak kara usake sthAna ra AzravadvAra aura saMvaradvAra nAmaka naI viSayavastu DAla dI gaI hai| zrI agara candajI nAhaTA ne jinavANI. disambara 1980 meM prakAzita apane lekha meM praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka kucha anya granthoM kA saMketa kiyA hai / 'praznavyAkaraNAkhya jayapAyaDa' ke nAma se eka grantha muni jinavijayajI siMdhI jaina granthamAlA ne grantha kramAMka 43 meM sambata 2015 meM prakAzita kiyA
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________________ prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa : vartamAna RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana 411 hai / yaha grantha eka prAcIna tADapatrIya prati ke AdhAra para prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| tAr3apatrIya prati kharataragaccha ke AcAryazAkhA ke jJAnabhaNDAra, jaisalamera se prApta huI thI aura yaha vikrama sambat 1336 kI likhI huI thii| grantha mUlataH prAkRta bhASA meM hai aura usameM 378 gAthAeM haiN| usake sAtha saMskRta TIkA bhI hai| yaha prakAzita grantha pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, vArANasI ke pustakAlaya meM hai| grantha kA viSaya nimittazAstra se sambandhita hai| isI prakAra, jinaratnakoza meM bhI zAntinAtha bhaNDAra khambhAta meM upalabdha jayapAhar3a praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka grantha kI sUcanA upalabdha hotI hai|" yadyapi isakI gAthA saMkhyA 228 batAI gaI hai| eka anya praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka grantha kI sUcanA hameM nepAla ke mahArAjA kI lAyabrerI se prApta hotI hai| zrI agaracandajI nAhaTA kI sUcanA ke anusAra isa grantha kI pratilipi terApantha dharmasaMgha ke yuvAcArya muni zrI nAthamalajo ne prApta kara lI hai| isa lekha ke prakAzana ke pUrva zrI jauharImalajI pArakha, rAvaTI, jodhapura ke saujanya se isa grantha kI phoTo kApI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ko prApta ho gaI hai| ise abhI pUrA par3hA to nahIM jA sakA hai, kintu tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dekhane para jJAta huA ki isako mUlagAthAe~ to sindho jaina granthamAlA ke antargata prakAzita kRti ke samAna hI haiM, kintu TIkA bhinna hai| isakI eka anya phoTokApI lAlAbhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA maMdira, ahamadAbAda se bhI prApta huI hai| eka anya praznavyAkaraNa kI sUcanA hameM pATana jJAna bhaNDAra kI sUcI se prApta hotI hai| yaha grantha bhI cUr3AmaNi nAmaka TIkA ke sAtha hai aura TIkA kA granthAMka 2300 zloka parimANa batAyA gayA hai| yaha prati bhI kAphI purAnI ho sakatI hai|" ina saba AdhAroM se aisA lagatA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa kA nimitrazAstra se sambandhita saMskaraNa bhI pUrI taraha vilupta nahIM huA hogA apitu use usase alaga karake surakSita kara liyA gayA hai| yadi koI vidvAn ina saba granthoM ko lekara unakI viSayavastu ko samavAyAMga, nandosUtra evaM dhavalA meM praznavyAkaraNa kI ullikhita viSayasAmagrI ke sAtha milana kareM, to yaha patA cala sakegA ki praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka jo anya grantha upalabdha hai, ve praznavyAkaraNa ke dvitIya saMskaraNa kA hI aMza hai yA anya hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki samavAyAMga aura nandI ke racanAkAla meM praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka kaI grantha vAcanA-bheda se pracalita hoM aura unameM una sabhI viSayavastu kA samAhita kiyA gayA ho| isa mAnyatA kA eka AdhAra yaha hai ki RSibhASita, samavAyAMga, nandI evaM anuyogadvAra meM 'vAgaraNagaMthA' evaM 'paNhAvAgaraNAI-aise bahuvacana prayoga milate haiM / isase aisA lagatA hai ki isa kAla meM vAcanAbheda se yA anya rUpa se aneka praznavyAkaraNa rahe hoNge| ___ ina praznavyAkaraNoM kI saMskRta TIkA sahita tAr3apatrIya pratiyA~ milanA isa bAta kI avazya sUcaka hai ki IsA ko 4-5vIM zatI meM ye grantha astitva meM the kyoMki 9-10vIM zatAbdI meM jaba inakI TokAe~ likhI gaI, to usase pUrva bhI ye grantha apane mUla rUpa meM rahe hoNge| sambhavataH IsA kI lagabhaga 2.3 rI sadI meM praznavyAkaraNa meM nimittazAstra sambandhI sAmagrI joDI gaI ho aura phira usameM se RSibhASita kA hissA alaga kiyA gayA aura use viziSTa rUpa se eka nimittazAstra kA grantha banA diyA gyaa| punaH lagabhaga sAtavIM sadI meM yaha nimitta zAstra vAlA hissA alaga kiyA gayA aura usake sthAna para pAMca Azrava tathA pAMca saMvaradvAra vAlA vartamAna saMskaraNa rakhA gyaa| praznavyAkaraNa ke pUrva ke do saMskaraNa bhI, cAhe usase pRthaka kara diye gaye hoM, kintu ve RSibhASita, uttarAdhyayana aura praznavyAkaraNa nAma anya nimittazAstra ke granthoM ke rUpa meM apanA astitva rakha rahe haiM / AzA hai, isa sambandha meM vidvadvarga Age aura manthana karake kisI niSkarSa para phuNcegaa| praznavyAkaraNa aura RSibhASita ko viSayavastu ko samarUpatA kA pramANa RSibhASita aura prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastuoM kI ekarUpatA kA sabase mahattvapUrNa pramANa hameM RSibhASita ke pAvaM nAmaka ikatIsaveM adhyayana meM mila jAtA hai| isameM pAzva kI dArzanika avadhAraNAoM kI carcA hai| isa carcA ke prasaMga meM granthAkAra ne spaSTa rUpa se yaha ullekha kiyA hai ki vyAkaraNaprabhRti granthoM meM samAhita isa
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________________ 412 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa adhyayana kA eka dusarA pATha bhI milatA hai| isakA tAtparya to yaha hai ki RSibhASita kI viSayavastu praznavyAkaraNa meM bhI samAhita thii| yadyapi yaha eka vivAdAspada prazna hogA ki prazna vyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu se RSibhASita kA nirmANa huA yA RSibhASita ko viSayavastu se praznavyAkaraNa kaa| lekina yaha suspaSTa hai ki kisI samaya praznavyAkaraNa aura RSibhASita kI viSayavastu samAna thI aura unameM kucha pAThAntara bhI the / ataH vartamAna RSibhASita meM prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA honA nivivAda rUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai| sAtha hI, yaha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai ki mUla praznavyAkaraNa meM pAca Adi prAcIna arhat RSiyoM ke dArzanika vicAra evaM upadeza nihita the| praznavyAkaraNa aura jayapAyaDa ko viSayavastu kI AMzika samAnatA 'praznavyAkaraNAkhya jayapAyaDa' nAmaka grantha kI viSayasAmagrI nimittazAstra se sambandhita hai / punaH usameM kartA ne tIsarI gAthA meM 'paNhaM jayapAyaDa vocchaM' kahakara praznavyAkaraNa aura jayapAyaDa ko samarUpatA ko spaSTa kiyA hai| prastuta grantha kI isI gAthA kI TIkA se grantha kI viSayavastu ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki isameM 'naSTamuSTicintAlAmAlAmasukhaduHkhajIvanamaraNa' Adi sambandhI prazna hai| isa ullekha se aisA lagatA hai ki dhavalAkAra ne praznavyAkaraNa ko viSayavastu kA jisa rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai, usakI isase bahata kucha samAnatA hai|" prastata grantha ke nivibhAga prakaraNa, naSTikA cakra, saMkhyA pramANa, lAbha prakaraNa, astravibhAga prakaraNa Adi aise haiM jinakI viSayavastu samavAyAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa ke vaNita viSayoM se yatkiJcit sAmya rakhatI hai / 22 durbhAgya yaha hai ki prakAzita hote hue bhI vidvAnoM ko isa grantha kI jAnakArI nahIM hai / yaha jaina nimittazAstra kA prAcIna evaM pramukha grantha hai / grantha kI bhASA ko dekhakara sAmAnyatayA yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha IsvI san kI cauthIpA~cavI zatAbdI kI ho sakatI hai| grantha ke lie prayukta pAyaDa yA pAhar3a zabda ke bho yaha phalita hotA hai ki yaha grantha lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa ko racanA honA cAhie, kyoMki kasAyapAhur3a evaM kundakunda ke pAhur3agrantha isI kAlAvadhi ke kucha pUrva ko racanAeM haiM / sUrya prajJapti meM bhI viSayoM kA vargIkaraNa pAhur3oM ke rUpa meM huA hai / ataH yaha sambhAvanA ho sakatI hai ki jayapAyar3a praznavyAkaraNa ke dvitIya saMskaraNa kA koI rUpa ho, yadyapi isa sambandha meM antima rupa se tabhI kucha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaba praznavyAkaraNa ke nAma se milane vAlI sabhI racanAe~ hamAre samakSa upasthita hoM aura inakA pramANika rUpa se adhyayana kiyA jAye / viSaya-sAmagrI meM parivartana kyoM ? yadyapi yahA~ yaha prazna svAbhAvikarUpa se uThatA hai ki prathama RSibhASita, AcAryabhASita, mahAvIrabhASita Adi bhAga ko haTAkara isameM nimittazAstra sambandhI vivaraNa rakhanA aura phira nimittazAstra sambandhI vivaraNa haTAkara AzravadvAra aura saMvaradvAra sambandhI vivaraNa rakhanA-yaha saba kyoM huA? sarvaprathama RSibhASita Adi bhAga kyoM haTAyA gayA ? merI dRSTi meM isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki RSibhASita meM adhikAMzataH ajaina paramparA ke RSiyoM ke upadeza evaM vicAra saMkalita the / isake paThana-pAThana se eka udAra dRSTikoNa kA vikAsa to hotA thA kintu jainadharma saMgha ke prati aTaTa zraddhA khaNDita hotI thI tathA pariNAmasvarUpa saMghIya vyavasthA ke lie apekSita dhArmika kaTTaratA aura AsthA Tika nahIM pAtI thii| isase dharmasaMgha ko khatarA thaa| punaH yaha yuga camatkAroM dvArA logoM ko apane dharmasaMgha ke prati AkarSita karane aura unakI dhArmika zraddhA ko dRr3ha karane kA thA, cuki tatkAlIna jaina paramparA ke sAhitya meM ataH use jor3anA jarUrI thaa| samavAyAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa sambandhI jo vivaraNa upalabdha hai, puSTi hotI hai-upameM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki logoM ko jina pravacana meM sthita karane ke lie, unakI mati ko vismita karane ke lie sarvajJa ke vacanoM meM vizvAsa utpanna karane ke lie isameM-mahApraznavidyA, manaHpraznavidyA, deva-prayoga
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________________ prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa : vartamAna RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana 413 Adi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi yaha Azcaryajanaka hai ki eka aura nimittazAstra ko pApasUtra kahA gayA-kintu saMghahita ke lie, dUsarI ora, use aMga Agama meM sammilita kara liyA gyaa| ataH praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu meM parivartana karane kA doharA lAbha thA-eka aura anyatIthika RSiyoM ke vacanoM ko usase alaga kiyA jA sakatA thA, dUsarI ora usameM nimittazAstra sambandhI naI sAmagrI jor3a kara usakI pramANikatA ko bhI siddha kiyA jA sakatA thaa| kintu jaba paravartI AcAryoM ne isakA durupayoga hote dekhA hogA aura munivarga ko sAdhanA se virata hokara inhIM naimittika vidyAoM kI upAsanA meM rata dekhA hogA, to unhoMne yaha naimittika vidyAoM se yukta vivaraNa usase alaga kara usameM pAMca AzravadvAra aura pAMca saMvaradvAra vAlA vivaraNa rakha diyaa| praznavyAkaraNa ke TIkAkAra abhayadeva evaM jJAnavimala ne bhI viSaya parivartana ke lie yahI tarka svIkAra kiyA hai / 23 praznavyAkaraNa kI prAcIna viSayavastu kaba usase alaga kara dI gaI aura usake sthAna para pAMca AzravadvAra aura pAMca saMvaradvAra rUpa navIna viSaya rakha dI gaI, yaha prazna bhI vicAraNIya hai ? abhayadeva sUri ne apanI sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga kI TIkA meM bhI yaha spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai ki vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa meM inameM sUcita viSayavastu upalabdha nahIM hai|" mAtra yahI nahIM, unhoMne pAMca-pAMca AzravadvAra aura pAMca saMvaradvAra vAle vartamAna meM upalabdha praznavyAkaraNa hI TIkA likhI hai| ata: vartamAna saMskaraNa kI nimnatama soma abhayadeva ke kAla (1080 I0) se pUrvavartI honA caahie| punaH abhayadeva ne praznavyAkaraNa meM eka zrutaskandha hai yA do zrutaskandha haiM, isa samasyA ko uThAte hue apanI vRtti kI pUrvapIThikA meM se apane pUrvavartI AcArya kA mata udhRta karate hue use asvIkAra kiyA hai aura yaha bhI kahA hai ki yaha do zrutaskandhoM kI mAnyatA rUr3ha nahIM hai| sambhavataH unhoMne apanA eka zrutaskandha sambandhI mata samavAyAMga aura nandI ke AdhAra para banAyA ho| isakA artha yaha bhI hai ki abhayadeva ke pUrva bhI praznavyAkaraNa ke vartamAna saMskaraNa para prAkRta bhASA meM ho koI vyAkhyA likhI gaI thI jisameM do zrutaskandha kI mAnyatA ko puSTa kiyA gayA thaa| usakA kAla abhayadeva se 2-3 zatAbdI pUrva arthAt IsA kI 8vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga avazya rahA hogaa| punaH AcArya jinadAsagaNi mahattara ne nandIsUtra para 676 I0 meM apanI cUNi samApta kI thii| usa cUNi meM unhoMne praznavyAkaraNa meM paMcasaMvarAdi kI vyAkhyA hone kA spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai| isase bhI yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki 676 I0 ke pUrva praznavyAkaraNa kA paMca saMvaradvAroM se yukta saMskaraNa prasAra meM A gayA thA, arthAt AgamoM ke lekhanakAla ke pazcAt lagabhaga sau varSa kI avadhi meM vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa astitva meM avazya A gayA thaa| prastuta praznavyAkaraNa kI prathama gAthA, jisameM 'vocchAmi' kahakara grantha ke kathana kA nizcaya sUcita kiyA hai ki racanA zeSa sabhI aMga AgamoM ke kathana se bilakula bhinna hai| yaha pAMcavoM-chaThI sadI meM racita granthoM kI prathama prAkkathana gAthA ke samAna hI hai / ataH prastuta praznavyAkaraNa kA racanAkAla IsA kI chaThI sadI mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate hai ki praznavyAkaraNa kA vaha prAcInatama saMskaraNa hai, jisameM usakI viSayavastu RSibhASita kI viSayavastu ke samarUpa thIM aura vaha lagabhaga IsA pUrva tIsarI sadI kI racanA hogii| phira IsA kI dUsarIsadI meM usameM nimittazAstra sambandhI vivaraNa jur3e jinakI sUcanA usake sthAnAMga ke vivaraNa se milatI hai| isake pazcAta IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI meM RSibhASita Adi bhAga alaga kiye gaye aura use nimittazAstra kA grantha banA diyA, samavAyAMga kA vivaraNa isakA sAkSI hai / isa kAla meM praznavyAkaraNa ke nAma se vAcanAbheda se aneka grantha astitva meM the, aisI bhI sacanA hameM Agama sAhitya se mila jAtI hai| lagabhaga IsA kI chaThI sadI ke uttarArddha meM ina granthoM ke sthAna para vartamAna praznavyAkaraNasUtra kA Azraya evaM saMvara ke vivecana se yukta vaha saMskaraNa astitva meM AyA hai jo vartamAna meM hameM upalabdha hai| isa sambandha meM abhI vizeSa evaM nirNAyaka zodha kI AvazyakatA hai|
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________________ 414 60 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa sandarbha: 1. samavAyAMgasUtra, 546 / 2. isIbhAsiyAI 31 / 3. sthAnAMgasUtra, 10 / 116 / 4. samavAyAMgasUtra, 546-549 / 5. nandIsUtra, 54 / 6. tatvArthavAtika 1120 ( pRSTha 73-74) / 7. dhavalA, pustaka 1, bhAga 1, pRSTha 107-8 / 8. isibhAsiyAI, adhyAya 31 / 9. sthAnAMga, 9 sthAna / 10. isibhAsiyAI, paThamA saMgahINI gAthA, 1 / 11. samavAyAMgasUtra, 44 / 258 / 12. nandIsUtra, 54 / 13. (ka) nndiicuurnni| 13. (kha) samavAyAMgavRtti / 14. dhavalA, bhAga 1, pR0 104 / 15. samavAyAMga, 547 / 16. samavAyAMga, 547 / 17. praznavyAkaraNa jayaprAbhRta, (grantha0 228), jaina granthAvalI, pR0 355 / (a) cUr3AmaNivRtti (grantha 2300), pATana kaiTaloga bhAga 1 pR0 8 / (ba) lIlAvatI TIkA, pATana kaiTaloga bhAga 1 pR0 8 evaM inTroDakzana pR0 60 / (sa) pradarzanajyotivRtti, pATana kaiTaloga bhAga 1 pRSTha 8 evaM inTroDakzana pRSTha 60 / bRhadvRttaTippaNikA ( jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, pUnA 1925 kramAMka 560), jaina granthAvalI pR0 355, jinaratnakoza pR0 274 / 18. jinaratnakoza, pR0 274 / 19. isibhAsiyAI, adhyAya 31 / 20. praznavyAkaraNAkhyaM jayapAhaDanAma nimittazAstram 3 / 21. (a) praznavyAkaraNAkhyaM jayapAhuDanAma nimittazAstram, TIkA / 21. (ba) dhavalA, bhAga 1, pR0 107-8 / 22. dekheM-prakaraNa 14, 17, 21, 38, praznavyAkaraNAkhyaM jayapAhuDanAma nimittazAstra / 23. (a) praznavyAkaraNa vRtti (abhayadeva), prArambha / (ba) praznavyAkaraNa TokA (jJAnavimala), prArambha / 24. (a) praznavyAkaraNa vRtti (abhayadeva), prArambha / (ba) praznavyAkaraNa TokA (jJAnavimala), prArambha / 25. (a) nandIcUNi (praakRt-ttekstt-sosaayttii)| (ba) pAThAntara, nando cUNi (RSabhadeva kezarImala, rtlaam)| 26. NaMdIsutaM cUrNi, pR0 69 /