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________________ paurapATa (paravAra) anvaya-1 paM0 phUlacandra siddhAnta zAstrI rur3akI 1. jaina jAtiyoM kA prArambhika kAla bhAratavarSa agaNita jAtiyoM kA deza hai| jina dharmoM ke anuyAyiyoM ne jAtiprathA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA, unakI saMkhyA kI dRSTi se vRddhi huI hai, yaha pratyakSa hai / vastutaH jAtiprathA vaidika dharma kI dena hai / vahI eka aisA dharma hai jo 'janmanA' jAtiprathA ko mAnatA hai| jainadharma meM usakI nakala huI hai| yadyapi isa dharma meM AcAra kI dRSTi se bheda kiyA jAtA hai, para usakA sthAna janmanA jAtiprathA ne le liyA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki isa prathA ne mahAvIra ke kAla meM bhI samAja meM apanA sthAna banA liyA thaa| yadyapi mUla purANoM para dRSTipAta karane se isakA AbhAsa nahIM hotA ki mahAvIra-kAla meM jaina samAja meM jAtiprathA cAlU ho gaI thI, para unameM vaMzoM aura kuloM ke nAma Aye haiN| apekSA vizeSa ke kAraNa dharmagranthoM meM bhI kuloM aura gaNoM ke nAma milate hai| udAharaNArtha, mahAvIra kA janma 'jJAtRka' vaMza meM huA thA, isane hI vartamAna meM 'jaghariyA' nAma se eka pracalita jAti kA rUpa le liyA hai / yadyapi jaina purANoM meM pracalita jAtiyoM kA ullekha kahIM bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hotA, para usakA kAraNa anya hai| abhI taka AgamoM meM jitane bhI ullekha milate haiM, unake anusAra pUrA jaina saMgha cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta thA-muni, ApikA, zrAvaka, zrAvikA / jaina paramparA ke anasAra. isa avasapiNI yuga meM samavazaraNa kI vyavasthA itihAsAtIta kAla se hI calI A rahI hai| isameM manuSya, deva aura tiyacoM ko dharmasabhA meM baiThane ke liye bAraha kakSoM kI racanA hotI thii| usameM sabhI prakAra kI striyoM ke baiThane ke liye alaga-alaga kakSoM kI racanA ke bAvajUda bhI sabhI prakAra ke manuSyoM ke liye eka hI kakSa nizcita rahatA thaa| isa AdhAra para yaha to nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina paramparA meM tIrthakara mahAvIra ke bAda hI jAtiprathA ko sthAna mila sakA hai| isake pUrva vartamAna jAtiyoM meM se kucha rahI bhI hoM, to bhI samAja meM dhArmika dRSTi se unakA koI sthAna nahIM thaa| ____ isa paramparA meM jAtiprathA ke prArambha ke jJAna ke liye hameM dhArmika dRSTi se likhe gaye purANoM ke atirikta anya jaina sAhitya para bhI dRSTipAta karanA hogaa| isa dRSTi se, sabase pahale hamArI dRSTi samyak darzana ke paccIsa doSoM para jAtI hai / inameM samAhita ATha madoM meM kula aura jAti mada ke nAma haiN| mUla paramparA ke sabhI granthoM meM inakA niSedha pAyA jAtA hai / ratnakaraMDa zrAvakAcAra lagabhaga prathama zatAbdi kI racanA hai / isake ATha madoM meM samAhita kula-jAti madoM ke nirUpaNa se vidita hotA hai ki jenoM meM jAti-prathA isa kAla se pahale ho praviSTa ho cukI thii| kula-paramparA tA purANa kAla meM bhI pracalita thI, isaliye usakA niSedha to samajha meM AtA hai para jAtiprathA purANa kAla meM nahIM thii| isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki sambhavataH isa zabda kA artha brAhmaNAdi jAtiyoM se rahA hogaa|| karane se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jainadharma meM jina vargoM ko karma se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, unheM hI brAhmaNa dharma meM jAti zabda se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| phalasvarUpa jAtinAma aura ucca-nIca kA vyavahAra loka meM cAlU ho gyaa| jainadharma
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________________ 352 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa bhI isase achUtA nahIM raha sakA / isIliye samantabhadra ne kulamada ke sAtha jAtimada kA bhI niSedha kiyA hai| mUlAcAra ke piMDazuddhi adhikAra meM varNita AhAra sambandhI AjIvanAmaka doSa ke samAharaNa se bhI isako puSTi hotI hai / mUlAcAra aura ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra-donoM ho IsA kI prathama sadI yA isase pUrva likhe jA cuke the / isase lagatA hai ki isa kAla meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM jAtiprathA cAla hokara pradezabheda aura AcArabheda se pracalita ho cukI thii| tisaMca yoni ke hAthI, ghor3A, gau Adi vargoM ke samAna manuSya bhI aneka vargoM meM vibhakta kiye gye| eka-eka varNa ke antargata dRzyamAna aneka jAtiyAM aura upajAtiyA~ isI vyavasthA kA pariNAma hai| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki uparokta granthoM meM ullikhita jAtiyAM vartamAna meM eka-eka varNa ke bhItara pracalita aneka jAtiyA~ na hokara una varNoM ko hI jAti zabda dvArA abhihita kiyA gayA hai / isaliye vartamAna meM pracalita aneka jAtiyoM ko tattat kulagata hI mAnanA cAhiye / parantu aneka itihAsajJoM kA mata hai ki vartamAna meM pracalita jAtiyoM kI pUrvAvadhi adhika-se-adhika sAtavIM-AThavIM sadI ho sakatI hai| AcArya kSitimohana sena inameM mukhya haiN| agaracanda nAhaTA aura cintAmaNi vinAyaka vaidya kA bhI yahI mata hai| unake anusAra, IsA kI sAtavI-AThavIM (vikrama kI AThavIM) sadI taka brAhmaNa aura kSatriyoM ke samAna sAre bhArata meM vaizyoM kI eka hI jAti thii| satyaketu vidyAlaMkAra ne bhI bhAratIya itihAsa meM AThavIM sadI ko mahatvapUrNa parivartana kI sadI mAnA hai| isa kAla meM purAne maurya, pAMcAla, andhakavRSNi, bhoja Adi rAjakuloM kA lopa ho gayA aura cauhAna, rAThaura, paramAra Adi naye rAjakuloM kI zakti prakaTa huii| pUrNacandra nAhara ne bhI osavAla jAti kI sthApanA ke sambandha meM isI prakAra kA mata vyakta kiyA hai / isa prakAra jAtiprathA ke pracalita hone ke viSaya meM vibhinna vidvAnoM ke lagabhaga eka hI prakAra ke mata avazya hai, kintu 7-8vIM sadI ke pUrva varNa ho jAti zabdavAcya rahe hoM, aisA ekAnta se to nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yaha sahI hai ki brAhmaNoM ne apane varNa kI utkRSTatA mAnane ke lie pANini-kAla meM hI use karmaNA na mAnakara kara diyA thaa| isa prakAra vargoM ke sthAna para jAti zabda kA prayoga hone lagA thaa| itanA hI nahIM, 8-9vIM sadI ke pUrva pradezabheda aura AcaraNabheda bhI ina bhedoM kA kAraNa rahA ho, yaha sambhava hai| jitane hI hama pUrvakAla ko ora jAte haiM, utanA hI unameM pradeza va AcaraNa se bheda hotA huA dIkhatA hai| agravAla ne batAyA hai ki bhinna-bhinna dezoM meM basa jAne ke kAraNa brAhmaNoM ke alaga-alaga kAmoM kI prathA cala par3I thii| isI prakAra kSatriyoM ke sambandha meM bhI unhoMne kahA hai ki pahale janapadoM ke nAma unameM basane vAle kSatriyoM ke AdhAra para rakhe gaye, jaise paJcAla / bAda meM jaba janapada nAma kI pradhAnatA huI, taba janapariSad lokaprasiddha hue| pANini vyAkaraNa meM gRhastha ke liye 'gRhapati' zabda hai / maurya-zuMga yuga meM 'gRhapati' samRddha vaizya vyApAriyoM ke lie prayukta hotA thA / inhIM meM gahoI vaizya prasiddha hue| __ pataMjali ke anusAra cANDAla Adi nimna zUdra jAtiyAM prAyaH grAma, ghoSa, nagara Adi Arya bastiyoM meM ghara banAkara rahatI thiiN| para jahA~ grAma-nagara bahuta bar3e the, vahA~ unake bhItara bhI ve apane muhalloM meM rahane lage the| samAja meM sabase nIcI koTi ke zUdra the| bar3haI, luhAra, bunakara, dhobI, ayaskAra, tantuvAya Adi kI gaNanA zUdroM meM thI para ye yajJa sambandhI kucha kAryoM meM sammilita ho sakate the| lekina inake sAtha khAne-pIne ke bartanoM kI khuAchUta baratI jAtI thii| inase bhI UMcI jAti ke zUdra ve the jo nimantraNa hone para AryoM ke bartanoM meM ho khAte-pote the / ina udAharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki tIrthakara mahAvIra ke kAla meM yA usake kucha kAla bAda AjIvikA ke AdhAra para bhI jAtiyA~ banane lago thoN| tatvArthasUtra meM parigrahaparimANa ke prasaMga se kucha aise saMketa milate haiM ki karma ke AdhAra para vibhakta yaha mAnava samAja usa yuga meM nIca-U~ca ke garta meM phaMsakara kaI bhAgoM meM baMTa gayA thA / isa vrata ke atIcAroM meM
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________________ 5] paurapATa ( paravAra) anvaya - 1 353 eka dAsI dAsa pramANAtikrama bhI hai jisase spaSTa hai ki usa yuga meM dAsa prathA thI aura vratI zrAvaka ko isakI maryAdA karanA Avazyaka thA / kauTilya ne bhI dAsaprathA kA ullekha kara usase chUTane ke upAya kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai-chuTakAre ke rUpa meM nakada rupayA denA / aneka prakaraNoM se patA calatA hai ki jaina zrAvaka isa prathA ko banda karane meM sahAyaka hote rahe haiN| do hajAra varSa pUrva ke bhArata kI isa sAdhAraNa jhAMkI se spaSTa hai ki jAtiprathA kI nIva 7-8vIM sadI ke pUrva hI par3a gaI thI / jAtiprathA virodhI jainadharma apane ko isa burAI se na bacA sakA, isake kAraNa haiM / yaha spaSTa hai ki mahAvIra kAla ke bAda dhIre-dhIre vaidika dharma kA prabhutva bar3hane lagA thA aura jainadharma kA prabhAva ghaTane lagA thA / isake do kAraNa mukhya haiM - (1) jainadharma ke pracArakoM aura upadezakoM kA abhAva / pahale jJAnI dhyAnI munijana gA~va-gA~va vicara kara dharma kA sandesa jana-jana ko dete the| para kAladoSa evaM tyAgavRtti ko honatA se unakA abhAva ho gayA thA / gRhastha unakI tyAgavRtti ke bhAra ko ThIka se samhAla nahIM pAye / samAja kI dhAraNA dUsarI, upadezoM kI dUsarI / isakA mela na baiThane se jainadharmiyoM kI saMkhyA uttarottara kama hotI gaI / ( 2 ) samAja dvArA pradatta AjIvikA ke samucita sAdhanoM ke bala para brAhmaNa paNDita gA~va-gA~va basa kara vaidika dharma kI prabhAvanA meM lage rhe| isa dharma ne samAja se hI aMga banA diyA / ina donoM kAraNoM se jainAcAryoM ko jAtiprathA kA samAharaNa karane ke somadeva ke nimna zloka se yahI puSTa hotA hai : AjIvikA lenA dharma kA liye bAdhya honA par3A / isase spaSTa hai ki jainadharma meM jAtiprathA ko laukika vidhi ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH isameM isa prathA ko svIkAra karane kA koI anya kAraNa spaSTa nahIM hai / yaha adhyAtmapravaNa dharma hote hue bhI isameM AcAra kI mukhyatA hai / isa prathA ko svIkAra kara lene kA ho yaha phala hai ki hameM bAhya meM aura usake sAtha abhyantara meM dharma kI chAyA milI huI hai / kahane ke liye to isa samaya jainoM meM 84 jAtiyA~ haiM, para merI rAya meM katipaya jAtiyA~ to nAmazeSa ho gaI haiM aura katipaya aisI bhI haiM jo do hajAra varSa pUrva bhI astitva meM A cukI thiiN| isa dRSTi se hama yahA~ paurapATa anvaya para vicAra kareMge kyoMki eka to yaha pUrA anvaya digambara hai aura dUsare yaha mUlasaMgha kundakunda AmnAya ko chor3akara anya kisI bhI AmnAya ko jIvana meM svIkAra nahIM karatA / isIliye isa anvaya kA sAMgopAMga anusandhAna Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai / 2. paurapATa anya / saMgaThana ke sarva eva hi jainAnAM pramANaM laukiko vidhiH / yatra samyaktvahAnirna, yatra na vratadUSaNam // mUla AdhAra anusandhAnoM se patA calatA hai ki isa anvaya ke saMgaThana ke nimna tIna mukhya AdhAra haiM : (i) purAne jaina (ii) prAgvATa anvaya aura (ii) paravAra anvaya (i) purAne jaina vartamAna meM jo 'paravAra anvaya' kahA jAtA hai, usakA purAnA nAma 'paurapATa yA paurapaTTa' yA jo badalate 'paravAra' kyoM kahalAne lagA, isakA UhApoha svatantra lekha kA viSaya hai / mukhya prazna yaha hai ki yadi yaha anvaya mahAvIra kAla meM bhI pAyA jAtA thA, to isakA ullekha purANoM meM avazya hotA / yaha tarka ucita nahIM lagatA ki jAtimada niSedha ke kAraNa isakA nAmollekha nahIM hai kyoMki yaha takaM varNoM, vaMzoM va kuloM para bhI lAgU hotA hai / isase kevala yahI artha spaSTa hotA hai ki ye anvaya mahAvIra kAla meM nahIM rhe| yaha mAnI huI bAta hai ki mahAvIra kAla ke catuvidha saMgha meM vibhakta to jaina the, unhIM meM se viziSTa pradezoM meM rahane ke kAraNa isa yA anya anvayoM kA saMgaThana huA hogA /
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________________ 354 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa isa anvaya ke puruSoM ke mUlasaMgho hone ke kAraNa zvetapaTa-saMgha meM na jAkara mUlasaMgha meM hI rahanA svIkAra kiyA hogA evaM yaha prArambha se hI mUlasaMgha ko svIkAra karanevAlA banA rhaa| phira bhI, uttarakAla meM isane kundakundAmnAya ko hI kyoM svIkAra kiyA, isakA anUThA itihAsa hai| yaha bhI eka svatantra lekha kA viSaya hai| phira bhI, yahA~ itanA jAnanA paryApta hai ki kundakunda dakSiNa pradeza ke sapUta hokara bhI unhoMne usI paramparA kA puraskAra kiyA jo bha. mahAvIra ke se nirapavAda rUpa se calI A rahI thI aura jisako kevala paurapATa ne hI svIkAra kiyaa| vaha anya paramparA ke vyAmoha meM nahIM pdd'aa| isa paramparA ke nAmakaraNa meM "paura" zabda ke sAtha 'vATa', 'vADa' zabda na lagAkara 'pATa' yA 'paTTa' zabda lagA huA hai, usakA bhI yahI kAraNa pratIta hotA hai / isakA UhApoha Age kiyA jAyagA / pUrvokta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki isa kAla meM jitane bhI anvaya upalabdha hote haiM, ve kevala navadIkSita jainoM ke AdhAra se hI nahIM, apitu unake nirmANa meM purAne jainoM ke AcAra-vicAra ke sAtha unakA bhI sammilita honA pramukha hai / usase prabhAvita hokara hI kucha ajaina parivAroM ne purAne jainoM se milakara eka-eka naye saMgaThana kA nirmANa kiyA hogaa| AcAra bheda evaM pradeza bheda to kAraNa rahe hI hoNge| (ii) prAgvATa anvaya tathyoM ke AdhAra para yaha nirNIta hotA hai ki paurapATa anvaya ke saMgaThana kA eka mUla AdhAra prAgvATa anvaya hai| bar3oha (madhya pradeza) meM prApta jIrNazIrNa vanamandira isakA sAkSya hai| isa vanamandira ke samAna ho bundelakhaNDa ke jaMgaloM agaNita jaina maMdira evaM tIrthakara mUrtiyAM milatI hai / ye purAne jainoM ke jIvana ke utkRSTa udAharaNa haiM / ye saba jaina AcAravicAra kI purAnI saMskRti ke pratIka hai| yaha vana maMdira aneka maMdiroM kA samUha hai aura isakA pUrA nirmANa aneka varSoM meM huA hai / ye maMdira bhaTTAraka kAla kI yAda dilAte haiN| isa maMdira ke garbhagRhoM kA nirmANa prAgvATa vaMza ke bhAiyoM dvArA karAyA gayA jaisA ki isa maMdira ke eka garbhagRha kI caukhaTa para khUde lekha se spaSTa hai : kAradeva vAsala praNamati / zrI devacaMda AcArya maMtravAdin saMvata 1134 // yaha spaSTa hai ki vAsala gotra prAgvATa anvaya kI saMtAna haiM / yaha korA anumAna nahIM hai kyoMki aneka garbhagRhoM ke matilekha isake sAkSI haiM / 'bhaTTAraka saMpradAya' meM peja 172 para aMkita eka anya zilAlekha meM kahA gayA hai ki sUrata paTTa ke dvitIya bhaTTAraka prAgvATa vaMza aSTazAkhAnvaya meM utpanna hue the / ve apane kAla ke aneka rAjAoM dvArA pUjita prabhAvazAlI vidvAn the| paurapATa anvaya ke vikAsa kA anusandhAna karate samaya maiM bundelakhaNDa ke aneka gA~voM aura nagaroM meM gayA huuN| mevAr3a aura gujarAta pradeza se isa anvaya kA vikAsa huA hai, isaliye ina kSetroM meM bhI ghUmA huuN| para mere khyAla meM 'prAntija' ko chor3akara anya kisI nagara ke jinamandira apekSAkRta navIna haiN| 'prAntija' ke jinamandira meM 1136 I0 (1193 vi0) meM bhI eka zilApaTa meM utkIrNa caubIsI pAI jAtI hai| ise eka bahina ne sthApita karAyA thaa| vahA~ 1162 I0 kA eka zilAlekha bhI hai jisameM pAMca bAla brahmacArI tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| usake pAdapITha para eka lekha aMkita hai| ise yadyapi acchI taraha se nahIM par3hA jA sakA, phira bhI usase aisA lagatA hai ki yaha prAgvATa anvaya ke kisI bhAI dvArA sthApita karAyA gayA thaa| isa tIna pramANoM ke atirikta prAgvATa vaMza se ho paurapATa anvaya kA vikAsa huA hai, isa viSaya ke anya zilAlekhI poSaka pramANa yahA~ diye jA rahe haiM /
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________________ paurapATa (paravAra) anvaya-1 355 (1) miti aSADha zukla 10 vi0 causakhA poravAr3a jAtyutyanna zrI jinacaMdra hue| inakA gRhasthAvasthA kAla 24 varSa 9 mAha, dIkSAkAla 32 varSa 3 mAha, paTTastha kAla 8 varSa 9 mAha evaM viraha dina 3 rahe / pUrNAyu 65 varSa 9 mAha 9 dina / inakA paTTasthakrama 4 hai| . (2) miti Azvina zuklA 10 vi0 765 meM poravAla dvisakhA jAtyutpanna zrI anaMtavIrya muni hue| inakA gRhasthakAla 11 varSa, dIkSAkAla 13 varSa, paTTasthakAla 19 varSa 9 mAha 25 dina evaM virahakAla 10 dina rhaa| inakI pUrNAyu 43 varSa 10 mAha 5 dina kI thI / inake paTTastha hone kA krama 31 hai| (3) miti ASADha zukla 14 vi0 1256 meM aThasakhA poravAla jAtyutpanna zrI akalaMkacaMdra muni hue / inakA gRhasthAvasthAkAla 14 varSa, dIkSAkAla 33 varSa, paTTasthakAla 5 varSa 3 mAha 24 dina, aMtarAlakAla 7 dina rahA / inakI pUrNAyu 48 varSa 4 mAha 1 dina ko thI / inake paTTastha hone kA krama 73 hai / (4) miti Azvina zuklA 3 vi0 1265 meM aThasakhA poravAla jAtyutpanna zrI abhayakIti muni hue| inakA gRhasthAvasthA kAla 11 varSa 2 mAha, dokSAkAla 30 varSa, paTTasthakAla 4 mAha 10 dina aura aMtarAlakAla 7 dina kA rhaa| inakI saMpUrNa Ayu 41 varSa 11 mAha 10 dina kI thii| inakA paTTa stha-kramAMka 78 hai / ye digaMbara jaina samAja, sIkara dvArA 1974-75 meM prakAzita cAritrasAra ke anta meM prAcIna zAstrabhaMDAra se prApta eka paTTAvalI ke uparokta katipaya zilAlekha haiM / inase jJAta hotA hai ki paurapATa ankya kA bhI vikAsa purAne jainoM ke samAna prAgvATa anvaya se bhI huaa| poravAr3a yA puravAra bhI vahIM haiN| phira bhI, zrI daulata siMha loDhA aura zrI agaracaMdra nAhaTA isa tathya ko svIkAra nahIM karate / loDhA jI ne 'prAgvATa itihAsa, prathama bhAga' ke pRSTha 54 para batAyA hai: "isa jAti ke kucha prAcIna zilAlekhoM se siddha hotA hai ki paravAra zabda 'paurapATa' yA paurapaTTa' kA apabhraMza rUpa hai / 'paravAra', 'poravAla', 'puravAla' zabdoM meM varNoM kI samAnatA dekhakara binA aitihAsika evaM pramANita AdhAroM ke unako eka jAtivAcaka kaha denA nirI bhUla hai| kucha vidvAn 'paravAra' aura 'poravAla' jAti ko eka mAnate hai, paraMtu .. yaha mAnyatA bhramapUrNa hai / pUrva meM likhI gaI zAkhAoM ke varNanoM meM eka dUsare kI utpatti, kula, gotra, janma-sthAna, janazruti evaM dantakathAoM meM atizaya kSamatA hai, vaisI paravArajAti ke itihAsa meM upalabdha nahIM hai| yaha jAti samUcI digaMbara jaina hai / yaha nizcita hai ki paravAra jAti ke gotra brAhmaNajAtIya haiN| isase yaha siddha hai ki yaha jAti brAhmaNajAti se jaina banI hai| prAgvATa, poravAla, pauravAr3a kahI jAne vAlI jAti isase sarvathA bhinna hai evaM svataMtra hai| isakA utpattisthAna rAjasthAna bhI nahIM hai|" ye loDhAjI ke svataMtra vicAra haiN| saMbhavataH unheM mAlUma nahIM ki jo digaMbara jaina paristhitivaza gujarAta aura mevADa ke kucha bhAgoM meM baca gaye the, ve anta meM zvetAMvaroM meM mila gye| vikrama kI 14-15 vIM sadI taka to unakA buMdelakhaMDa meM Akara basane vAle digaMbara jainoM ke sAtha saMparka banA rahA, paraMtu bhaTTAraka devendrakIti ke buMdelakhaMDa meM A jAne ke bAda dhIre-dhIre unakA saMparka zeSa sajAtIya jainoM se chaTatA gyaa| yaha hamArI kalpanA mAtra nahIM hai / zvetAMbara vidvAna apane tad-yugIna sAhitya meM yaha svIkAra karate haiN| muni jinavijaya ne 'kumArapAla pratibodha' kI prastAvanA meM anya grantha kA ullekha dete hue batAyA hai ki zrIpurapattana meM kumudacaMdra AcArya ko zAstrArtha meM harAkara vahA~ digaMbaroM kA praveza hI niSiddha kara diyA thA (1147 I0) / galoDhA jI ne svayaM likhA hai ki karnATakavAsI vAdI kumadacaMda ko 'devasUri' ne vAda meM harA diyaa| parAsta hokara bhI unhoMne apanI kuTilatA nahIM chor3o / ve maMtrAdi kA prayogakara zvetAMbara sAdhuoM ko kaSTa pahu~cAne lge| aMta meM unako zAMta na hotA huA dekhakara devasUri ne apanI adbhuta maMtrazakti kA prayoga kiyA / ve turaMta ThikAne A gaye aura pattana chor3akara anyatra cale gaye / unhoMne eka prakaraNa meM isa sthiti kA saMketa bhI diyA hai ki vahA~
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________________ 356 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa yadi digaMbarAcArya hArege, to eka cora ke samAna unakA tiraskAra kara pattanapura se bAhara nikAla diyA jaaygaa| ke. ema0 maMzI ne bhI apane 'gujarAtano nAtha' meM isa prakaraNa kA citraNa kiyA hai| kavi vakhtAvaramala ke kathana ke anusAra, paravAroM ke eka bheda-soraThiyA ko gati bhI saMbhavataH yahI huI hogii| zvetAMbaroM meM bhUtakAla kI yaha prakRti aba bhI cAlU hai aura yadAkadA usake vikRta rUpa sunane-paDhane kI mila jAte haiN| isa samaya buMdelakhaMDa meM jo paurapATa (paravAra) anvaya ke kuMTuMba raha rahe haiM, unakA mUla nivAsa sthAna gujarAta aura mevAr3a kA prAgvATa pradeza hI hai| isameM koI saMdeha nhiiN| vahAM se unake sthAnAMtarita hone kA mUla kAraNa unakI AjIvikA nahIM hai, apitu zvetAMbara samAja aura unake sAdhuoM kA dhArmika unmAda hI hai / isake kAraNa apane AmnAya kI kI rakSA ke liye inheM usa sthAna ko chor3akara caMderI aura usake Asa-pAsa ke kSetra meM basane ke liye bAdhya honA pdd'aa| isa vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki jisa prakAra paurapATa (paravAra) anvaya meM bha0 mahAvIra ke kAla meM pAye jAne vAle purAne jainoM ko lona karake isa anvaya ko mUrtarUpa diyA gayA thA, usI prakAra uttarakAla meM prAgvATa anvaya ko lekara bhI isa anvaya kA saMgaThana huA hai| isake atirikta, aneka tathyoM se jJAta hotA hai ki isa anvaya ke nirmANa meM mukhyataH paramAra vaMza kA bhI bar3A yogadAna hai| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki prAgvATa anvaya kA vikAsa bhI paramAra vaMza se hI huA hai, to bhI koI Apatti nhiiN| prAgvATa itihAsa para dRSTi DAlane se patA calatA hai ki isakA saMgaThana paramAra kSatriyoM ke aneka upabhedoM ko lekara haA thaa| aneka kSatriya evaM vrAhmaNa kuloM meM se unheM prAgvATa anvaya meM dIkSita kiyA gayA hai| isaliye yahA~ yaha vicAraNIya ho jAtA hai ki ye kSatriya kula pahale kisa anvaya ko mAnane vAle the| pramANoM ke prakAza meM vicAra karane para aisA lagatA hai ki ve paramAra anvaya ke kSatriya hone cAhiye / isakI puSTi aneka paTTAvaliyoM se bhI hotI hai / 'gujarAtano nAtha' meM kIrtideva nAmaka yuvaka kA jikra AyA hai| yaha pATana mahAmAtya 'muMjAla prAgvATa' kA patra thaa| ise usake mAmA sajjana mehatA ne usakI rakSA ke abhiprAya se una dinoM yAtrA para Aye hue avaMtI ke senApati 'uvaka paramAra' ko sauMpa diyA thaa| isa ghaTanA se prAgvATa anvaya ke vikAsa meM paramAroM ke yogadAna kA patA lagatA hai| sva0 paM0 jhammanalAla jI tarkatIrtha ne 'lamecU di0 jaina samAja kA itihAsa' ke pRSTha 38 para sUrIpura (u0 pra0) se prApta paTTAvalI ke AdhAra se likhA hai : "pramAra (paramAra) vaMza meM rAjA vikrama hue| unakA saMvat cAlU hai / unake nAtI (potA) gupti gupta muni the| jinhoMne sahasra paravAra thApe / guptigupta paramAra jAti kSatriya vaMza meM vikrama saMvat 26 meM hue haiN| yaha candragupta rAjA kA vaMza hotA hai-vaha bhI yaduvaMza ho hai|" pUrva ullikhita cAritrasAra ke pariziSTa meM nAgaura ke zAstrabhaMDAra se prApta eka paTTAvalI mudrita hai| isameM paTTadhara AcArya guptigupta ke viSaya meM likhA hai-zrI mitI phAlguna zukla 14 vikrama saMvat 26, jAti rAjapUta pavArotpanna zrI guptigupta hue / inakA gRhasthAvasthAkAla 22 varSa, dIkSAkAla 24 varSa, paTTasthakAla 9 varSa 6 mAha 25 dina evaM viraha kAla 5 dina rahA / inako sapUrNa Ayu 65 varSa 7 dina kI thii| ___ DA. harIndrabhUSaNajI ke vizeSa anurodha para paM0 mUlacaMdra zAstrI ujjaina ne mujhe eka paTTAvalI bhejI thii| usameM munijana aura bhaTTArakoM kI digaMbara paTTAvalI hai| usameM sarvaprathama bhadrabAhu dvitIya (brAhmaNa) kA vizeSa paricaya dene ke bAda kramAMka 2 para paTTadhara AcArya guptigupta kI jAti paravAra kahate hue uparokta nAgauro paTTAvalI ke anusAra hI paricaya diyA gayA hai|
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________________ paurapATa ( paravAra ) anvaya - 1 357 uparokta paTTAvaliyoM meM se pahalI aura dUsarI paTTAvalI meM guptigupta ko pramAra yA paMvAra svIkAra kiyA hai / pahalI paTTAvalI meM unake dvArA 'paravAra anvaya' meM eka hajAra ghara dIkSita karane kI bAta kahI gaI hai| isase yaha to spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki unhoMne svayaM 'paravAra' anvaya meM dIkSita hone ke bAda muni avasthA meM anya kuTuMboM ke zrAvaka kuloM ko isa anya meM dIkSita kiyA hogA / isa ghaTanA se aisA lagatA hai ki adhikatara ye kuMTuMba paramAra kSatriya ho hone cAhiye kyoMki inake guru paramAra vaMza ke hI the / yadyapi prAgvATa itihAsa kA bArIkI se adhyayana karane para yahI siddha hotA hai ki prAgvATa anvaya kA saMghaTana aneka brAhmaNa kuloM, solaMkI kuloM, kuloM se kiyA gayA hai, para mUla meM ye saba kSatriya kula paramAra huA hai| cauhAna kuloM, gahalota kuloM, paramAra kuloM aura boharA rAjapUta hI the / unakA alaga-alaga nAmakaraNa bAda meM 5] isa samaya paravAroM ke aneka kuMTuMba 'pAMDe' kahalAte haiN| bahuta saMbhava hai ki ve brAhmaNa kuloM se 'paurapATa' anvaya meM dokSita hue hoM / paTTadhara AcAryoM meM bhI aneka AcArya brAhmaNa rahe haiM / svayaM gautama gaNadhara bhI brAhmaNa kula ke the / nAgauro paTTAvalI meM bhadrabAhu 2 ko brAhmaNa kahA hI gayA hai / isaliye saMbhava hai ki unake sAtha aneka brAhmaNa kula jainadharma meM dIkSita hue hoM / jabalapura, ma0pra0 se prakAzita hone vAle 'paravAra bandhu' mAsika ( aba banda) ke maI-jUna, 1940 ke aMka meM sva0 zrI nAthU rAma jo premI ne paramAra kSatriyoM se paravAra jAti ke vikAsa kI bAta kA niSedha karate hue kahA hai ki 'paramAra ' se 'paMvAra' to ThIka apabhraMza hai, para yaha 'paravAra' nahIM ho sakatA / isaliye 'paravAra' zuddha zabda 'pallIvAla, osavAla, jaisavAla" jaisA hI hai aura usameM nagara evaM sthAna kA saMketa sammilita hai| yadi premI jI ne isa tathya para anusaMdhAna kiyA hotA ki kaI zatAbdiyoM se pracalita 'paravAra anvaya' pahale kisa nAma se saMbodhita kiyA jAtA thA, 'paravAra' zabda kisa mUla zabda kA apabhraSTa rUpa hai, to zAyada unakA yaha maMtavya kucha bhinna hI hotA / yaha to hama mAnate hI haiM ki isa anvaya kA mUla nAma 'paravAra' nahIM thA / premIjI bhI yaha mAnate haiM / unhoMne atizaya kSetra pacarAI ke zAMtinAtha ke mandira ke 1065 I0 ke zilAlekha dene ke bAda 'paurapATa' yA 'paurapaTTa' anvaya ke tona lekha aura apane lekha meM diye haiM / anta meM unhoMne likhA hai, 'isase spaSTa mAlUma hotA hai ki ina lekhoM meM 'paurapaTTa yA paurapATa' zabda 'paravAroM' ke live 'AyA hai| isakI puSTi meM unhoMne aura bhI pramANa diye haiM / premojI ke ina pramANoM se yaha to spaSTa hotA hI hai ki isa anvaya kA mUla nAma 'paravAra' na hokara 'paurapATa' yA 'porapaTTa' ho thA / ataH yaha unako kalpanA hI hai ki paramAra kSatriya kuloM se paravAra anvaya kA vikAsa nahIM huA / yaha sahI hai ki kisI anvaya ko nayA nAma dete samaya jaise grAma, nagara Adi kA khyAla rakhA jAtA hai, vaise hI usa pradeza kA bhI khyAla rakhA hogA jisameM 'prAgvATa' anvaya kA saMgaThana huA thA / 'prAgvATa itihAsa' ke anusAra, zrImAlapura ke pUrvavATa (pUrvabhAga) meM jo brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya basate the, unameM se 90,000 strI-puruSoM ne jainadharma kI dIkSA aMgIkAra kii| ve nagara meM pUrvabhAga meM rahate the, ataH unheM 'prAgvATa' nAma se prasiddha kiyA gayA / nemicandrasUri kRta mahAvIra caritra kI prazasti meM bhI isa anvaya kI prasiddhi kA yahI kAraNa batAyA gayA hai / isake viparyAsa meM, zrI gaurIzaMkara hIrAcandra ojhA kA mata hai ki zabdoM kI utpatti huI hai / 'purA zabda mevAr3a ke 'pura' jile kA sUtraka haiM / mevAr3a ke liye prAgvATa milatA hai / unake isa mata se to aisA lagatA hai ki mevAr3a meM 'pura' nAmaka koI jilA isa nAma ko AdhAra banAkara yA mevAr3a ke amuka bhAga ke 'prAgvATa' nAma ke AdhAra para / ( maMDala ) thA usa kSetra yA 45 'pura' zabda se 'puravADa' aura 'pauravADa' zabda bhI likhA isaliye yA to pradeza meM basane
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________________ 358 50 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa vAle brAhmaNa-kSatriya kuloM ko milA kara isa pauravAr3a (prAgvATa) anvaya kA saMgaThana huA hai| isa anvaya ke do nAma hone kA kAraNa bhI yahI pratIta hotA hai| isa vivecana se nimna tathya spaSTa hote haiM : (i) prAgvATa yA pauravAr3a kA saMgaThana jina brAhmaNa-kSatriyoM ke kuloM ko milA kara huA hai, unameM paramAra kSatriyoM kA pramukha sthAna thA / (ii) prAcIna paTTAvaliyoM meM paTTadhara AcArya guptigupta ke 'pavAra yA pramAra' anvaya kA artha paurapATa (paravAra) anvaya hI hai| ujjaina se prApta paTTAvalI to unheM spaSTataH 'paravAra' batAtI haiM / (i) sUrIpura paTTAvalI ke anusAra, inhIM paTTadhara AcArya guptigupta ke dvArA eka hajAra paravAra kuTumboM kI sthApanA kA ullekha yathArtha hai| ___kucha purAtattvajJa ina paTTAvaliyoM kI prAmANikatA meM zaMkA karate haiN| yaha samIcIna nahIM hai| prAcIna AcArya vItarAga hote the, ve apane kUla aura jAti ke viSaya meM mauna rahate the| prayojanavaza hI unhoMne prathamAnayoga ke granthoM meM varNa kala evaM vaMzoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| jaba zvetAmbaroM ne apane sampradAya kI zreSThatA ke lie ina anvayoM ke prati pakSapAtI rukha apanAyA, taba bhaTTArakoM ne bhI purAnI anubhUtiyoM ke AdhAra para paTTAvaliyoM kA saMkalana prArambha kiyaa| inameM ullikhita jAtiyoM kA mUla ye anuzrutiyAM hI hai| inheM aprAmANika mAnanA bhUla hogii| pUrva-uddharita nAgaura paTAvalI meM paTTadhara gaptigupta ke atirikta kramAMka 4,33, 73 va 78 para pauravAr3a jAtIya cAra paTTadharoM kA vivaraNa diyA hai| yahI hamAre hamAre gauravapUrNa itihAsa ke srota hai / na to sIkara aura na nAgaura hI bandelakhaNDa meM hai| pUrva-ullikhita paTTAvaliyoM kA saMkalana bhI bundelakhaNDa ke bhaTTAraka yA AcArya ne nahIM kiyA hai| phira bhI, unameM AcAryoM ke jAti kha h| isI se ina paTTAvaliyoM kI prAmANikatA siddha hotI hai| ina paTTAvaliyoM kA milAna zubha dhanda 1 ko gurvAvalo se bhI hotA hai-ekAdha krama meM kucha antara hai| (iv) paurapATa yA pauravAr3a anvaya ke zrAvaka kula mUla meM bundelakhaNDa ke nivAsI na hokara mevAr3a aura jarAta se paristhitivaza idhara Akara canderI ko kendra banAkara basate gye| isa anvaya ke zrAvakoM kA jaMgalI pahADI yA grAmINa kSetroM meM nahIM pAye jAne kA bhI yahI kAraNa hai ki ve isa kSetra ke mUla nivAsI nahIM hai / (v) nandisaMgha balAtkAra gaNa sarasvatI gaccha kI 'mahAvIra kI AcArya paramparA' grantha meM mudrita paTTAvalI meM gatigupta ke tIna nAma batAye haiM-ahaMdvali, vizAkhAcArya aura guptigupta 1 inhoMne nimna cAra saMgha sthApita kiye : 1. nandi saMgha nandivRkSamUla se varSA yoga mAghanandi 2. vRSabha saMgha tRNa tala varSA yoga jinasena vRSabha 3. siMha saMgha siMha guptA meM varSA yoga 4. deva saMgha devadattA vezyA kI nagarI meM varNa yoga naMdisaMgha meM hI AcArya dharasena kA krama AtA hai| vastutaH guptigupta ne hI dharasena aura puSpadanta-bhUtavali saMyoga karAkara zrunarakSA kA AdhAra bnaayaa| 3. paurapATa (paravAra) anvatra ke saMgaThana kA sthAna pUrvokta aitihAsika tathya prakaTa karate haiM ki isa anvaya kA saMgaThana pradeza kI apekSA 'prAgvATa' pradeza meM tathA nAmAntara 'pauravAr3a yA paurapATa' ko kAraNa isa pradeza ke antargata puramaNDala meM huA hai| ataH yaha Avazyaka hai ki prAgvATa pradeza aura usake puramaNDala sthAnoM ke viSaya meM UhApoha kreN|
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________________ paurapATa (paravAra) anvaya-1 359 'prAgvATa itihAsa' meM loDhA ne likhA hai ki vartamAna sirohI rAjya, pAlanapura rAjya kA uttara-pazcima bhAga, gaur3avADa (girivAr3a) tathA merapATa pradeza kA kumbhalagaDha aura puramaNDala taka kA bhAga kabhI prAgvATa pradeza ke nAma se khyAta rahA hai| yaha pradeza prAgvATa kyoM kahalAyA, isa prazna para Aja taka vicAra nahIM kiyA gyaa| yadi kisI ne vicAra kiyA bhI ho, to vaha prakAza meM nahIM aayaa| unake anusAra, 'ukta prAgvATa pradeza arbudAMcala kA ThIka pUrvabhAga athavA pUrvavATa samajhanA cAhie / zrImAlapura ke pUrvabATa meM basane ke kAraNa jaise vahA~ ke jaina banane vAle kula apane bATa ke adhyakSa kA netRtva svIkAra karake unake 'prAgvATa' pada nAma ke anukUla sabhI prAgvATa kahalAye, isI dRSTi se AcAryazrI ne bhI padmAvatI meM abala pradeza ke pUrvavATa kSetra kI jo pATa nagarI thI, usameM jaina banane vAle kuloM ko bhI prAgvATa nAma hI diyA hai| vaise artha meM bhI antara nahIM pdd'taa| pUrvavAr3a kA saMskRta rUpa parvavATa hai| aura pUrvavATa kA' 'prAcyAM vATo iti prAgvATa' paryAyavAcI zabda hI to hai| padmAvatI nareza ko adhIzvaratA ke kAraNa tathA padmAvatI meM jaina bane bRhat prAgvATa zrAvakavarga kI prabhAvazIlatA ke kAraNa tathA Na vRddhigata prAgvATa paramparA ke kAraNa yaha pradeza hI pUrvavATa se prAgvATa nAmadhArI huA ho|| uparokta anumAnoM se yaha Azaya grahaNa karanA samacita lagatA hai ki arvalI parvata kA pUrvabhAga (jise maiMne pUrvavATa likhA hai) una varSoM meM adhika prasiddhi meM aayaa| taba usakA koI nAma avazya hI diyA gayA hogaa| prAgvATa dhAvaka varga ke pIche hI ukta pradeza sambhavataH prAgvATa kahalAyA ho| yadi yaha nahIM bhI mAnA jAya, to bhI itanA to svIkAra karanA hI par3egA ki prAgvATa zrAvaka varga kI utpatti aura mUla vikAsa ke kAraNoM kA tathA dhIre-dhIre unakI vistArita paramparA kI prabhAvazIlatA tathA pramukhatA kA isa pradeza ke prAgvATa nAmakaraNa para atyadhika prabhAva rahA hai| Aja bhI prAgvATa jAti adhikAMzataH isa bhAga meM basatI hai aura gurjara, saurASTra, se aura mAlavA tathA saMyukta pradeza meM isakI jo zAkhAyeM grAmoM meM thor3e kucha antara se basatI hai, ve isI bhUbhAga se gaI huI hai / aisA ve bhI mAnatI hai| loDhA ne svayaM ke uparokta vicAroM ke sAtha apane grantha ke pAdaTippaNa meM anya purAtattvavidoM ke bhI nimna vicAra diye hai : (1) vartamAna meM gaur3avAr3a, sirohI rAjya ke bhAga kA nAma kabhI prAgvATa pradeza rahA thA / (sva0 agaracandra naahttaa)| (2) arbuda parvata se lekara gaur3avAr3a taka ke lambe prAnta kA nAma pahale prAgvATa thA (munizrI jinavijaya) / isase unake Azraya meM jAkara maiMne bhI unase carcA kI hai aura unhoMne mujhase bhI apanA yahI mata vyakta kiyaa| isa prasaMga meM hama gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda ojhAjI kA mata pahale hI vyakta kara cuke haiN| unhoMne, isake atirikta apane 'rAjapUtAnA kA itihAsa-1' grantha meM likhA hai," karamavela (jabalapura ke nikaTa) ke eka vizAla lekha meM prasaMgavazAt mevAr3a ke guhilavaMzI rAjA haMsapAla, vairisiMha aura vijayasiMha kA varNana AyA hai jisameM unako prAgvATa kA rAjA kahA hai / ataeva prAgvATa mevAr3a kA hI nAma honA cAhiye / saMskRta zilAlekhoM tathA pustakoM meM 'mevAr3a' mahAjanoM ke liye 'prAgvATa' nAma kA prayoga milatA hai aura ve loga apanA nivAsa mevAr3a ke 'pura' nAmaka kasbe se batAte haiN| isase sambhava hai ki prAgvATa deza ke nAma para ve apane ko prAgvATa vaMzI kahate rahe hoN|" prAgvATa itihAsa-1" meM zrImAlapura meM basane vAlI jAtiyoM kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki isa nagarI meM basanevAle jo 'dhanotkaTA' the, ve dhanotkaTA zrAvaka khlaaye| unameM jo kama zrImanta the, ve zrImAla zrAvaka kahalAye aura jo pUrvavATa meM rahate the, ve prAgvATa zrAvaka khlaaye| vikrama 1236 (1179 I0) meM nemicandra sUri kRta "mahAvIra caritra' prazasti meM eka zloka AyA hai jisakA nimna artha hai :
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________________ 360 paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa "pUrva dizA ke usa bhAga meM jo prathama puruSa adhyakSa ke nimitta banA, usI nAma (prAgvATa) se eka sthala banAyA gayA / uttarakAla meM usakI jo santAna huI, ve lakSmIsampanna thIM aura ve 'prAgvATa' nAma se prasiddha huii|" _ 'jAtibhAskara' (beMkaTezvara priMnTiga presa, bambaI) ke pRSTa 263 para likhA hai," purAvAla gujarAta ke poravA (porabandara) ke pAsa hone se ye purAvAla kahakara prasiddha hue haiN| isa samaya lalitapura, jhAMsI, kAnapura, AgarA, hamIrapura, bAMdA jiloM meM isa jAti ke bahuta se loga rahate haiN| ve yajJopavIta dhAraNa nahIM karate / zrImAlI brAhmaNa inakA paurohitya karate haiM / ahamadAbAda ke vikhyAta dhanI zrI bhAgUbhAI purovAla vaMzotpanna hai / DA0 vilAsa e0 saMgave ne apane pI0 eca0 DI0 zodhaprabandha 'sAmAjika sarvekSaNa' meM kisa anvaya kA kisa nagara Adi meM saMgaThana huA, isakI sUcI dI hai| usameM batAyA hai ki 'paravAra' anvaya kA saMgaThana 'pArAnagara' meM aura pauravAra anvaya kA saMgaThana poravA nagara meM huA hai| uparokta dasa uddharaNoM meM se kaI to prAgvATa pradeza kI sImA meM puramaNDala ko sammilita karate hai aura kaI nahIM bhii| isameM eka mata yaha bhI hai ki gujarAta ke porabandara ke samIpa jo 'poravA gA~va hai, usako mAdhyama banAkara isa anvaya kA gaThana huA hai| antima mata yaha hai ki pArAnagara meM paravAra anvaya kA saMgaThana haa| ina cAra matoM para daSTi DAlane se yaha tathya phalita hotA hai ki prArabATa pradeza se lekara porabandara taka kA pradeza isa anvaya ke saMgaThana kA sthAna honA caahie| porabandara nAma bhI samudrI taTa ke yAtAyAta ke sAdhanarUpa se prayukta hone ke kAraNa par3A pratIta hotA hai / yaha avazya hai ki prAgvATa pradeza kI mukhyatA hone se sarvaprathama isa anvaya kA saMgaThana 'prAgvATa' nAma se hI huA hogaa| sAtha hI, puramaNDala meM rahane vAle kSatriya kuloM kI vizeSatA hone se prAgvATa anvaya ko 'paurapATa' yA 'poravADa' nAma se bhI sambodhita karate hoMge / bAda meM prAgvATa nAma lupta ho gayA aura poravAr3a nAma prasiddhi meM AyA hogaa| kintu isa anvaya ke saMgaThana kA samaya prathama zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kA kAla honA cAhiye kyoMki tabataka saMgha bheda na hone se sabhI eka hI AmnAya ke mAnane vAle hoMge aura prAgvATa kuloM meM koI bheda nahIM rahA hogaa| parantu bhadrabAha ke kAla meM saMghabheda ho jAne ke kAraNa jo purAne AmnAya ke anusAra cale, ve mUlasaMghI kahalAye aura jinhoMne vastrapAtra ko svIkAra kiyA, ve zvetapaTa kahalAye / digambara AmnAya ko mAnanevAle hI mUlasaMghI haiN| ____ isa prakAra prAgvATa anvaya ke saMgaThana kA sthAna nirNIta hone ke bAda yaha anvaya do bhAgoM meM kaba vibhakta haA, isake kAraNa kA bhI patA laga jAtA hai| yaha nizcita hai ki AcArya bhadrabAhu ke kAla meM hI yaha vibhakta haA, kintu mUlasaMgha kA seharA kevala poravATa anvaya ke sira para badhA, yaha hama nahIM kaha sakate / phira bhI, dUsare saMgha kA nAma zvetapaTa saMgha huaa| uttarAdhyayana meM kezI-gautama samvAda kI jo kathA AtI hai, usakA prayojana yahI pratIta hotA hai ki zvetapaTa saMgha apane ko pArzvanAtha-saMtAnIya ghoSita kara prAcIna khe| parantu yaha zvetAmbara zAstroM se hI spaSTa hai ki sabhI tIrthakara vastrAlaMkAra tyAga munidharma meM dIkSita hue| aisI sthiti meM apane anuyAyI ziSyoM ko unhoMne aMzataH vastra rakhakara munidharma meM dIkSita hone kI svIkRti kaise dI hogI kyoMki vastra bhI to rAga kA pratIka hai aura nirvANa meM bAdhaka hai| isa prakAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki mUla zrIsaMgha vibhakta hone ke bAda prAgvATa anvaya bhI do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gayA-mUlasaMgha to pUrvavat digambara ho rahA, vibhakta hue parivAra zvetapaTa kahalAye bahutoM ne kAlAntara meM ajaina sampradAya ko bhI svIkAra kiyA / aise bahutere pauravAr3a parivAra haiM jinhoMne jainadharma ko dUra se hI namaskAra kara liyA hai / vartamAna meM prAgvATa anvaya ke nau bheda pAye jAte haiM : (1) paurapATa yA paurapaTTa anvaya, (2) sauraThiyA pauravAla, (3) kapolA pauravAla, (4) padmAvatI poravAla, (5) gurjara pauravAla, (6) jAMgar3A pauravAr3a, (7) mevAr3o aura malakApurI pauravAr3a, (8) mAravAr3I poravAla aura (9) puravAra / yahAM paurapATa yA paurapaTTa anvaya mukhyataH anusaMgheya hai / yaha nizcita
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________________ 5] pauravATa (paravAra) anvaya - 1 361 hai ki prAravATa anvaya hI 'pauravAr3a' anvaya ke nAma se prasiddha huA / ise paurapaTTa yA paurapATa kyoM kahA jAtA hai / isa prazna kA samyak samAdhAna apekSita hai / prAgvATa ke sthAna para pIravAr3a kahane kA to yaha kAraNa hai ki prAgvATa pradeza ke antargata 'puramaNDala' kI mukhyatA se yA 'porabandara' ke 'poravA' nagara kI mukhyatA se isa anvaya ko 'paura' zabda se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai / isa anvaya ke 'paura' zabda ke sAtha 'vAr3a' zabda lagAne ke aneka kAraNa ho sakate haiM kyoMki 'vAr3a' zabda kA eka artha 'vATa' bhI hotA hai, dUsare vArI kAMTe Adi se kI jAne vAlI surakSA-paridhi ko bhI 'vAr3a' kahA jAtA hai| tIsarA artha paridhi ke bhItara kA sthAna bhI hotA hai / inameM se koI bhI arthaM liyA jA sakatA hai| isase pauravAr3a zabda kA svayaM hI yaha artha phalita hotA hai ki prAgvATa pradeza ke antargata 'puramaNDala' yA 'poravA' nagara kI sImA ke kAraNa isa anvaya ko 'pauravAr3a' yA 'paurapATa' kahA gayA hai / jo loga yaha mAnate haiM ki zrImAla ke pUrva meM nivAsa karanevAle jo kuTumba jainadharma meM dIkSita hue, unheM "paurabAr3a" kahA jAtA hai, unheM ojhAjI ThIka nahIM mAnate / isapara unhoMne apane grantha meM prakAza DAlA hai / isase hama jAnate haiM ki prAgvATa, pauravAr3a kaise hue ? kintu 'paravAra' anvaya ko pauravATa yA paurapaTTa kaise kahA gayA, yaha vicAraNIya hai / 4. porapATa yA paurapaTTa nAmakaraNa kA AdhAra yaha to sunizcita hai ki vyAkaraNAnusAra, 'vAr3a' zabda se 'vATa' to bana jAtA hai, narantu 'pATa' zabda kI niSpatti saMgata nahIM hai / isaliye 'paurapATa' yA 'paurapaTTa' zabda dUsare artha meM niSpanna honA cAhiye / yaha to hamane kahA hI hai ki vartamAna paravAra anvaya ko pratimA lekhoM Adi meM 'paurapATa' yA 'paurapaTTa' nAma se ullikhita kiyA gayA hai / pramANasvarUpa, 'sADhorA' nagara ke jinamandira ko eka pratimA (pArzvanAtha) ke pAdapITha meM aMkita kiye gaye eka lekha ko hama yahA~ uddhRta kara rahe haiM : saMvat 610 varSe mAgha sudi 22 mUlasaMghe paurapATAnvaye pATanapura saMghaI." / yaha mUrti isa samaya bhI sADhaurA ke mandira meM mUlavedI ke bagala ke kamare meM eka vedI para virAjamAna hai / purAne samaya meM sADhaurA nagara dillI se gujarAta aura mahArASTra jAnevAle mArga para basA huA hai / yaha una dinoM senAoM kA par3Ava sthala rahatA thA / yahA~ kI TakasAla se 'sADhaurA' sikkA calAyA jAtA hai / yaha sambhava hai ki gujarAta ke pATana se AnevAle saudAgaroM ne isa jinabimba ko lAkara yahA~ virAjamAna kiyA yA jAte samaya kisI kAraNa chUTa gayA ho / isa anvaya kA dUsarA nAma paurapaTTa bhI rahA hai / vastutaH paurapaTTa se hI porapATa niSpanna huA hai / yaha vyAkaraNa sammata bhI hai / yadyapi isakA poSaka hameM bahuta purAnA lekha to nahIM milA haiM, phira bhI mUrtilekhoM Adi meM ye donoM zabda calate rahe haiM jaisA ki nimna lekha se spaSTa hai : sambat 1512 canderI maNDalAcAryAnvaye bha0 zrI devendra kIrtidevAH tribhuvana kIrtidevA paurapaTTAnvaye aSTAsakhe ''" / ina lekhoM meM paravAra anvaya ko yA to 'paurapATa' kahA gayA hai yA 'paurapaTTa' kahA gayA hai / yadyapi yaha prazna upasthita ho sakatA hai ki ina donoM se paravAra anvaya kA artha ho kaise samajhA jAve ? isake samAdhAnasvarUpa hama yahA~ aisA pratimAlekha upasthita kara rahe haiM jinase yaha niSkarSa samajhane meM saralatA hogI : samvat 1503 varSe mAgha sudI 9 budhau (dhe) mUlasaMghe bhaTTAraka zrI padmanandideva ziSya devendrakIti paurapATa aSTasakhA AmnAya saM0 thaNaU bhAryA pu tatputra saM0 kAli bhAryA AmiNDi tatputra saM 0 jaisiMdha bhAryA mahIsiri tatputra saM0 / isase spaSTa hai ki jise hama pahale 'paurapATa, paurapaTTa' kaha Aye haiM, vaha paravAra ko chor3akara anya anvaya nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki aThasakhA, causakhA Adi bheda isI anvaya meM pAye jAte haiM / aba yaha vicAraNIya hai ki isa anvaya ko 'poravAr3a' yA 'puravAra' na kahakara 'paurapATa yA paurapaTTa' kyoM kahA gayA hai /
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________________ 362 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa zrI loDhA jI ne apane grantha meM yaha spaSTa svIkAra kiyA hai ki 'paurapATa yA paurapaTTa' (paravAra) anvaya ko mAnane vAle mAtra digambara jaina hI pAye jAte hai| isa ullekha se yaha jAna par3atA hai ki isa anvaya ke nAmakaraNa meM yaha dhyAna rakhA gayA hai ki usase digambaratva kI mUlasaMgha paramparA kA bhI bodha ho! 'paurapATa yA paurapaTTa' zabda do zabdoM ke mela se banA hai : paura + pATa yA paTTa / paura zabda pura zabda se bhI banA ho sakatA hai, poravA se bhI banA ho sakatA hai tathA purA zabda se bhI banA ho sakatA hai| 'pUra' yA poravA' sthAna vizeSa ko sUcita karatA hai aura 'purA' zabda prAcInatA sUcaka hai| yaha anvaya ke saMgaThana kartAoM ne isake nAmakaraNa meM ina donoM hI bAtoM kA dhyAna rakhA hai| saMgave ke ullekha se yaha to nahIM mAlUma par3atA ki isa anvaya kA mUla sthAna pArAnagara kahA~ hai / para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha to poravA nagara hai yA puramaNDala hI hai / yahA~ yaha prazna kiyA jAtA hai ki bundelakhaNDa meM basA huA yaha anvaya prAgvATa aura usase lage hue porabandara taka ke pradeza kA mUla nivAsI hai, yaha kaise mAnA jAya ? isakA eka samAdhAna to yahI hai ki jaba anvaya kA mUla sthAna ye hI kSetra hai, to usake loga anyatra kahA~ se A sakate haiM ? dUsare, bha0 devendra kIti (jinhoMne bundelakhaNDa meM paravAra bhaTTAraka pada sthApita kiyA) mUla meM gujarAta ke nivAsI evaM paravAra the| itanA hI unhoMne svayaM sUrata ke pAsa gAndhAra meM mUlasaMgha kaMdakaMda AmnAya kA bhaTTArakapaTa sthApita kiyA, svayaM usake prathama bhaTrAraka bane aura vahAM apane sthAna para eka paravAra bAlaka vidyAnandi ko bhaTrAraka ke rUpa meM sthApita kara svayaM caMderI meM Akara paravAra bhaTTAraka paTTa kI sthApanA kara svayaM usake prathama bhaTTAraka bane / gujarAta aura usake Asa-pAsa ke prAgvATa pradeza kA bundelakhaNDa ke sAtha nikaTa kA sambandha rahA hai / isakA udAharaNa baDoha kA jinamandira hai| vahA~ prAgvATa anvaya ke aneka garbhagRhoM meM eka vAsalla gotrIya prAgvATa parivAra kA ke madhyavartI jinAlaya meM bha0 zAntinAtha kI eka khaDagAsana pratimA hai| yahI eka aisA mandira hai jo yaha prakhyApita karatA hai ki prAgvATa anvaya ke zrAvaka kula hI uttara kAla meM 'paravAra' nAma se prasiddha hue| padA ke prArambha meM hue zrI jina tAraNa-taraNa ne 14 granthoM meM se eka 'nAmamAlA' bhI racA hai| isameM aise puruSoM ke bhI nAma Aye haiM jo zrI tAraNa-taraNa se samparka sAdhakara gujarAta-prAgvATa pradeza se calakara bundelakhaNDa meM Aye aura aneka yahIM basa gye| isI sambandha meM 'jAti bhAskara' kA uddharaNa pahale hI diyA jA cukA hai| isI prakAra, rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura se 1962 meM prakAzita zAha bakhatarAma kI aitihAsika pustaka 'buddhivilAsa' meM pRSTha 86 para paravAra anvaya ko 'puravAra' likhA hai| ina pramANoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki paravAra anvaya ke zrAvaka kula porabandara taka ke prAgvATa-mevAr3a pradeza ke mUlavAsI haiM aura ve prAgvATa yA pauravAr3a hI hai| phira bhI, unako pauravAr3a yA puravAra na kahakara paravAra, paurapATa, paurapaTTa ke nAma se kyoM abhihita kiyA gayA? usake pIche koI hetu to honA hI cAhiye / mere vicAra se isakA kAraNa sAMskRtika hI pratIta hotA hai| zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ke rAjyAzraya se zvetAmbara zrAvaka kuloM kA prabhAva bar3hane lagA aura mula digambara zrAvaka kuloM kA prabhAva ghaTane lgaa| yahIM nahIM, digambaroM kA apamAna bhI hone lagA, taba unheM vivaza hokara apanI AmnAya kI rakSA ke liye dhIre-dhIre vahAM se nikalakara bundelakhaNDa meM zaraNa lene ke liye bAdhya honA pdd'aa| isa sthiti meM jo digambara kula gujarAta evaM prAgvATa meM zeSa raha gaye hoMge, unhoMne zvetAmbara paramparA svIkAra kara lI hogii| paravAra anvaya kI loka-prasiddha sAta khA~ hai, unameM soraThiyA aura jA~gar3a kuloM kA yahI hAla huA hogA, yaha nizcita hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki isake nAmakaraNa meM prAgvATa yA pauravAr3a zabda kA prayoga na kara ise 'paurapaTTa yA paurapATa' kahA gayA hai| ina paurapAToM ne bundelakhaNDa meM bhI apanA AmnAya surakSita rakhA kyoMki abataka prApta merI jAnakArI ke pratimA lekhoM meM koI bhI aisA nahIM milA hai jisameM isa kula zrAvakoM ne mUlasaMgha kuMdakuMda AmnAya ke antargata balAtkAragaNa aura sarasvatI gaccha ko chor3akara anya AmnAya grahaNa kiyA ho| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha samUcA
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________________ 5] pauravATa (paravAra ) anvaya - 1 paurapATa anvaya sadA se apane saMgaThana ke mUla kAla se 'mUlasaMgha kuMdakuMda AmnAya ko mAnane vAlA rahA hai / isa kathana meM koI atyukti nahIM hai ki isa anvaya ne hI isa AmnAya ko jIvita rakhA hai / isIliye sAta-ATha sau varSa pUrva ke candrakIrti nAmaka muni yA bhaTTAraka ne mUlasaMgha kA upahAsa kiyA haiM / ye 12-13vIM sadI meM hue haiM aura sambhavataH kASThAsaMghI mUla gayA pAtAla, mUla na mane na dIse / mUlahi sad vrata bhaMga, kima mUla piThAM paravAra, tene zrAvaka yativara dharma, teha kima AvI ADho || sakala zAstra likhatAM, yaha saMgha dIse nahIM / candrakIti evaM badati, mora paucha kADhe nahIM // uttama hose || saba kADhI / the / usakI samajha se unheM mUlasaMgha kahIM dikhAI nahIM diyA, vaha pAtAla meM calA gayA hai| yaha uttama kaise ho sakatA hai jabaki isameM bhI vrata kriyA kahIM bhI dikhAI nahIM detI / mUlasaMgha kI pITha (AzrayadAtA) paravAra anvaya hI hai, usake dvArA hI mUlasaMgha kI yaha saba khurAphAta cAlU kI gaI hai| yaha zrAvakadharma aura yatidhamaM ke virodha meM khar3A kaise ho sakatA hai / vastutaH yaha eka aisA ullekha hai jisase spaSTa hai ki paravAra anvaya ke liye jo 'paurapATa, paurapaTTa' kahA gayA hai, vaha sArthaka to hai hI, sAtha hI aitihAsika bhI hai| isa nAma se hamArI mUlasaMgha kI anuyAyitA kI vizeSatA kA bhAna hotA hai jo lagabhaga do hajAra varSa pUrva se calI A rahI hai / 5. paravAroM ke bheda-prabheda 363 kavivara bakhatarAma kRta 'buddhi vilAsa' meM paravAroM (puravAroM) ke sAta bheda batAye haiM - 1. aThasaravA, 2. causakhA, 3 . seDasarahA (khaisakhA), 4. do sakhA, 5. soraThiyA, 6. gAMgar3a aura 7 padmAvatI / prAgvATa itihAsa kI bhUmikA meM zrI nAhaTA ne kucha kATa-chA~Ta ke bAda vaizyoM kI caurAsI jAtiyoM kA nAma nirdeza karate hue eka sUcI dI hai jisameM paravAra anvaya ke gAMgar3a ko chor3akara bAkI uparokta chaha nAma mile| usa sUcI meM eka bheda kA nAma kuMDalapurI bhI hai / yadi ise 'gAMgar3a' ke sthAna para paravAra anvaya meM gina liyA jAve, yahA~ bhI sAta bheda ho jAte haiM / kolhApura ke DA0 saMgave ne 'jaina sampradAya - eka sAmAjika sarvekSaNa' nAmaka pustaka meM pI0 DI0 jaina, pro0 eca0 eca0 vilsana tathA anya kula milAkara paravAra ke bhedoM ko cAra sUciyA~ prastuta kI haiN| pI0 DI0 jaina ke anusAra, paravAra anvaya ke pA~ca bheda haiM-- (1) paravAra (2) padmAvatI puravAla (3) soraThiyA (4) dasahA aura (5) mAlI paravAra / pro0 vilsana kI sUcI meM paravAra, soraThiyA aura gaMgADa nAmaka tIna nAma hI haiM / isameM eka jAti kA nAma 'bahariyA' diyA hai / paravAra anvaya ke 144 yA 145 mUloM meM eka mUla kA nAma bahuriyA hai jo sambhavataH bahariyA anvaya ke artha meM hI AyA hai, isase saMketa milatA hai ki bahutere mUla jAti ke artha meM badalakara svatantra anvaya (jAti) bana gaye hoM, to koI Azcarya nahIM / ina sUciyoM para dRSTipAta karane se tattat sUcI meM sammilita kara liyA gyaa| ina saMgave dvArA prastuta gujarAta kI sUcI meM paravAra, puravAra yA poravAla - kisI bhI anvaya kA nAma nahIM hai / usameM eka anvaya kA nAma tiporA avazya hai / saMbhavataH isase pauravAr3ha, paurapaTTa aura puravAroM kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / unakI dakSiNa pradeza kI sUcI meM paravAra anvaya ke artha meM 'paravAla' nAma AyA hai / usameM aThasakhA ke sthAna para 'asTavAra' tathA soraThiyA ke sthAna para sAraDiyA nAma pAye jAte haiN| isameM eka anvaya kA nAma pavArachiyA bhI AyA hai / aisA lagatA hai ki saMkalana karate samaya jinheM jo nAma upalabdha hue, unheM bhedoM kA vivaraNa aura unakI vartamAna sthiti vicAraNIya 1
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________________ 364 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa (i) aThasakhA paravAra : bundelakhaNDa meM aura anya pradezoM meM isa samaya jo paravAra anvaya ke zrAvaka kula upalabdha haiM, ve saba aThasakhA paravAra hai aura mUlasaMgha kuMdakuMda AmnAya ke antargata sarasvatI gaccha aura balAtkAra gaNa ko mAnane vAle haiN| __ (ii) chahasakhA paravAra : ina zrAvaka kuloM kA kyA huA, kucha patA nahIM cltaa| aisA anumAna hotA hai ki sambhavataH unheM aThasakhA paravAroM meM vilIna kara liyA gayA hogaa| hA~, mujhe yaha smaraNa AtA hai ki apanI jinamUrti aura prazastilekha ekatraNa kI yAtrA ke samaya siroMja (sarojapura) ke bar3e mandira meM eka mUrti aisI avazya tho jisakI pAdapITha para pratiSThAkAraka ke nAma ke Age 'chasakhA' pada aMkita thaa| vartamAna meM paravAra anvaya kA yaha bheda nAmazeSa mAtra hai| (iii) causakhA parabAra-isa samaya inakA astitva avazya hai para ve kisI kAraNa se tAraNapaMthI ho gaye haiN| eka-do bAra unako mUladhArA meM lAne kA prayatna avazya huA hai| ve isake liye udyata bhI the, para kucha pramukha bhAiyoM kI adaradarzita ke kAraNa aisA na ho skaa| itanA avazya hai ki donoM ora se vaha kaTTaratA aba nahIM dekhI jAtI / saMbhava hai, kabhI inameM ekarUpatA ho jAve / mujhe smaraNa hai ki 1928 meM jaba maiM bonA kI jaina pAThazAlA kA pradhAna adhyApaka hokara gayA thA, usa samaya vahA~ eka causakhA paravAra kuTuMba rahatA thaa| usa samaya eka prItibhoja lekara usa parivAra ko aThasakhA paravAroM meM milA liyA gayA thaa| isase mAlUma par3atA hai ki paravAra samAja ke jitane bheda hai, unameM ekarUpatA hone para bhI paraspara meM beTI-vyavahAra to hotA hI nahIM thA, kaccA khAna-pAna bhI nahIM hotA hogaa| isake phalasvarUpa paravAra samAja uttarottara kSINa hotA gayA aura usake aneka bheda nAma zeSa ho gye| (iv) do sakhA paravAra : hamane jitane jinamaMdiroM se mUrtilekha ekatra kiye hai, unameM aisI eka bhI pratimA nahIM milI jisase isa upabheda viSayaka jAnakArI mile| hA~, tAraNa samAja ke saMgaThana meM eka anvaya kA nAma do sakhA bhI hai| isase hama jAnate haiM ki cau sakhA paravAroM ke samAna inheM bhI tAraNa-samAja ko svIkAra karane ke liye bAdhya honA par3A hogA / yaha prasannatA kI bAta hai ki isa samaya paravAra samAja meM causakhA ke samAna do sakhA kA astitva to banA huA hai| (v) gAMgar3a paravAra : paravAra samAja ke 144-45 mUloM meM eka mUla padmAvatI mUla ke samAja kA 'gAMgare' mUla bhI hai / isa mUla kA gAtra goilla hai / aisA lagatA hai ki gAMgar3a paravAra isI mUla ke hone cAhiye / pahale yaha eka svataMtra upajAti banI, bAda meM samajhA-bujhAkara aThasakhA paravAroM meM sammilita kara liyA gyaa| ise hI 'gAMgar3a' mUla de diyA gayA jo sAmAnya bhASA meM 'gAMgare' ho gyaa| (vi) padmamAvatI paravAra-paravAra samAja ke mUloM meM eka padmAvatI bhI hai| isakA gotra vAsalla hai| pUre samAja se yaha kaba alaga par3a gayA, isa viSaya meM kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isa AmnAya meM bIsa pantha ke upAsaka bhI pAye jAte haiM, isI kAraNa sambhavataH ye mukhya zAkhA se alaga par3a gaye hoN| inameM jaina-ajaina donoM prakAra ke parivAra pAye jAte haiM / kahate haiM ki unameM roTI-beTI vyavahAra bhI hotA hai / isa viSaya meM hamane eka svatantra lekha meM vicAra kiyA hai| (vii) soraThiyA paravAra-soraThiyA paravAra ve haiM jo mukhyataH saurASTra meM nivAsa karate rahe / parantu saurASTra meM isa samaya jitane bhI zrAvaka kula pAye jAte haiM, ve saba prAyaH zvetAmbara haiM / isase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki soraThiyA paravAroM kA zvetAMbarIkaraNa ho gapA hai| paurapATa anvaya ke viSaya meM yaha bAta vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya hai ki jisa prakAra anya jAtiyoM meM koI upabheda nahIM dekhA jAtA, vaha sthiti isa anvaya kI nahIM rahI hai / isa anvaya meM aneka upabheda the| parantu unameM eka
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________________ paurapATa (paravAra) anvaya-1 365 jAtipane kA vyavahAra pahale kabhI nahIM rhaa| isase isa jAti ko jo hAni huI hai, usako kalpanA karane mAtra se roMgaTe khar3e ho jAte haiM / prArambha meM mujhe yaha anumAna bhI na thA ki isa anvaya meM aThasakhA ke atirikta anya aura bhI bheda hoNge| parantu aba uparokta bhedoM ko dhyAna meM dene se yaha avazya jJAta hotA hai ki mUla paurapATa anvaya kI aneka zAkhAyeM aura upazAkhAyeM vaTavRkSa ke samAna phailI huI hai| apanI janmabhUmi gujarAta aura mevAr3a se nikala kara pahale ye apane AmnAya kI rakSA hetu mAlavA aura canderI (ma0pra0) Aye aura Aja aisI sthiti hai ki bhArata kA aisA koI pradeza nahIM jahA~ isa anvaya meM zrAvaka kula nahIM pAye jAte hoN| ye AjIvikA Adi kAraNoM se sarvatra basate jA rahe haiM aura aba to videzoM meM bhI isa anvaya ke zrAvaka kUla pAye jAte haiM aura aneka vahIM ke vAsI ho gaye haiN| ve kahIM bhI baseM, apane AmnAya ko na bhUleM, yahI hama cAhate haiN| 6. nAma parivartana isa meM sandeha nahIM ki isa samaya yaha bahuta kama loga jAnate haiM ki paravAroM kA purAnA anvayanAma 'paurapATa yA paurapaTTa' thaa| isa nAma meM aitihAsika evaM sAMskRtika AdhAra chipe hue haiN| aisA lagatA hai ki hama apane purAne itihAsa ko bhUla gaye haiM aura aba hama kahIM ke nahIM rhe| merI sUcanA ke anusAra, eka nagara meM saMcita dravyoM se, gaMdhamAlyoM se jinabiMba kI pUjA hone lagI hai, eka anya nagara ke bar3e mandira kI mukhya vedo ke bagala meM eka devI kI sthApanA kara dI gayI hai aura aneka zrAvaka unakI pUjA bhI karate haiM / aisA kyoM ho rahA hai ? jisa mUla saMgha ko rakSA ke lie hamane gajarAta aura mevAr3a chor3A, usa pariveza ko hamane bhulA diyA hai| mujhe to lagatA hai ki aisI sthiti kA mUla kAraNa apane purAne sAMskRtika nAma ko bhulA denA hI hai / hamAre samAja kA purAnA nAma 'paurapAra, paurapada' thaa| usameM parivartana hokara 'paravAra' nAma pracalita ho gayA hai, yaha hama bhUla gaye haiM / mUrtilekhoM meM hama aneka nAmoM se aMkita kiye gaye haiN| (a) sonAgira pahAr3a se utarate samaya antima dvAra ke pAsa eka koThe meM eka bhagna jinabiMba hai jisake pAdapITha para nimna lekha hai: ( saMvat 1101 vakA gotre paravAra jAtima ) / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki 'paravAra' nAma bArahavIM sadI meM cAlU ho gayA thaa| isa lekha meM ba kA gotra kahA gayA hai / bakA mUla kA gota gohilla hai / (A) vidizA (bhelasA, bhaTTalapura) ke bar3e mandira se prApta eka jinabimba ke pAThapITha para nimna lekha aMkita hai : 'saMvat 1534 varSe caitramAse trayodazyAM guruvAsare bhaTTAraka zrI mahendrakIti bhailapure zrI rAjArAmarAjye mahAjana paravAla"zrI jinacandra / (i) eka varSa AgarA meM zikSaNa zivira lagA thaa| usameM aneka vidvAnoM ke sAtha maiM bhI gayA thaa| usa samaya jayapura se purAne zAstroM ko pradarzanI lagAI gaI thii| usameM eka hastalikhita 'puNyAsrava' zAstra bhI thaa| usake anta meM nimna prazasti aMkita thI: saMvat 1473 varSe kArtika sudI 5 gurudine zrI mUlasaMghe sarasvatI gacche nandisaMghe kundakundAcAryAnvaye bhaTTAraka zrI padmanandidevA stacchiSya muni zrI devendrakIti devAH / tena nijajJAnAvaraNo karmakSayA) likhitaM zubhaM / zrI mUlasaMghe bhaTTAraka zrI bhuvanakIrti tatpaTTe zrI bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa paThanAtha, narahar3I vAstavya paravADazAtIya sA0 kAkala, bhA0 puNya zrI, suta sA. nemidAsa ThAkura etaiH idaM pustakaM dattaM / yaha eka aitihAsika jinabimba lekha hai| isameM gAMdhAra aura sUrata paTTa ke prathama bhaTTAraka devendra kIrti kA nAma AyA hai / dUsare, isameM IDara paTTa ke bhI do bhaTTArakoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isalie yaha nizcita hai ki narahaDI nagara gujagata meM honA cAhiye kyoMki isa lekha kA sambandha gujarAta pradeza se hI hai / isa lekha se do bAteM jJAta hotI hai :
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________________ 366 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa (i) jinabimba ke pratiSThAkAra sA0 kAkala paravAra (paurapATa) jAtIya the| (ii) inheM ThAkura kahA gayA hai| isase yaha nizcita hotA hai ki isa anvaya kA vikAsa pradhAnarUpa se kSatriya vaMzoM se huA hai| (I) yaha ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai ki zAha vakhatarAma ne apane 'buddhivilAsa' meM jAtiyoM kI sUcI meM 'paravAra' ko 'puravAra' batAyA hai / isase patA calatA hai ki lekhaka kI dRSTi meM 'puravAra' aura 'paravAra' anvaya meM koI bheda nahIM thaa| (u) 'paravAra baMdhu' ke mArca 1940 ke aka meM sva0 bAbU ThAkuradAsa jI TIkamagar3ha ne katipaya mUtilekha prastuta kiye haiM, unameM eka lekha aisA bhI mudrita huA hai jisameM isa anvaya ko parapaTa kahA gayA hai / parapaTAnvaye zubhe sAdhunAmnA mahezvaraH / yaha lekha lagabhaga 11-12 vIM sadI kA hai| . isa prakAra, pratimA lekhoM meM isa anvaya ke lie aneka nAmoM kA ullekha huA hai / para una sabakA Azaya ekamAtra 'paurapATa' anvaya se hI rahA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki isa anvaya ke lie bArahavIM sadI se 'paravAra' nAya kA prayoga hone lagA thaa| sandarbha grantha 1. lor3hA, daulata siMha, prAgvATa itihAsa, 1-2 / 2. vaidya, citAmaNi vinAyaka; madhyayugIna bhArata / 3. joharApurakara, vidyAdhara; bhaTTAraka sampradAya / 4. nAthUrAma premI; paravAra baMdhu, paravAra sabhA, jabalapura, apraila maI, 1940 / 5. ThAkura dAsa jaina; pUrvokta, mArca, 1940 / 6. - jAtibhAskara, veMkaTezvara priMTiMga presa, bambaI / 7. muMzI, ke0 ema; gujarAtanonAya / 8. ojhA, gaurIzaMkara horAcandra; rAjapUtAnA kA itihaas-| 9. zAstrI, nemacandra; mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, di0 jaina vidvat pariSad, sAgara, 1974 / 10. samaMtabhadra, svAmI; ratnakaraMDa zrAvakAcAra / 11. vaTTakera, AcArya; mUlAcAra, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzo, 1984 / 12. vidyAlaMkAra satyaketu; agravAla jAti kA itihAsa / 13. AcArya, somadeva; upAsakAdhyayana, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI / 14. muni jinavijaya; kumArapAla pratibodha / 15. nemicaMdra, sUri; mahAvIra caritra / 16. - caritrasAra, di0 jaina samAja, sIkara, 1944 / A0 paMDita jI kA yaha lekha unake eka pUrNa lekha kA eka aMza hai| sampAdaka maNDala ko yaha jAnakara prasannatA huI hai ki pUrNa lekha zIghra pustakAkAra rUpa meM di0 jaina paravAra sabhA, jabalapura kI ora se prakAzita hone vAlA hai / hamAre grantha ke lie vyaktigata rUpa se isa lekha ko dene ke lie samiti paNDita jI kA AbhArI hai|