Pathik 2001 Vol 41 Ank 04 05 06

Author(s): Bhartiben Shelat, Subhash Bramhabhatt
Publisher: Mansingji Barad Smarak Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/535484/1

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pathika (itihAsa-purAtattvanuM eka mAtra gujarAtI saimAsika) saMpAdaka DaoN. bhAratIbahena zelata * pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa aMka : 4-5-6 vi.saM. 2057 sana 2001 : jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca varSa : 41muM kacchano dharatIkaMpa (26, phebruArI 2001) pathika kAryAlaya, C/o. bho. je. vidyAbhavana, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-380009 For Private and Personal Use Only

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. ' I - ra rAmapara gAma - dharatIkaMpa pachI (kaccha) s, STno ka 1 T zrI svAminArAyaNa maMdira - rAmapara (kaccha) For Private and Personal Use Only

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pathika AdyataMtrI sva. mAnasaMgajI bAraDa sUcanA taMtrImaMDaLa pathika dara trIjA aMgrejI mahinAnI DaoN. ke. kA. zAstrI, DaoN. cinubhAI nAyaka, 15mI tArIkhe prasiddha thaze. DaoN. bhAratIbahena zelata, pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa pachInA 15 divasamAM aMka na maLe to sthAnika posTa ophisamAM lekhita phariyAda karavI ane nakala amane mokalavI. varSaH 41muM aMka: 4-5-6 vi.saM. 2057 sana 2001 jAnyuArI phebruArI-mArca pathika sarvopayogI vicArabhAvanA jJAnanuM sAmayika che . jIvanane | UrdhvagAmI banAvatAM abhyAsapUrNa | ane ziSTa maulika lakhANone 20mI sadInA bhUkaMpanI tavArikho che. subhASa brahmabhaTTa 1 | svIkAravAmAM Ave che. prasiddha thaI gayelI kRtine pharI dharatIkaMpa - gaIkAla ane Aja che. prA. Ara. TI. sAvaliyA 2 | prasiddha karavA mATe na mokalavAnI lekhakoe kALajI rAkhavI. bhUkaMpa ane itihAsanI noMdha prA. pradyumna bI. khAcare 23 kRti sArA aAre zAhIthI ane * bhAratamAM AvelA vinAzaka dharatIkaMpanI tavArIkha kAgaLanI eka ja bAjue lakhelI * gujarAtamAM ra6 bhUkaMpo hovI joIe. kRtimAM koI anya * bhAratIya prajAe chellA 10 varSamAM veThelA bhUkaMponI sUci bhASAnAM avataraNa mUkyAM hoya to eno gujarAtI tarajUmo Apavo bhUkaMpathI sothI vadhu zakyatAvALA pradezo jarUrI che. * vizvanA bhUkaMpano itihAsa kRtimAMnA vicAronI javAbadArI lekhakanI raheze. pathikamAM prasiddha thatI kRtionA vicAro-abhiprAyo sAthe taMtrI sahamata che ema na samajavuM. asvIkRta kRti pAchI meLavavA jarUrI TikiTo AvI haze to tarata parata karAze. tA.ka. : pathikanuM vArSika lavAjama jeoe nathI mokalyuM teone have pachI | ma. o. drAkTa-patro mATe lakho. pathikane AgAmI aMka TapAla karavAmAM nahIM Ave. | pathika kAryAlaya C/o. bho.je. vidyAbhavana, (pathikanuM vArSika lavAjama rU. 50/- che. Azrama roDa, AjIvana sabhyapada rUA. 401 che. amadAvAda-380 COpathika kAyAlaya vatI mudraka-prakAzaka: pro. subhASa brahmAmaDuM, C/o. mAM.je.vidhAmavana, eca. ke. kolejanA kesamAM, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-9 mudraNasthAna : krinA grAphiksa, 966, nAraNapurA jUnA gAma, amadAvAda-380013 - phona : 7494393 For Private and Personal Use Only

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* * * * * * * * 20mI sadInA bhUkaMpanI tavArikho saMkalana : prA. subhASa brahmabhaTTa * 1906 : eka miniTa karatAM vadhu samaya sudhI cAlelA zreNIbaddha AMcakAomAM sAnaphrAnsikomAM 700nAM mota. 1923 : TokiyonI bahAra kendrabiMdu dharAvanAra greDa kAno bhUkaMpa : TokiyomAM 1,42,800nAM mota. 1931 : briTanano ati hiMsaka bhUkaMpa. * 1935 : tAIvAnamAM 3ra76nAM mota. 1948 : isTa cAInA sImA kendrIta bhUkaMpathI pazcima jApAnamAM 3770nAM mota. 1950 : AsAmamAM 9nI tIvratA sAthe joradAra AMcako. * 1960 : vizvamAM noMdhAyelA sauthI vadhu 9.5nI rakTara skelanI tIvratA sAtheno bhUkaMpa cIlImAM noMdhAyo. * 1976 : cInanAM tAMgazAMga zaheramAM 5,O,000nAM mota. 1980 : dakSiNa ITAlImAM seMkaDonAM mota. 1985 : sapTembara, bhayAnaka bhUkaMpathI meksiko siTI dhrujI UThayuM, 10,000nAM mota. 1988 : Disembara, uttara pazcima ArmeniyAmAM 25,0OOnAM mota.. 1989 : okTobara, keliphorniyAmAM 68nAM mota. 1990 : uttara irAnamAM jIlAna prAMtamAM 40,0nAM mota. 1993 : sapTembara, pazcima ane dakSiNa bhAratamAM 22,00 grAmavAsIonAM mota. 1994 : jUna, kolaMbiyAmAM bhUkaMpa ane tene pagale bhekhaDo dhasavAthI 1000nAM mota. 1995 : jAnyuArI, jApAnamAM kobe zaheramAM 6430nAM mota. 1995 : meM, zAkhArI TApumAM AvelAM bhUkaMpathI 1989 raziyAnoe jAna gumAvyo. 1997 : phebruArI, uttara pazcima irAnamAM grAmINa vistAromAM 1000nAM mota, traNa mahinA pachI vadhu eka bhUkaMpathI pUrva irAnamAM 1560nAM mota. 1998 : me, uttara aphaghAnistAnamAM 4000nAM mota. 1998 : jUna, pUrva turkImAM 144nAM mota, aThavADiyA pachI Aja vistAramAM be bhayAnaka AMcakAthI * 100ne ijA. * 1998 : julAI, pApuA nyu gInIyAnAM uttara pazcima kAMThe dariyAnA peTALamAM bhUkaMpanA pagale 1000nAM mota. 1999 : jAnyuArI, kolaMbiyAnA ArmInIyAmAM 1000nAM mota. 1999 : mArca, uttara bhAratanAM uttara pradezamAM be bhUkaMpothI 100thI vadhunA mota. * 1999 : 17 ogasTa, 7.4nI tIvratA sAthe turkInAM ijamIta ane istaMbulamAM seMkaDonAM mota. * 1999 : 7 sapTembara, grIsanI rAjadhAnI ethensanA uttarI parAMomAM 5.9nI tIvratA sAtheno bhUkaMpa. * 1999 : 21, sapTembara 7.9nI tIvratA sAthe tAIvAnamAM bhayAnaka bhUkaMpathI 2500nAM mota ane TApunAM pratyeka nagaramAM nukasAna. + ra%: 6 okTobara, 7.1nI tIvratA sAthe jApAnamAM 30nAM mota ane 20 gharone nukasAna. * ROO : 16 navembara, 8nI tIvratA sAthe pApuA nyu gInIyAmAM bhayAnaka bhUkaMpa, bhAre khuvArI. * 2001 : 13 jAnyuArI, 7.6 ane 7.9nI tIvratA sAthe ala sAlvADoramAM bhUkaMpathI 700thI vadhunAM mota. * ra001 : 26 jAnyuArI, 7.9nI tIvratA sAthe savAre 8-45 miniTe kaccha, saurASTra ane amadAvAdamAM bhUkaMpa. pathika mAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 1 * * * For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra dharatIkaMpa - gaIkAla ane Aja DaoN. prA. Ara. TI. sAvaliyA duniyAmAM sauthI vadhu bhayaMkara ane vadhu vinAzaka utpAta "dharatIkaMpa" mAnavAmAM Ave che. hajAro hAIDrojana baoNma ekasAthe phUTe enA karatAM paNa eka dharatIkaMpamAM vadhu zakti hovAnuM manAya che. dhrUjatI ane UchaLatI dharatIno vinAzaka utpAta joIne lAkho varSothI mAnava kudaratanA A 'kopa'thI gabharAto-dhrUjato Avyo che. hajAro varSothI te tenA kAraNa vize kutUhala sevato rahyo. paraMtu tene kAraNa jaDatuM na hatuM. ApaNA prAcIno graho ane brahmAMDa vize sAcI mAhitI meLavI zakyA, paNa paga nIcenI dharatI vize kazuM jANI zakyA nahi. ApaNA zAstrakAroe kalpanA karI ke, pRthvI zeSanAganI pheNa para rahelI che ane pRthvI para jyAre pApano bhAra vadhI jAya che tyAre zeSanAga ajaMpAthI pheNa dhuNAve che,tethI dharatIkaMpa thAya che. jaina sAhityamAM parApUrvathI thatI prAkRtika ghaTanAo ke parivartano aMgenA kAraNa jANavA mATe emAM bhUgoLa ane khagoLa saMbaMdhI keTalIka mAhitI ApelI che. bhUminA vikAra ane vikAranA phaLano emAM vicAra karAyo che. jaina AgamomAM sUyagaDa(a. 12.gAthA 9)nI zIlAMkasUriSkRta TIkA(patra 222 A)mAM "bhauma'- bhUminA vikArane lagato pATha che. AvasTayanI haribhadrIya TIkA vageremAM jaNAvyuM che ke vItabhayanagarano dhULanI vRSTi karI nagaradevatAe nAza karyo hato. koIka nagaramAM lohInA jevI vRSTi thayAnuM paNa jANavA maLe che. jaina maMtavya pramANe "manuSyo je pRthvI upara vase che te 'ratnaprabhA' nAmanI pRthvIno uparano bhAga che. enI nIce sthULa puddagalo paDe to pRthvInA koI eka bhAgamAM dharatIkaMpa thAya. AvA dharatIkaMpanAM bIjAM paNa be kAraNo 'ThANa' nAmanA Agama (sutta 198)mAM darzAvAyAM che. (1) koI maheza nAmano mahoraMga pRthvInI nIce kUdAkUda kare. (2) pRthvInI nIce nAgakumAra ane suvarNakumAra nAmanA bhavanapati devo vacce yuddha thAya. A ja AgamamAM samagra pRthvImAM dharatIkaMpa thavAnAM traNa kAraNo jaNAvAyAM che. (1) pRthvInI nIcenA 'ghanavAta' vAyu vyAkuLa bane ane ethI 'ghanodadhi' nAmanA samudramAM tophAna jAge. (2) koI maheza nAmano mahoraga deva koI zramaNa-brAhmaNane potAnuM sAmarthya darzAvavA mATe pRthvIne calita kare che. (3) devo ane asuro vacce yuddha jAge. devothI jyotiSa ane vaimAnika samajavA ane asurothI bhavanapati ane vyaMtara samajavA. bauddha maMtavya pramANe bauddhonA aMguttara nikAya (8, 70; sthAnAMga-samavAya, pR. 563)mAM dharatIkaMpa kyAre kyAre te bAbata ATha kAraNa rajU karAyAM che. (1) pRthvInI nIce Avelo mahAvAyu joramAM phUMkAtA jaLakaMpita bane che. eTale e jaLa upara rahelI pRthvI paNa kaMpita thAya che. (2) koI zramaNa-brAhmaNa potAnI RddhinA baLa vaDe pRthvI bhAvanAne bhAve. (3) bodhisattva mAtAnA garbhamAM Ave. (4) bodhisattva mAtAnI kUkSimAMthI bahAra Ave. (5) tathAgatane anuttara jJAnano lAbha thAya. (6) tathAgata dharmacakra pravartAve (7) tathAgata AyuSya-saMskArano nAza kare. (8) tathAgata nirvANa lAbha kare. AvI kalpanAo bIjI saMskRtiomAM paNa vicitra ane ramUja upajAve tevI karavAmAM AvI che. musalamAno ema mAne che ke pRthvI gAyanA zIMgaDA upara rahelI che. ane gAya jyAre e zIMgaDuM halAve che tyAre dharatIkaMpa thAya che. cInAonI mAnyatA pramANe vaLI pRthvI deDakAnA mAthA para rahelI che. ane te mAthuM khaMjavALe tyAre dharatI dhaNaNe che. jApAnamAM lokonI mAnyatA evI che ke emano deza eka moTI mAchalInI pITha para rahelo che ane jyAre e mAchalI krodhAvezamAM pUMchaDI pachADe che tyAre dharatIkaMpa thAya che. Ama duniyAnI badhI jAtio ane dharmomAM * adhyApaka, bho.je. vidyAbhavana, eca. ke. kaoNleja kampAunDa, AzramaroDa, amadAvAda-9 pathika traimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 0 2 For Private and Personal Use Only

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dharatIkaMpa vize koI ne koI vicitra mAnyatAo cAlI Ave che. jo ke Aje to sau jANe che ke e kevaLa kapoLakalpita purANakathAo ja che. dharatIkaMpanI kharekhara to Adhunika jagate upekSA ja karI che. dharatIkaMpa A dharatI sAthe ja janmyo haze ane dharatIne dhrujAvyA karato haze. eTale ja hajAro varSa pahelAM ApaNA prAccana vaijJAniko-RSi-munione sUrya-caMdra, gurutvAkarSaNa, tenI gati vagerenI jANakArI hatI. enA purAvA prAcIna veda, purANo, vAstukalAne lagatA graMtho temaja jyotiSa graMthomAM dharatIkaMpa ane kudaratI Aphata sAme TakI zake tevAM makAno bAMdhavAnAM vigatavAra varNana maLe che. bhUkaMpa kyAre ane kyAM thaze evI sacoTa AgAhI vizvamAM koI paNa vijJAnI karI zakatA nathI, paNa bhAratIya jyotiSazAstranA mUrdhanya vidvAna parAzara, varAhamihira, garga vageree bhUkaMpanA vividha pAsAMono abhyAsa karIne keTalIka dhAraNAo karI che. bhAratIya jyotiSazAstranI amUlya dharohara "bRhatsaMhitA" (I.sa. 505)nA 3ramAM prakaraNamAM "bhUmikampalakSaNa" nAmanA adhyAyamAM bhUkaMpanI vistRta vigato ApavAmAM AvI che. garga saMhitA ane parAzara horAzAstramAM paNa graho ane nakSatranI naisargika gatithI bhaTakI jAya to bhUkaMpa ke kudaratI Aphata thavAnI saMbhAvanA vadhI javAnuM jaNAvyuM che. game te hoya paNa ApaNA prAcIna saMskAra ane saMskRtinA vArasAmAM racAyelAM zAstromAM kaMIka to tathya che, jene bAju para haDaselI zakAya nahi. vijJAnano vikAsa e ja prAcIna graMthonA AdhAre thayAnuM svIkAryA pachI amuka bAbatone svIkAravI ja paDe che. dharatIkaMpa e evI kudaratI vipatti che ke jenAthI bacavuM e kevaLa asaMbhavita che. kudaratanA e kera AgaLa mAnavInA hAtha heThA paDe che. jagatamAM vividha prakAranA hajAro viSayonuM vaijJAnika adhyayana lAMbA gALAthI thatuM AvyuM che, paNa vaijJAnikoe chellAM be eka saikAthI tenI zodhakhoLa karIne dharatIkaMpa vize bane teTaluM jJAna meLavavAno prayatna karyo che. chatAM hajI tene lagatI khAtarI bharI mAhitIo agamacetInA pagalAM rUpe pUrI meLavAI rahI nathI. tema chatAM emAM ThIkaThIka prakAza pADyo che. ' dharatIkaMpanA AMcakA ane AMdolana mApavAnAM aneka jAtanAM yaMtro racAyAM che. paraMtu e sarve phakta dharatIkaMpa kyAMthI ane keTale vakhate udbhave che e ja batAve che. keTalAMka vaijJAnikonuM mAnavuM che ke dharatIkaMpanuM tophAna pRthvInA peTALamAMthI upara AvatAM ghaNo samaya lAge che ane te daramyAna prathama nAnAM AMdolano pRthvInI sapATI upara Ave che, paraMtu e eTalAM sUkSma hoya che ke atyAranAM yaMtrothI e noMdhI zakAtAM nathI. Ama chatAM jo bhaviSyamAM evuM yaMtra zodhAya to jarUra ghaNAM mANasonAM jAna ane mAla-milakatane bacAvI zakAya. vaijJAnika draSTie dharatIkaMpa thavAnAM kAraNo ane dharatIkaMpanI AgAhI vagere viSaya upara jANavAnI jarUra che. jo ke te aMge ghaNAM saMzodhano thaI rahyAM che, paraMtu dharatIkaMpanI utpatti vize haju paNa aneka vivAdo cAle che. eka vastu to cokkasa che ke dharatIkaMpane ane manuSyanA pApane kazoye saMbaMdha nathI. khAsa lakSamAM levAnI vastu e che ke pRthvInA AkhA taLamAM phakta mukarara thayelI jagyAe ja dharatIkaMpanA AMcakA udbhave che. sUryamAMthI chUTI paDelI pRthvI atyaMta uSNa hatI, kALakrame e garamI avakAzamAM veDaphAI gaI ane pRthvI ThaMDI paDatI gaI. prathama uparano bhAga ThaMDo paDyo. eTale aMdaranA bhAganI garamI bahAra nIkaLavA pAmI nahi ane bahAranI ThaMDI ne laIne uparanuM paDa vadhu ne vadhu ghaTTa thavA lAgyuM. lAkho varSo pachI e paDa ghana thaI gayuM. pRthvInI bhItaramAM garama lAvA rUpano pravAhI bharelo che. pRthvInuM paDa aneka jAtanA paththara, mATI ane khanijothI racAyeluM che. AthI pRthvI jayAre ghana thaI tyAre enA upalA paDamAM keTalIka jagyAe nabaLAI rahI gaI. AkhI pRthvInA paDamAM evA nabaLAInA be mahAna paTA che jene "sismIka belTa" (dharatIkaMpanA paTA) kahevAmAM Ave che. eka paTo pathika * saimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 - 3 For Private and Personal Use Only

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dakSiNa amerikAnA cheDAthI nIkaLI pazcima kinAre kinAre AgaLa vadhe che ane cheka uttara amerikAnA vAyavya khUNA sudhI vistare che. bIjo paTo jibrAlTaranI sAmudradhunInI AsapAsanA pradezathI zarU thaI bhUmadhya samudranI AsapAsanA sarva dezone sameTato AgaLa vadhe che, ane IrAna, aphaghAnistAnamAMthI siMdha, kaccha, paMjAba, kAzmIra vagere pradeza e paTAnA vistAramAM Ave che. kAzmIrathI mAMDIne e paTo himAlayanI banne bAju ekasarakho sIdho barmAnAM pradezamAM vaLAMka laIne siyAma ane siMgApura sudhI pahoMce che. tyAMthI samudramAM AgaLa vadhI osTreliyAnA pUrva kinArAne pharI vaLe che. A jagyAethI bIjuM paTo uttara tarapha samudra vATe jApAna sudhI pahoMce che ane tyAMthI eziyAnA pUrva kinAre vistAra pAmI chevaTe amerikAnA vAyavya khUNAnA paTAnI sAthe maLI jAya che. dharatIkaMpanI mahAna honArato khAsa karIne A paTAnA pradezamAM AvelA dezomAM ja thAya che ema aneka saikAnA avalokana uparathI mAlUma paDyuM che. A uparathI eTaluM to cokkasa che ke kAM to pRthvInA paTa upara dharatIkaMpanA paTAvALI jagyAe nabaLAI rahI gaI che athavA to bhItaramAM e paTAnA pradezamAM koI baLo pravartI rahyAM che. dharatIkaMpa aMge hAlamAM eka siddhAMta pratipAdana karavAmAM Avyo che teNe ghaNAnuM dhyAna kheMcyuM che. e mata pramANe pRthvInuM paDa pramANamAM aMdaranA pravAhI karatAM halakuM che, eTale uparanI jamIna ane khAsa karIne parvato nIcenA pravAhI upara taratA rahe che. kALakrame aMdarano pravAhI ThaMDo paDe che tyAre parvatanA nIcenA bhAgamAM polANa paDI jAya che. ane e jagyA pUravA AsapAsanI jamIna tyAM dhasI jAya che. eve vakhate jamInanA ekAeka dhasavAne laIne dharatIkaMpa thAya che. dharatIkaMpano paTo ghaNIkharI jagyAe parvatonI najIkanA pradezamAMthI ja pasAra thAya che. nAnA prakAranA dharatIkaMpa ghaNe bhAge pRthvInA ghana paDanA kaMIka pheraphArane laIne thAya che ema mAnavAmAM Ave che, ane e moTe bhAge sapATIthI 50 mAIla UMDe ja udbhave che. moTA dharatIkaMpa pRthvInI sapATIthI ghaNA UMDANamAMthI 200 thI 300 mAIla nIce enuM kendra hoya che. ghaNAkharAM moTA dharatIkaMpa eTalA baLavAna hoya ke pRthvIne dhrujAvI mUke che. dharatIkaMpanAM AMdolana ghaNI vakhata pRthvI upara eka saphara karI aTakatAM nathI; paraMtu keTalIyevAra pharI vaLe che. AvAM nAnAM-moTAM AMdolana ane dhrujArI "sIsmogrApha' nAmanA dharatIkaMpa mApavAnA yaMtramAM noMdhI zakAya che. ghaNAMkharAM dharatIkaMpanAM kendra thoDe thoDe varSe AmathI tema badalAyA kare che. AnuM kAraNa, bhItaramAM jamInano dhasAro prathama eka dizA tarapha thAya che ane keTalAMka varSa pachI UlaTI dizAmAM thAya che. eka jagyAe purANa thAya to bIjI jagyAe polANa bane, ane e polANa pAchuM kALakrame purAtAM tyAM dharatIkaMpa thAya che. keTalIkavAra dharatIkaMpa pracaMDa avAjo sAthe phATI nIkaLe che. kyAreka jamInamAM moTI phATo paDI jAya che ane e mAIlonA mAIlo sudhI TukaDe TukaDe vistAra pAme che. dharatIkaMpa be prakAranA kahI zakAya. eka to jvALAmukhI saMbaMdhI. jvALAmukhIne laIne keTalIkavAra nAnA dharatIkaMpanA AMcakA lAge che ane bahu dUra sudhI jaI zakatA nathI. bIjo prakAra bhUstaranI nirmANakriyAnA pariNAma svarUpa hoI tenI asara dhaNe dUra sudhI pahoMce che. dharatIkaMpa ane jvALAmukhI saMbaMdhI vijJAnane ''sIsmolaoNjI' (Seismology) kahe che. dharatIkaMpanuM vigatavAra vivaraNa jANavA mATenA sAdhanane 'sIsmogrApha' kahe che. cInamAM coko (Choko) nAmanA mANase I.sa. 136nI sAlamAM dharatIkaMpa noMdhavAnuM yaMtra banAveluM. jemAM tAMbAnuM vAsaNa, daDo vagere sAdhanonuM buddhipUrvakanuM Ayojana goThaveluM jaNAya che. pathika traimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 2 4 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jApAnamAM chellAM 1500 varSathI dharatIkaMponI noMdha rAkhavAmAM Ave che. I.sa. 416 thI 1867 sudhInA 2000 dharatIkaMponuM vivaraNa jApAnamAM jaLavAyeluM che. jemAM 223 dharatIkaMpo vinAzakArI hatA. samagra duniyAmAM thayelA dharatIkaMponI vigato tapAsatAM I.sa. 745mAM jApAnamAM thayela dharatIkaMpamAM 60 kalAka sudhI dharatI dhrUjyA karI hatI. I.sa. 977mAM tyAM 300 divasa sudhI vArA pharatI AMcakA lAgyA karyA hatA. bhAratamAM dharatIkaMpanI pahelI aitihAsika noMdha jaNAve che ke I.sa. 893nI AkharamAM ke 894nA AraMbhamAM ApaNA dariyAkAMThe Avela dAIbula ke dAIvala (hAIvala) nAmanuM baMdara dharatIkaMpane laIne dariyAmAM garaka thaI gayuM hatuM. jemAM doDha lAkha mANaso mAryA gayA. 16mI sadInA AraMbhamAM 6 julAI, 1505mAM muslima hastalikhita tavArIkha mujaba aphaghAnistAnathI mAMDIne samagra uttara bhAratane dharatIkaMpe hacamacAvI nAkhyuM hatuM. A bhUkaMpathI pahADo tUTI paDyA hatA. makAno dharAzAyI thayAM hatAM. 2 phebruArI, 1556mAM vizvano sauthI moTo bhUkaMpa sensI-cInamAM thayo. jemAM 8 lAkha 30 hajAra loko mRtyu pAmyA. A bhUkaMpa madhyarAtrie amAsanA be divasa pachI thayo hato. I.sa. 1668mAM samAjI ke samAvANI nagara (bhArata) tenA 30 hajAra rahevAsI sAthe dharatImAM garaka thaI gayuM hatuM. I.sa. 1678mAM sAntA (Santa) mAM dharatIkaMpa thayo hato, te vakhate tyAMno samudra keTalAya mAIla dUra sudhI pAcho haTI gayo hato. evuM covIsa kalAka rahyuM. pachI ekAeka samudra kinArA tarapha dhasyo ne pANI hatAM tema thaI gayAM. 7 jUna, 1692nI sAlamAM amerikAnI pUrve vesTa inDIjha TApuo paikI jamaikA TApumAM eka bhayaMkara dharatIkaMpa thayo tyAre tenI sAthe gaMdhakanI gaMdha chUTI hatI. te gaMdhakavALA vAtAvaraNamAM traNa hajAra mANaso gUMgaLAIne marI gayAM hatAM. ahIMnuM porTa raoNyala nAmanuM baMdara samudramAM garaka thaI gayuM hatuM. Aje che te navuM vaseluM che. 28 ogasTa, 1703mAM jApAnamAM sauthI bhayaMkara dharatIkaMpa thayo hato. 1720mAM dilhImAM tathA 11 oNkTobara, 1737mAM kalakattAmAM ane 1762mAM pUrva baMgALa ane ArAkAnamAM thayelA dharatIkaMpa vizenA ullekha che. bharatakhaMDanA itihAsamAM sauthI moTo utpAta I.sa. 1737nA 11 oNkTobara, 12-30 vAgye thayo hato. dakSiNa baMgALa ane suMdaravananA TApuomAM bhayaMkara bhUkaMpa ane vinAzaka vAvAjhoDuM thayuM. temAM 20 hajAra naukAo ane 3 lAkha mANaso nAza pAmyAM. eka devaLa tenA zikhara sudhI dharatImAM UtarI gayuM. A vakhate gaMgAnI lahero 40 phUTa UMcI UchaLI hatI. 1 navembara, ravivAra, 1755nI savAre 9-40 thI 10-00 vAgyAnI vacce porTugalanA pATanagara lisbanamAM dharatIkaMpanA traNa AMcakA lAgyA. mukhya AMcako 6 thI 7 miniTa sudhI dharatIne uchALato rahyo. pahelI 6 miniTamAM ochAmAM ochA 30,000 mANaso mAryAM gayAM. 12 hajAra makAno bhAMgI paDyAM, keTalIye Ago lAgI ane cha divasa sudhI baLatI rahI. romana ketholika porTugIjho devaLamAM prArthanA karatA hatA te tyAM ja daTAI gayA. dharatIkaMpathI utpanna thayelAM 15 thI 60 phUTa UMcAM dariyAI mojAM mAjhA mUkIne kAMThAnAM baMdaro para pharI vaLyAM. pathika traimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 - 5 For Private and Personal Use Only

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2 eprila, 1762mAM cittagoMga(u.bhA.)mAM dharatIkaMpa thayo. julakuDe nadInA mukhamAM ane AjubAju UMDI tirADo paDI gaI. nadIonAM pANI mAIlo sudhI rokAI gayAM ane vaheNa badalAya gayAM. I.sa. 1783mAM kailobriyana dharatIkaMpamAM eka dIvAla pAyAmAMthI 8 phUTa UMce UDIne paDI hatI. I.sa. 1811-12mAM amerikAmAM sauthI bhayaMkara dharatIkaMpa misUrI rAjyanA nyUmADriDamAM thayo hato. 16 Disembara, 1811, 23 jAnyuArI, 1812 ane 7 phebruArI, 1812nA roja traNa bhayaMkara AMcakA lAgyA. 40,000 co.mA.mAM tenI vinAzaka asara phelAI. 6000 co.mI. dharatI 3 thI 9 phUTa besI gaI ane temAM nadInuM pANI dhasI AvyuM. dharatInI sapATI mojAM rUpe vAMkIcUkI banI gaI. ghaNe ThekANe dharatI phATI gaI ane emAMthI retI tathA gaMdhakavALI varALa nIkaLI. jaMgalamAM vRkSo dharAzAyI thayAM. te samaye ahIM vasati ghaNI ochI hovAthI jAnamAlanI khuvArI gaMbhIra na thaI. A dharatIkaMpanI kaMpArI lagabhaga samagra amerikAmAM ane cheka kaeNneDA sudhI anubhavI zakAI hatI. atyAre TenesI rAjyamAM je talaphUTa sarovara che te A dharatIkaMpane lIdhe banyuM. 16 jUna, 1819mAM Avela dharatIkaMpanI vigatavAra noMdho maLe che. A vakhate kacchanA rAjavaMzanA mahArAo zrI dezaLajI rajA bALavayanA hatA. AthI cha sabhyonI miTi heThaLa rejansI sthApavAmAM AvI hatI. jemAM aMgreja resIDanTa tarIke mekamaDu nAmanA aMgreja paNa hatA. A dharatIkaMpanuM AMkhedekhyuM varNana aMjAra khAte rahetA A aMgreja amaladAre kareluM che. A divase sAMjanA 7 vAgyAnA arasAmAM dharatIkaMpano bhayaMkara AMcako lAgyo hato. je 12 mAtrAnI ugratA dharAvato hato. aMjAra TekarI paranA makAnanI agAsImAM beThelo te khurazIo UMcakAI hatI. pavanathI bArIbAraNAM khasatAM hoya tevuM mAlUma paDyuM. dharatIkaMpa thayAnI jANa thatAM burajamAMthI dareka jaNa nAsI nIkaLyA.. ane sahejavAramAM e dekhAto buraja, tUTI paDI, bhoMya bhego thayo. ane pachI turata ja killAnI dIvAla, minArA ane maMdasauthI vadhu ghara khaMDiyara thaI paDyAM. e AMcako lagabhaga be thI aDhI miniTa cAlyo haze. e samaya evo hato ke mananI svasthatA rahI zake nahi. ane e AghAtanI asarathI mukta thaI pAcho huM vicArI zakuM evI sthitimAM Avyo tyAM to AsapAsanI khuvArI ane nukazAna joIne huM stabdha thaI gayo. TekarIo, burajo ane gharo je aDadhI ghaDI pahelAM TakAu ane majabUta dekhAtAM hatAM, te jholAM letAM, ke paDatAM mAlUma paDyAM hatAM, TekarIomAMthI dhULanA goTA ke dhumADo nIkaLato ane gharo sAva jamInadosta thayA hatAM. 16mInI rAtri taddana zAnta ane ramya hatI. ame khullAmAM sUtA hatA. rAtre tArA kharyA hatA. rAtre 11 vAgatA sudhImAM traNa AMcakA lAgyA hatA. bIje divase 17mI jUne paNa dharatI vAraMvAra DolatI ane sAthe vaMToLiyo ane paiDAMvALI gADI jevo avAja thato mAlUma paDyo hato. savAre 10 vAgye to sakhata AMcako lAgyo hato ane rahyAM sahyAM khaMDero nIce tUTI paDyAM hatAM. 29 jUna 2 vAgye, ema da22oja be traNa AMcakA lAgatA. 4 julAI paroDhiye 3 vAgye ane da22oja eka, oNgasTa, sapTembaramAM traNa divasanA AMtare eka, oNkTobara AkhAmAM cha ane navembaramAM traNa AMcakA lAgyA hatA. A AMcakAonI asara mukhyatve kacchamAM vadhu jaNAI hatI. ekaMdare bhUja, aMjAra, mothorA, terA, koThArA, naLIyA, mAMDavI ane lakhapatamAM maLIne 1543 ghara nAza pAmyAM. keTalAMka mANaso ane jAnavarono nAza thayo. A dharatIkaMpa kalakattA, cunAra, poMDIcerI, amadAvAda, bharUca vagere zaheromAM paNa jaNAyo hato. A bhayaMkara bhUkaMpe saune ciMtAtura karI mUkyAM hatAM. zarIranA avayavo DhIlA paDelA, tema peTamAM eka prakAranI becenI jaNAI hatI. e samayamAM ajaMpo cAlu hoya tema ekalA rahetAM bhaya lAgato. ahIM lokomAM nirAzA ane nirAdhAratAnI lAgaNI tenA mukha para ane vANImAM varatAtI hatI. dhoDAo cAlatAM temanuM samatolapaNuM pathika traimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 0 6 For Private and Personal Use Only

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khotA, hAthIo bhayabhIta thaIne hAthIkhAnAmAMthI bhAgelA. A RtumAM kacchanI nadIo pANI vinAnI sUkI hoya che. A dharatIkaMpathI e nadInA taTa, thoDI miniTo sudhI pANIthI bharAI gayA hatA, pachI dhIme dhIme pANI samI gayAM hatAM. khINamAMnI nadIo ane retALa bhAgavALI nadIomAM A banAva banyo hato. kUvAo paNa badhe UbharAI gayA hatA. keTaleka sthaLe jamInamAMthI 12 thI 20 phUTanA gherAvAmAM pANI UchaLIne paDatuM hatuM. A dharatIkaMpathI kacchanA pUrva ane pazcima bhAga jyAM thaIne siMdhunuM vaheNa jatuM hatuM, te raNa ane bhUmivibhAgane vizeSa asara thavA pAmI hatI. kaccha ane siMdha vaccenA traNa-cAra mAIlanA gALAmAM 4 thI 24 phUTa pANI vadhyuM hatuM enI pUrve saikAthI vahANa emAM AvI zakatAM nahi te have AvI zake evuM thaI gayuM. siMdhu nadInI zAkhA jyAM raNa AgaLa joDAya che, e hada paranuM kacchanuM siMdarI gAma dharatIkaMpathI jaLamaya thaI gayuM hatuM. phakta gAmanI dIvAlanA mathALAnA bhAga pharatAM pANI upara najare paDe che. pUrve kacchamAM dharatIkaMpo thayA hovA joIe, kemake evI keTalIka nizAnIo tyAMnI jamInamAMthI maLI Ave che. 11mI julAIe varSARtu zarU thaI te paNa sakhata ane nukazAnakArI nIvaDI hatI. ane tenI sAthe dharatIkaMpanA AMcakAoe lokone bhayabhIta karI mUkyAM hatAM. tenA pariNAme pAka niSphaLa gayo. 1812 ane 13 nA duSkALamAM anAja je bhAve vecAtuM te kiMmata Aje kacchamAM anAjanI che. Ama uparAuparI kudaratI Aphato ane Apattio sAme manuSya bebasa ane lAcAra jaNAto hato, chatAM tenuM khamIra khoyuM na hatuM. A dharatIkaMpane lIdhe kacchanA raNanA amuka bhAgamAM jabarajasta bhUstarIya pheraphAro thaI gayA hatA. dharatIkaMpanI tIvratAmAM AvA akaLa pheraphAro joIne olDahAma evuM sUcana kare che ke A dharatIkaMpanuM kharuM kAraNa UMDANamAM AvelI zIlAonI jAtamAM ekadama thayela pheraphAra che. AvA pheraphAro ja AMcakAnI utpattinuM kAraNa che. A dharatIkaMpanA madhyabiMdunuM kSetra kacchamAM AveluM hatuM. dharatI pANInAM mojAMnI mAphaka sakhata dhrUjatI hatI. A madhyabiMduno pradeza kAThiyAvADa tarapha prasaryo hoya tema lAge che. joDiyA gAma AkhuM nAza pAmyuM. pazcima taraphanA khullA pradezamAM tirADo paDI ane kALI retiyA ane kAMkaDiyA jamIna nIkaLI AvI. kyAMka to kALI bhInI mATI paNa nIkaLI hatI. A ja vakhate jesalameramAM lAgelA AMcakAthI lokonI jiMdagInI khuvArI thaI hatI. eka jagyAe lagnanA jamaNavAramAM beThelA badhA mANaso gharonI nIce dabAI gayA hatA. kheDA, vaDodarA, bharUca, sUrata, muMbaI, madrAsa, kalakattA ane brahmadeza (barmA) sudhI enA AMcakAnI asara pahoMcI hatI. jUna, 1819mAM amadAvAdamAM dharatIkaMpano bhayaMkara AMcako lAgyo. jumA masjidanA jhUlatA minArA jamInadosta thayA zaheranI aneka imArato naSTa pAmI. jAnamAlanI moTI khuvArI thaI. te vakhate zaheranI vasati lagabhaga 82000 hatI. eka lagnamAM jamaNanI majhA lUMTI rahelAM 500 mANaso mRtyu pAmyAM. 13 oNgasTa, 1821mAM amadAvAdamAM bapore 2-41 kalAke dharatIkaMpanA AMcakA lAgyA hatA. 30 sekanDa rahelA AMcakAmAM khAsa kaMI jAnahAni thaI na hatI. vAtAvaraNamAM khAsa kaMI pheraphAra noMdhAyo na hato. na 26 oNgasTa, somavAra, 1833mAM bihAramAM thayelA dharatIkaMpa vize "AInA-e-sikaMdara" (Aina-iSikandar) nAmanA akhabAramAM 9 sapTe. 1833 nA roja vistRta vigato pragaTa thayelI. emAM jaNAvyA mujaba 'somavA2, 28 oNgasTa 1833nA roja mujhaphpharapuramAM sAMjanA samaye bhayaMkara bhUkaMpa Avelo. tyAra bAda ATha kalAka pachI pharI AMcakA lAgelA. bIjA divase savAra sudhImAM cha AMcakA AvelA-loko ghara choDI khullI jagyAmAM AvI gayA. masjida, sIvIlakorTanI chata ane mIra jApharazAhanuM makAna paDI gayA hatA. ajhImAbAda (paTanA)mAM pathika traimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 + 7 For Private and Personal Use Only

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paNa A dharatIkaMpanI asara thaI hatI. 27 oNgasTanA savAranA 10 vagyAnI AsapAsa moMghI2 ane AjubAjunA vistAramAM muzaLadhAra varasAda paDyo. moTI saMkhyAmAM gharo paDI gayAM. divasanA madhyabhAgamAM nadI taraphathI bhayaMkara avAja sAthe dharatIkaMpa zarU thayo, je be miniTa cAlu rahyo, jene lIdhe loko potAnuM samatolapaNuM gumAvI beThAM ane moTI imArato pAyAmAMthI tUTI paDI. A prakriyA 3 miniTa cAlI pachI baMdha thaI gaI. A prakriyA daramyAna eka paNa ghara ke imArata bacavA pAmI na hatI. A dharatIkaMpe nIce samataladharA ane upara AkAza banAvI dIdhuM hatuM. bhAgalapuramAM paNa tenI ghaNI asara thaI hatI. A bhUkaMpamAM ghaNAM mANasonAM mRtyu thayAM hatAM. 26 oNgasTa, 1833nA roja nepAlamAM paNa dharatIkaMpe tArAjI verI hatI. savAre 11 vAgye AvelA AMcakAthI resiDensI hAusa ane ophisane nukasAna thayuM hatuM. nepAlanA resiDenTa bI.eca.hoDasananA riporTa mujaba pATanagara kAThamaMDumAM 130 makAna paDI gayA ane 25 mANaso maryAM. bhaTagAMva, pATaNa, deva-pATaNa ane anya jagyAe mANaso ane mAlamilakatane ghaNuM nukazAna thayuM. bhaTagAMvamAM 120 maryAM. ahIMnuM jagannAtha maMdira ane bhImasena minAra paDI gayA. pATaNa darabAragaDha bhAMgIne bhukko thaI gayo. bIjo mukhya AMcako 6 vAgye Avyo. emAM rahI sahI imArato tUTI paDI. nepAlanA mahArAjA ane kuTuMbIjano ghavAyAM. teo bhaMDArakhaMDamAM Azaro laI rahyAM che. 19 phebruArI, 1842nA roja aphaghAnistAna ane bhArata dharatIkaMpathI dhrUjI UThyA hatA. temAM jalAlAbAda zaherano trIjo bhAga nAza pAmyo hato. pezAvaramAM ghaNAM mANaso maryAM hatAM. pezAvaramAM AvelA garama pANInA jharA ThaMDA thaI gayA hatA. A dharatIkaMpe 2 lAkha 60 hajAra co.mI.mAM hAhAkAra phelAvI dIdho hato. e ja sadInA aMta bhAgamAM baMgALanA upasAgaramAM dharatIkaMpa thayo hato. te eTalo badho vyApaka hato ke enA AMcakA kAlikaTa, uMTAkAmaMDa ane AgrA sudhI lAgyA hatA. 20 lAkha co.mI.mAM phelAyelI A dharatIkaMpanI asarathI brahmadeza(barmA)mAM kAdavano eka jvALAmukhI phATyo hato. 1842mAM nyujhIlenDamAM dharatIkaMpanA lagabhaga 30-35 divasa sudhI vAraMvAra AMcakA lAgyA hatA. rojanA lagabhaga 1800 AMcakA lAgatA hatA. eprila, 1843mAM hiMdanA dakhkhaNa vistAramAM mAtra eka ja sakhata dharatIkaMpa thayo che. Ane lIdhe puSkaLa nukazAna thayuM hatuM ane teno madhyabiMdu-pradeza belArI najIka hato. 1850thI noMdhAyelA sakhata dharatIkaMponuM udbhavasthAna himAlaya athavA siMdhu, gaMgA, brahmaputrAnuM medAna hatuM. 29 eprila, 1864mAM amadAvAdamAM dharatIkaMpa thayelo. dakSiNa-uttara dizAmAM 20 sekanDa bhayaMkara avAja sAthe thayo hato. 1874mAM oNsTriyAmAM thayelA dharatIkaMpathI ghaNI bhAMgaphoDa thaI hatI. 1875mAM iTalImAM AvI jAtanA dharatIkaMpanI kaMpArI vizALa pradezamAM phelAI hatI. 1876nA jeTha mahinAmAM amadAvAdamAM thayelA dharatIkaMpe ghaNuM nukazAna karyuM hatuM. 1887mAM iTalImAM dharatIkaMpa thayo tyAre nIsa (Nic) nagaramAM lokone je anubhava thayo tenuM varNana maLe che. jamIna pUrvathI pazcima dizAmAM asAdhAraNa rIte AMdolita thatI hatI ane sAthe jabarajasta AMcakA lAgatA hatA. dharatIkaMpathI khAsa karIne jApAnane khUba sahana karavuM paDe che. 30 thI 40 varSane aMtare tyAM atyaMta bhayAnaka pathika traimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 2 8 For Private and Personal Use Only

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dharatIkaMpo thatA rahyA che. 28 okTobara, 1891nA roja tyAM bhayaMkara dharatIkaMpa thayo hato. e vakhate 2000 mANaso mAryA gayA, lagabhaga 10,OO ghAyala thayA, 40 thI pa0 hajAra gharo nAza pAmyAM ane 12,000 gharo jIrNa thaI gayAM. dharatIkaMpano pahelo AMcako lAgyA pachI keTalAya divaso sudhI nAnA AMcakAo lAgatA rahyA ane dareka AMcakA pahelAM toponA jevA bhayaMkara avAjo AvatA rahyA hatA. dharatIkaMpathI thayelA pArAvAra nukazAnamAM vAvAjhoDA ane varasAdanI tabAhIe umero karyo. AsapAsa mahollAmAM muDadAM saDatAM hatAM ane kharAba badabo prasarI rahI hatI. A dharatIkaMpane lIdhe honDo TApunI dharatI eka cheDAthI bIjA cheDA sudhI 100 mAIlanI laMbAImAM svarabhaMga para sarakI hatI. eka bAju 20 phUTa UMcI thaI gaI hatI ane bIjI bAju 12 phUTa besI gaI hatI. e vakhate loko mAnasika samatulA gumAvI lagabhaga gAMDA jevA thaI gayA hatA. 1896mAM AIsalenDamAM paNa dharatIkaMpa thayo hato. ahIM eka gAIjharamAMthI varALa mizrita pANInI sera 600 phUTa UMce UDatI hatI. eka jUno gAIjhara baMdha thaI gayo. samudramAM bhUkaMponuM pramANa vizeSa jaNAya che. mahAsAgaranuM taLiyuM dharatIkaMpathI khaLabhaLI UThe che. jene lIdhe mahAkAya mojAM utpanna thAya che. ene jApAnI bhASAnA zabda parathI "sunAmI" kahevAmAM Ave che. A sunAmI vinAzaka zakti dharAve che. I.sa. 1896mAM jApAnamAM sunAmI lagabhaga 93 phUTa UMcuM thaIne kAMThA upara caDI AvyuM hatuM. ane jAnamAlanI gaMbhIra khuvArI karI hatI. eka jahAjane UMcakIne teNe kAMThAthI 900 phUTa dUra dharatI para caDAvI dIdhuM. 12 jUna, 1897nA roja bapore 11-00 vAgyA pachI AsAmamAM garjanA sAthe bhUkaMpa thayo hato. jagatamAM thayelA vinAzaka bhUkaMpo paikI te eka hato. te 16 lAkha co.mAM.mAM phelAyo hato. pATanagara siloMga ane tenI AsapAsanA pradezane verAna banI jatAM eka miniTa paNa na lAgI. pahADo tUTI paDyA. dharatI cirAI gaI. pattharo UchaLyA. dharatImAMthI retI, kAdava ane pANInA phuvArA phUTyA. nadInALAMnAM taLiyAM UMcAM nIcAM thaI javAthI vaheNamAM vikSepa paDyo. khetIvADI ane mAlamilakatane ghaNuM ja nukazAna pahoMcyuM. eka varSa sudhI dharatIkaMpanA , seMkaDo nAnA AMcakA lAgatA rahyA. golapADA, govAhATI, siloMga, navargIva ane silahaTa nagaro lagabhaga nAza. pAmyAM, lagabhaga 4 thI 6 hajAra mANaso maraNa pAmyA hatA. 1897mAM kacchamAM dharatIkaMpa thayo. jemAM bhUjano lagabhaga nAza thaI gayo. Azare 1200 mANaso mAryA gayA. kacchanA moTA raNanA pazcima vistAramAM siMghaDI nAmanuM gAma dariyAmAM DUbI gayuM. siMdhamAMthI korInALa dvArA mIThuM pANI lakhapatanA pradezane maLatuM jenA vaDe cokhAnI khetI thatI. paraMtu A bhUkaMpe tenI ADe 15 mAIla lAMbo vAMko cUko baMdha banAvI dIdho. je allAhanA baMdha tarIke oLakhAya che. tethI siMdhunuM pANI AvatuM baMdha thaI gayuM. Ama, A dharatIkaMpe kacchane vadhu verAna banAvavAmAM phALo Apyo. 4 eprila, 1905mAM himAlayanI taLeTImAM Avela kAMgarA, dharmazALA vagere zaheromAM savAre 9-00 vAgye bhayaMkara dharatIkaMpa thayo hato. A dharatIkaMpanA kendramAM ghaNAM zahero AvI jatAM hovAthI nukazAna vadhu thavA pAmyuM hatuM. kAMgarA, dharmazALA zahero taddana nAza pAmyAM hatAM. ane AsapAsanAM gAmaDAmAM paNa 20 thI 30 TakA vastI ghara nIce daTAIne mRtyu pAmI hatI. dahedAdUna nainitAla, simalA, algorA vagere ThekANe ghaNuM nukazAna thayuM hatuM. himAlayamAM kAMgaDA ane kula vacce tathA masUrI ane daherAdUna vacce dharatInA peTALamAM bhaMgANa paDyuM hatuM. tethI A dharatIkaMpa thayo hato. tenAM mojAM aphaghAnistAna, gujarAta ane suMdaravana (baMgALa) sudhI pharI vaLyAM. A dharatIkaMpa asAdhAraNa vinAzaka hato. mojAMnI sarerAza jhaDapa sekanDanA 1.9ra mAIla gaNAI che. pathika saimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 09 For Private and Personal Use Only

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31mI jAnyuArI, 1906mAM amerikAnA pazcima kinAre kolaMbIyA pradezamAM eka bhayaMkara dharatIkaMpa thayo hato. ene laIne keTalAMye zahero ane gAmaDAM nAza pAmyAM hatAM. ane khAsa karIne eka dhyAna kheMce evI vastu to eka TApunuM taddana adazya thavuM e hatI. TApu samudramAM dhIme dhIme samAI gayo hato, eTale ghaNAM kharAM manuSyo hoDImAM besIne bacI jaI zakyAM hatAM. A dharatIkaMpanuM kendra samudramAM hatuM. ane ethI dariyAnuM tophAna paNa phATI nIkaLyuM hatuM. e vakhatano dharatIkaMpano AMcako eTalo sakhata hato ke pRthvInI samagra sapATI dhrUjI UThI hatI. e ja varSamAM eprilanI 31mI tArIkhe pharIthI eka bhayAnaka dharatIkaMpa thayo ane ene laIne paNa hajAro mANaso ane imArato nAza pAmyAM. jamInamAM Thera Thera cIrA paDI gayA. keTaleka ThekANe to cIrA paDIne paNa ekAeka saMdhAI paNa gayA hatA. khAsa karIne sAna phrAnsisko zaheramAM khuba nukazAna thayuM hatuM. 18mI eprila, 1906mAM prabhAte 5-12 miniTe keliphorniyA (amerikA)mAM thayelo starabhaMga vizvavikrama dharAve che. sAna AnDrIAsanA pradezamAM samudrakAMThe ane DuMgarAomAM 500 mAIlanI laMbAImAM te joI zakAto hato. A starabhaMga para sAna phrAnsisko jevuM mahAnagara vaseluM che. pahelo AMcako Azare 40 sekanDa sudhI lAgyo hato, moTA bhAganA loko hajI nidrAdhIna hatA. tyAre sAna phrAnsisko, sAna josa, sAntA rosA vagere zahero hacamacI gayAM. pAkAM makAno hovAne lIdhe kacarAI maravAnA banAva ochA banyA. paraMtu Thera Thera Aga phATI nIkaLI. Azare 700 mANaso mAryA gayA. be karoDa DolaranI kiMmatanI milkatano nAza to ekalA sAna phrAnsiskomAM thayo. bIjAM nagaromAM 40 lAkha DolaranuM nukazAna thayuM. sAna phrAnsiskomAM Aga ThAravI muzkela thaI paDI. kAraNa ke dharatIkaMpathI pANInI pAIpa lAIno tUTI gaI. AgamAM lagabhaga AkhuM zahera nAza pAmyuM. teno jhaDapathI jIrNoddhAra karavAmAM Avyo. 1907mAM ikaveDoramAM Avela bhUkaMpano rikTara skela 8.2 no hato. ikveDora ane kolaMbiyA pAse bhayAnaka tsunAmI samudrI mojAM UchaLyAM hatAM ane 1500 mANaso mRtyu pAmyAM hatAM. madhya amerikAnA aneka samudrI taTo upara tenI asara thaI hatI. uttaramAM cheka sAna phrAnsisko sudhI mojAM pharI vaLyAM hatAM. pazcime jApAna sudhI tenI asara pahoMcI hatI. vAIluku ane vAIlona nadIo pahelAM sukAI gaI hatI ane pachI samudrI bharatImAM gAyaba thaI gaI hatI.. 8 eprila, 1915 mAM himAlayanI taLeTImAM AvelA kAMgaDAnI khINapradezamAM thayelo dharatIkaMpa ghaNo bhayaMkara hato. e vakhate pazcima bhAgamAM aphaghAnistAna ane siMdhathI mAMDIne pUrva bhAgamAM cheka jagannAthapurI sudhI tenI tAMDavIlAnA bhoga banelAM manuSyonI saMkhyA 20,000 sudhI pahoMcelI, bIjI pAyamAlI to judI. 11 navembara, 1922nA roja divase 4.33 vAgye madhyacilInA aMtarAmA raNa vistAramAM 8.3nI mAtrAno dharatIkaMpa thayo hato. tsunAmI samudrI mojAMthI bhAre tabAhI thaI hatI. havAInA hilo zahera, honolulumAM A mojAMne lIdhe ghaNuM nukazAna thayuM hatuM. aneka nAvo kinAre pheMkAI gaI hatI. 1 lI sapTembara ane 1 lI Disembara 1923mAM jApAnamAM Avela dharatIkaMpe bhayAnaka svarUpa pakaDyuM hatuM. A dharatIkaMpa pAMca miniTa rahyo hato. AmAM Tokiyo zahera nAza pAmyuM hatuM ane UbhAM rahelAM gharo tyAra pachI phATI nIkaLelI AgamAM bhasmIbhUta thaI gayAM hatAM. yokohAmA zaheramAM to eka paNa ghara UbhuM rahevA pAmyuM na hatuM. A dharatIkaMpamAM be lAkha jeTalA manuSyonA prANa gayA. yokohAmAmAM ja eka lAkha mANaso maryA hatA ane 50 hajAra manuSyo to kyAM gayAM teno patto ja nahoto. te uparAMta eka lAkha mANaso ijA pAmelAM. Tokiyo, yokohAmA uparAMta AsapAsanAM gAmaDAMmAM jAnamAla-milakatane pArAvAra nukazAna pahoMcyuM hatuM. Ama chatAM e udyamI ane pathika traimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 = 10 For Private and Personal Use Only

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khaMtIlI prajAe thoDA ja vakhatamAM e zaheronI pharI racanA karI ane ekabe varSamAM pAchAM pagabhara banAvI dIdhAM. 1928mAM jApAnane dhrujAvI janAra bhUkaMpa prazAnta mahAsAgaranA taLiyAthI 254 mAIla UDe thayo hato. navembara, 1929mAM nyuyorkanI pUrve 800 mAIla dUra ATalAnTika mahAsAgaramAM bhayaMkara bhUkaMpa thayo hato. amerikA ane yuropa vacce samudrane taLiye jatA kebala dvArA tArasaMdezA baMdha thaI gayA. tajJoe tapAsa karI to jaNAyuM ke mahAsAgarane taLiye dhAtunAM bAra doraDAM tUTI gayAM hatAM. seMkaDo mAIlonA vistAramAM taLiyuM ra5 phUTa nIce besI gayuM hatuM. AthI nIcethI Teko besI jatAM doraDAM addhara thaI gayAM ane potAnA bhArathI tUTI paDyAM. keTalIkavAra dharatIkaMpa pracaMDa avAjo sAthe phATI nIkaLe che ane A avAjo 10 thI 20 mAIla sudhI saMbhaLAya che nyUjhIlenDanA 19ra9nA dharatIkaMpa vakhate evA pracaMDa avAjo saMbhaLAyA hatA, ane ethI lokomAM bhayaMkara trAsa vartI rahyo hato. 1933mAM jApAnanA sArika kAMThe mahAsAgaramAM taLiyAnA dharatIkaMpathI utpanna thatAM sunAmI mojuM caDI AvyuM. te upasAgaramAM dAkhala thayuM tyAre tenI UMcAI traNa mITara hatI, kAMThA pAse pahoMcyuM tyAre 23 mITara UMcuM thaI gayuM. tsunAmInI jhaDapa kalAkanA 450-500 mAIla hoya che. 1934 nI 15mI jAnyuArI bihAranA bhayaMkara dharatIkaMpanA mukhya AMcakA agAu traNa halakA AMcakA lAgyA hatA. 1pamI thI 20mI jAnyuArI sudhImAM alIpuranA sasmogrAphamAM bIjA 28 AMcakA aMkita thayA hatA. hiMdanA A dharatIkaMpamAM bihAra ane nepALamAM maLIne lagabhaga ra0 thI rapa hajAra manuSyono saMhAra thayo. 1934nA bihAranA bhUkaMpano anubhava paM. javAharalAle AtmakathAmAM lakhyo che. temAM rAhatakArya upADI laIne sva.Do. rAjendrabAbue potAnI vyavasthAzakti batAvI ApI. 19 lAkha co.mA.mAM pharI vaLelo A bhUkaMpa bapora pachI savA be vAgye thayo. traNa miniTamAM to uttara bihAramAM moMghIra ane nepALamAM kAThamaMDu dharAzAyI banI gayAM. motIhArI-sItAmaDhI-madhubAnInA bhUgarbhamAM A bhUkaMpano udbhava thayo hato ane u.bihAra, u.baMgALa ane nepALanAM badhAM nagaro ane gAmamAM jayAM juo tyAM bhaMgAra najare paDato hato. A ja varSe cInamAM 22 jAnyuArIe dharatIkaMpano bhayaMkara AMcako lAgyo hato. ane ra9 jAnyuArIe meksikomAM vinAzaka dharatIkaMpa thayo hato. 31mI me, 1935nA roja kveTA (balucistAna)mAM madharAte thayelo dharatIkaMpa evo ja vinAzaka hato. tenI mAtrA 7 nI hatI. paraMtu te sthAnika' hato. thoDI kSaNomAM kveTAnagara kabrastAnamAM pheravAI gayuM ane ra5 thI 50 hajAra mANaso daTAI maryA. jAnanI A khuvArI sAMkaDI zerIone laIne thaI hatI. A saMkaDAmaNane lIdhe lokone mATe sahIsalAmata jagyAe pahoMcavuM azakya banyuM hatuM. kveTA ane kalAtanI vacce 68 x 16 mAIlanA vistAramAM ja tenI vadhu vinAzaka asara jaNAI hatI. tema chatAM kveTAmAM teNe abhUtapUrva vinAza karyo. pAse ja briTiza sainyanI chAvaNI hatI. aMgreja sainikoe tarata kveTAne gherI lIdhuM, jethI lUMTaphATa na thAya, ane rAhatakArya zarU karI dIdhuM. ra6 jUna, 1938mAM kAThiyAvADamAM rAjakoTanI pUrvamAM Azare 30 mAIla dUra Avela pALiyAda gAmamAM dharatIkaMpanI prakriyA zarU thaI ane 15 mI ogasTa sudhI e kaMpanA AMcakA cAlu rahyA hatA. e AMcakAnI vipulatAmAM khUba pheraphAra thayA karato hato. 12mI julAI, bapore 3-45 vAgye, 20 mI julAI sAMjanA 4-20 vAgye ane ra3mI julAI sAMjanA 5-35 vAgye lAgelA AMcakAo sauthI vadhAre joradAra ane sakhata hatA. ra3mI julAIe pALiyAdano dharatIkaMpa tenI parAkASThAe pahoMcyoM hato. zarUAtanA nukazAnamAM, pALiyAda gAmamAM ekAda pathika saimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 0 11 For Private and Personal Use Only

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nabaLI mATInI dIvAla tUTI paDI hatI; bAkI to dIvAlomAM thoDI ghaNI tirADo paDI hatI. paraMtu 23 mI julAInA sakhata AMcakAne lIdhe khUba nukazAna thavA pAmyuM hatuM. A AMcako eTalo badho joradAra hato ke tenI asara cheka vIramagAma, bhAvanagara, morabI ane rAjakoTa sudhI pahoMcI hatI. A dharatIkaMpa vakhate dareka AMcakAnI agAu dhImA gaDagaDATavALA avAjo noMdhAyA che. AMcako na lAgyo hoya chatAM AvA ghaNA avAjo noMdhAyA che. pALiyAdavAsIo ane bAjunAM gAmaDAMmAM rahenArAoe dharatIkaMpa kadI anubhavyo nahoto eTale AvA moTA avAjo ane AMcakAne lIdhe teo svAbhAvika rIte jyabhIta thaI gayA hatA. aneka tarehanI vicitra vAto ane gapagoLA cAlu thayA hatA. kheDUta karatAM vepArIvarganA mANaso vadhAre bhayagrasta dekhAtA hatA. pariNAme 14mI julAI sudhImAM je lokonI zakti hatI te loko badhA gAma choDI cAlI gayA hatA. kheDUto potAnAM DhoraDhAMkharanI saMbhALa rAkhavA rahyA hatA. teo pUranI bIke UMcI jamIna para taMbuo ane chAparAM bAMdhIne rahetA hatA. kAThiyAvADamAM be dharatIkaMpa noMdhAyA che. temAM eka pALiyAdano ane bIjo pALiyAdathI 12 mAIla dUra rANapura gAme thayo hato. baMne dharatIkaMponI asara pALiyAda ane tenI AsapAsa thaI hatI. e sUcave che ke A pradezanA bhUgarbhamAM dharatIkaMpone anukULa koI khAsa tattva AveluM che. kacchanA 1819nA mahAna dharatIkaMpa vakhate madhyakAThiyAvADa nukazAnamAMthI bacI gayuM hatuM. bhUtakALamAM AvA moTA dharatIkaMpo ghaNA lAMbA gALe thAya che. jyAM kAMpa jAmavAthI jamIna banI che, evA pradezanA sImADe sakhata nukazAna thavAno saMbhava che. madhyakAThiyAvADamAM to jamInanI sapATIthI thoDA iMca nIce sarvatra sakhata paththaranuM AcchAdana che. tethI moTA dharatIkaMpa kAThiyAvADamAM thAya e lagabhaga asaMbhavita che. 1939mAM dakSiNa amerikAmAM cilapradezamAM samudramAM 43 mAIla UMDe dharatIkaMpa thayo hato. pRthvInA tharo 43 mAIla UMDe plAsTika dazAmAM hoya che. pRthvInA peTALamAM kiraNotsargI padArthonA kiraNotsarganI garamI ghaNI vadhI gaI hoya tethI phUlelo lAvArasa jora karatAM uparanA khaDakonA tharo dhaNeNI UThe che. 1939mAM bihAramAM bhUkaMpa thayo tenI mAtrA 8.2 nI hatI. jemAM 10 hajAra mANaso mAryA gayA hatA. navembara, 1945mAM balucistAnanA makarANa kAMThe samudramAM dharatIkaMpa thayo. tenuM eka vicitra pariNAma AvyuM. samudramAMthI kAdavano eka jvALAmukhI bahAra Avyo. tethI samudramAM 40 phUTa UMcAM mojAM UchaLyAM ane te muMbaI sudhI pahoMcyAM tyAre tenI UMcAI sADA cha phUTa hatI. muMbaInA samudrakAMThA parathI keTalAka mANaso taNAI gayA hatA. 1944 ane 1946mAM jApAnamAM ane 1949mAM kolaMbIyAmAM 8.1 rikTara skelanA vinAzaka dharatIkaMpo thayelA. 15mI ogasTa, 1950nA roja AsAmamAM garjanA sAthe dharatIkaMpa thayo hato. jayAre dezamAM svAtaMtrya dinanA utsavanA dIvA jhagamagyA tyAre AsAmamAM vagaDAmAM chAvaNI nAkhIne paDelA eka aMgreje A dharatIkaMpa joIne ane anubhavIne tenuM varNana lakhyuM che. lakhImapura, zivasAgara, sadiyA ane himAlayanA vikTa pahADomAM thayelA A dharatIkaMpathI ThekaThekANe DuMgara tUTIne nadInALAmAM paDavAthI pANIno pravAha aTakI gayo ane pachI jayAre bahu pANI bharAvAthI e baMdha tUTyA tyAre pralayakArI pUra AvyAM. paraMtu sadbhAgye A dharatIkaMpa mahadaMze nirjana pradezamAM thayo hato tethI jAnamAlanI khuvArI ochI thaI hatI. dharatIkaMpa karatAM pUrathI jAnamAlanI vadhu khuvArI thaI. subAnasITI khAte rokAI gayelI nadI pharI zarU thatAM cotarapha pUra pharI vaLyAM hatAM. mojAM 7 mITara jeTalAM UMcAM thayAM hatAM. pa3ra mANaso pUramAM mRtyu pAmyA hatA. brahmaputrA sahita ghaNAM nadI-nALAMnAM vaheNa badalAI gayAM. pathika saimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 - 12 For Private and Personal Use Only

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1950mAM arUNAcala pradezamAM thayela bhUkaMpanI mAtrA 8.6 tathA 1951nA tibeTanA bhUkaMpanI 7.5 ane 19paramAM jApAnamAM bhUkaMpanI mAtrA 8.1 ane raziyAmAM 9.0 rikTara skela hovAnuM noMdhAyuM che. 19paramAM raziyAmAM Avela bhUkaMpamAM tsunAmI dariyAI mojAMe kAmacatakAkSetramAM tArAjI sarjI hatI. A rAkSasI mojAMne lIdhe hoDIo kinAre phaMgoLAI gaI hatI. makAno DhaLI paDyAM hatAM. baMdaranA pAkA dhakkA nAza pAmyA hatA. retALa kinArA upara pANI pharI vaLyAM hatAM. vRkSo DhaLI paDyAM hatAM. paraMtu jAnahAni thaI na hatI. oAhunA uttarI kinAre bhAre nukazAna thayuM hatuM. havAI TApumAMnI nAnIloA hoTala nAza pAmI hatI. makAno pAyAmAMthI UkhaDI gayAM hatAM. hilonagara ane kuhulUI elsavila bhAgamAM pArAvAra nukazAna thayuM hatuM. ahIM mojAMnI UMcAI 10.4 mI. jeTalI hatI. 1952mAM elAskAmAM Avela bhUkaMpanI mAtrA 8.2nI hatI. aDAka TApu upara priphebrikeTeDa lAkaDAMnAM gharomAM tirADo paDI gaI hatI. romyATApu ane AmacitakA TApu upara pANI pharI vaLyAM. sunAmI mojAMnI UMcAI 10.7 mITara hatI. 21 julAI, 1956 mAM kacchamAM thayelA pracaMDa bhUkaMpe pharI vinAzalIlA verelI. kacchanI dharatI para rAtre lagabhaga 9 vAgye 7 nI tIvratAvALA bhUkaMpathI AkhuM aMjAra zahera jamInadosta thaI gayeluM. AjubAjunAM 15 gAmaDAMomAM lagabhaga 3 thI 10 sekanDa sudhI dhrujarI cAlI hatI. 21 julAInA prathama AMcakA pachI rAtre 1145 vAgye tathA rara julAInI savAre 5 vAgye, 25 julAI savAre 10-45 vAgye ane ra7 julAI 11-45 vAgye dharatIkaMpanA AMcakA anubhavAyA hatA. paraMtu prathama AMcakAe ja krUra saMhAra sajaryo hato. A dharatIkaMpane lIdhe 115nAM mRtyu ane pa33ne gaMbhIra IjA thaI hatI. 2225 makAno jamInadosta thayAM hatAM. ane 6051 gharomAM tirADo paDI gaI hatI. je rahevA lAyaka rahyAM na hatAM. A dharatIkaMpane lIdhe 130 ghara ane pa00 mANasonI vasativALuM juNe gAma jamInadosta thaI gayuM hatuM. 18 ogasTa 1956nA roja bhAratanA vaDApradhAna javAharalAla naherue A vistAranI mulAkAta laI suraNa gAma navuM vasAvavAnuM ane tene "javAharanagara' tarIke sthApavAnI toraNavidhi karI hatI. A dharatIkaMpanA AMcakA amadAvAdamAM paNa anubhavAyA hatA. 1957mAM alAskAmAM bhISaNa dharatIkaMpa thayo, jemAM eDAka TApunA be pulano nAza thayo. gharone puSkaLa nukazAna thayuM. rastAo para UMDI tirADo paDI gaI. minAka TApunA eka baMdarano dhakko naSTa thaI gayo. visevIDopha javALAmukhI parvata ra00 varSathI zAMta hato, te phATayo. Ane lIdhe samudramAM 8 mITara UMcAM tsunAmI mojAM UchaLyAM, jene kAraNe kinArAnAM makAno dhovAI gayAM. sAhu ane kAzmaI TApu para mAla-milakatane bhAre nukazAna thayuM. sunAmI mojAMe keliphorniyAnA sAna DiyegA upasAgara najIka khUba ja nukazAna karyuM hatuM. A mojAM cilI, ala sAlvADora, jApAna ane prazAMta mahAsAgaranA aneka dezo sudhI prasaryA hatAM. 1957mAM boTiyana AIlenDamAM thayelA bhUkaMpanI mAtrA 9.1 ane moMgoliyAmAM 8.1 nI mAtrA tathA 1958 mAM kurila AIlesamAM mAtra 8.3 ane 1960mAM sadharna AIlenDamAM bhUkaMpanI mAtrA 9.5 rikTara skela hovAnuM noMdhAyuM che. 1960mAM cilImAM thayelA bhUkaMpane lIdhe pedA thayelA samudrI tsunAmI mojAM samagra pesiphika beminamAM pharI vaLyAM hatAM. bhUkaMpanI mAtrA 8.6 nI hatI. hilo akhAta vagere moTA bhAganA aDadho aDadha kSetramAM tArAjI phelAI gaI. 20 meTrika Tana vajananA khaDako kinArA pAsethI UkhaDIne 180 mITara dUra sudhI kheMcAI gayA hatA. havAI TApumAM pazcima ane dakSiNa kinAre vadhu nukazAna thayuM hatuM. 61 manuSyo mRtyu pAmyA ane 43 IjAgrasta noMdhAyA hatA. pathika * saimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 * 13 For Private and Personal Use Only

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2 sapTembara, 196ra nA roja munakrUjArA-IrAnamAM rAtre 10-55 vAgye vinAzaka bhUkaMpa Avelo. jemAM IrAnamAM naiRtya koNamAM vaselAM 75 gAmaDA ane zahero samudramAM DUbI gayAM. hajAro loko mRtyunA mukhamAM dhakelAI gayA. - 1964mAM sagharna alAskAmAM Avela bhUkaMpanI mAtrA 9.2 tathA 1965 eTalAnTiyana AIlenDamAM 4.7 ane 1968 mAM jApAnamAM 8.2 rikTara skela megnITyUDa hovAnuM noMdhAyuM che. 28 mArca, 1964mAM alAskAmAM dharatIkaMpane kAraNe utpanna thayelAM samudra mojAM tsunAmIne kAraNe 110 ane bhUkaMpane kAraNe 15 mANaso maryA hatA. aneka zahero ane gAmo dharAzAyI thayAM hatAM. jemAM koreja, ziTInA, glenAlana, homara, hopa, kesIlopha, kenAI, koDiyAka, mujhapAsa, poTeja, selovIyA, vAlvejha, vahITara kSetramAM vadhu tArAjI thaI hatI. albana ane keneDA, amerikAno pazcima kinAro (15 mRtyu) ane havAI TApuone nukazAna thayuM hatuM. kyubA ane yukeTo rIkomAM paNa samudramAM bharatI AvI hatI. 13 sapTe., 1967nA roja mahArASTramAM koyanAnagarano bhUkaMpa rikTara skela upara danI mAtrAno hato. jyAre 10-11 Disembara 1967mAM koyanA nadInA baMdha pAse vahelI savAre 4-rara vAgye dharatI dhrujI UThI. A dharatIkaMpa 7.5 mAtrAno hato.koyanAnagara AkhuM nAza pAmyuM. AsapAsanA ghaNAM gAmaDAMonAM makAno tUTI paDyAM. e vakhate 175 mANaso maryA hatA. A dharatIkaMpanI asara surata, govA ane beMgalora sudhI anubhavAI. dakhkhaNano pradeza dharatIkaMpanI bAbatamAM sthira ane salAmata che. paraMtu pazcimaghATanI parvatamALA banavAne kAraNe kAMThAno vistAra pholTI jhona che. bhAratamAM te moTA starabhaMgamAM gaNAya che. - ra7-28 julAI, 1976 nA roja cInamAM rAtre 1-15 vAgye bhayAnaka bhUkaMpa Avyo. jemAM sarakArI AMkaDA anusAra 7 lAkha 5 hajAra loko mRtyu pAmyA. A bhUkaMpe cInanI rAjadhAnI bIjIMgathI 150 kilomITara sudhI nukazAna karyuM hatuM. tAMgazAnanagara kolasAnI khANa upara Ubhu hatuM. AkhuM gAma dharAzAyI thaI jatAM 5,50,000 mANaso mRtyu pAmyA hatA. 1977mAM inDoneziyAmAM 8.3 tathA 1989mAM osTreliyAmAM 8.2 ane 1991mAM sadharna keliphorniyAmAM bhUkaMpanI mAtrA 7.5 rikTara skela noMdhAyela. 1988mAM ArmeniyA (raziyA) kSetramAM bhUkaMpane lIdhe 60,000 mANaso maryA hatA. khAsa tAlIma pAmelA kUtarAno upayoga mRtakone zodhavA mATe karyo hato. 1992mAM inDoneziyAmAM 6.8nI tIvratA sAthe AvelA bhUkaMpe ra00 lokono bhoga lIdho hato. 30 jAnyuArI 1993nA roja mahArASTramAM lAturamAM thayelA dharatIkaMpane lIdhe para gAmo dharAzAyI thayAM. lAtura ane osmAnAbAda jillAmAM 10 hajAra loko motane bheTyA. 16 hajAra IjAgrasta thayA. 1 lAkha 87 hajAra makAno nAza pAmyAM. lAturamAM dharatIkaMpa thayAne 7 varSa vItI gayAM hovA chatAM tyAM dara mahine eka bhUkaMpano AMcako Ave che. 1993mAM kelIphorniyAnI dakSiNe AvelA meksikomAM jabaradasta bhUkaMpa sarjAyo hato. temAM hajAro lokoe jAna gumAvyA hatA. meksikonA pesephika kAMThAnA lAjhAra kArDanAsa khAte dharatIkaMpane lIdhe relvenA pATA mAIlo sudhI sarpAkAramAM pheravAI gayA hatA. kelIphorniyA rAjayanA sAna enDriyAsa bhUkaMpa vistArane aDIne AvelA losa enjalasa ane pArkaphIlDa vistAramAM bhUkaMpa e ajANI ghaTanA nathI. pArkaphIlDamAM chellAM doDhaso varSamAM sarerAza dara bAvIsa varSe eka bhUkaMpa sarjAya che. amerikAnI nezanala arthakaveka priDikzana kAunsila dvArA AgAhI thatI rahetI pathika * saimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 0 14 For Private and Personal Use Only

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hovAthI have kadAca bhUkaMpa sarjAya to khAsa nukazAna na thAya tevA pagalAM bharavAmAM AvyAM che. 1994mAM rila AIlenDamAM AvelA dharatIkaMpanI tIvratA 8.3 ane northa-vesTarna beliviyAmAM 8.2 tathA 1996mAM inDoneziyAmAM 8.2 rikTara skela noMdhAyela, 17 jAnyu., 1995nA roja vahelI savAre pa.46 vAgye jApAnanA kobe zahera upara 7.ra rikTara skelano bhUkaMpa trATakyo hato. kobe jApAnanuM huM sauthI moTuM nagara ane baMdara hatuM. avAjIsImA TApu (kobe thI 20 mAIla dUra)nI uttare bhUkaMpIya bhUkSati jovA maLI hatI. A pholTa 9 ki.mI. lAMbo hato. dharatIkaMpanA kAraNarUpa bhUmigata popaDAnI tirADo ane bhUmi upara phATo, mArgane thayeluM nukazAna, relvenuM nukazAna, punaH meLavelI jamIna upara pANI pharI vaLavuM, Aga, tUTI paDelI imArato, bhUprapAta A badhuM ja jANe kobemAM ekI sAthe jovA maLyuM hatuM. A bhUkaMpa lAMbA samaya sudhI sakriya rahyo hato. jamIna sAta iMca kSitija samAMtara taraMgo ane cAra iMca laMbataraMgomAM uchALA mAratI hatI. jApAnamAM ATalo bhayaMkara AMcako kyAreya jovA maLyo nahoto. niSNAto kahe che ke, kobenI eka tarapha sakhata roko parvata che to bIjI tarapha dariyAmAMthI meLavelI pocI jamIna che. AvA sthaLe eka tarapha sakhata bhUkaMpanA AMcakAnI tAkAta aneka gaNI vadhI jAya che. 1999mAM turkImAM vinAzaka bhUkaMpa thayelo. e ja varSamAM sapTembaramAM tAIvAnamAM 7.6 rikTara skelanA bhUkaMpamAM ra500 mANaso maryA hatA. jUna, 2008mAM inDoneziyAnA beMgakUla prAMtamAM AvelA bhUkaMpathI 1ra0 lokonAM mota thayAM hatAM. sumAtrA ane AsapAsanA vistAromAM paNa moTA AMcakA bAdanA AphaTarazoka noMdhAyA hatA. ogasTa-sapTembara 20OOmAM gujarAtanA bhAvanagara zaheramAM dharatIkaMpanA satata AMcakAo noMdhAyelA. jemAM makAnonI dIvAlomAM tirADo paDI gaI. loko satata bhaya nIce jIvatA hatA. 30 okTobara 2000nA roja jApAnamAM 7.1 mAtrAno bhUkaMpa Avelo jemAM 30 mANaso mRtyu pAmyA hatAM. 24 Disembara, ra008nA roja kacchabhujamAM 4.2 mAtrAno rikTara skela noMdhAyo hato. 13 jAnyu., ra001mAM ala sAlvADora (leTina amerikAmAM 7.7nI tIvratAvALA bhUkaMpamAM 827 mANasonAM mota thayAM hatAM. 2000 loko lApatA hatA. 18 jAnyuArI sAMje 5.3nI mAtrAvALA bhUkaMpanuM epI senTara sAna sAlvADora hatuM. ra6 jAnyuArI, 2001nA roja savAre 8.00 kalAke rikTara mApa mujaba AvelA 7.9nI tIvratAvALA atibhISaNa bhUkaMpe lagabhaga AkhAya gujarAtane hacamacAvI nAkhyuM. kAramo kera varatAI gayo. samagra bhuja, aMjAra ane bhacAu zahero kabrastAnamAM pheravAI gayAM. A uparAMta gAMdhIgAma, vadha, khirAI, rApara, dhoLAvIrA, kanavela ane jAkheTa jevAM nagaro ane gAmo 90% ke ochAvattA pramANamAM sApha thaI gayAM. aghorI, mAnapaTA, paroDiyA, aMbArI, Adipura, kukamA ane ratnAla paNa lagabhaga nAza pAmyAM che. amadAvAda paNa jhApaTamAM AvI gayuM. temAM navI baMdhAyelI ghaNI cAra majalAvALI temaja amuka bahumALI AvAsI imArato bhUkaMpanA jhaTakA sAthe ja dharAzAyI thaI gaI. kaccha ane amadAvAdamAM bhayaMkara khuvArI thaI, jAmanagara, rAjakoTa, surendranagara, bhAvanagara, amarelI, jUnAgaDha porabaMdara, pATaNa, banAsakAMThA, sAbarakAMThA, vaDodarA, godharA, ANaMda, surata, bharUca jillAomAM paNa nukasAna thayuM. A bhUkaMpa eTalo to bhISaNa hato ke uttara tarapha dilaDI, nepAla, pUrva tarapha madhyapradezanA keTalAka bhAgomAM, dakSiNa tarapha dilhI, nepAla, pUrva tarapha madhyapradezanA keTalAka bhAgomAM, dakSiNa tarapha muMbaI, poMDicerI, cennAI ane beMgaloramAM tathA pAkistAnanA karAMcI, haidarAbAda (siMdha), IslAmAbAda ane pezAvara sudhI paNa tenI asara thaI. dilhInI ola inDiyA meDikala insTiTayUTamAM tirADo paDI. A lakhAya che tyAM sudhI, cAra divasa bAda pathika * saimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 * 15 For Private and Personal Use Only

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paNa bhuja, amadAvAda, muMbaI, dilhI ane beMgaloramAM bhUkaMpanA ochI tIvratAvALA (3 thI 6 vaccenA) jhaTakA cAlu rahyA che. bAlaMbhA (jAmanagara) ane khAvaDA najIka cIkaNo lAvA nIkaLavAthI chidro paDI gayAM che. 1819nA temaja 1956nA kacchanA bhUkaMpa pachI gujarAtamAM, chellAM 50 varSanA bhAratanA bhUkaMpa itihAsamAM ane duniyAbharanA atibhISaNa bhUkaMpo paikI bhayaMkara tabAhI macAvanAra A eka abhUtapUrva duHkhada ghaTanA hatI. rAjya, deza ane duniyAbharanA lokone A bhUkaMpe stabdha banAvI dIdhA che. mukhya bhUkaMpa thayAnA 48 kalAka daramyAna 257 jeTalA pazcAtakaMpa (je paikI sAta 5 thI 6 tIvratAnA ane 71 kaMpa 4sudhInI tIvratAnA) ane chellA 96 kalAka daramyAna kula 340 kaMpa AvI gayA. jAnahAni 72 kalAka sudhImAM sattAvAra 25,000nA AMkane ane ijAgrastono AMka 30,000ne vaTAvI gayela che. hajAro hajI kATamALa heThaLa daTAyelA paDyA haze. lAkho loko beghara banI gayA che. rAjyabharamAM saMpattinA nukasAnano AMka Azare 25,000 karoDane AMbI gayo che. dinapratidina A AMkaDo vadhato jAya che. gujarAtamAM eka lAkha karatAM vadhu motanI AzaMkA sevAya che. mRtako ane ghAyalonA parivAronI vedanA pArAvAra che. sattAvAra mRtyuAMka 16,484 thayAnuM jaNAvAyuM che. gujarAtano 1/3 bhUmibhAga dharAvato kaccha jillo bhUkaMpane pAtra che. chellI be sadI daramyAna ahIM bhUkaMpanI ghaTanAo avAranavAra ghaTatI rahI che. 1819mAM kaccha-siMdha sarahade thayelA 8nI tIvratAvALA bhUkaMpathI allAe bAMdhelo-allAha baMdha-jevo lAMbo Takaro samataLa bhUmi para ApoApa racAI gayelo, te hajI Aje paNa jovA maLe che, tyAre dhakko eTalo to pracaMDa hato ke siMdhu nadIno eka phAMTo (korI zAkhA) je kaccha tarapha vaheto hato te bhUmi UMcakAI javAthI pazcima tarapha phaMTAI gayelo. te pachI 1956mAM AvelA 7nI tIvratAvALA bhUkaMpathI AkhuM ne AkhuM aMjAra jamInadosta thaI gayeluM. je pharIthI vaseluM. paNa A bhUkaMpathI pharI pAchuM tArAja thaI gayuM che. kacchamAM 1819, 1844, 1864, 1898, 1903, 1945, 1949, 1956 ane 2001nA bhUkaMue kAramA ghA jhIMkyA karyA che. bhuja, aMjAra ane bhacAu saMpUrNapaNe tArAja thaI gayAM che. gujarAtanA nakazA parathI hAla pUratAM to bhUMsAI gayAM che. lagabhaga badhA ja AvAso dharAzAyI thayA che. Azare 6,500 thI vadhu lAzo maLI che, asaMkhya pazuo marelAM paDyAM che. bIjA ghaNA kATamALa nIce daTAyelAM paNa haze. thoDA vakhata pahelAM thayelA bhayaMkara vAvAjhoDAnI haju kaLa vaLI nathI te kaMDalA baMdarane paNa puSkaLa nukasAna pahoMcyuM che. makAno ane kAryAlayo tUTI ke besI gayAM che, mArgo para phATa paDI che, bhUmikhaseDa thayA che. phATomAM samudrajaLa pravezavAthI ane pAchuM nIkaLavAthI cIkAzavALuM pANI prasaryuM che. bhuja-bhacAunA mArgo para paNa phATo paDI che. bhacAunA ghaNA bhAga besI gayA che. bhujanAM svAminArAyaNa maMdira, sivila haoNspiTala, 1884 nuM 114 varSa jUnuM vividha sAMskRtika-aitihAsika ajAyabIo dharAvatuM saMgrahAlaya ane 475 varSa jUno koTa tathA aMjAranI jesala-toralanI samAdhi khaMDiyera banI gayAM che. kacchane gujarAtanI mukhya bhUmi sAthe joDato samakhiyAlI pAseno sUrajabArI pula nukazAna pAmyo che, A pula para gujarAtanI chaThThI hAITeka kompyuTarAIjhDa Ara.TI.o cekaposTane mukhyamaMtrI zrI kezubhAI paTele julAI 2000 mahinAmAM khullI mUkI hatI. tenuM jarUrI samArakAma karIne haLavAM vAhano mATe cAlu karAyo che. bhuja, aMjAra ane bhacAu tathA AjubAjunAM gAmo bheMkAra banI gayAM che. tyAM ArmI haoNspiTala dvArA tathA senA dvArA sAravAra ane bacAvanI kAryavAhI cAlu karI che. gRharakSakadaLa ane ena.sI.sI. paNa bacAvakAryamAM joDAyAM che. A sivAya dhArmika ane sAmAjika saMsthAo paNa sevAkAryamAM phALo ApI rahI che. saDatAM zabo ane pazuone kAraNe rogacALo phelAvAnI zakyatA che. AthI bacelA lagabhaga badhA ja loko zakya hoya te rIte hijarata karI rahyA che. pathika traimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 - 16 For Private and Personal Use Only

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amadAvAda (232u.a.- bhujathI pUrve rekhIya dizAmAM) mATe to A bhUkaMpa kalpanA bahAranI ghaTanA hatI. meghagarjanAnI jema gaDagaDATI sAthe dharatI dhrUjI UThelI. loko bebAkaLA, bhayabhIta ane stabdha banI gayelA. DolatAM makAnomAMthI dAdarAo UtaravAmAM, ghara bahAra doDI javAmAM ane UbhA rahevAmAM samatolapaNuM jaLavAtuM na hatuM. kSaNomAM to cAra majalAnI ane thAMbhalAo paranI navI bahumALI keTalIka imArato pattAnA mahelanI jema kaDaDabhUsa tUTI paDI, nIcenAM vAhano cagadAI gayAM. keTalAka loko aMdara phasAyA, keTalAka daTAI gayA to keTalAka tenAM polANomAM jIvatA paNa rahyA. vizeSa karIne vastrApura, seTelAITa ane maNinagaramAM vadhu tArAjI thaI. bhadranA killAno bhAga, rAyapura daravAjAno upalo bhAga ane gomatIpuranA hAlatA minArA tUTI paDyA. naherupulanA mArgamAM 30 semI. jeTalI pahoLI, ADI phATa paDI. kAMkariyA hilapArkamAM prasaMga nimitte bhegA thayelA baso jeTalA loko tathA ghoDAsaranI eka zALAmAM Azare 150 jeTalA vidyArthIo daTAI gayA. zukravAra pachI badhI rAto lokoe AvatI rahetI dhrujArIonI bIkathI kaDakaDatI ThaMDImAM ghara bahAra oTalA para, AMgaNAmAM mArgo para ke gADIomAM vitAvI. IjAgrastonA dhasArAthI haoNspiTalo khIcokhIca bharAI gaI che. senAe temaja sviTjharalenDanI TukaDIe bacAvakArya zarU karI dIdhuM che. badhe pahoMcI vaLavAmAM sAdhanonI kamI varatAya che. zabone agnidAha devA smazAnamAM katAro lAgelI. bhujamAM to aMtimavidhimAM TAyaro, peTrola, Dijhala vagereno paNa upayoga karavo paDelo. amadAvAdamAM AvatA rahelA AMcakAothI lokonI hijarata zarU thaI gaI che. rAjayabharamAM thayelA hajAro karoDanA nukasAna sAme kendra sarakAra taraphathI 50 karoDanI temaja gujarAta rAjaya tathA anya rAjayo taraphathI paNa sahAya jAhera thaI che. dUdha, khAdyasAmagrI tathA anya jarUriyAto, davAo tAtkAlika mokalAyAM che. vizvabeMka, saMyukta rASTra, briTana, norve, yu.esa, AyalenDa, keneDA, holenDa, jApAna, cIna, IjharAyala, phrAnsa, jarmanI, sviTjharlenDa, pAkistAna vagere dezoe rokaDa sahAya, auSadho ane tabIbI sahAya, janareTara ane anya sAdhana, dhAbaLA jevI sahAyanI jAherAta karI che. bhUkaMpanuM bhUkaMpanirmaga kendra (epicentre) 23 16' uttara akSAMsa ane 70deg 3ra' pUrva rekhAMza para bhujathI 20 kimI. aMtare IzAnamAM jAmanagarathI 110 kimI. IzAnamAM, siMdhanA haidarAbAdathI ra90 kimI. agnikoNamAM) sthita hatuM. tenI nIce raheluM bhUkaMpakendra (focus) 23.6 kimI. UMDAIe hatuM. A bhUkaMpa aMgenA vizeSajJa haidarAbAda (ma.pra.) khAtenA NGRI nA DAyarekTara DaoN. vinoda gore prAthamika ahevAlamAM jaNAvyuM che ke 1819nA kacchanA 8nI tIvratAvALA bhUkaMpa pachI eTalI ja mAtrAno A bIjo moTo bhUkaMpa hato. tenI tAkAta 5.3 miMgATananA hAIDrojana boMbane samakakSa hatI. A bhUkaMpa thavAnuM saMbhavita kAraNa ahIMthI pasAra thatA NNW-SSE (vAyavya-agni) rekhIya dizAvALA dhasArA starabhaMga (thrust fault) nI AMtarika sapATI para thayelA khaseDane gaNAvyuM che. bhAratIya bhUtaktino ahIMno 80 x 10 ki.mI. jeTalo bhAga lagabhaga 80 se.mI. khasyo hovo joIe, cha mAsa agAunA mahattama 4.8 tIvratAvALA bhAvanagaranA bhUkaMpo (temaja haLavA pazcAtakaMpo)ne A mahAbhUkaMpa mATenA pUrva AMcakAo (preshocks) rUpe ghaTAvAyA hota ane te saMdarbhamAM abhyAsa karIne temanuM arthaghaTana karAyuM hota to kadAca A bhUkaMpa mATe salAmatInA AgotarAM pagalAM laI zakAyAM hota ane ATalI bhayaMkara honAratane kaMIka aMze to ghaTADI zakAI hota ! sI.pI. rAjendra kahe che ke bhUkaMpane pAtra gaNAto A vibhAga bhArata mATe vargIkRta karelA pAMcamA jhonamAM Ave che, teo paNa tarabhaMga-khaseDane ja javAbadAra lakhe che. vaLI 1819no bhUkaMpa paNa A vibhAgamAM ja thayelo. bhUkaMpIya niSNAtomAM bhISaNa bhUkaMpanAM Avartano thavA mATeno samayagALo sAmAnyapaNe 1,000 varSano mukAyelo che. jayAre ahIMno bhUkaMpa mAtra 182 varSanA gALAmAM AvI gayo. A bAbata saMbhavitapaNe evA anumAna tarapha dorI jAya che ke mukhya starabhaMga sAthenA zAkhA starabhaMgo kriyAzIla banI pathika * saimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 * 17 For Private and Personal Use Only

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gayA hoya athavA navA paNa uddabhavyA hoya ! AvI zakyatAne eTalA mATe nakArI zakAya nahi ke ahIMnA lagabhaga badhA ja pradezomAMthI kudaratI vAyu, khanija tela, kolaso ane pANI UMDANamAMthI ulecAtAM rahyAM che, tethI tyAM polANo uddabhavyAM che. A polANI potAnI rIte goThavAvA prayAsa karatAM hoya, tethI navA zAkhA-starabhaMgo paNa taiyAra thayA hoya! daherAdUna-sthita vADiyA insTiTyUTa ovuM himAlayanA jiyolojInA DAyarekTara ane nezanala DijhAsTara menejamenTanA eka sabhyanA jaNAvyA mujaba A bhUkaMpanI tAkAta uttarAMcalanI camolInA bhUkaMpa karatAM dasagaNI hatI. temaNe noMdhyuM hatuM ke 25mI jAnyuArIe reDona gesanuM pramANa tenI mahattama kakSAe AvI pahoMcyuM hatuM. te A honAratanI pUrvacetavaNIrUpa gaNAya. paraMtu bhUkaMpanI AgotarI hilacAla noMdhavA mATenAM pUratAM sAdhano na hovAthI A mATenI AdhArasAmagrI (data) teo bhegI karI zakyA na hatA. beMgaloranA je.ena.senTaphora eDavAnsa sAyanTiphika risarcanA pro. vAldiyA kahe che ke Avo moTo bhUkaMpa ochAmAM ocho mahino, be mahinA (kadAca cAra mahinAo sudhI tenI pAchaLa kramazaH ochI tIvratAvALA pazcAtakaMpo lAvyA karaze. bhUkaMpa pachInA vadhu ane 1 thI 3 vaccenA ghaNA AMcakAo avAranavAra AvyA karyA che.) teo vadhumAM umere che ke A moTA bhUkaMpe te vakhate tenI ghaNIkharI UrjA to mukta karI dIdhI haze ja, tema chatAM bAkI rahelI Urja pazcAtu AMcakAo rUpe nIkaLyA karaze. che. gore bhUkaMpa-niSNAtone anveSaNo karIne talasparzI mAhitI ekatra karavAno ane tenAM arthaghaTana karavAno anurodha karyo che. gujarAtanI janatAe have pUrepUrI sAvacetI rAkhavAnI jarUra che. ahIM e paNa kahevAnI jarUra che ke jyAre ApaNe moTA AMcakAmAMthI hemakhema bahAra nIkaLI zakyA chIe tyAre have nAnA AMcakAo Ave to bebAkaLA banavAnI ke aphavAo phelAvavAnI ke bUmo pADIne bIjAone bhayabhIta karavAnI jarUra na thAya. bhUkaMpa thavAnA 48 kalAka pUrve svarabhaMgasapATI paranuM cuMbakIya kSetra tIvra banatuM hoya che. eTale jo te cuMbakIya kSetranI tIvratA mApI zakAya evAM sAdhano moTAM zaheromAM rAkhI zakAya to AvatI honAratothI thatA nukazAnamAM ghaTADo karI zakAya. 14 phebruArI, 2CO1mAM ala sAlvADoramAM Avela dharatIkaMpamAM ra37nAM mota ane 1700 ghAyala thayA. sAna Diro ane nAnuAlko khAte 8.2 kilomITara pRthvInA bhUgarbhamAM kendra noMdhAyuM hatuM. A dharatIkaMpamAM nabaLA bAMdhakAmavALI zALAo dharAzAyI thaI jatAM 15 thI 20 vidyArthIonAM paNa mota thayAM hatAM. daramyAna osTreliyA jIyolojikala sarve orgenAIjhezane kahyuM hatuM ke Aje bapore 2.28 vAge (bhAratIya samaya 12.5ra vAgye) te kaMpa trATakyo hato, jenuM epI senTara pATanagara jAkArtAthI 40 ki.mI. pazcime mahAsAgaramAM noMdhAyuM hatuM, jenA kAraNe bharatInAM mojAM paNa UchaLyAM hatAM. sumAtrAnA bhUkaMpanI tIvratA zahera ane nagarone nukazAna pahoMcADavA mATe pUratI hatI. bhUkaMpanA tIvra AMcakAnA kAraNe loko ghara bahAra doDI AvyA hatA. to keTalAka loko potAnAM ghara choDI bhAgI gayA hatA. dakSiNa yuropamAM AvelA grIsanA TApuo upara paNa Aja divase pa.3nI tIvratA vALo bhUkaMpa Avyo. moTA AMcakAbAda ethensa zaheramAM 3.5, 3.8 ane 3.4nI tIvratAnA traNa AphaTarazoka noMdhAyA hatA. paraMtu tenAthI koI jAnamAla ke milkatane nukazAna thayAnA ahevAla maLyA nahotA. 25 phebruArI, ra001nA roja savAre 8.1ra kalAke AvelA dharatIkaMpanA AMcakAnuM kendrabiMdu aphaghAnistAna ane tajAkistAnanI sarahade AvelA hiMdukuza parvatamALAmAM noMdhAyuM hatuM. dakSiNa ane madhya eziyAmAM AvelA pAkistAna, bhArata, aphaghAnistAna, ujhabekistAna, tajAkistAna ane sudUra pUrvamAM AvelA jApAnamAM paNa pathika * saimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 * 18 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhUkaMpanA jabaradasta tIvra AMcakA AvyA hatA. A AMcakAnI tIvratA rikTara skela upara 6 poInTa ane 6 7 noMdhAI hatI. uttara bhAratanA keTalAka bhAgo paikI dilhI, kAzmIra, hariyANA, jayapura, caMdIgaDha, rAjasthAnanA keTalAka bhAgo paNa dhrUjI UThyA. AMcakAno samayagALo ocho hovAthI jAnahAni ke mAlamilakatane koI nukazAna thayuM nathI. pAkistAnanA pATanagara islAmAbAda sahita rAvalapIMDI, pezAvara, kveTA, madhya paMjAba prAMta ane lAhora jevA zaheromAM savAre 7.22 vAgye AvelA bhUkaMpanA AMcakAnI tIvratA 6.ranI hatI. loko gabharATanA mAryA makAnonI bahAra doDI AvyA hatA. aphaghAnistAnanA pATanagara kAbulamAM paNa A AMcakAe lokomAM khophanuM vAtAvaraNa UbhuM karI dIdhuM hatuM. kAtila ThaMDImAM loko gabharATanA mAryA gharanI bahAra doDI AvyA hatA. aphaghAnistAna bhUkaMpIya paTAmAM AveluM che ane tAjetaranAM varSomAM dezanA takhAra ane badakazAmAM AvelA vinAzaka bhUkaMpathI 9000 lokonAM mota thayAM hatAM. 4 phebruArI 1998nA bhUkaMpamAM 4000 mota ane 31 me, 1990nA bhUkaMpamAM pa000 mANaso maryA hatAM. sudUra pUrvamAM AvelA jApAnanA uttara bhAgo dharatIkaMpanA AMcakAthI dhrUjI UThyA hatA. dharatIkaMpoe duniyAnI bhUgoLane vartamAna svarUpa kevI rIte ApyuM te duniyAno nakazo jovAthI jaNAI Avaze. e kALamAM bhArata ane osTreliyA joDAyelAM hatAM. Aja vacce inDoneziyAnA TApuo, samudro ane upasAgaro che tene badale tyAM saLaMga khaMDa hato. inDoneziyAnA TApuo kAMdhI vaDe joDAyelA che ane samudra ghaNo chIcharo che. bhUkaMpa vaDe A pradeza samudramAM DUbI gayo che ane inDoneziyAne TApuono deza banAvI dIdho che A hakIkta tenI rASTrIya ekatA mATe zAparUpa che. - izAna eziyA ane vAyavya amerikAnI vacce beriMganI sAmudradhunI A baMne khaMDone chUTA pADe che. eka kALamAM te baMne joDAyelA hatA. A pula para thaIne amerikAnI AdivAsI prajAonA pUrvajo madhya eziyAmAMthI amerikA gayA. pAchaLathI bhUkaMpone lIdhe A joDANa tUTI gayuM ane vacce sAmudradhunI banI gaI. A pradeza atyAre paNa pracaMDa bhUkaMpAne pAtra che. Aje eka bAju yuropamAM DenmArka, nedharalenDa, ane phrAnsa che, bIjI bAju briTana che. vacce uttara samudra (jarmana samudro ghUghave che. A samudra bahu chIcharo che eka kALe tyAM samudra na hato. briTana tathA yuropano saLaMga khaMDa hato. paththara yuganA yuropI loko ahIM bhaTakatA hatA tenA purAvA samudramAMthI maLI AvyA che. himayugane aMte eTalo badho barapha pIgaLIne samudramAM tenuM pANI gayuM ke samudranI sapATI UMce AvI ane nIcANavALI jamIna temAM DUbI gaI. himAlayanA janmakALanA arasAmAM jagatamAM je parvatamALAo banI che te badhI dharatIkaMpane pAtra che. ajIriyA, morakko, grIsa, turkI, IrAna, cIna, dakSiNa amerikAmAM cilI ke evA koI ne koI dezamAM bhayaMkara bhUkaMpa thAya che ane seMkaDo ke hajAro mANaso mAryA jAya che ke ghavAya che. A badhA dharatIkaMpa pRthvInA bhUkaMpapAtra paTAmAM ja thayA hatA ane thAya che. A paTo baMne amerikAnI pazcima kora, dakSiNa yuropa, turkI, IrAna, aphaghAnistAna, tApI nadIthI uttarano bhAratakhaMDa, brahmadeza, inDoneziyA, nyUjhIlenDa thaIne dakSiNa prazAnta soMsaravo jAya che. bIjo paTo inDoneziyAmAMthI philipinsa ane jApAna thaIne kyurAIla ane elyuziyana TApuomAM thaIne uttara amerikAnA paTAne maLI jAya che. samagra uttara bhArata, saurASTrano vAyavyabhAga ane kaccha gaMbhIra madhyama prakAranA bhUkaMpane pAtra che. pathika * amAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 * 19 For Private and Personal Use Only

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dharatIkaMpanI mAtrA jANavA mATe keTalIka sajAgatA jarUrI thaI paDe che. jene lIdhe dharatIkaMpanI maMdatA ane ugratAno khyAla Avaze ane tenI sAme rakSaNa kema meLavavuM te jANI levuM joIe. dharatIkaMpa thayAnI bhAgye ja koIne jANa thAya tevI maMda kaMpArI thAya che. makAnamAM ArAma karatA hoya tevA thoDA mANasone jANa thAya. nAjuka rIte laTakatI cIjo jarA Dole. bhAre khaTAro pasAra thayo hoya tevI kaMpArI thAya. vAsaNa ane bArIbAraNAM khakhaDe, sthira paDelI moTara jhUlatI joI zakAya. dIvAlanA plAsTaramAM tirADo paDe. gharamAM cIja vastuo paDI jAya. jhADa dhrUjI UThe. lolakavALI ghaDiyALa baMdha paDI jAya. loko bhayabhIta thaI ghara bahAra doDI jAya. nabaLAM makAno tUTI paDe. keTalIka cImanIo tUTI paDe. moTara hAMkI rahela mANasa paNa dharatIkaMpa joI zake. sAmAnya makAno paDI jAya. dharatIkaMpamAMthI thoDA pramANamAM retI ane kAdava bahAra nIkaLI Ave. kUvAnA pANImAM pheraphAra thaI jAya. pAkAM sArAM makAnone paNa sArI rIte nukasAna thAya. makAno pAyAmAMthI UMcakAI Ave athavA besI jAya. dharatImAM cirADo dekhAya. bhUgarbhamAM pANI ane gesanA naLo tUTI jAya. relvenA pATA vaLI jAya. rastA bhAMgI paDe. nadIkAMThA ane UbhA DhoLAya tUTI paDe. dharatImAMthI puSkaLa retI, kAdava ane garama pANI nIkaLI Ave. paththaranuM bhAgye ja koI makAna bace. relvenA pATA vAMkAcUMkA thaI jAya. DuMgaro tUTI paDe. samudranAM mojAMnI jema dharatIkaMpanAM mojAM joI zakAya. avarNanIya vinAza thAya. dharatInI sapATInuM svarUpa badalAI jAya. bhAratamAM thayelA judA judA dharatIkaMpono savistAra abhyAsa vesTa ane krukazenka nAmanA bhUvidyAvizAradoe tathA bAMdhakAmanA niSNAta bhAratIya vidvAno e karyo che. dharatIkaMpanA kSetramAM AvelA pradezomAM jiMdagI ane milakatane ochAmAM ochuM nukazAna pahoMce eTalA mATe gharanI bAMdhaNI, gAmanI racanA vagere saMbaMdhI teoe upayogI sUcanAo karI che. IMTonI moTI dIvAlo para anya prakAranAM bAMdhakAma karatAM bhUkaMponI vadhAre Ja che. sArI jAtanA cUnA kAMkareTano ja upayoga karavo joIe ane bAMdhakAmamAM vaparAyela paththaronA sAMdhA sArI rIte barAbara meLavIne besADavA joIe.kAcAM-pAkAM makAnomAM imAratI lAkaDAnA upayogane uttejana ApavuM joIe. IMTanA karatAM lAkaDAnA thAMbhalAne vadhAre pasaMdagI ApavI joIe. sArI rIte pahoLI paththaranI paDathALa (Plinth) 52 makAno bAMdhavA joIe. kharAba ane ayogya paDathALamAMthI bheja dIvAlomAM pahoMce che ane bhejayukta dIvAlo nabaLI paDI tUTI paDe che. jo A paDathALanA pAyA cUnAthI barAbara bharavAmAM Ave, jethI bheja upara na AvI zake, ane majabUtI ghaNo samaya jaLavAI rahe. mATInAM ghara ke chAparAMmAM naLiyAne badale ghAsanA pULAnuM DhAMkaNa athavA to esbesTosanuM pataruM vAparavAmAM Ave to ghaNo sudhAro thAya. AvI vastuo vAparavA bane teTaluM uttejana ApavuM joIe. jAnanI khuvArI sAMkaDI zerIone AbhArI bane che.zerIonI baMnne bAju Avela gharonI saMyukta UMcAI karatAM zerInI pahoLAI ochI hovI na joIe. zerIonI pahoLAI vadhAravA taka maLye prayAso thavA joIe. nukazAnano moTo bhAga be kAraNone AbhArI che. (1) halakI jAtanI ghara-bAMdhaNI ane (2) makAnonI UMcAI. AmAMthI koI eka paNa kharAba che ane baMne bhegAM thAya to vinAzaka nIvaDavAnAM, gharanI cotarapha badheya bArI-bAraNAMnA DhAMkaNanA uparanA bhAgamAM 6 IMca jADI sImenTa krokrIDanI paTI dIvAlanI pahoLAI jeTalI karI levI e vadhAre sArI rIta che. AnuM kharca jUja Ave che paNa tIrADo aTakAvavA ane makAnanA nabaLA bhAgane majabUta ka2vA mATe A rIta kiMmatI nIvaDe che. jyAM vadhAre mALa bAMdhelA hoya tyAM dareka mALe AvI paTI karavI jarUrI che. koI paNa dizAmAMthI dharatIkaMpanA AMcakA sAme TakI rahevA jema bane tema corasa makAna baMdhAvA joIe, emAM sAmAnyataH sau ekamata che. gharanA chAparA para ke agrabhAgamAM pANInI TAMkI ke evo koI bhAre sAmAna pathika traimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 - 20 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra goThavelo na hovo joIe. AnI asara dharatIkaMpa vakhate halanano (oscillation ) samaya vadhAravAmAM thAya che ane UMdhA lolakanI mAphaka makAna hAlI UThe che. dareDa varSe pRthvI upara eka yA bIjI jagyAe dharatIkaMpa thatA ja rahe che ane ethI bhayaMkara nukazAna thAya che. hajI sadIo sudhI dharatIkaMpanAM tophAno cAlyAM ja karaze, ema dhAravAmAM Ave che eTale khAsa karIne dharatIkaMpathI bahu nukazAna na thAya evI jAtanAM gharo 'sIsmIkabelTa' vALA bhAgamAM bAMdhavAnI jarUra che. bhUkaMpa Ave te pahelAM....... chelle dharatIkaMpathI bhayabhIta na thaI sAvacetInA pagalAM rUpe keTalIka bAbato tarapha khAsa dhyAna ApavAnI jarUra jaNAya. A mATe keTalIka bAbato ghaNI upayogI thaI paDe tema che. amadAvAdanI DijhAsTara miTigezana insTiTyUTa dvArA bhUkaMpa pUrve rAkhavAnI, bhUkaMpa daramyAnanI ane bhUkaMpa pachI rAkhavAnI sAvacetInA pagalAM A pramANe sUvAyAM che. * moTI Torca ane vadhArAnI beTarI, beTarIthI cAlato reDiyo, pharsTa eIDa kITa, sUko nAsto, pANI, rokaDa rUpiyA, agatyanA kAgaLo vagere haMmezA hAthavagAM rAkho. chAjalIone dIvAla sAthe vadhu majabUta rIte jaDI do. UMcI chAjalI para bhAre cIjavastuo rAkhazo nahIM. dIvAla paranAM citro, arIsA, zo pIsa, lAITa phITIMga vagere besavA-UThavAnI jagyAthI dUra rAkho. vAyariMgamAM ane pANInI pAIpalAInamAM koI khAmI hoya to tAtkAlika rIpera karAvI lo. jherI jaMtunAzaka davAo, esiDa, phinAIla kerosIna nIcI chAjalI para ke baMdha kabATamAM rAkho. gharamAM ke ophisamAM dareka rUmamAM Azraya levA mATe bhAre Tebala, UMco palaMga vagere nakkI karI rAkho. gharanA sabhyone Aphata samaye tAbaDatoba gesa, vIjaLI ane pANInAM joDANa baMdha karI devAnuM zIkhavo. * DokTara, najIkanA saMbaMdhIonA phona naMbara hAthavagA rAkho ane bALakone teno upayoga zIkhavo. * * * * www.kobatirth.org bhUkaMpa anubhavo tyAre...... Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir * svastha raho ane anya lokone paNa svastha rAkhavA prayatna karo. phleTamAM ke paththaranA makAnamAM ho to tarata bahAra cAlyA jAva. nIce paDe tevI cIjavastuthI dUra kheMsI jAva ane UMcA, majabUta Tebala ke palaMga nIce Azraya lo. bahAra ho to moTAM makAna, vRkSo, moTAM chAparAM, vIjaLInA tAra vagerethI dUra cAlyA jAva. vAhanamAM ho to upara jaNAvyA mujaba salAmata sthaLe vAhana Ubhu rAkhI do. dhrujArI osarI gayA pachI sAvacetIpUrvaka AgaLa vadho. pUla, nALAM vagerene nukazAna hoI zake che. bhUkaMpa osarI gayA pachI..... moTA bhUkaMpa pachInA kalAko ke mahinAo pachI paNa nAnAM AMcakA AvI zake che, tenA mATe taiyAra raho. tamane potAne IjA thaI na hoya to bIjA ijAgrasta ke phasAyela lokone madada karo. * * pathika traimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 0 21 * For Private and Personal Use Only

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pradezo sAcI mAhitI jANavA mATe beTarIthI cAlato reDiyo sAMbhaLatA raho. kutuhalane vazamAM rAkho ane nukazAna pAmelAM makAnonI aMdara javAno prayAsa na karo. TelIphonano upayoga phakta atyaMta mahattvanI vAtacIta pUrato ja karo. vinA kAraNa rastA para jaI rAhata kAryamAM avarodharUpa nA bano. kabATane sAvaceta rahIne kholo. aMdarathI cIjavastuo tamArA para paDI zake che. * vIjaLInI lAIno dUrathI tapAso ane koI nukazAna jaNAya to tarata meIna svIca baMdha karI do. bhAratamAM bhUkaMpanuM jokhama kyAM ane keTaluM che te dareka pradezanA nAgarikoe sAmAnya jJAna meLavI levuM Avazyaka che. samagra bhAratanI jamInamAM kAryarata 'pholTanA AdhAre bhUkaMpanA AMcakA kyA rAjya ke kendrazAsita pradezamAM keTalA tIvra hoI zake che tenuM vargIkaraNa ahIM rajU karyuM che. (guja.samA. 20-2-2001). dharatIkaMpanI mAtrA keTalI tArAjI kSaNabharamAM phelAvI zake che tene mApadaMDa tarIke svIkArI jhona pADavAmAM AvyA che. jhona-1 eTale najIvuM jokhama dharAvato pradeza, jayAre jhona-5 eTale vinAzaka bhUkaMpanI zakyatA dharAvato bhaugolika vistAra. sismIka jhona tarIke oLakhAtuM vargIkaraNa nIce mujaba che. rAjyanA kendrazAsita bhUkaMpa saMbhAvanA rAjyanA kendrazAsita bhUkaMpa saMbhAvanA kSetra kramAMka pradezo kSetra kramAMka aMdAmAna nikobAra TApuo jhona-5 hariyANA jhona-2,3,4 arUNAcala pradeza jhona-5 mahArASTra jhona-2,3,4 AsAma jhona-5. paMjAba jhonara,3,4 bihAra jhona-5 rAjasthAna jhona 2,3,4 gujarAta jhona-2,3,5 sikkIma jhona-4 himAcala pradeza, jhona-4,5 AMdhrapradeza, jhona-2,3 jammu-kAzmIra jhona-4, 5 dAdarA-nagara havelI jhona-3 maNipura damaNa diva jhona-3 jhona-5 govA jhona-2, 3 karNATaka jhona-2, 3 nAgAlenDa jhona-5 jhona-2,3 tripurA jhona-5 lakSadvIpa TApuo jhona-3 uttarapradeza jhona-2,3,4,5 madhyapradeza jhona-2, 3 pazcima baMgALa jhona-2, 3,4,5 orissA jhona-2,3 caMdIgaDha jhona-4 poMDicerI jhona-2,3 dilhI. jhona-4 jhona-2, 3 jhona-5 mijhorama meghAlaya jhona-5 tamilanADu pathika * saimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 - 22 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra varSa 1819 1906 1922 1923 1932 1933 1935 1938 1944 1946 1949 1950 1951 1952 1956 1957 kaccha-siMdha IkvADora senTrala cIlI raziyA vizvamAM thayelA vinAzaka bhUkaMpanI tIvratA keTalI hatI te darzAvatuM vargIkaraNa. deza megnITyUDa varSa deza rikTaraskela jApAna meksiko jApAna kveTA inDoneziyA alAskA jApAna jApAna kolaMbIyA arUNAcala pradeza (bhArata) tibeTa jApAna raziyA kaccha-gujarAta oboTiyana www.kobatirth.org AIlenDa moMgolIyA 8.0/1958 8.8/1960 8.5/1963 8.5/1964 7.9 1956 8.1/1968 8.4|1967 7.02 1977 8.51989 8.2 1991 8.1/1992 8.1/1994 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 9.1 8.1 kurila AIlenDa sadharna AIlenDa For Private and Personal Use Only kurila AIlenDa savarna alAskA eTalAnTiyana AIlenDa jApAna koyanA-mahArASTra inDoneziyA osTreliyA kaeNliphorniyA inDoneziyA 8.1 8.6 | 1996 1999 8.1200 jApAna 8.1 13jAnyu. 2001 alasAlvADora 9.0 26 jAnyu. 2001 kacchagujarAta 7.8 14 phebru. 2001 inDoneziyA 25 phebru. 2001 aphaghAnistAna bhArata kurila AIlenDa northa vesTarna boliviyA megnITyUDa rikTarala inDoneziyA tAIvAna pathika traimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 0 23 8.3 9.5 8.5 9.2 8.7 8.2 7.5 8.3 8.2 7.5 6.8 8.3 8.2 9.2 7.6 7.1 7.7 7.9 7.3 6.7

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bhUkaMpa ane ItihAsanI noMdha prA. pradyumna. bI. khAcara* pRthvInA janmatAnI sAthe ja bhUkaMpa zarU thayA hatA. kAraNa ke aMdara bharAyela lAvArasane, vAyune bahAra nIkaLavuM che. lAvArasa UkaLe che tenI varALa paNa bahAra nIkaLavA prayatna kare ja che. A bhUkaMpo paNa be prakAranA hoya che : (1) pRthvI paranA (2) samudra paranA. jemAM pRthvI para vadhumAM vadhu bhUkaMpapAtro ghaNo UMDo che, taLiyuM ghaNuM pAtaLuM che ane taLiyAmAM bhaMgANa che. bIjo vistAra che UMcI parvatamALAo jyAM parvato UMcakAvAthI bhUstaro astavyasta thaIne ekabIjA para caDI gayA che. bhUkaMpa e prakRtinI tAMDavalIlA che temAM yugothI hajAro, lAkho mANaso homAyA che. je eka kudaratI krama rahyo che. hajAro varSathI thatA bhUkaMpamAM mAnavIo homAyA paNa je kALamAM Teliphona, TI.vI., vAhanavyavahAra ke Adhunika sAdhano jevAM ke je.sI.bI. mazInanI sagavaDa nahotI tyAre mAnava kevo herAna thayo haze. jyAre tenI sarakhAmaNImAM ra6mI jAnyuArInA bhUkaMpa pachI ghaNAkharAM jIvita lokone rAhata dezavidezamAMthI pahoMcADI zakAI che. bhAratamAM thayela 1200 varSanA bhUkaMpano itihAsa tapAsI emAMthI e pUrvAnumAna kADhI dareke AzvAsana levAnuM che ke bhUkaMpanA banAvo pachI vAraMvAra ghaNA samaya sudhI AMcakAo AvyA hatA. paraMtu pachIthI najIkanA bhaviSyamAM ja tevA bhayaMkara bhUkaMpo noMdhAyA nathI. A bAbatane itihAsane AdhAre kahI che te bAbatane havAmAnazAstrI zrI kanakane paNa potAnI TI.vI. mulAkAtamAM anumodana ApyuM hatuM. A sivAya amerikana bhUstarazAstrIoe paNa evo mata vyakta karyo hato ke bhUkaMpano moTo visphoTa thayA pachI pAchI UrjA ekatrita thatAM ochAmAM ochAM 50 varSanI vAra lAge che. bhUkaMpanA saMdarbhamAM bhAratanA traNa bhAga che: okhAthI kaccha, pazcima pAkistAna, samagra himAlaya ane tenI taLeTIno pradeza jemAM gaMgA yamunA ane brahmaputrAnA pradezono paNa samAveza thaI jAya che te badhA vadhumAM vadhu bhUkaMpane pAtra che. dakSiNabhAratano pradeza ochA bhUkaMpane pAtra che. kAraNa ke tyAM TharelA lAvAno banelo popaDo nagada che. e benI vacceno paTTa madhyama prakAranA bhUkaMpane pAtra che. moTAbhAganA bhUkaMpano uddabhava pAMca mAIlanI UMDAIethI thAya che. -koIka 500 mAIlanI UMDAIethI paNa udbhave che. dakSiNabhAratamAM bhAgye ja koI gaNanApAtra bhUkaMpo thayA che. bhUkaMpo to anAdikALathI thatA AvyA che emAM teno ullekha prathama I.sa. 796no maLyo che. jemAM elekajeDiyAno minAra paDI gayo hato ane khUba ja nukasAna thayuM hatuM. bIjo bhUkaMpa I.sa. 8pamAM thayo hato ema burahAnula kutuhamAM muhammada alI nodhe che. bhAratanA bhUkaMpanI kadAca jUnAmAM jUnI noMdha Araba itihAsakAroe lIdhI che, je noMdha pramANe 893nA aMtamAM ke 894nA AraMbhamAM dAIbUla athavA dAIpUla nAmanA baMdarano nAza thayo hato. e bhUkaMpamAM Azare doDha lAkha lokono bhoga levAyo hato. pachI prAcInakALamAM I.sa. 1057mAM cInamAM bhUkaMpa thayo jemAM 25 hajAra lokono bhoga levAyo hato. I.sa.1338mAM pazcimI tripalImAM bhUkaMpa thayo. I.sa. 1505 julAInA roja (hijarI saMvata 911 3 saphara ravivAra) AgrAmAM eka joradAra bhUkaMpa Avyo ane DuMgaro kaMpI UThaDyA ane imArato paDI gaI. loko to evA DarI gayA hatA ke jANe ke kayAmatano divasa AvI gayo. Avo bhUkaMpa bhAratamAM kyAreya na Avyo hato ema niyAmatullA noMdhe che. A divase ja bhAratanA ghaNA bhAgomAM bhUkaMpanA AMcakAo AvyA hatA. maAsira-e-AlamagIrI noMdhe che ke 3 me 1968nA roja ThaThAthI(siMdha) samAcAra AvyA ke bhUkaMpathI samAjI kasbAo naSTa thaI gayA ane 30 hajAra makAno paDI gayAM. muntakhaba-ula-lubAba noMdhe che ke 27 jUna 1720nA zukravAranA divase jayAre masjidamAM namAja paDhAI rahI hatI tyAre eka bhayaMkara bhUkaMpa Avyo. bhUminI aMdara dhaDadhaDATa saMbhaLANI, daravAjA ane dIvAlo halavA lAgI ane chato DolavA lAgI. eka rAta ane divasamAM 9 dhakkA la zAhajahAMnAbAda ane jUnI dilhImAM keTalAMya mANaso marI gayAM. A pustakano lekhaka ghoDA upara savAra thaIne svaya A ghaTanAone jovAnuM ane nizcita karavA mATe gayo hato. to teNe joyuM ke jayAM tyAM makAna paDelAM hatAM. A bhUkaMpa * adhyakSa, itihAsa vibhAga, Do. subhASa mahilA kaoNleja, jUnAgaDha pathika mAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 * 24 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pachI A AMcakAo eka mAsa ane be divasa sudhI AvatA rahyA hatA, covIsa kalAkamAM cAra pAMcavAra AMcakAo AvatA hatA. A bAbatane AjanA 26 jAnyuArInA bhUkaMpa sAthe sarakhAvIne ema lAge che ke itihAse mAnavane haMmezAM dizA ane AzvAsana ApyAM che. A aDhAramI sadInA bhUkaMpathI badhA loko to eTalA trasta hatA ke chatonI nIce sUtA ja nahIM. te pachI AMcakAo ochA thavA lAgyA. paraMtu cArapAMca mAsa sudhI jamIna hAlatI rahI. 11 oNkTobara 1737mAM bhAratamAM bhUkaMpa thayo jemAM traNa lAkha loko mRtyu pAmyA hatA.' 17mI sadInI zarUAtamAM thayelA bhUkaMpe muMbaImAM Azare 2 hajAra mANasono bhoga lIdho hato. e ja sadInA uttarArdhamAM samAvANI nAmanuM 30 hajAranI vastIvALuM eka AkhuM nagara bhUkaMpathI dharatImAM garaka thaI gayuM hatuM. auraMgajhebanA rAjyakALamAM AkhuM uttara hiMdustAna khaLabhaLI UThyuM hatuM. I.sa. 1775mAM kAzmIramAM bhUkaMpa Avyo ke lagabhaga 2000 ghara naSTa thaI gayAM hatAM tema burahAnula kutula noMdhe che. 16 jUna 1819nA roja amadAvAda, bhUja, ane aMjAramAM bhUkaMpa thayo hato, jemAM bhUjano sAro evo bhAga nAza pAmyo hato ane 2 hajAra mANaso mRtyu pAmyA ane sIMdaDI nAmanuM baMdara garaka thaI gayuM hatuM. A I.sa. 1819nA bhUkaMpamAM amadAvAdamAM jhUlatA minArAne khUba ja nukasAna thayuM hatuM. ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva joTe noMdhe che ke gujarAtamAM asalamAM bhUkaMpo bahu thatA. brIDse e vAta khAsa noMdhI che. amadAvAdamAM pANInA naLanI yojanA karavA mATe carcA thaI hatI tyAre sara TI.sI.hope amadAvAdamAM dharatIkaMpa bahu thAya che. tene anusarIne bAMdhaNI vagere karavA sUcana karyuM hatuM. jAhera makAnomAM bhUkaMpanI ochAmAM ochI asara thAya evuM zodhI kADhavA mATe e samayanA sthapatioe bhAre prayatno karyA hoya emAM navAI nathI. amadAvAdanI masjido dharatIkaMpanA AMcakA khamI zake tevI banAvavA e samayanA sthapatioe minArA hAle evI karAmata karI hoya tema zaMkA sevavAmAM Ave che. kadAca ApaNA sthapatio bhUkaMpa sAme rakSaNa meLavavAnI kalA jANatA haze, tethI ja bRhadasaMhitAmAM bhUkaMpa vizenuM eka AkhuM prakaraNa che. ApaNAM prAcIna sthApatyanAM pustako haju pUrAM zodhAyAM nathI, je zodhAyAM che tenA pAribhASika zabdo samajAtA nathI. e badhuM bhAvi itihAsavido zodhaze tyAre te sAcA arthamAM itihAsavido gaNAze. "kaccha vRttAMta nAmanI mA.ca.zIe I.sa.1868mAM lakhelI bukamAM te lakhe che ke I.sa. 1820mAM (saMvata 1876) moTo dharatIkaMpa thayo temAM kacchanAM zahera kaMpI UThyAM. temAM kacchanAM uttarabhAga namI gayo. tyAM pANI bharyuM rahe che A bhUkaMpa I.sa. 1819nA pachIno haze ? ke pachI 1820mAM bIjo bhUkaMpa thayo hato te mATe guMcavADo paidA thayo che. joke A bhUkaMpa pachI A 48 varSe ja A pustaka lakhAyuM hatuM. chatAM kadAca bhUla rahI gaI haze. I.sa. 1819mAM bhUkaMpathI 200 corasamAIlano pradeza bAraphUTa nIce UtarI gayo hato ane tenI bIjI bAju UMcI AvI hatI. kacchanA moTA raNanI uttare 30 phUTa UMco ane 16 mAIla lAMbo eka Tekaro bahAra UpasI Avyo hato. te Tekaro tyAM UpasI na Avyo hota to kacchanA raNamAM dhasI AveluM samudranuM pANI vastIne pAyamAla karI nAMkhata. Aja kAraNathI kacchanA lokoe A upakArI TekarAne "allAjo baMdha" eTale ke khudAtAlAe bAMdhelo baMdha evuM nAma ApyuM hatuM. A bhUkaMpamAM geDInA lakSmInArAyamra maMdira, koTezvara maMdira, mAtAnA maDha, kerAkoTanA zivAlaya vagerene nukasAna thayuM hatuM. 16 jUna 1819nA kacchanA dharatIkaMpanuM 'arvAcIna gujarAtanuM rekhAdarzana'mAM eka AkhuM prakaraNa che. zrI edalajIbhAI DosAbhAI noMdhe che ke amadAvAda zaheranI madhyamAM sulatAna ahamadazAhe vizALa jummA masjidanI sthApanA karI hatI. teno phelAvo 382 4 238 phUTa ane UMcAI 49 phUTanI hatI. minArAnI UMcAI ghaNI vadhAre hatI. paraMtu I.sa. 1819mAM AvelA tIvra bhUkaMpane kAraNe teno keTaloka bhAga tUTI paDyo hato, dhanajIzA horamajhajI kaDAkA noMdhe che ke muMbaImAM Disembara, 1854mAM bhUkaMpa thayo hato. karnala je. Dabalyu vaoNTasana noMdhe che ke 29 eprila, 1864nA roja agiyAra vAgyA pachI saurASTra prAMtamAM ghaNe ThekANe maMda gaDagaDATa thaI bhUkaMpa thayo hato. teno AMcako 6 sekanDa sudhI rahyo hato. te divase sAMje pAcho AMcako Avyo hato. joke koI jagyAe bahu nukasAna thayuM nahotuM. 27 navembara 1881nI madharAte rAjakoTamAM bhUkaMpano AMcako Avyo hato, je paNa 6 sekanDa sudhI rahyo hato. jAnyuArI 1881mAM pAlItANA ane tenI dakSiNe daza mAIla sudhInI dharatImAM bhUkaMpano AMcako lAgyo paNa kAMI nukasAna thayuM nahotuM. pathika traimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 0 25 For Private and Personal Use Only

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30 me, 1885nA roja kAzmIrane bhUkaMpanA 80 AMcakA lAgyA hatA, je AMcakA traNa divasa sudhI cAlu rahyA hatA ane bAramullA zahera AkhuM jamInadosta banI gayuM hatuM. lagabhaga 8 hajAra mANaso ane 15 hajAra pazuono bhoga te bhUkaMpa lIdho hato. tyAM 70 hajAra ghara tUTI gayA hatAM. bAramullA zaheranI AsapAsanI jamInamAM moTI tirADo paDI gaI hatI ane temAMthI pANI nIkaLatAM hatAM. paThana zaheramAM Azare 1200 varSa jUnuM bauddha maMdira paDI gayuM hatuM. 14 julAI, 1885 ne maMgaLavAranA roja kalakattA ne tenI AsapAsano pradeza savAre sADA cha vAgye dhaNadhaNI UThyo ane aneka makAno paDI gayA. hugalI nadInAM nIra jamIna upara dhasI AvyAM hatAM. nadImAM jamIna UpasI AvI hatI. kalakattAthI 11 mAIla dUra AvelA zrIrAmaporamAM keTalAka mANaso jamInamAM daTAI gayA hatA. neTAra khAte rAjavIno mahela paDavAthI asaMkhya mANaso daTAI gayA. murzidAbAdamAM navAba nAjIbano mahela ane royala miSTIleMganuM maMdira jamIna dosta thayAM hatAM. - 4 eprila, 1905mAM himAlayanI taLeTImAM Avela kAMjhAnI khINamAM bhUkaMpa thayo temAM lagabhaga 20,000 mANasono bhoga levAyo hato. I.sa. 1934mAM bihAramAM bhayaMkara bhUkaMpa thayo hato. tenI asara paTaNA, moMdhIra, jamAlapura vagere jagyAe paNa thaI hatI. A bhUkaMpa baporanA samaye thayo hato. temAM AlIzAna makAno dhasI paDyAM, hajAro mAnavo temAM homAyA. koI koI sthaLe pAMca phUTa jADo dhULanomaMthara patharAI gayo hato. gaMgA nadInAM nIra pAMceka miniTa sudhI UMDA UtarI gayAM hatAM ane punaH upara AvyAM hatAM. A bhUkaMpanI asara Azare 20,000 corasa mAIla jeTalA vistAramAM thaI. nepALamAM paNa tenI asara pahoMcI ane khaTamaMDa nagara aDadhuM tArAja thaI gayuM. nepALanA rAjAno mahela paNa bhUkaMpano bhoga banyo. A dharatIkaMpa vizva AkhAne UMDo AghAta pahoMcADyo hato. bihAranA A bhUkaMpa pachI mahAtmA gAMdhIjIe phALo ugharAvI bhUkaMpapIDitone pahoMcADyo hato. tyAre gAMdhIjIe TInavelInI 24 jAnyuArI 1934nI sabhAmAM kahyuM ke A dharatIkaMpa e "Izvare ApaNA pApane mATe mokalelI sajA che. AvA utpAtanuM kAraNa IzvarIya icchA sivAya bIjuM kAMI hoya zake nahIM." gAMdhIjInA A vidhAnano virodha thayo hato ane kavivara ravIndranAtha TAgore paNa A bAbate Azcarya vyakata karI potAno khulAso "to. A bihAranA dharatIkaMpa vakhate morabInA mahArAjA lagadhIrajIe rUA. 15OOO bhUkaMpa phaMDamAM AkhA ..11 e lagadhIrajInA morabImAM mukAyelA bAvalAne 26 jAnyuArInA bhUkaMpe toDI nAMkhyuM ane tenA traNa kaTakA thaI gayA che. A che kudaratanI lIlA. A lagadhIrajInAM pautravadhU morabInA rAjamAtAe A bhUkaMpamAM paNa 2 vimAna bharI rAhata sAmagrI mokalI ane pote khuda potAnI prajAne AzvAsana devA pharyA hatAM. 1934nA bihAranA e bhUkaMpano ullekha paMDita javAharalAla naherUe potAnI AtmakathAmAM paNa karyo che. temAM 12 hajAra mANaso mRtyu pAmyA hatA. 2 julAI 1938nA roja pALiyAdamAM bhUkaMpa ane dhaDAko thayo ane satata traNa divasa sudhI pALiyAda yUkyuM hatuM paNa koI jAnahAni noMdhAI nathI. 31 okTo. 1940nA divase navuM varSa hatuM tyAre bhAratamAM ghaNA bhAgamAM bhUkaMpanA AMcakAo noMdhAyA hatA, 29 julAI 1943nI rAtre 8 vAgye gauhATImAM haLavA traNathI cAra AMcakAo AvyA, je pachI 28 julAI 1947nI sAMje 7 vAgye kalakattAmAM sAmAnya AMcako Avyo hato. 30 julAI 1947nA divase AsAmamAM AvelA zivasAgaramAM UbhelA vikhyAta maMdirano ghummaTa bhUkaMpanA AMcakAthI paDI gayo hato. 15 ogaSTa 1950nA divase AsAmamAM ugra bhUkaMpa thayo hato. 21 julAI 1956nI rAtre 9 vAgye aMjAramAM joradAra bhUkaMpa Avyo. sAthe sAthe gujarAta, saurASTramAM paNa dharatI dhrujI hatI. traNa moTA AMcakA AvyA hatA, je 20 thI 60 sekanDa sudhI cAlyA hatA. tyAre aMjAramAM 1 hajAra makAno jamInadosta banyAM. 25 julAI 1956nA divase poNA agiyAra vAgye pharI kaccha ane saurASTra dhrUjyAM hatAM, paraMtu te AMcako haLavo hato. kheMgArapara gAme garamapANInA jharA phUTI nIkaLyA hatA. 27 julAI 195nA roja pharI trIjo AMcako Avyo je paNa haLavo hato. aMjAramAMthI 15 hajAra mANasone anyatra khaseDyA hatA. pachI sarakAranI madadathI pharIvAra aMjAra vikasyuM. te pAchuM kudarate 26 jAnyu. 2001nA zukravAre tArAja karyuM. 23 mArca 1970nI. savAre 7, 23 miniTe bharUcamAM Azare pAMca sekanDa sudhI vAraMvAra be mAtrAnA AMcakA pathika saimAsika - 1 bruArI-mArca 2001 - 26 For Private and Personal Use Only

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lAgyA pachI pAMca miniTamAM ja haLavI mAtrAno AMcako lAgyo. A bhUkaMpathI 26 mANasonAM mota thayAM hatAM. A pachI 5 Disembara 1975nA roja himAcala pradezamAM ane jammukAzmIramAM, 2 jUna 1976nA divase koyanAmAM, 14 sapTembara 1976mAM gauhATImAM, 13 eprila 1977nA roja zrInagara ane phirojapuramAM AMcakAo AvyA hatA. I.sa. 1976nA varSamAM vizvanA ghaNAkharA bhAgomAM ogaSTa-sapTembaramAM bhUkaMpa thayA hatA ane tyAre pathika nAmanA megejhinamAM zrI kizoralAla koThArInI bhUkaMpa vizenI AkhI lekhamALA zarU karavAmAM AvI hatI. saurASTranuM eka AkhuM nagara bhUkaMpamAM daTAI gayAnI noMdha paNa itihAsamAM maLe che ke rANA nAga bhANajI potAnI navI rANI sona kAThiyANI sAthe prehapATaNamAM AvI rahevA lAgyA. A kAThiyANI rANIne nAgArjuna nAme kuMvara thayo. te rANI potAnA piyara taLAjA hatI tyAre prehapATaNamAM moTo bhUkaMpa thayo ane te daTAI gayuM ane moTo TIMbo thaI gayo. pachI te nAgArjune taLAjAthI AvI te nagarIne pharIthI vasAvI te DhAMka kahevAyuM. A prehapATaNa dhuMdhaLImallanA zrApathI paNa daTTaNa so paTTaNa' thayAnI lokavAyakA pracalita che. bhUkaMpanI sAvacetI alaberUnI e bhUkaMpa vizenI thoDI noMdha karI che ke je samayane azubha mAnavAmAM Ave che ane jemAM koIpaNa prakAranA guNa na hoya te che bhUkaMpano samaya. te samaye hiMdu zubhazukananI prApti ane aniSTanA nirAkaraNa mATe potAnA gharanAM vAsaNone jamIna upara pachADIne toDI nAMkhe che ema lakhyuM che.' dariyAkAMThA pAsethI dariyAnuM pANI ociMtuM jatuM rahe tyAre ApaNe bhUkaMpanI saMbhAvanA samajI surakSita sthaLe jatuM rahevuM. bhUkaMpa thatA samaye sApa, uMdara jevA jIvo potAnA daramAMthI jaldI bahAra nIkaLIne cakrAve caDI jAya che. kabUtaro ane mAchalIone paNa bhUkaMpanI jANa thaI jAya che. kabUtaro ke prANIo sAva zAMta banI jatAM hoya che. mAchalIo mAchalIgharamAM vivaLa banI jatI hoya che. kabUtarone caNa nAMkhavA chatAM dharatI upara besatAM nathI. aitihAsika imAratono dhvasa 26 jAnyuArI 201nA zukravAranA savAre 8 10 vAgyAnA bhUkaMpe nIce mujabanAM aitihAsika imArato ane smArakone nukazAna pahoMcADyuM che. jUnAgaDhamAM bArazahIdanI jagyA pAse Avela nAjubIbInA makabarAno guMbaja dharAzayI thayo. giranAra uparanA aMbAjI maMdiranI eka dIvAla paDI. svAmInArAyaNamaMdira ane bahAudInabhAInA makabarAmAM tirADo paDI gaI. uparakoTa paNa khaLabhaLI UThIne nukazAna pAmyo che. navAbI kALano girivihAra nAmano baMgalo to toDI nAMkhavo paDe tevI sthitimAM AvI gayo che. bhUjamAM 113 varSa jUnA myujhiyamane khUba ja nukazAna pahoMcyuM che, jemAM 7mI sadInI bhagavAna buddhanI mUrti, phatehamahamadane TIpu sulatAne ApelI baMdUka, alabhya sikkAo, hIrAo vagere hatuM, lakhapatajInI chataraDI, lAlanakoleja janarala haoNspiTala, hATakezvara maMdira, svAmInArAyaNa maMdira, indrAbAI garlsa hAIskUla, umedabhavana, hamIrasara taLAva, AzApurA maMdira vagerene paNa khUba ja nukazAna pahoMcyuM che. bhUjamAM eka AkhuM maMdira uparanA moTA ghummaTa sudhI jamInamAM dharabAI gayuM. bhadrezvara, vasaI jainatIrthamAM nukazAna, lAyajA gAmanA derAsaramAM pArzvanAthanI jUnI mUrti, caumukhajInI dharmanAthajInI mUrti temaja anya traNa mUrtio khaMDita thatI bacI jatAM e anyatra khaseDavAmAM AvI hatI. A sivAya kerAnA zivAlaya, kaMthakoTa, puarogaDha ane mAtAnA maDhane nukazAna thayuM che. aMjAramAM jesala toralanuM samAdhimaMdira temaja paMgamAM dAdA mekaraNanI samAdhi paNa dharAzAyI thaI che. jAmanagaramAM bhujiyA koThAno upalo bhAga tUTI paDyo che. A sivAya rabAInI masjidane nukazAna thayuM che. vAMkAneramAM tenA gauravasamA pula daravAjo ane DuMgara uparanA pelesanA kAMgarA kharI paDyA che. 200 jeTalAM varSa jUnuM derAsara dhvasta thayuM che. "zatAbdI jUnI' vahorA masjidamAM paNa tirADa paDI che. vAMkAnera pAsenA paurANika jaDezvara maMdirano Agalo bhAga dharAzAyI thayo che. pathika - vaimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI mArca 2001 ~ 27 For Private and Personal Use Only

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morabImAM naherUgeTa, maNimaMdira, rAjamahelanA kAMgarAo kharI paDyA che. pADApula pAsenI siMhanI pratimA paNa tUTI paDI che. lagadhIrajInA bAvalAnA traNa kaTakA thayo che. grIna TAvarane paNa nukazAna pahoMcyuM che. morabI pAsenA vavANiyAmAM gAMdhIjInA AdhyAtmika guru zrImad rAmacaMdranA maMdirane nukazAna pahoMcyuM che. rAjacaMdrajInI mUrtino eka hAtha tUTI gayo che ane rAmabAImAnA maMdirane paNa moTuM nukazAna thayuM che. prabhAsapATaNa polIsa sTezana pAseno jUno killo dharAzAyI thayo che. jUnA somanAtha maMdiramAM baMbakezvara maMdiramAM tirADa pachI che. dvArakAnA jagatamaMdiramAM paNa tirADo paDI che. rAjakoTamAM hATakezvara maMdirano ghummaTa tUTyo che. goMDalamAM saMgrAmajI hAIskUlanA TAvaranA kAMgarA halyA che. saradAragaDhamAM Avela makabarAone paNa nukazAna pahoMcyuM che. dhumalInA navalakhA maMdirano ghaNo bhAga khaLabhaLyo che. upaleTAmAM Azare 125 varSa jUnI tADavALI masjida tUTI paDI che ane pAsanA DAkaNiyA DuMgara upara khoDiyAramAnuM maMdira jamInadosta banyuM che. porabaMdaramAM janI dIvAdAMDI, TAunaholano minAro ane vorAnI masjidane nukazAna pahocyuM che. amarelImAM jesIMgaparAnI masjida, jelanA koThA, lAIbrerI, svAmInArAyaNa maMdira pAse gaDhanI rAMga, nAganAtha mahAdevanA maMdirane nukazAna pahoMcyuM che. coTIlA tAlukAmAM jUnA sUrajadevaLanA maMdirano Agalo Akho ghummaTa dharAzAyI thayo ane thAna pAsenA munibAvAnA maMdirano ghummaTano laTakato bhAga tUTI paDyo che. coTIlA DuMgara upara cAmuMDA mAtAjInA maMdiranI pAchalI dIvAlane nukazAna thayuM che dhAMdhalapuramAM vAvanA kAMThe Ubhela dhuMdhaLImallanA 10 phUTa jeTalA UMcA putaLAnA traNa kaTakA thaI gayA che. sAyalA tAlukAnA gaDhavALA(ninAmA) gAmano killo ane AkhuM gAma jamInadosta banyAM che. mAtra jAlabAImAnA oraDo salAmata rahyo che. lImaDInA rAjavIno mahela je rAmakRSNa mizanane ApI dIdho che tene paNa nukazAna pahoMcyuM che. amadAvAdanAM sthApatyonI yAdI to bahu moTI thAya tevI che teTaluM nukazAna bhUpamAM thayuM che. A aitihAsika smArakone pAchA e sthitimAM have kyAreya lAvI zakAze nahIM e vasavaso rAjakoTanA purAtattvavida zrI vAya.ema. cittalavAlAe vyakta karyo che ane dareka jagyAe cokIdAra goThavyA che. A samaye je ApaNe sahu A prakopathI bacI javA pAmyA chIe te bhUkaMpanA motane bheTanAra AtmAonA kalyANArthe prArthanA karIe ane kudaratanA A saMketane jIvana sAthe vaNI laIe ane je rIte mAnave rahevuM joIe te rIte ekabIjAne madadarUpa banIne zAMtithI rahIe e ja Izvara pAse prArthanA. sAthesAthe bhUkaMpapIDita mATe madadarUpa bananAra sarakAra, videzI sarakAro, dhArmika saMsthAo, sAdhusaMto, svayaMsevako, sainyanA javAno, polIsa ane samAcAranAM mAdhyamone khUbakhUba dhanyavAda ke dareke potAnI pharaja bajAvI mAnavatAnuM uttama udAharaNa bhArata ane duniyAe pUruM pADyuM prakRtinI A saMhAralIlA nihALIne volTara relae IzvaramAMthI zraddhA gumAvI hatI paNa ApaNe e IzvaramAMthI zraddhA na gumAvIe e AzA. pAdaTIpa 1. iliyaTa, DAusana, 'bhAratano itihAsa' khaMDa-8, pR. 25 2. maurya vijayagupta, pRthvIdarzana', pR. 41 3. iliyaTa, DAusana, khaMDa-1, pR. 85, maurya vijayagupta, pR. 41 4. iliyaTa, DAusana, khaMDa 7, pR. 129 5. maurya vijayagupta, pRthvIdarzana, pR. 41 da, mA...zI, 'kacchavRttAMta', pR. 88 7. cAMdalajI DosAbhAI, "hisTrI opha gujarAta", pR. dada 8, kAThiyAvADa DirekaTarI, 1871, pR. 41 9. vaoNTasana je. Dabalyu, "kAThiyAvADa sarvasaMgraha, pR. 3pa-3 10. gAMdhI mohanadAsa, "dharmamaMthana", pR. 26-270 11. bhaTTa harizaMkara, zrI lagadhI yuga, bhAga-1, pR. 18pa 12. pAThaka jagajIvanarAma, makaradhvajavaMzI mahIpamALA. 13. kayAmaudIna ahamada, "bhArata alabirUnI", pR. 253 pathika * saimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 - 28 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhAratamAM AvelA vinAzaka dharatIkaMponI tavArIkha gata dAyakAmAM AvelA vinAzaka bhUkaMpo e vAtanI sAkSI pUre che. ke bhAratamAM bhUstarIya popaDAnI halacala khataranAka stare pahoMcI che. AvatA dazakamAM vadhu dharatIkaMpa thaze evI AgAhI niSNAto karI rahyA che. sthaLa : lAtura - 1993 cAkara (AsAma) 1984 tIvratA - 6.3 tIvratA. tIvratA - 5 6 maraNAMka - 7.610 maraNAMka - 11 dharamazAlA (hariyANA) 1986 myAnamAra - 1988 tIvratA - pa.7 tIvratA - 7.2 maraNAMka - aprApya maraNAMka - 2 jammu (jammu ane kAzamIra) - 1980 jabalapura (uttara pradeza) tIvratA - 5.5 tIvratA - 6.0 maraNAMka - 15 maraNAMka - 39 cAmolI (uttara pradeza) 1991 dhAraculA (uttarapradeza) - 1988 tIvratA - 6.6 tIvratA - 6,1 maraNAMka - 769 maraNAMka - 200 nepALa - 1988 tIvratA - 6.7 maraNAMka - 104 gujarAtamAM 26 bhUkaMpo bhUja ane amadAvAda uparAMta samagra gujarAtane hacamacAvI gayelo tAjetarano bhUkaMpa AjhAdI prApti bAda - atyAra sudhImAM noMdhAyelA bhUkaMpa paikI sauthI tIvra parimANa dharAvato bhUkaMpa che. gujarAtamAM A agAu 1842mAM prathama bhUkaMpa vaDodarAmAM anubhavAyo hato. gujarAtamAM AvelA anya bhUkaMpo para jo eka najara karIe to evuM jaNAya che. ke 184rathI sana 2001 sudhI gujarAtamAM kyAreka haLavA to kyAreka 30 sekanDasa sudhI cAlyA hoya tevA bhUkaMpa AMcakAo AvyA che. A vigatomAM vadhu UMDA utarI to bhUkaMpanuM varSa asara pAmelo vistAra 184ra : vaDodarA 1844 : lakhapata-kaccha 184pa : lakhapata-kaccha 1849 : hArija, kherAlu, vijApura 1864 : surata, amadAvAda ane saurASTra vistAra 1886 : kherAlu-vaDanagara 1889 : harIja, kherAlu 1907 : kherAlu, siddhapura 1909 : kherAlu, mahesANA, siddhapura 1919 : bhAvanagara tathA tenI AsapAsanA gAmo, 1922 : pAraDI, rAjakoTa pathika saimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 29 For Private and Personal Use Only

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8.0 1935 : kapaDavaMja 1938 : pALIyAda, morabI, viramagAma, bhAvanagara (A bhUkaMpa daramyAna nabaLAM bAMdhakAmo tUTI paDyAM hatAM) 1940 : dvArakA, rAjakoTa tathA saurASTranA anya vistAro 1950 : tArApura, jAloda 1956 : aMjAra 1962 : pAlItANA, okhA baMdara 1970 : vaDodarA, surata bhAvanagara ane ukAI, rAjapIpaLA vistAra. 1970 bAda 1978mAM amarelI ane surendranagaramAM, 1979mAM bhAvanagara ane mALIyAmAM, 1986mAM rAjulAmAM tyArabAda 1993mAM pharI rAjulAmAM, 1995 ane 1998mAM rAjakoTamAM ane 1999 ane 200mAM bhAvanagaramAM bhUkaMpanA AMcakA anubhavAyA che. ra6mI jAnyuArI, 2001nA AvelAM bhUkaMpano AMcako tIvra hovAthI ApaNane tenI bhayAnakatAno khyAla pahelIvAra Avyo che. gujarAta atyAra sudhImAM nAnA-moTAM rada bhUkaMponuM sAkSI rahyuM che. saujanyaH janaphariyAda dainika bhAratIya prajAe chellA 180 varSamAM veThelA bhUkaMponI sUci tArIkha sthaLa kaMpananI tivratA rikTara skela) 16mI jUna, 1819 kaccha, gujarAta 10mI jAnyuArI, 1869 kAcara, AsAma 7.5 30mI me, 1885 sopora, jammu-kAzmIra 12mI jUna 1897 ziloMga 8.7 4thI eprila, 1905 kAMgarA, himAcala pradeza 8.0 8mI julAI, 1918 zrImaMgala, AsAma rajI julAI 1930 dhubarI, AsAma 15mI jAnyuArI, 1934 bihAra-nepALa sarahada 8.3 ra6mI juna 1941 AMdAmAna TApuo 8.1 23mI okTobara, 1943 AsAma 15mI ogasTa, 1950 arUNAcala pradeza 21mI julAI, 1956 aMjAra, gujarAta 10mI Disembara, 1967 koyanA, mahArASTra 19mI jAnyuArI 1975 kizora, himAcalapradeza 6ThThI ogasTa, 1988 maNipura 21mI ogasTa, 1988 bihAra-nepALa sarahada 20mI okTobara, 1991 uttarakAzI 30mI sapTembara, 1993 lAtura-osmAnAbAda-mahArASTra 6.3 22mI me 1997 jabalapura, madhyapradeza 6.0 ra9mI mArca, 1999 camolI, uttarapradeza 6.8 26mI jAnyuArI, 2001 bhuja-aMjAra gujarAta 6.97.9 saujanyaH gujarAta samAcAra dainika 7.1 7.1 7.2 pathika vaimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI mArca 2001 0 30 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhUkaMpathI sauthI vadhu zakyatAvALA pradezo kaccha jevI tabAhInuM punarAvartana thatuM aTakAvavA mATe dareka pradezanA nAgarikoe bhUkaMpa vize sAmAnya jJAna meLavI levuM Avazyaka banyuM che. tyAre samagra bhAratanI jamInamAM kAryarata "pholTanA AdhAre bhUkaMpanA AMcakA kyA rAjyamAM kendra zAsita pradezamAM keTalA tIvra hoI zake che tenuM vargIkaraNa ahIM rajU karyuM che. dharatIkaMpanI mAtrA keTalI tArAjI kSaNabharamAM phelAvI zake che. tene mApadaMDa tarIke svIkArI jhona pADavAmAM AvyA che. jhona 1 eTale najIvuM jokhama dharAvato pradeza, jayAre jhona 5 eTale vinAzaka bhUkaMpanI zakyatA dharAvato bhaugolika vistAra, kaccha vargIkaraNa mujaba jhona-5mAM Ave che. sismIka jhona tarIke oLakhAtuM vargIkaraNa nIce mujaba che. bhUkaMpa saMbhAvanA jhona-2, 3, 4 jhona-2, 3, 4 rAjya tathA bhUkaMpa saMbhAvanA kendrazAsita pradeza kSetra kramAMka AMdAmAna nikobAra TApuo jhona-5 arUNAcala pradeza jhona-5 AsAma jhona-5 bihAra jhona-5 gujarAta jhona-5 himAcala pradeza jhona-4, 5 jammu-kAzmIra jhona-5 maNipura jhona-5 mijhorama jhona-5 meghAlaya jhona-5 nAgAlenDa jhona-5 tripurA jhona-5 uttarapradeza jhona-2, 3, 4, 5 pazcima baMgALa jhona-2, 3, 4, 5 caMdIgaDha jhona-4 rAjya tathA dilhI jhona-4 hariyANA mahArASTra paMjAba jhona-2, 3, 4 rAjasthAna sikkIma AMdhrapradeza dAdarAnagara havelI damaNa-diva govA jhona-2, 3 karNATaka jhona-2, 3 keraLa jhona-2, 3 lakSadvipa TApuo madhyapradeza orissA poMDicerI tAmilanADu jhona-2, 3, 4 jhona-4 jhona-2, 3 jhona-3 jhona-3 jhona-3 jhona-2, 3 jhona-2, 3 jhona-2, 3 jhona-2, 3 saujanya : janaphariyAda dainika pathika * saimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 0 31 For Private and Personal Use Only

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8.1 9 vizvanA bhUkaMpano itihAsa varSa dezamegnITyuDa rikTara skela) 1952 jApAna 1906 ikvADora 8.8 raziyA 9.0 1922 senTala cIlI 8.5 1957 boTiyana AIlenDa9.1 1923 raziyA 8.5 bhogolIyA 8.1 jApAna. 1958 kurila AIlenDasa 8.3 1932 meksiko 8.1 1960 sadharna AIlDa 9.5 1933 jApAna 1965 eTalAnTiyana AIlenDa8.7 1938 inDoneziyA 8.5 196 8 jApAna 8.2 alAskama 8.2 1977 inDoneziyA 8.3 1944 jApAne 8.1 1989 osTreliyA 8.2 1946 jApAna 8.1 1991 sadharna keliphorniyA 7.5 1949 kolaMbIyA 8.1 1994 kurila AIlenDa 8.3 1950 arUNAcala pradeza 8.6 northa vesTarna boliviyA8.2 1951 tibeTa 7.5 1996 InDoneziyA 8.2 2001 kaccha, bhArata 7.9 ! ne 64 ra ' , " amadAvAda, jazodApArka-traNa mALano phaleTa : vAsaNA caMdranagara pAse Avela A traNa mALanA A phaleTamAM ra6 jAnyuArI 2001nA dharatIkaMpamAM AkhuM makAna dharAzarya thayuM. Azare 50 vyakti aMdara daTAI hatI. pathika saimAsika - jAnyuArI-phebruArI-mArca 2001 * 3ra For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhArata INDIA BOOK-POST pathika Printed Matter SARDAR YRAMONAI PATEL Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 200 ravAnA : pathika kAryAlaya, C/o. bho. je. vidyAbhavana, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-380009 ge. rAnajIbhAi ThakarAra aMtariyAM e-4, yajJapuruSanagara, karmacArI nagara ne, rAMpArka, vADhavADiyA, amadAvAda - 380 01