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________________ .84 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha : navama khaNDa PART pataJjali yogazAstra : eka cintana 0 DA. vasanta gajAnanda rAhurakara ema.e., pI-eca.DI. (rIDara, saMskRta ucca adhyayana kendra, pUnA vizvavidyAlaya) karmayogI zrIkRSNa ne kahA-he arjuna ! tapasvI, jJAnI aura karma karane vAle kI apekSA yogI zreSTha hai| ataH tU yogI bana / ' yogazAstra ke isa sarvopakAritva ko lakSya meM rakhakara mumukSu sAdhakoM ko isakA samyag parijJAna karAne ke lie AcArya pataJjali ne bhAratIya vAGmaya kA gaharAI se anuzIlana-parizIlana kara apanI prakRSTa pratibhA aura jJAna ke anubhava ke AdhAra para yoga-sUtroM kI racanA kii| Aja yogazAstra ko saMskRta vAGamaya aura bhArata kI eka advitIya dena ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai| DaoNkTara karNasiMha ke zabdoM meM mAnava ke mastiSka, mana, buddhi Adi kA kArya kisa prakAra cala rahA hai, yaha Aja taka eka pahelI ke rUpa meM rahA hai| prastuta yogazAstra meM bhArata meM prAcInakAla se atyadhika gaveSaNA huI hai parantu Adhunika vijJAnazAstra ke parIkSaNa-prastara para usa gaveSaNA kA parIkSaNa evaM samvAda honA apekSita hai / kuNDalinI-jAgaraNa aura dhyAnAtIta-samAdhimArga prabhati viSayoM para bhI prAyogika stara para saMzodhana honA bahuta hI Avazyaka hai| pAtaJjala yogadarzana ko hama bhAratIya manovijJAna kaha sakate haiN| zikSA kSetra meM manobalavardhana kI dRSTi se yoga, Asana, Adi kA pracAra upayukta hai, isalie usakA pracAra honA cAhie / prAcIna maharSiyoM ke abhimatAnusAra mAnava 'amRtasya putra' hai kintu patita nhiiN| ata: yoga-mArga se prANa-zakti aura jJAnamArga se avadhAnazakti jAgRta karake mAnava ke hita ke lie ina supta zaktiyoM kA vikAsa Avazyaka hai| yoga ko hama zAstra bhI kaha sakate haiM aura kalA bhii| zarIra-puSTi athavA roga-mukti taka hI yoga sImita nahIM hai aura na vibhUti sampAdana karanA tathA camatkAra se jana-mAnasa ko camatkRta karanA hI yoga hai| yogazAstra to AtmA kI UrdhvamukhI vijaya yAtrA kA zAstra hai| mAnava ke zarIra, mana, supta zaktiyAM, zArIrika evaM mAnasika svAsthya, naitika jIvana aura Atma-jAgaraNa ke kArya meM vRddhi karanA yogazAstra kA uddezya hai| ise hama mAnava ke vikAsa kA zAstra bhI kaha sakate haiM kyoMki yaha hameM divya va bhavya patha para bar3hane kI prabala preraNA pradAna karatA hai| pAtaJjala yogadarzana advaitavedAnta kA paripUraka zAstra hai| eka hI brahmavidyA ke ye do rUpa haiN| isameM prathama upapatyAtmaka hai aura dvitIya prayogAtmaka hai| kucha cintakoM kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki brahmasUtra meM jo yoga zabda vyavahRta huA hai vaha pAtaMjala yogazAstra hI hai| una cintakoM meM pramukha cintaka vAcaspati mizra haiM; parantu yaha dhAraNA bhrAnta hai| vedAntasUtroM ke anusAra dvaita anukUla yoga sambhava nahIM hai| upaniSadoM meM pratipAdita yoga kA carama utkarSa bhagavadgItA meM nihArA jA sakatA hai| yoga kA artha cittavRttinirodha hai| isa nirodha kA varNana zrIkRSNa ne arjuna ke udbodhana ke lie kiyA hai| bhagavadgItA ke pratyeka adhyAya ke anta meM 'brahmavidyAyAM yogazAstre' zabda jo prayukta huA hai vaha atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| isa vedokta brahmavidyA ke yogazAstra rUpa aMga ko sUtra rUpa meM pratibaddha kara pataJjali ne use eka viziSTa zAstrIya rUpa diyA hai / pataJjali ne samAdhi-pAda, sAdhanA-pAda, vibhUti-pAda aura kaivalya-pAda ke rUpa meM yogazAstra kA vivecana kiyA hai| pataJjali ne yama-niyamoM kA sUkSma vivecana kiyA hai| manovijJAna kI dRSTi se yaha eka mahattvapUrNa vizleSaNa hai| ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha-ye pA~ca yama; aura zauca, santoSa, tapa, svAdhyAya, IzvarapraNidhAna-ye -. -----.. - . 0 0
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________________ pataJjali yogazAstra : eka cintana 85 . pA~ca niyama nizcita kiye gaye haiN| ina yama aura niyamoM meM vyakti kI unnati aura samAja ke samanvayAtmaka sahayoga kI dhAraNA pataJjali ke antarmana meM hai| pataJjali ke samaya meM upalabdha yogazAstra viSayaka sambandhI sAhitya kA anuzIlana yogasUtroM meM spaSTa rUpa se dIkhatA hai| abhyAsa-vairAgya se nirodha hotA hai| pataJjali ke isa vidhAna kA samarthana bhagavadgItA se bhI hotA hai| bhArata meM veda Adi ke nirmANa ke pazcAt mAnava kI jijJAsA bRtti se hI SaDAGgoM evaM SaDdarzana-zAstroM kA nirmANa huA hai| isa virAT vizva kI ramaNIyatA evaM bhavyatA ko nihAra kara mUrdhanya manISiyoM ke antarmAnasa meM jijJAsAe~ udbuddha huiiN| Rgveda' ke zabdoM meM kahU~ to 'yaha vividha sRSTi jisase nirmita huI, tathA jinhoMne dhAraNa kI aura jinameM isakA upasaMhAra hotA hai, usa parama vyoma ke nivAsI paramezvara haiN| unako yaha kisa prakAra sambhava huA hogA, yaha kahanA kaThina hai, parantu prastuta jijJAsAvRtti ne hI SaT-darzana ko janma diyaa| vaizeSikadarzana ke AdyapraNetA kaNAda ne SaTpadArthoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai|' nyAyadarzana ke nirmAtA gautama ne 'abhAva' nAmaka sAtaveM padArtha kA varNana kiyA hai| jaise dravya-guNa Adi chaha padArtha indriyoM se gocara hote haiM usI prakAra 'abhAva' bhI indriya dvArA jJAta hone vAlA padArtha hai| isa abhAva ke prAgabhAva, pradhvaMsAbhAva, anyonyAbhAva aura atyantAbhAva nAmaka cAra prakAra haiN| abhAva padArtha kI siddhayartha usake pratiyogI padArtha ke astitva kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| ghaTa aura ghaTAbhAva ye paraspara pratiyogI padArtha haiN| zazazRMga kA kahIM para bhI astitva nahIM hai ataH usakA abhAva nyAyazAstra ke anusAra padArtha nahIM kahalA sktaa| isake uparAnta vicAra-vikAsa ke krama meM sAMkhyadarzana AtA hai| isameM tattvajJAna vicAroM kI utkrAnti spaSTa rUpa se dRggocara hotI hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM AtmA aura mana kA samAveza padArthoM meM kiyA gayA hai kintu kapila ke sAMkhyazAstra meM AtmA arthAt puruSa ko paccIsavA~ tattva mAnA hai / ataHkaraNa ke saMkalpa-vikalpa ke vyApAra ko mana kahA hai| sAMkhyadarzana kA pradhAna kAraNavAda sabhI ne mAnya kiyA hai kyoMki satkAryavAda Adi kI saMsiddhi ke lie usakA upayoga Avazyaka hai| sAMkhya ke aneka tattva vedAnta ke tattvoM ko samajhane ke lie Avazyaka haiN| sAMkhya meM tattva vicAroM ke vikAsa kI paripakva avasthA dikhAyI detI hai| sAMkhyazAstra kA 'pradhAna' jagata kA kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki vaha acetana tattva hai ataH Izvara ke astitva ko svIkAra kiyA gayA aura sezvarasAMkhya kA nirmANa huaa| cetana-puruSa hI Izvara hai aura vaha jagata kA bhI kAraNa hai| usakI upAsanA sAdhakoM ko iSTa phala pradAna karatI hai| mana kI vRttiyoM kA nirodha karake puruSatattva kA sAkSAtkAra sambhava hai / sezvarasAMkhya hI yoga hai| veda-mantroM kA RSiyoM ke hRdaya meM vikAsa ina cAroM darzanoM ke vikAsa ke sAtha ho rahA thaa| vedavyAsa ne vedoM ke mantroM kA cAra saMhitAoM meM vargIkaraNa karake unheM adhyayana-sulabha bnaayaa| ina sabhI veda-mantroM kA upayoga yajJakarma meM Avazyaka mAnA gyaa| mantroM kA artha-vivaraNa, mantroM kA viniyoga, dharma kA svarUpa, dharma kA antima phala, Adi viSayoM para jaiminIpraNIta pUrvamImAMsAdarzana AdhArita hai| veda kA svarUpa trikANDAtmaka (karma, upAsanA aura jJAna) hai| inameM karma-kANDa kA vicAra pUrvamImAMsA-darzana meM upalabdha hai| yajJayAga se svarga-prApti karma-kANDa kA puruSArtha mAnA jAtA thA kintu upAsanA aura jJAna ina kANDoM kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa nahIM the| jIva aura brahma ina donoM kA saMyoga vedoM kA parama puruSArtha mAnA gayA hai / ina siddhAntoM ko brahmasUtra meM gaThita kiyA gayA hai aura vaha uttaramImAMsA ke nAma se vizruta huA hai| sezvarasAMkhya meM upAsanAkANDa kA vicAra atialpa hai| yahA~ para IzvarapraNidhAna kA ullekha hai| isa darzana kA antima dhyeya puruSatattva hai| jIva, brahma meM aikya nhiiN| brahmasUtroM kA dhyeya jIva aura brahma meM aikya sthApita karanA hai / viveka cUDAmaNi meM AcArya zaMkara ne isa prakAra kahA hai ki jIva aura brahma ko viveka se jaano| ina chaha darzanoM meM sezvarasAMkhya puruSatattva ke darzana ke lie manovRttiyoM kA nirodha pratipAdita karatA hai| maharSi vyAsa ne isa yogadarzana kA khaNDana kiyA hai|11 pataJjali ke yogasUtra kA prathama sUtra hai ki maiM aba yoga kA pratipAdana karatA hU~ / ataH brahmasUtra meM yoga kA khaNDana pataJjali yoga nahIM hai| isa viSaya kA pratipAdana marAThI bhASA meM prakAzita suprasiddha grantha 'bhAratIya mAnasazAstra' athavA 'sArtha-savivaraNa pAtaMjala yogadarzana" meM bhI isa viSaya kA pratipAdana hai / isa grantha ke abhimatAnusAra vedAntasUtrakAra bAdarAyaNa vyAsa ke lagabhaga tIna sahasra varSa pazcAt AcArya pataJjali hue, jinhoMne yogazAstra kA saMkalana-Akalana kiyaa|
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________________ * 86 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha navama khaNDa kitane hI anya vijJoM kA aisA mantavya hai ki vedAnta meM pA~ca manovRttiyoM kA varNana milatA hai vaha pataJjali ke yoga sUtra se liyA gayA hai / 14 pataJjali yogasUtra meM pAMca cittavRttiyoM kA ullekha hai, parantu yahA~ para 'manas' aura 'citta' zabda kA artha vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM mana, buddhi aura ahaMkAra nAmaka antaHkaraNa tritaya haiM / pataJjali yogazAstra meM mana, buddhi, ahaMkAra aura 'citta' nAmaka antaHkaraNa catuSTaya hai / 'citta' zabda pataJjali ke yogazAstra kA eka mahattvapUrNa tattva hai aura sAMkhya meM isakI carcA nahIM hai / pataMjali ke yogazAstra meM bhAratIya manovijJAna kA mahattvapUrNa vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| vyaktidharma aura samAjadharma kA utkRSTa samanvaya prastuta grantha-ratna meM dikhAyA gayA hai / ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ina pA~ca yamoM kA pAlana jaba sAdhaka karegA taba vaha samAja ke abhyudaya ke mArga para nizcita rUpa se hI Age bar3hegA / samAja hita ko sAmane rakhakara vyaktigata utkarSa ke lie zauca, santoSa, tapa, svAdhyAya aura IzvarapraNidhAna mahattvapUrNa niyama haiM / ina sAmAjika evaM vyaktigata dharmoM ke atirikta sAdhaka yathAzakti evaM yathAAvazyakatAnusAra Asana. prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi kA bhI abhyAsa karatA hai / samAdhi ke do prakAra haiM- samprajJAta aura asamprajJAta / samprajJAta samAdhi meM 'citta' ko sUkSma Alambana detedete kevala maiM hU~ 'asmi' isa zuddha Alambana para sthiratA prApta karane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| usake pazcAt 'asmi' rUpa bhAvanA kA sahaja parityAga hotA hai aura sAdhaka asaMprajJAta kI ora prasthita hotA hai| isa avasthA meM jIva ko apane tAttvika svarUpa kA parijJAna hotA hai / yahI Atma-sAkSAtkAra hai| yogazAstra meM ise 'kaivalya' kahate haiM / isake pazcAt yogI jagata-vyavahAra ko sAkSIrUpa meM dekhakara jagata ke uddhAra hetu sAttvika karma karatA rahatA hai| jIvanmukti sukha kA asvAda lete hue asatva-bhAva se satvaguNoM se sampanna zreSTha avasthA meM bar3hatA calatA hai| yogazAstra kI yaha carama avasthA bhAratIya manovijJAna kI eka anamola nidhi hai / vijJoM kA aisA mantavya hai ki pataJjali yoga sUtra kA cauthA pAda bAda meM samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai / kintu pataJjali meM yogazAstra kA krama vikAsa sUkSma dRSTi se dekhA jAya to isa mata kA pratipAdana karanA ati sulabha ho jAtA hai| yoga kA artha cittavRttinirodha hai, yaha spaSTa rUpa se prathama pAda meM kahA gayA hai| yaha cittavRttinirodha samAdhi avasthA meM pUrNatA ko prApta hotA hai / abhyAsa aura vairAgya nirodhasAdhaka sAdhana haiM / usakA vizleSaNa karane. ke pazcAt pataMjali ne samAdhi kI carcA kI hai| isalie pahale pAda kA nAma samAdhi-pAda rakhA hai| dUsare pAda meM samAdhi-sAdhana ke lie yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma aura pratyAhAra ina pA~ca bahiraMga sAdhanoM kA ullekha hai / tIsare pAda meM cittavRttinirodha ke antaraMga sAdhanoM kA ullekha Arambha meM hI kara diyA hai aura ina tIna sAdhanoM se jJAna aura sAmarthya kA anubhava isa pAda meM vistRta kiyA gayA hai aura isIlie isa pAda kA nAma vibhUti-pAda rakhA hai / yoga-sAdhanA meM prApta siddhiyoM kA yahA~ spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai / " pataJjali ne ina siddhiyoM ko upasarga mAnA hai aura sAdhaka ko kaivalya avasthA prApta karane ke lie agrasara hone kI pavitra preraNA pradAna kI hai| isa krama meM kaivalya-pAda, kA honA atyadhika Avazyaka hai| kaivalyapAda meM kaivalya anubhava ke mArga meM Ane vAlI bAdhAoM se nivRtta hone ke, lie yogI aneka zarIra evaM 'citta' kA nirmANa karatA hai aura ananta citta-vizrAnti kI zreSTha bhUmikA kI ora agrasara hotA hai / anta meM videha mukti pada ko prApta kara letA hai / 'pAda' zabda kA artha caturthAMza hai isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki yogazAstra pAdacatuSTaya se hI yukta hai / kitane hI AkSepa karane vAle pataMjali ke sambandha meM bahuta kama jAnate haiN| kitane hI loga samAdhi, kuNDalinI aura yoga dvArA prApta kucha siddhiyoM ke pradarzana mAtra ko hI yoga samajha baiThe haiN| isa viSaya kI carcA yahA~ para adhika karanA upayukta nahIM hai / hama yahA~ itanA hI kahakara apanA vaktavya pUrNa karate haiM zUro'si kRtavidyo'si - vRddho vidvadvaro'si ca / masmin deze tvamutpanno yogastatra na jJAyate //
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________________ pataJjali yogazAstra : eka cintana 87 . sandarbha aura sandarbha sthala 1 tapasvibhyo'dhiko yogI, jJAnibhyo'pi yato'dhikaH / kamibhyazcAdhiko yogI, tasmAdyogI bhavArjuna ! // -bhagavadgItA, 6 / 46 2 DA. karNasiMha ke abhibhASaNa se / 3 etena yogaH pratyuktaH / -adhyAya 1, pAda 2 / 4 abhyAsavairAgyAbhyAM tannirodhaH / --yoga 1/12 / 5 abhyAsena tu kaunteya vairAjJeyA ca gRhyte| -bhagavadgItA, 6/35 .6 iyaM visRSTiryata AbUbhUva yadi vA dadhe yadi vA na / yo asyAdhyakSaH parame vyoman tso aGga veda yadi vA na veda / -Rgveda, nAsadIya sUkta, 126 7 kapilasya kaNAdasya gautamasya pataMjaleH / vyAsasya jaiminezcApi zAstrANyAhu SaDeva hi ||-advaitaamod vaizeSikAH tantrArthabhUtAn SaTpadArthAn dravya-guNa-karma-sAmAnya-vizeSa samavAyAkhyAn atyantabhinnAna bhinnalakSaNAn abhyupagacchanti / 6 sarvaM khalvidaM brahma / -brahmasUtra 2-2-67 zAMkarabhASya 10 deho'hamityeva jaDasya buddhidehe ca jIve viduSastvahaMdhIH / viveka vijJAnavato mahAtmano brahmAhamityeva matisadAtmani / / -vivekacUDAmaNi, AcArya zaMkara 11 etena yoga: pratyuktaH / -brahmasUtra-vyAsa 12 atha yogAnuzAsanam / -yogasUtra, 1/1 13 kRSNAjI kezava kolharakara / 14 paJcavRttirmanovadvyapadizyate / -brahmasUtra, 2/4/12 15 te samAdhAtupasargA vyutthAne siddhayaH / --yogasUtra, vibhUtipAda, 3/38 ***