Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 9 // paryuSaNa aura kezaloca kaba aura kyoM? prazna - paryuSaNa arthAt saMvatsarI parva kaba karanA cAhie aura usa prasaMga para kezaloca karane kA kyA uddezya hai? kyA yaha sabake lie anivArya hai? yadi kisI vizeSa paristhiti meM loca na kiyA jA sake to kyA vaha zramaNasaMgha meM nahIM raha sakatA? kezaloca ke saMbaMdha meM prAcIna aura Adhunika paMraparA meM kyA kucha aMtara par3A hai? yadi aMtara par3A hai to vaha kyA hai? kezaloca kI sarvamAnyatA uttara- prazna mahattvapUrNa hai| samAdhAna ke lie ciMtana kI gaharAI meM utaranA hogA, prAcIna paraMparA aura zAstroM evaM graMthoM kA AloDana bhI karanA hogaa| yaha eka nAjuka savAla hai| ise yoM hI calatI bhASA meM idhara-udhara kI do cAra bAteM kaha kara nahIM hala kiyA jA sktaa| jaina zramaNa-paraMparA meM kezaloca kI vyApaka paraMparA hai| zvetAmbara, digambara, sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMtha Adi naI-purAnI sabhI zAkhAoM meM kezaloca kI sarvamAnya mAnyatA hai| dUsarI bAtoM meM kitane hI matabheda hue hoM, kitanI hI purAnI paMraparAe~ TUTI hoM aura nayI banI hoM, parantu kezaloca kI mAnyatA meM koI ullekhanIya ekAMta aMtara nahIM AyA hai| sabhI paraMparAoM meM isake lie 'hA~' hai, 'nA' nahIM hai| kezaloca kA mahattva jaina zramaNoM ke kriyAkANDoM meM kezaloca eka kaThora kriyAkANDa hai|' apane hAthoM se apane zira ke bAloM ko nauMca DAlanA, eka asAdhAraNa sAhasa kI bAta hai| yaha dehabhAva se Upara uThane kI sthiti hai| titikSA kI, kaSTa sahana kI carama prakriyA hai| eka yuga thA, jaba sAdhaka zarIra kI moha-mamatA se pare hotA thA, svayaM kaSToM ko nimaMtraNa dekara unheM sahatA thA aura apanI anAkulatA evaM dhRti kI parIkSA karatA thaa| apane kisI kAryavizeSa kI pUrti ke lie janatA se kisI 137
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ taraha ke sahayoga yA sevA kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA thaa| adhika se adhika svAzrayI rahane kI usakI bhAvanA thI / ataH vaha kezakartana kI samasyA kA hala bhI svayaM bAloM ko ukhAr3akara kara letA thaa| jaina sAdhaka ke lie kezaloca bAhya tapa hai, paraMtu vaha aMdara ke samabhAva, kaSTasahitaSNutA, dhairya, anAkulatA, ahiMsA evaM svataMtra jIvana Adi ke parIkSaNa kI eka kasauTI bhI hai, ata: vaha bAhyatapa kI dRSTi se anivArya nahIM hote hue bhI sAdhanA kA eka anivArya aMga hai, anivArya nahIM to anivArya jaisA avazya hai| jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa prAcIna kAla meM jaina zramaNoM meM do paraMparAe~ thIM - eka jinakalpa paraMparA aura dUsarI sthavirakalpa paraMparA / jinakalpI ke lie varSa ke bArahoM mahIne pratidina loca karanA, anivArya thA / pratidina zira aura ThoDI para hAtha pheranA aura jahA~ bhI kahIM koI bAla hAtha meM Aye, use jhaTa ukhAr3a denA / isakA artha hai - jinakalpoM ke zira para kabhI koI bAla raha hI nahIM pAtA thA / sthavirakalpI muni ke lie pratidina loca kA vidhAna nahIM thaa| paraMtu varSAvAsa meM - arthAt cAturmAsa meM usake lie bhI pratidina loca kA vidhAna thA / yaha ThIka hai ki dezakAla kI badalatI paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa Ajakala yaha paramparA nahIM rahI hai, Aja koI bhI sAdhu-sAdhvI cAturmAsa meM pratidina loca nahIM karatA hai| paraMtu prAcInakAla meM yaha paraMparA thI, jisakA ullekha prAcIna sAhitya meM Aja bhI upalabdha hai| nizItha bhASya ( 3173) meM likhA hai 'dhuvaloo ya jiNANaM, NiccaM therANa vAsavAsAsu / ' -uDubaddhe vAsAvAsAsu vA jiNakappiyANaM dhruvaloo-dine dine kurvantItyarthaH / therANa vi vAsAsu dhuvaloo ceva - nizItha vizeSa cUrNi / jo bhikSu yA bhikSuNI taruNa hote the, samartha evaM niroga hote the, unheM varSAkAla meM to pratidina hI loca karanA hotA thA, kintu zeSa-kAla meM, jise Agama meM Rtubaddha kAla kahA hai, cAra-cAra mahIne ke anantara loca karanA hotA thA / - yadi samarthastadA varSAsu nityaM locaM kArayet 138 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa kalpa0 subodhikA 9-57
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ - 'uDDatarUNe caumAso 7, nizItha bhASya 3213 -therakappito tarUNo uDDabaddhe cauNhaM mAsANaM loyaM karAveMti / - nizItha cUrNi / jo sAdhu-sAdhvI sthavira arthAt vRddha ho jAte the, unheM chaha mAsa ke anaMtara loca karanA hotA thaa| yadi chaha mahIne para bhI loca na kara sakate hoM to varSa meM eka bAra ASAr3ha pUrNimA ke AsapAsa to sthavira ko bhI loca karanA hI hotA thaa| sthavira jarAjarjara hone ke kAraNa asamartha hotA hai, netra zakti bhI kSINa ho jAtI hai, ata: durbalatA evaM netrarakSA ke lie sthavira ko chUTa dI gaI hai| isake lie dekhie kalpasUtra mUla aura usakI TIkA / 'chammAsie loe, saMvaccharie vA therakappe / ' 9/57 - SANmAsiko locaH, saMvaccharie vA therakappeti - sthavirANAM vRdhdAnAM jarAjarjaratvenA'sAmarthyAd dRSTirakSArthaM ca sAMvatsariko vA loca: sthavirakalpe sthitAnAmiti / loca na karane para prAyazcitta jaina paraMparA deza, kAla aura vyakti kI sthiti evaM paristhiti ko lakSya meM rakhakara agrasara hotI hai / vaha koI aMdha paraMparA nahIM hai, jo aMdhe hAthI kI taraha vivekahIna gati se daur3atI calI jAe, idhara-udhara ke acche bure kA - ucita anucita kA koI bhAna hI na rkhe| jisa prakAra anya kriyAkANDoM meM utsarga apavAda kA dhyAna rakhA gayA hai, usI prakAra prastuta loca ke saMbaMdha meM bhI sahI sthiti ko dhyAna meM rakhA hai| prAcIna graMthakAroM ne kahA hai ki yadi bhikSu yA bhikSuNI samartha haiM, niroga haiM, koI AdhivyAdhi nahIM hai, acchI taraha loca kara sakate haiM, phira bhI yadi ve loca na kareM, nAI ke dvArA ustare se zira muNDA leM, yA kaiMcI se bAla kaTavA leM, to unheM prAyazcitta AtA hai| prAyazcitta samartha ko AtA hai, asamartha ko nahIM / yadi samartha hote hue bhI ustare se muNDana karAe to laghumAsa prAyazcitta AtA hai, aura yadi kaiMcI se bAla kaTavAe to guru mAsa prAyazcitta AtA hai| prAyazcitta kyoM AtA hai, isakA spaSTIkaraNakarate hue kahA hai ki - samartha ko paraMparA kA pAlana paryuSaNa aura kezaloca 139
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ karanA caahie| ataH loca na karane para eka to paraMparA pAlana na karane kA doSa hotA hai| dUsare yUkA-jUM Adi prANiyoM kI hiMsA ho sakatI hai| nAI apane ustarA, kaiMcI aura hAtha Adi kacce sacitta jala se dhoegA to yaha pazcAtkarma doSa bhI ho sakatA hai| asamartha ke lie apavAda __aba prazna asamartha kA raha jAtA hai| prAcIna paraMparA kA jaina sAhitya isa saMbaMdha meM spaSTa hai| vaha eka hI DaMDe se sabako nahIM hA~katA hai| sAdhaka eka vyakti hai| sAdhanA kA mUla srota vyakti ke apane aMdara meM hotA hai| bAhyAcAra to kevala eka maryAdA hai, aura vaha aMtarjIvana ke paripoSaNa evaM saMvardhana ke lie hai| yadi bAhyAcAra aMdara kI mUla sAdhanA kA paripoSaNa evaM saMvarddhana karatA hai to vaha ThIka hai, anyathA usakA kucha mUlya nahIM rahatA hai| jo AcAra kisI vizeSa paristhiti ke kAraNa aMdara meM saharSa svIkRta nahIM hai, bAhara ke dabAva Adi ke kAraNa mana mAra kara kiyA jAtA hai, zArIrika sthiti inkAra karatI hai, kintu loka-lajjA Adi ikarAra ke lie jora jabardastI karate haiM, to vaha sAdhaka ke utthAna kA hetu na hokara patana kA hI hetu hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina dharma kI prajJApradhAna paramparA ne sAdhanA ke ina jaTila praznoM para apane ko bahuta satarka evaM jAgRta rakhA hai| jaina paraMparA kA Adarza ahiMsA hai, hiMsA nhiiN| asamartha vyakti para samartha vyakti ke jaise kriyAkANDa kA dabAva DAlanA, jaina dRSTi meM ahiMsA nahIM, hiMsA hai - dharma nahIM, adharma hai| ataeva jaina darzana ne utsarga aura apavAda kI eka laMbI carcA kI hai| pratyeka kriyAkAMDa ko sAdhanA tulA ke ina do palar3oM se tolA hai| jIvana kI sAmAnya sthiti utsarga hai aura vizeSa paristhiti apavAda hai| jo dharma vyakti kI sAmAnya evaM vizeSa sthiti kA viveka nahIM rakhatA, A~kha baMda kara sabako eka hI hAtha se dhakelatA rahatA hai, vaha kaisA dharmAcAra, kaisA zAsana? ataeva kezaloca ke saMbaMdha meM kahA gayA hai ki samartha ko avazya loca karanA caahie| kyoMki loca na hone para zira ke saghana keza idhara-udhara Ate-jAte varSA meM bhIMga sakate haiM, usase apkAya kI virAdhanA-hiMsA hone kI saMbhAvanA hai| pAnI ke saMsarga se maila hone ke kAraNa jUM Adi jIva paidA ho sakate haiM, aura khujalAne para unakI hiMsA ho sakatI hai, khujalone se zira meM nakhakSata bhI ho 140 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sakate haiM-Adi aadi| paraMtu yadi sAdhaka asamartha hai, loca use asahya hai, tathA zira meM koI roga hai, maMda cakSu hai-arthAt netroM kI jyoti kSINa hai, yA kSINa hone kI saMbhAvanA hai, bImAra hai - durbalatA ke kAraNa loca nahIM ho sakatA hai, athavA durbala sthiti meM loca karane para jvara Adi hone kI saMbhAvanA ho, dIkSita yadi bAlaka ho-loca karane para rone lagatA ho, to aisI sthiti meM loca nahIM karanA caahie| kyoMki balAt loca kI kriyA meM dharma bhraSTa hone kI saMbhAvanA hai| ataH prAcIna jaina darzana kA abhimata hai ki loca-jaise eka kAyakleza tapa ke lie sAdhaka ko ahiMsA, satya Adi mahAvrata rUpa maulika dharmasAdhanA se bhraSTa kara denA, koI acchI bAta nahIM hai| isalie kalpasUtra Adi prAcIna graMthoM meM kahA hai, ki yadi bhikSu loca karane meM samartha nahIM hai aura varSAvAsa kI ASAr3hI pUrNimA A jAe to kyA karanA cAhie? asamartha ko bhI yaha rAtri nahIM lAMghanI hai| varSA meM zira para keza nahIM rahane caahie| ata: glAna-bImAra yA bAlaka Adi asamartha ko ustare se zira muMDA lenA cAhie, yA kaiMcI se bAla kaTavA lene caahie| asamartha yadi aisA karatA hai to koI Apatti nahIM hai| yaha apavAda mArga hai| apavAda meM prAyazcitta bhI nahIM hotA hai| prAyazcitta 'dappiyA pratisevanA' kA hotA hai, 'kappiyA pratisevanA' kA nhiiN| isake lie nizItha bhASya, vyavahAra bhASya evaM bRhatkalpa bhASya Adi suprasiddha prAcIna AcAra graMtha dekhe jA sakate haiN| Upara kI paMktiyoM meM jo kucha likhA gayA hai, usake lie mUla pramANa isa prakAra haiM vAsAvAsaM pajjosaviyANaM no kappai niggaMthANa vA niggaMthINa vA paraM pajjosavaNAo golomappamANamitte vi kese taM rayaNiM uvaaynnaavitte| ajeNaM khuramuMDeNaM vA lukkasiraeNaM vA hoyavvaM siyA.... -kalpasUtra 9-57 -paryuSaNAtaH param-ASAr3ha cAturmAsakAdanaMtaraM golomapramANA api kezA na sthApanIyA, AstAM dIrghAH .... asamartho'pi tAM rAtriM nollaMghayet.... kezeSu hi apkAyavirAdhanA, tatsaMsargAcca yUkAH saMmUrcchanti, tata kaNDUyamAno hanti, zirasi nakhakSataM vA syAt.... yadi cAsahiSNurloce kRte jvarAdirvA syAt, kasyAcit bAlo vA rUdyAd, dharmaM vA tyajet, tato na tasya locaH, ityAha ajjeNaM khuramuMDeNaM vA... paryuSaNa aura kezaloca 141
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ yastu kSureNA'pi kArayitumasamartho vraNAdimacchirA vA tasya kezAH kartA kalpanIyAH .... / kalpasUtra subodhikA 9-57 apavAdato glAnAdinA kSuramuNDanena utsargato lucitAzirojena ityrthH| ___-kalpalatA 9-57 apavAda ke saMbaMdha meM kalpasUtra ke nirmAtA caturdazapUrvI, zrutakevalI AcAryadeva bhadrabAhu svAmI kA ullekha Upara kiyA hai| mUla pATha ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie kalpasUtra kI subodhikA aura kalpalatA nAmaka suprasiddha TIkAoM ke uddharaNa bhI die haiN| TIkAkAroM ne varSAkAla meM loca karane ke hetuoM kA, tathA loca na karane ke apavAdoM kA jo ullekha kiyA hai, vaha unakA apanA managaDhaMta nahIM hai| jaina vAGmaya ke mahattvapUrNa graMtha nizIthabhASya aura usakI vizeSa cUrNi ke AdhAra para hI TIkAoM kA ukta vivecana hai| pramANa svarUpa bhASya aura cUrNi kA pATha dekhanA ho to vaha isa prakAra hai vAsAsu lomae akajjate ime dosANisudaMte Aubadho, ullesu, ya chuppadIu mucchti| tA kaMDUya virAhe, kujjA va khaya tu aayaate|| -nizItha bhASya, 3212 AukkAe NisuDhaMte AuvirAhaNA, ullesu ya bAlesu chappayAo samucchaMti, kaMDuaMto vA chappadAdi virAheti, kaMDuaMto vA khayaM karejjA-tattha Aya-virAhaNA __-nizItha vizeSa cUrNi kattari-chura-loe vA, vitiyaM asahu gilANe yA -nizItha bhASya 3214 -vitiyapadeNaM loyaM na kaarvejjaa| asahU loyaM na tarati adhiyAseu sirorogeNa vA, maMdacakkhuNA vA loyaM asahato dhammaM chddddejjaa| gilANassa vA loo kajjati, loe vA kareMte gilANo hvejj| -vizeSa cUrNi 142 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa
Page #7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ paryuSaNa kaba aura kyoM? paryuSaNa ke samaya jo loca kiyA jAtA hai, vaha kaba karanA cAhie? yaha prazna gaharAI se vicAra karane jaisA hai| bAta yaha hai ki Ajakala jo paraMparA hai vaha aura hai, aura prAcIna kAla meM jo paramparA thI vaha kucha aura thii| manuSya vartamAna kAla meM jisa paraMparA kA pAlana karatA hai, vaha usase itanA cipaTa jAtA hai ki atIta kI paraMparA ko bhUla jAtA hai| vartamAna paraMparA ko hI anAdi kAla kI paraMparA samajhane lagatA hai| yadi koI usase bhinna kucha kahatA hai yA karatA hai, to vaha satya kI mUla sthiti ko samajhane evaM svIkAra karane se inkAra kara detA hai, aura vyartha hI lar3ane-jhagar3ane ko taiyAra ho jAtA hai| loca kaba karanA cAhie, isase pahale yaha samajha lenA Avazyaka hai ki paryuSaNa kaba karanA cAhie? paryuSaNa ke kAla para hI paryuSaNa saMbaMdhI loca kA kAla AdhArita hai| Ajakala kI mAnyatA ke anusAra ASAr3ha pUrNimA se eka mAsa bIsa rAtri bIta jAne para bhAdavA sudI paMcamI ko puryaSaNa (saMvatsarI) kiyA jAtA hai| paraMtu yaha apavAda hai, utsarga nhiiN| prAcIna kAla meM paryuSaNa ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko hotA thaa| paryuSaNa kA mUla artha varSAvAsa hai| varSAvAsa kA artha hai-varSA meM AvAsa karanA, eka sthAna para rhnaa| nizItha bhASya meM pajjosavaNA ke jo ATha paryAyavAcaka nAma die haiM, unameM eka 'varSAvAsa' paryAya bhI hai| samavAyAMga sUtra ke 70 veM samavAya meM bhI paryuSaNa ke lie 'vAsAvAsaM pajjosavei' pATha hai| isa para se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki paryuSaNa varSAvAsa hai| maMgasira badI pratipadA ke dina se ATha mAsa vihAra caryA meM bhramaNa karane ke bAda cAra mahIne taka varSAvAsa ke lie, jainabhikSu, ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko eka sthAna para Thahara jAtA hai| varSAkAla meM prAyaH niraMtara ghaTAe~ chAryAM rahatI haiM, jaba taba pAnI barasatA rahatA hai, idhara-udhara Ane-jAne ke patha kharAba ho jAte haiM, patha meM nadI aura nAle umar3a par3ate haiM, haritakAya maidAnoM aura mArgoM meM phaila jAtA hai, jIvajaMtu bahuta paidA ho jAte haiM, ataH para-virAdhanA evaM Atma-virAdhanA se bacane ke lie varSAkAla meM bhikSu ke lie ekatra vAsa kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| varSA yadi jaldI zurU ho jAe to pahale bhI Akara Thahara sakatA hai, ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko to Thahara hI jAnA caahie| yaha paryuSaNa kA utsarga niyama hai| paryuSaNa arthAt saMvatsarI parva vArSika pratikramaNa kA dina hai| varSa kA paryuSaNa parva aura kezaloca 143
Page #8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ artha hI hai, vrssaa| ataH paryuSaNa ASAr3ha pUrNimA kA zAstra sammata hai| jaina paraMparA ke jaMbUdvIpa prajJapti Adi graMthoM ke anusAra ASAr3ha pUrNimA varSa kA aMtima dina hai aura zrAvaNa vadI pratipadA naye varSa kA prathama dina hai| bhAdavA sudI paMcamI ko kisa zAstra ke anusAra kauna-sA varSa pUrA hotA hai? koI nhiiN| dina pUrA hone taka daivasika, rAtri pUrI hone para rAtrika, pakSa pUrA hone para pAkSika, cAra mAsa pUre hone para kArtika pUrNimA Adi ko cAturmAsika pratikramaNa kiyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra saMvatsara arthAt varSa pUrA hone para saMvatsarI pratikramaNa kiyA jAtA hai| aura jaina paraMparA ke anusAra varSa pUrA hotA hai-ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko| ataH yahI dina paryuSaNa kA, saMvatsarI kA tathA saMvatsarI-pratikramaNa kA hai| nizItha bhASya (3216-17) kI cUrNi karate hue AcArya jinadAsa gaNI ne spaSTa kahA hai ki paryuSaNa parva meM vArSika AlocanA honI caahie| usa samaya kiyA jAnevAlA aSTama (telA) tapa, upavAsa kI akSamatA, roga tathA sevA Adi se saMbaMdhita apavAda sthiti ko chor3akara utsargataH avazya evaM anivArya kartavya hai| yaha varSAkAla ke prAraMbha meM maMgala rUpa hotA hai| ukta bhASya (3208) kI hI cUrNi meM anyatra likhA hai ki 'varisaMte uvavAso kAyavvo'-arthAt varSa ke aMta meM avazya upavAsa karanA caahie| nizItha bhASya (3153) meM zabdazaH ullekha hai-'AsAr3hI puunnnnimosvnnaa|' ukta bhASya kI cUrNi meM likhA hai-ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko paryuSaNa karanA, utsarga siddhAMta hai-'AsAr3hapuNNimAe pajjosaveti, esa ussggo'| ityAdi pramANoM se spaSTa pramANita ho jAtA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM paryuSaNa ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko hI kiyA jAtA thaa| aba prazna hai ki kalpasUtra aura samavAyAMga meM savIsairAe mAse vaikate vAsAvAsaM pajjosavei' jo pATha hai, vaha kyA hai? vaha pATha to kahatA hai ki ASAr3ha pUrNimA se eka mahInA aura bIsa rAtri bItane para paryuSaNa karanA cAhie, jaisA ki Ajakala kiyA jAtA hai| ukta zaMkA ke samAdhAna meM kahanA hai ki yaha ullekha apavAda sthiti kA hai| ASAr3ha pUrNimA ke dina yadi cAturmAsa ke lie makAna ThIka taraha kA mila jAe, jo Upara se chAyA huA ho, lipA huA ho, TapakatA na ho, jala nikAlane ke lie nAlI Adi kI vyavasthA ThIka ho| gRhastha ne pahale se hI apane lie makAna ko varSAkAla meM rahane ke yogya taiyAra kara rakhA ho, to bhikSu usI dina apanA varSAvAsa ghoSita kara de ki maiM yahA~ cAra mahIne 144 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa
Page #9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ rahU~gA, varSAkAla vyatIta kruuNgaa| yadi usa dina aisA makAna na mile, to varSAvAsa kI ghoSaNA na kare, kyoMki phira gRhastha socegA ki sAdhu jI yahA~ raha gae haiM, ataH isa makAna ko ThIka-ThAka kara leN| gRhastha sAdhu ke nimitta makAna kI lipAI-putAI Adi kA AraMbha karegA, to vaha sAdhu ke lie auddezika hogA, phalataH sAdhu ko doSa lgegaa| isalie paryuSaNa kI, arthAt varSAvAsa kI ghoSaNA na kare, aura isa bIca usI kSetra meM yA AsapAsa ke anya kSetra meM kisI acche vyavasthita makAna kI talAza meM rhe| yadi isa bIca makAna mila jAe to zrAvaNa vadI paMcamI ko, phira zrAvaNa vadI dazamI ko, phira pA~ca dina bAda amAvasyA ko paryuSaNa kre| taba bhI yadi na mile, to phira pA~ca-pA~ca dina kI vRddhi karate hue aMta meM pacAsa dina ke bAda bhAdavA sudI paMcamI ko to avazya hI paryuSaNa kara lenA caahie| makAna na mile to vRkSa ke nIce hI zeSa varSAvAsa bitA denA cAhie, kyoMki taba varSA kama ho jAtI hai, ataH vRkSa ke nIce bhI acchI taraha rahA jA sakatA hai| ___ kalpasUtra meM ullikhita eka mahInA bIsa rAtri vAle paryuSaNa saMbaMdhI apavAda kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kalpasUtra ke hI samAcArI prakaraNa ke nimnokta pATha meM likhA hai, jisakA ki maiMne Upara kI paMktiyoM meM varNana kiyA hai: 'jaoNaM pAeNaM agAriNaM agarAyaM kaDiyAI ukaMpiyAI, channAI, littAI, guttAI, ghuTTAiM, maTThAI, saMpadhUmiyAI, khAodagAI, khAyaniddhamaNAI, appaNo aTThAe kaDAiM, paribhuttAiM pariNAmiyAiM bhavanti, se teNDeNaM evaM vuccai....' -kalpasUtra 9 1 2 nizItha sUtra kI prAcIna vizeSa cUrNi (315) meM yahI spaSTa zabdoM meM batAyA gayA hai| - sesakAlaM pajjosarvetANaM avvaato| avavAte vi savIsati rAtimAsAto pareNa atikkameuM Na vttttti| savIsatirAtimAse puNNe jati vAsakhettaM Na labbhati, to rukkhaheTThA vi pjjosveyvvN| taM ca puNNimAe paMcamIe dasamIe evamAdipavvesu pajjosaveyavvaM, No apvvesu| arthAt ASAr3ha pUrNimA ke atirikta zeSakAla meM paryuSaNa karanA, apavAda hai| aura yaha apavAda bhI eka mahInA aura bIsa rAtri ke kAla ko atikramaNa paryuSaNa aura kezaloca 145
Page #10
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ karane vAlA na honA cAhie / isa kAla sImA ke bAda to yadi yogya vAsakSetra na bhI mile, taba bhI vRkSa ke nIce hI paryuSaNa kara lenA cAhie / AcArya abhayadeva ne sthAnAMga sUtra kI apanI TIkA meM bhI paryuSaNa kA yahI bhAva sUcita kiyA hai| paryuSaNa varSakalpa hai, usameM Rtubaddha arthAt zeSakAla se sambandhita dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI maryAdAoM kA parityAga kara varSA yogya maryAdAoM ko apanAnA caahie| yadi koI viziSTa kAraNa ho to varSAvAsa kA utkRSTa kAla chaha mahIne kA ho sakatA hai, aura apavAda kI sthiti meM varSAvAsa kA jaghanya kAla bhAdavA sudI chaTha se lekara kArtika pUrNimA taka 70 dina kA hotA hai| saMkSepa meM ukta bhAvanA nIce ke TIkA-pATha meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| "paryAyA RtubaddhikA dravya-kSetra - kAla-bhAva- sambandhita utsRjyante ujyante yasyAM sA niruktavidhinA paryosavanA / " " athavA pariH sarvathA ekakSetre jaghanyataH saptati vinAni, utkRSTataH SaNmAsAn vasanaM, niruktAdeva paryuSaNA / tasyAH kalpa AcAro maryAdetyarthaH / " - sthAnAMga TIkA, dazamasthAna samavAyAMga sUtra meM paryuSaNa se sambandhita jo pATha hai, vaha 70 veM samavAya meM hai 50 veM meM nhiiN| usa pATha meM kahA hai ki varSAvAsa ke eka mahInA aura bIsa rAtri bItane para, tathA 70 dina zeSa rahane para paryuSaNa karanA cAhie, varSAvAsa meM sthita rahanA cAhie / samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre vAsANaM savIsairAe mAse vaDakute sattariehiM rAidiehiM sesehi vAsAvAsaM pajjosave / - samavAyAMga 70 samavAya samavAyAMga sUtra kA ukta sUtra apavAda sUtra hai / pUrvArdha kA eka mahInA vIsa rAtri vAlA aMza mukhya nahIM hai, agalA sattara dina zeSa rahane kA aMza hI mukhya hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki yaha sUtra 50 veM samavAya meM na dekara 70 veM samavAya meM diyA hai| isakA artha hai ki vizeSa paristhiti meM, apavAda meM varSAvAsa arthAt cAturmAsa kA kama-se-kama jaghanya kAla 70 dina kA hai| isI bhAva ko AcArya abhayadeva ne samavAyAMga kI TIkA meM " paJcAzati prAktaneSu divaseSu tathAvidha-vasatyabhAvAdikAraNe sthAnAntaramapyAzrayati, bhAdrapada zukla pacamyAM tu 146 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa
Page #11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ vRkSamUlAdAvapi nivasatIti hRdym|" Adi ke dvArA spaSTa kiyA hai aura sthAnAMga kI TIkA meM 'ekakSetre jaghanyataH saptatidinAni.....vasanaM' ke dvArA jaghanya varSAvAsa 70 dina kA batAkara apavAda sthiti kA ullekha kiyA hai| sthAnAMga sUtra ke gujarAthI tathA hindI TabboM meM bhI yahI varNana hai| maiM yahA~ adhika vistAra meM nahIM jAnA caahtaa| itane para se hI vicArazIla pAThaka samajha sakate hai ki paryuSaNa kI vAstavika sthiti kyA hai? vaha kaba karanA cAhie aura kyoM karanA cAhie? samAnyataH vaha ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko honA caahie| yaha utsarga hai| yadi varSA meM rahane ke yogya ucita kSetra va makAna Adi kI vyavasthA na ho, jaisA ki pahale spaSTIkaraNa kara Ae haiM, taba pA~ca-pA~ca dina kI vRddhi karate hue anta meM eka mahInA bIsa rAtri ke bAda paryuSaNa karanA, varSAvAsa kI nizcita sthApanA karanA, Avazyaka hai| yaha apavAda hai| pAThaka dekha sakate haiM, yaha prAcIna paramparA kucha samaya se kisa prakAra ulaTa gaI hai| Aja apavAda utsarga ho gayA hai| ASAr3ha pUrNimA ke dina paryuSaNa kI bAta caukA dene vAlI hai| jisane kabhI prAcIna sAhitya kA taTastha adhyayana nahIM kiyA hai vaha to yaha saba par3hakara baukhalA hI jAegA, kyoMki use yaha patA nahIM ki hama pahale kyA karate the? aura usa zuddha paramparA ko chor3akara aba kyA kara rahe haiM? yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja jaba kabhI cAturmAsa meM zrAvaNa yA bhAdave kA mahInA baDhatA hai, to saMgha meM tUphAna A jAtA hai| apanI-apanI paramparA kI pracalita mAnyatAoM ko lekara eka betukA zora macane lagatA hai aura apane ko zAstra maryAdA ke anukUla tathA dUsaroM ko usake pratikUla batAne kI hor3a laga jAtI hai| bahutoM kA to dharma hI khatare meM par3a jAtA hai| saMgha saMgaThana kI dRSTi se yadi koI eka mAnyatA prastAvita ho jAtI hai to use bhI tor3ane ko taiyAra ho jAte haiM, aura isake lie kahate haiM ki yadi hamane apanI purAnI zAstrIya paramparA ke anusAra puryaSaNa nahIM kiyA to hama bhagavAna kI AjJA ke virAdhaka ho jAe~ge, hameM prAyazcitta kA bhAgI honA pdd'egaa| maiM una saba mahAnubhAvoM ke samakSa eka namra nivedana karanA cAhatA hU~ ki Apa bhUla meM haiN| yadi Apa badalatI huI nayI paramparAoM ko mAnane ke lie taiyAra nahIM haiM, kevala prAcIna paramparAoM ke hI pakSadhara haiM, to prAcIna paraMparA Apa sabake lie guru cAturmAsika prAyazcitta kA vidhAna karatI hai| bAta jarA kar3avI hai, para satya ke lie siddhAnta kI mUla sthiti ko to spaSTa karanA hI hogaa| paryuSaNa aura kezaloca 147
Page #12
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ nizItha sUtra meM kahA hai ki jo bhikSu aparyuSaNA meM paryuSaNA svayaM karatA hai, dUsaroM se karavAtA hai, athavA anumodana karatA hai use guru cAturmAsika prAyazcitta AtA hai| isI prakAra jo paryuSaNa ke vihita kAla meM paryuSaNA svayaM nahIM karatA hai, na dUsaroM se karavAtA hai, aura paryuSaNa na karane vAloM kA anumodana karatA hai, use guru cAturmAsika prAyazcitta AtA hai| mUla-pATha isa prakAra hai:je bhikkhU apajjosavaNAe~ pajjosaveti, pajjosaveMtaM vA saatijjti| -10 1 42 je bhikkhU pajjosavaNAe Na pajjosavei, Na pajjosarvetaM vA saatijjti| ___-10 | 43 paryuSaNa kA utsarga kAla ASAr3ha pUrNimA hai| varSAvAsa ke yogya zuddha kSetra evaM makAna Adi mila jAe to ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko hI paryuSaNa karanA caahie| yadi kabhI aisA yogya kSetra evaM makAna Adi na mile to antatogatvA apavAda sthiti meM nau mahIne bIsa rAtri kA vihArakAla pUrNa karake bhAdavA sudI paMcamI ko to paryuSaNa kara hI lenA caahie|' isa se Age nahIM jAnA caahie| kalpa sUtra ke samAcArI prakaraNa meM isI lie kahA hai antarA vi ya se kappai, no se kappai taM rayaNiM uvAiNAvittae- 9 / 8 aba prazna yaha hai ki jaba Ajakala AraMbha meM ASAr3ha pUrNimA ke dina hI siddhAntAnusAra cAturmAsa ke yogya kSetra mila jAte haiM, upAzraya Adi ke rUpa meM makAna bhI pakke, sApha-suthare vyavasthita prApta ho jAte haiM, anya bhI koI kAraNa nahIM hotA ki jisake lie apavAda kA sevana kiyA jAe, to vyartha hI apavAda sevana kA doSAcaraNa kyoM kiyA jAtA hai? kAraNavaza apavAda kA sevana karanA par3e, to prAyazcitta nahIM hotaa| parantu yadi koI binA kAraNa apavAda kA sevana karatA hai to vaha prAyazcita kA bhAgI hotA hai| ukta vivecana para se spaSTa hai ki Ajakala sUtrokta prAcIna paraMparA ke anusAra ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko paryuSaNa na karake bhAdavA sudI paMcamI ko jo paryuSaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha na utsarga hai, aura na apavAda hai| sAdhanA ke do hI mArga haiM-utsarga aura apvaad| do ke atirikta jo bhI mArga haiM, vaha mArga nahIM; unmArga hai| patha nahIM, kupatha hai| ataH utsarga aura ___148 prajA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya paSpa
Page #13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ apavAda donoM mArgoM se dUra zAstra evaM paraMparA se niSiddha amArga para jAne vAle spaSTa hI prAyazcitta ke bhAgI haiN| kyA maiM AzA karU~ ki prAcIna paraMparA ke pakSadhara apanI vartamAna azAstrIya paraMparA kA moha tyAga kara ASAr3ha pUrNimA ke paryuSaNa parva kA saiddhAntika pakSa apnaaeNge| paryuSaNa para loca kaba aura kyoM? paryuSaNa parva se sambandhita loca kaba karanA cAhie aura kyoM? ukta prazna para hama prAraMbha meM hI vistAra se carcA kara Ae haiN| yahA saMkSepa meM yaha kahanA hai ki jaba paryuSaNa ho, tabhI paryuSaNa se sambandhita keza loca bhI karanA caahie| paryuSaNa utsarga se ASAr3ha pUrNimA kA zAstra evaM prAcIna paraMparA se siddha hai, ataH kezaloca bhI ASAr3ha pUrNimA ke varSAnta pratikramaNa se pahale hI karanA siddha hai| kalpasUtra ke mUla pATha kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue subodhikA meM sApha likhA hai ki paryuSaNa se arthAt ASADha cAturmAsI ke anantara bhikSu ko laMbe keza to kyA, goloma pramANa choTe keza bhI nahIM rakhane caahie| hetu vahI apkAya kI virAdha nA kA hai, jvara Adi kI utpatti kA hai, zira khujalAte samaya yUkA Adi kI hiMsA evaM apane nakhakSata Adi ho jAne kI saMbhAvanA hai| paryuSaNAtaH paramASAr3hacaturmAsakAdanantaraM golomapramANA api kezA na sthaapniiyaaH| -kalpasUtra subodhikA 9 1 57 apakAya virAdhanA Adi kA TIkA pATha pahale likhA jA cukA hai| nizItha sUtra kI vizeSa cUrNi meM bhI kezaloca kI hetukatA ke lie apkAya virAdhanA Adi kA hI ullekha hai-AukkAiyavirAhaNAbhayA saMsajjaNabhayA ya vAsAsu dhuvaloo kjjti-3173| varSA ke kAraNa laMbe kezoM ke bhIga jAne para apkAya Adi kI virAdhanA hotI hai, ata: varSAvAsa meM-caumAsa meM bhikSaoM ko pratidina loca karanA caahie| yadi rogAdi kAraNavaza loca na ho sake to apavAda meM kSuramuMDana tathA kartarI muMDana karAnA caahie| kSuramuMDana karAe to mahIne-mahIne ke anantara karAnA cAhie, aura, yadi kartarI muMDana karAe to ardhamAsa arthAt paMdaraha-paMdaraha dina ke antara se karAte rahanA caahie| isake lie kalpa-sUtra kA mUla pATha dRSTavya hai-mAsie khuramuMDe, addhamAsie kttriimuNdde-9157| AcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI ne loca na karane para apavAda meM jo kSuramuMDana Adi kA vidhAna kiyA hai, paryuSaNa aura kezaloca 149
Page #14
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ vaha spaSTa sUcanA detA hai ki keza loca ASAr3ha pUrNimA ke dina se hI pratidina prAraMbha kara denA caahie| yadi azakta bhikSu loca na kara sake to use kSuramuMDana Adi hI karA lenA caahie| apavAda sthiti ko chor3akara ASAr3ha pUrNimA ke pratikramaNa se pahale zira para bAla, kisI bhI hAlata meM nahIM rahane caahie| yadi koI rakhatA hai to vaha nizItha sUtra ke anusAra guru cAturmAsika prAyazcitta kA bhAgI hotA hai| vartamAna paraMparA uparyukta prAcIna paraMparA ke sarvathA viparIta hai| aba to varSA ke bhare pUre mahIne (zrAvaNa aura bhAdavA) zira para saghana bAloM ko rakhe hue hI bIta jAte haiM, varSA kA pAnI bAloM meM par3atA rahatA hai aura apkAya Adi kI virAdhanA cAlU rahatI hai, aura ukta doSoM ke kAraNa nizItha sUtrAnusAra prAyazcitta kA prasaMga upasthita rahatA hai aura jaba varSA kA mausama samApta hone ko hotA hai, taba loca kiyA jAtA hai| kitanI bar3I asaMgati hai isameM ! vartamAna paraMparA to paryuSaNa sambandhI loca ke mUla uddezya evaM AdhAra ko hI samApta kara detI hai| jaba prAcIna granthoM kI paraMparA ke anusAra loca kA hetu hI nahIM rahA, taba asamaya meM loca karane kA kyA artha raha jAtA hai? dezakAlAnusAra badalatI huI choTI-moTI nagaNya bAtoM ke virodha meM zAstra tathA prAcIna paraMparA ke nAma para kSubdha hone vAle hamAre paramparA bhIru munirAjoM ko cAhie ki ve pakSAtIta hRdaya se uparyukta zAstravihita prAcIna paraMparA ko apanAe~, aura apanI cirAgata bhUla kA zAstramaryAdA ke prakAza meM ucita saMzodhana kreN| loca na karane para kyA sAdhutA nahIM rahatI? sAdhanA ke do rUpa haiM-eka nizcaya aura dUsarA vyvhaar| nizcaya antar kI sthiti hai aura vaha vItarAgatA aura smbhaav| mUla sAdhana yahI hai| vyavahAra bAhara ke niyamopaniyama haiM, saMghIya vyavasthAe~ haiN| nizcaya nahIM badalatA, vyavahAra badalatA rahatA hai| vyavahAra kA AdhAra deza hai, kAla hai, vyakti hai aura vyakti kI paristhiti hai| deza, kAla Adi zAzvata nahIM haiM, badalate rahate haiN| aura jaba ye badalate haiM, to inake AdhAra para gaThita vyavahAra bhI badala jAtA hai| loca nizcaya nahIM, vyavahAra hai| yaha amuka sthitiyoM meM kI gaI saMghIya vyavasthA bahuta prAcIna hai| sabake lie paripAlana karane yogya hai| parantu kisI sAdhaka kI zArIrika sthiti anukUla nahIM hai, vaha loca yA kSuramuMDana Adi karAne kI bhI sthiti meM ___150 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa
Page #15
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ nahIM hai, yA anya koI viziSTa kAraNa hai, to loca nahIM bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| ukta apavAda kI sthiti meM antaraMga kI sAdhutA, jo vItarAga bhAvanA para AdhArita hai, naSTa nahIM ho jaatii| yaha nahIM ki loca na karane para sAdhu apane chaThe guNa sthAna Adi kI sAdhutva-bhUmikA se nIce gira jaae| muni dIkSA se pahale loca karanA Avazyaka hai pracalita saMghIya vyavasthA meN| parantu bharata cakravartI aura mAtA marudevI Adi jaba guNasthAnoM kI vikAsa bhUmikA para agrasara hue to unheM binA loca kie hI sAdhutva kI bhUmikA prApta huI aura kevalajJAna bhI prApta huaa| bAhubalI eka varSa taka dhyAna meM khar3e rahe, unhoMne paryuSaNa kAla meM yA anya kAla meM kahA~ loca kiyA? bhagavAna mahAvIra Adi jaba dhyAnamudrA meM hote the, to kahA~ loca karate the? sthUlabhadra ke yuga meM siMha guphAvAsI Adi muni, jo varSAvAsa dhyAnAvasthita rahe, unhoMne kaba loca kiyA? bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne jaba dIkSA lI to paMcamuSTi loca kI jagaha caturmuSTiH loca kiyA aura mastaka para eka khAsI acchI lambI zikhA rahane dii| yaha kaise huA? yadi loca kA rUpa aikAntika ekarUpatA kA hI hotA to bhagavAn aisA nahIM kara sakate the| kalpasUtra meM vaha ullekha Aja bhI upalabdha hai-'sayameva caumuTThiyaM loyaM karei-9 RSabha critraadhikaar| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne paMcamuSTi ke rUpa meM pUrNa keza loca kiyA hai, jabaki bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne pUrNa keza loca nahIM kiyaa| yaha bheda spaSTa batAtA hai ki loca kA sambandha jitanA badalatI huI saMghIya vyavasthA se hai, utanA AdhyAtmika sanAtana sAdhanA se nhiiN| ataH paristhiti vizeSa meM yadi koI loca nahIM kara sakatA hai to isa kA yaha artha nahIM ki vaha sAdhutva bhAva se bhraSTa ho jAtA hai| jo darzana gRhastha jIvana meM bhI bhAvavizuddhi kA prakarSa hote hI kaivalya evaM nirvANa hone kI sthApanA karatA hai, bandhana mukta hone kI bAta kahatA hai, vaha yaha kaise kaha sakatA hai ki loca ke binA dharma nahIM ho sakatA, Atmavizuddhi nahIM ho sktii| sAdhutva nahIM raha sktaa| jainadharma meM bhAva mahAn hai, dravya nahIM, aMtaraMga mahAn hai, bahiraMga nhiiN| saMgha paraMparA kI dRSTi se loca kA mahattva hai| yadi koI viziSTa kAraNa na ho to vaha samaya para avazya karaNIya hai| kaba aura kisa sthiti meM karaNIya hai, aura kyoM karaNIya hai? kaba aura kisa paristhiti meM akaraNIya hai? isa para prastuta lekha meM taTastha dRSTi se vicAra carcA upasthita kI gaI hai| AzA hai, sudhI jana isa para anAgraha bhAva se mukta cintana paryuSaNa aura kezaloca 151
Page #16
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ karane kI dizA meM agrasara hoMge tathA purAnI aura nayI paramparA kI vibhedarekhA kA spaSTa vizleSaNa kreNge| saMdarbha :1. kesaloo ya dArUNo -uttarAdhyayana 19/33 2. tarUNAnAM cAturmAsika iti -kalpasUtra-subodhikA 9/57 3. saMvaccharo varSArAtraH -samaya suMdarIya kalpalatA 4. (ka) jatti uDDabaddhe vAsAsu vA khureNa kAraveMti to-mAsalahu~, kattIe maasguruuN| ANAdiyANa dosA, chappatigANa virAhaNA, pacchakammadosA y| -nizItha vizeSa cUrNi-gA. 3213 5. pajjosavaNA ya vAsavAso ya -ni. bhA. 3139 6. pavvesu tava kareMtassa imo guNo bhavati.... uttaraguNakaraNaM kataM bhavati, egaggayA ya katA bhavati, pajjosavaNAsu varisiyA AloyaNA dAyavvA, varisAkAlassa ya AdIe maMgalaM kataM bhvti| saDDhANa ya dhammakahA kaayvvaa| pajjosavaNAe jai aTThama Na karei to caugurUM...... vitiyaM avavAdeNa Na karejjapi - upavAsassa asahU Na karejja, gilANo vA na karejjA, gilANapaDicaraNo vA, so upavAsaM veyAccaM ca do vikAuM asamattho evamAdiehiM kAraNehiM pajjosavaNAe AhArato suddho| 7. vAsAkhettAlaMbhe -nizItha bhASya 3146 AsAr3he suddha vAsAsavAsapAuggaM khettaM maggatehiM Na laddhaM tAva jAva AsAr3ha caummAsAto parato savIsatirAte mAse atikUte laddhaM tAhe bhaddavayA joNhassa paMcamIe pajjosavaMti evaM NavamAsA savIsatirAtA viharaNakAlo diTTho ___ -vizeSa cUrNi 8. jebhikkhU pajjosavaNAe golomAipi bAlAI uvAiNAvei, uvAiNAveMta vA saatijjti| -nizItha sUtra 10 1 44 9. bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne apane hAthoM caturmuSTi loca kiyaa| yahA~ caturmuSTi se abhiprAya yaha hai ki zira ke pAMca bhAga haiM, cAra to Age-pIche agala-bagala Adi cAroM dizAoM meM aura eka bIca meN| bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne cAroM ora se to loca kara liyA, kintu bIca ke bhAga kA loca nahIM kiyA, zikhA rahane dii| ___152 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa