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________________ paryAvaraNa-cetanA AcArAMga sUtra - sureMdra bAtharA kisI eka jIvana athavA jIva samUha athavA pariveza ko sameTe rakhane vAlI sabhI bhautika vastuoM aura paristhiti kA vaha jAla jo aMtataH usake rUpa tathA astitva ko nirdhArita karatA hai, paryAvaraNa kahalAtA hai| isa paryAvaraNa ko hAni na pahuMce isa bAta ke prati jAgarUkatA ahiMsaka jIvanazailI meM aMtarnihita hai| ahiMsaka AcAra saMhitA meM vyakti aura samAja ko prAkRtika paryAvaraNa ko hAni pahuMcAne kA niSedha mAtra hI nahIM, samAnatA aura maitrI kI bhAvanA ke mAdhyama se bigaDe paryAvaraNa-saMtulana ko punarsthApita karane kA upAya bhI nihita hai| duniyA ke jisa bhI dharma aura jIvanazailI ne ahiMsA ko jahA~ jitanA sthAna diyA hai, vaha utanA hI paryAvaraNa ke saraMkSaNa ke nikaTa gayA hai, yaha aisA pratyakSa yathArtha hai jise sAkSya kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| saMsAra ke sabhI dharma-darzanoM meM do aise haiM jinameM ahiMsA kI sarvAdhika carcA huI hai, balki yaha kahanA adhika upayukta hogA ki unakA AdhAra hI ahiMsA hai, ve haiM jaina darzana aura bauddha darzana / inameM bhI ahiMsA para AdhArita jIvanazailI vikasita karane aura use sthApita karane kA vyApaka aura takrasaMgata kArya jaina dharma ne kiyA hai| mahAvIra ke prathama aura AdhArabhUta upadeza ke rUpa meM mAnya zAstra hai AcArAMga suutr| hama usI meM upalabdha, paryAvaraNa kA nAma lie binA hI usake prati jAgarUkatA, aura usase prerita paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa ke biMduoM ko dekheM to ahiMsA aura paryAvaraNa kA ghaniSTha saMbaMdha spaSTa ho jaaegaa| AcArAMga kA AraMbha jIvana kI gati kI dizA ke prati jAgarUkatA se hotA hai| isa gati kI pracalita paribhASA jur3I hai punarjanma se| para use sAmAnya jIvana kI bhautika tathA vyAvahArika gati ke saMdarbha meM dekheM to pAte haiM ki kisI bhI padArtha athavA jIvana kI gati kI dizA paryAvaraNa kI surakSA aura vinAza ke lie bahuta mahattvapUrNa hotI hai| paryAvaraNa meM asaMkhya jIvoM, padArthoM aura zaktiyoM kA eka jaTila aura jIvaMta saMtulana sadaiva vidyamAna rahatA hai| inameM se kisI eka praNAlI ke asaMkhya ghaTakoM meM se eka kI svAbhAvika yA naisargika dizA meM parivartana ho to usa sAre saMtulana para prabhAva par3atA hai| aisI sthiti meM manuSya, jo apane vicAroM ko kAryarUpa dene kI anokhI kSamatA rakhatA hai, yadi apanI tathA apane AsapAsa kI vastuoM kI sahaja-svAbhAvika gati kI dizA se anabhijJa ho to usakA AcaraNa svayaM usake lie hI nahIM, prakRti meM rahe saMtulana ke lie bhI ghAtaka ho sakatA hai| gati va dizA ke jJAna yA usake abhAva se jIvana aura kriyAeM prabhAvita hotI haiN| yaha sthApita karane ke bAda AcArAMga meM na karane yogya kriyAoM kI bAta kI hai| kyoMki una kriyAoM kA pariNAma vyathA hai, vedanA hai, pIr3A hai, dukha hai aura hanana hai, ataH una kriyAoM ko hiMsA kI saMjJA dekara tyAjya batAyA hai| saba prANI, bhUta, jIva aura sattvoM ke lie aparinirvANa (azAMti) apriya, mahAbhayaMkara aura duHkharUpa hai, aisA maiM kahatA hU~ (1/6/122) / saba AtmAeM samAna haiM yaha jAnakara puruSa samUce jIva-loka kI hiMsA se uparata ho jAe (3/1/3) / yaha hiMsA samasta jIva jagata ko prabhAvita karatI hai aura jaina avadhAraNA meM yaha jIva-jagata atyaMta vyApaka hai| isa jIva
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________________ jagata ke sthUla yA sUkSma, kisI bhI aMga ke prati hiMsA para yathAzakti saMyama rakhane kI bhAvanA para AdhArita hai ahiMsaka AcaraNa / mahAvIra ne mAnava itihAsa meM sarvaprathama dRSTa jagata se pare sUkSma jIvana kI avadhAraNA ko sazakta va takrasaMgata rUpa se prastuta kiyA hai| mahAvIra kA SaDjIva nikAya kA yaha siddhAMta AcArAMga ke isI prathama adhyayana meM upalabdha hai| unhoMne pRthvI, jala, vAyu aura agni tattvoM para AdhArita aura poSita sUkSma jIvoM ke caitanya aura unake prANoM kI vedanA ko mAnavIya anubhUti ke AdhAra para mArmika zabdoM meM paribhASita aura sthApita kiyA hai| maiM kahatA hU~ -- pRthvIkAyika jIva janmanA iMdriyavikalaaMdha, badhira, mUka, paMgu aura avayavahIna manuSya kI bhAMti avyakta cetanA vAle hote haiM / zastra se bhedana - chedana karane para jaise janmanA iMdriyavikala aMdhe manuSya ko kaSTAnubhUti hotI hai, vaise hI pRthvIkAyika jIvoM ko hotI hai (1/2 / 280 ) | manuSya ko / mUrcchita karane yA usakA prANa viniyojana karane para use kaSTAnubhUti hotI hai, vaise hI pRthvIkAyika jIva ko hotI hai| (1/2/30) isa prakAra sarvaprathama pRthvIkAyika jIvoM ke prati hone vAlI hiMsA kA varNana karake hiMsA ke kSetra ke vistAra meM AcArAMga meM paryAvaraNa ke samasta ghaTakoM ko sameTa liyA gayA hai| isI krama meM jalakAya vAyukAya aura agnikAya ke jIvoM kI bAta kI hai| jIvoM ke isa sUkSma jagat meM hone vAlI kriyAeM hameM prabhAvita karatI haiM tathA hamase prabhAvita hotI haiN| aisI sthiti meM hamArI vaha pratyeka kriyA jo usa sUkSma jagat ko hAni pahuMcAtI hai hiMsA hai aura tyAjya hai| pRthvI, vAyu, jala tathA agni ke bAda vanaspati kI rakSA kA ullekha hai| vana saMrakSaNa kI ora jAgarUkatA aura saMvedanazIlatA ke lie mAnava zarIra se vanaspati kI tulanA puSTa pramANa ke rUpa meM prastuta kI hai - manuSya zarIra aura vanaspati donoM janmate haiM, bar3hate haiM, caitanyayukta haiM, chinna hone para mlAna hote haiM, AhAra karate haiM, anitya haiM, azAzvata haiM, upacita aura apacita hote haiM, aura vividha avasthAoM ko prApta hote haiN| isake bAda manuSya sahita dRSTa jagat ke sabhI gatimAna jIvoM kI rakSA kA ullekha hai jinheM AcArAMga meM trasakAya kahA hai| -- hiMsA kI pAraMparika paribhASA se kahIM vistRta aura vyApaka hai AcArAMga meM hiMsA kI yaha avadhAraNA / pratyeka prANI ko sukha iSTa hai, yaha dekhakara aura jAnakara tuma hiMsA se virata hoo ( 1/6/121) | yaha ahiMsA - dharma zuddha, nitya aura zAzvata hai| AtmajJa arhatoM ne loka ko jAnakara isakA pratipAdana kiyA (4/1/2) / I jina sabhI tattvoM para prANimAtra kA jIvana AdhArita hai, unheM bhI jIva kI saMjJA dene kI bAta meM prakRti ke prati manuSya ke eka bahuta bar3e uttaradAyitva kI bAta nihita hai / hiMsA kevala dRSTa jIvana ko naSTa karane meM nahIM hai| AcArAMga meM paribhASita hiMsA meM dRSTa jIvana kI sudUra bhaviSya meM vikasita hone kI saMbhAvanA mAtra ko naSTa karanA bhI sammilita hai| paryAvaraNa-saMrakSaNa ke prati saiddhAMtika tathA vyAvahArika donoM pakSoM kI vistRta carcA kI hai AcArAMga meM / hiMsA ke mAdhyama ke rUpa meM AcArAMga meM zastra kA ullekha hai| zastra dvArA ghAta kara hAni pahuMcAnA hiMsA hai| zastra do prakAra kA hotA hai. dravyazastra aura bhAvazastra / sabhI mAraka padArtha dravyazastra haiM aura asaMyama bhAvazastra hai| dravyazastra ke tIna prakAra haiM
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________________ -- svakAyazastra (kAlI miTTI, pIlI miTTI ke lie), parakAyazastra (agni miTTI ke lie) aura tadubhaya (miTTI mizrita jala anya miTTI ke lie)| arthAt pratyeka vaha vastu zastra hai jo anya vastu ke naisargika svabhAva ke viparIta hai, ataH ghAtaka hai| pRthvI, jala, vAyu tathA agni meM aprAkRtika tathA viparIta svabhAvI anya vastuoM ko jabarana milAnA hiMsA hai| hiMsA ke kSetra aura sAdhanoM kI isa vyApaka carcA ke sAtha hiMsA meM pravRtta hone ke kAraNoM kA ullekha hai| ve kAraNa haiM -- vartamAna jIvana meM prazaMsA, sammAna aura pUjA prApta karane kI abhilASA; janma, maraNa aura mocana saMbaMdhI kAryoM ko saMpanna karane kI AvazyakatA tathA apane dukhoM ke pratikAra kI icchaa| isake bAda AraMbha hotI hai aisI hiMsaka athavA paryAvaraNa virodhI kriyAoM se nistAra pAne ke lie batAI saMyamamaya jIvana kI vistRta carcA / isa carcA meM nirdezita jIvana zailI pUrNatayA paryAvaraNa se jur3I hai| isa jIvana zailI kI vizeSatA hai manuSya ke bhautika aura Atmika vikAsa kI aisI rAha jo paryAvaraNa ke saMtulana ko akSuNNa rakha ske| ahiMsaka jIvanazailI kA AdhAra hai pA~ca vrata (sAdhu ke lie mahAvrata aura zrAvaka ke lie aNuvrata) - ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha / ye pAtaMjali yogasUtra meM yama kahe jAte haiM aura anya aneka dharma-darzanoM meM vibhinna rUpa meM vidyamAna haiN| yoM to ahiMsA meM zeSa cAroM vrata samAviSTa ho jAte haiM aura vratoM ke rUpa meM prastuta isa ahiMsaka jIvana zailI kA pratyeka pahalU paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa ko prerita karatA hai, para yahA~ una vratoM-niyamoM kA ullekha samIcIna hogA jo sIdhe paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa se jur3ate haiN| adattAdAna yA acaurya -- jisa kisI bhI vastu para apanA bhautika yA naitika adhikAra nahIM banatA use lene kA niSedha / yaha vrata sIdhA prAkRtika saMsAdhanoM ke aniyaMtrita dohana se utpanna samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kI bhUmikA prastuta karatA hai| aparigraha -- parigraha kA sAmAnya artha hai vastuoM ke prati moha aura unake saMkalana kI prvRtti| yaha moha saMkalana hetu hiMsA karavAtA hai, usameM bAdhA Ane para hiMsA karavAtA hai aura usase vaMcita kie jAne para hiMsA karavAtA hai| yahI nahIM aniyaMtrita upabhoga ko bhI yahI moha prerita karatA hai; aura yoM yaha sIdhA paryAvaraNa se jur3a jAtA hai| mUlataH, hamArA upabhoga astitva saMrakSaNa se jur3A hai| vaha saMpanna ho jAne para suvidhA aura mahattvAkAMkSA kAraNa bana jAte haiN| sAmayika AvazyakatAoM ke lie koI vastu prApta karanA jIvana-jagat kI sAmAnya prakriyA hai| kala ke lie kucha bacAkara rakhane ke pIche bhI sva-saMrakSaNa kA bhAva hI naisargika rUpa meM kAma karatA hai| kiMtu kAlpanika aura avivekapUrNa rUpa se AvazyakatAoM kA Akalana kara bhaMDAraNa karanA AvazyakatA nahIM lobha hai| AvazyakatA aura upabhoga ko mahattvAkAMkSA ke AdhAra para bar3hAnA hI parigraha hai| Adhunika yuga meM paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa kA mukhya kAraNa khojA jAe to spaSTa hotA hai ki upabhoktAvAda hI vaha kAraNa hai; yaha dudhArI talavAra hai jo eka ora to yojanAbaddha tarIke se prAkRtika srotoM ko dohana kara unheM kSINa kara jIvAnopayogI paryAvaraNa ko naSTa karatA hai aura dUsarI ora anAvazyaka upabhoga se paidA hue ucchiSTa ke aniyaMtrita nistAraNa se paryAvaraNa ko pradUSita karatA hai| yahI nahIM, yaha asaMtoSa, garIbI aura sAmAjika viSamatA phailAtA hai jisakA aMta vaicArika pradUSaNa aura hiMsA meM hotA hai| upabhoktAvAda kI samasyA ke hala ke rUpa meM aparigraha vrata kA bahuta mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai|
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________________ aNuvratoM ke sahAyaka aura poSaka vratoM ke rUpa meM sAta zIlavrata bhI batAe haiM jinameM tIna paryAvaraNa se sIdhA saMbaMdha rakhate haiM kyoMki ye svecchA se AvazyakatAoM aura AkAMkSAoM ko sImita karane se saMbaMdhita haiN| digavrata -- AvAgamana kI dizAoM ko sImita krnaa| dezAvakAzika vrata -- gatividhiyoM ke kSetra ko sImita krnaa| upabhoga-paribhoga parimANa vrata -- upabhoga-paribhoga ko sImita krnaa| ye parimANavata aparigraha vrata ke poSaka haiN| aparigraha kA saMrakSaNa kI avadhAraNA aura siddhAMta ke prasAra meM bahuta mahattva hai| vyakti upabhoga kI sImA karegA to samAja meM usa mAnasikatA kA vistAra hogA aura choTe-choTe parimANa vizAla bana paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa kI ora eka bar3A yogadAna siddha hoMge -- kyoMki jaba svecchA se upabhoga kI sImA nirdhArita hotI hai to prAkRtika saMpadAoM kA dohana bhI svataH hI sImita ho jAtA hai| ina vratoM ke pAlana meM koI kamI na raha jAe, isake lie samitiyoM, guptiyoM aura aticAra-niSedhoM ke rUpa meM anya niyama bhI paribhASita kie gae haiN| inameM sAmAnya lagatI kiMtu mahattvapUrNa bAtoM kI vistAra se carcA kI hai udAharaNArtha-- vratoM meM prathama ahiMsA ke AcaraNa hetu pA~ca samitiyoM kA ullekha hai| inhIM meM se eka hai ucchiSTa tyAga aura usake sthAna saMbaMdhI saavdhaanii| sAmAnyatayA yaha mahattvapUrNa bAta nahIM lagatI para paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa ke dRSTikoNa se dekheM to isakA mahattva samajha meM AtA hai| Aja pradUSaNa kA eka bar3A kAraNa ucchiSTa kA asAvadhAnI se tyAga hai| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa kahA jA sakatA hai ki paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa se ahiMsaka jIvana paddhati abhinna rUpa se jur3I huI hai| isa saMdarbha meM isake tIna mahattvapUrNa AdhAra haiM - samatA arthAt saMtulana, ahiMsA arthAt saMyamita atikramaNa aura aparigraha arthAt saMtulita va saMyamita upbhog| draSTavya AcArAMga suutr|