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________________ sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA lokavyApI vyaktitva aura cintana DaoN. phUlacanda jaina premI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI the - tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ! tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA vyaktitva aura cintana AgamoM meM yatra-tatra mukharita huA hai| unhIM ke vyaktitva evaM ciMtana kaNoM ko zodha-khoja kara le Aye haiM DaoN. phUlacaMdajI jaina 'premI' / sampAdaka vartamAna meM jaina paramparA kA jo prAcIna sAhitya upalabdha hai, usakA sIdhA sambandha caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara vardhamAna mahAvIra se hai| inase pUrva nauvIM zatI IsA pUrva kAzI meM janme teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha jI isa zramaNa paramparA ke mahAn puraskartA the| unake viSaya meM vyavasthita rUpa koI sAhitya vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai, kintu aneka prAcIna aitihAsika prAmANika srotoM se aitihAsika mahApuruSa ke rUpa meM mAnya haiM aura unake AdarzapUrNa jIvana aura dharma-darzana kI loka-vyApI chavi Aja bhI sampUrNa bhArata tathA isake sImAvartI kSetroM aura dezoM meM vividha rUpoM meM dikhalAI detI hai / ardhamAgadhI prAkRta sAhitya meM unake lie "purusAdANIya" arthAt lokanAyaka zreSTha puruSa jaise ati lokapriya vyaktitva sUcaka aneka sammAnapUrNa vizeSaNoM kA ullekha milatA hai| vaidika aura bauddha dharmoM tathA ahiMsA aura AdhyAtmikatA se ota-prota sampUrNa bhAratIya saMskRti para inake cintana aura prabhAva kI gaharI chApa Aja bhI amiTa rUpa se vidyamAna hai| vaidika, jaina aura bauddha sAhitya meM inake ullekha tathA yahA~ ullikhita vrAtya, paNi aura nAga Adi jAtiyA~ spaSTataH pArzvanAtha kI anuyAyI thiiN| bhArata ke pUrvI kSetroM vizeSakara baMgAla, bihAra, ur3IsA Adi aneka prAntoM ke AdivAsI bahula kSetroM meM 178 -- - lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM basane vAlI sarAka, sadgopa, raMgiyA Adi jAtiyoM kA sIdhA aura gaharA sambandha tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI paramparA se hai / ina logoM ke dainika jIvanavyavahAra kI kriyAoM aura saMskAroM para tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ! aura unake cintana kI gaharI chApa hai / sampUrNa sarAka jAti tathA aneka jainetara jAtiyAM apane kuladeva tathA iSTadeva ke rUpa meM Aja taka mukhya rUpa se inhIM ko mAnatI rahI haiM / IsA pUrva dUsarI-tIsarI zatI ke suprasiddha jaina dharmAnuyAyI kaliMga nareza mahArAjA khAravela bhI inhIM ke pramukha anuyAyI the| aMga, baMga, kaliMga, kuru, kauzala, kAzI, avantI, puNDa, mAlava, pAMcAla, magadha, vidarbha, bhadra, dazArNa, saurASTra, karnATaka, koMkaNa, mevAr3a, lATa, kAzmIra, kaccha, vatsa, pallava aura AmIra Adi tatkAlIna aneka kSetroM aura dezoM kA ullekha AgamoM meM milatA hai, jinameM pArzva prabhu ne sasaMgha vihAra karake jana-jana ko hitakArI dharmopadeza dekara jAgRti paidA kI / isa prakAra tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha tathA unake lokavyApI cintana ne lambe samaya taka dhArmika, sAmAjika, sAMskRtika tathA AdhyAtmika kSetra ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| unakA dharma vyavahAra kI dRSTi se sahaja thA / dhArmika kSetroM meM usa samaya putraiSaNA, vittaiSaNA, lokaiSaNA Adi ke lie hiMsAmUlaka yajJa tathA ajJAnamUlaka tapa kA bar3A prabhAva thA, kintu tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA lokavyApI vyaktitva aura cintana
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________________ jaina saMskRti kA Aloka inhoMne pUrvokta kSetroM meM vihAra karake ahiMsA kA samartha meM "pAsAvaJcijja" arthAt pApityIya tathA "pAsattha" pracAra kiyA, jisakA samAja para gaharA prabhAva par3A aura arthAt pArzvastha ke rUpa ullikhita zabda pArzvanAtha ke aneka Arya tathA anArya jAtiyA~ unake dharma meM dIkSita ho anuyAyiyoM ke lie prayukta kiyA milatA hai| giiN| rAjakumAra avasthA meM kamaTha dvArA kAzI ke gaMgAghATa "pArthApatyIya" zabda kA artha hai pArzva kI paramparA ke para paMcAgni tapa tathA yajJAgni meM jalate nAga-nAganI kA arthAt unakI paramparA ke anuyAyI zramaNa aura NamokAra maMtra dvArA uddhAra kI prasiddha ghaTanA. yaha saba shrmnnopaask| unake dvArA dhArmika kSetra meM hiMsA aura ajJAna ke virodha aura ahiMsA tathA viveka kI sthApanA kA pratIka hai| ardhamAgadhI aMga Agama sAhitya meM paMcama aMga Agama bhagavatI sUtra, jise vyAkhyA-prajJapti bhI kahA jAtA hai, meM jainadharma kA prAcIna itihAsa (bhAga 1, pRSTha 356) pApityIya aNagAra aura gRhastha donoM ke vistRta vivaraNa ke anusAra, nAga tathA dravir3a jAtiyoM meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha prApta hote haiN| inake sAvadhAnIpUrvaka vizleSaNa se pratIta kI mAnyatA asaMdigdha thii| zramaNa saMskRti ke anuyAyI hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke yuga meM pArzva kA dUra-dUra vrAtyoM meM nAgajAti sarvAdhika zaktizAlI thii| takSazilA, taka vyApaka prabhAva thA tathA meM pAvApatyIya zramaNa evaM udyAnapurI, ahicchatra, mathurA, padmAvatI, kAntipurI, nAgapura upAsaka bar3I saMkhyA vidyamAna the| madhya evaM pUrvI dezoM Adi isa jAti ke prasiddha kendra the| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke vrAtya kSatriya unake anuyAyI the| gaMgA kA uttara evaM nAga jAti ke ina kendroM meM kaI bAra padhAre aura inake dakSiNa bhAga tathA aneka nAgavaMzI rAjataMtra aura gaNataMtra cintana se prabhAvita hokara sabhI inake anuyAyI bana gye| unake anuyAyI the| uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke teIsaveM adhyayana .. isa dizA meM gahana adhyayana aura anusaMdhAna se Azcaryajanaka kA "kezI-gautama" saMvAda to bahuta prasiddha hai hii| zrAvastI naye tathya sAmane A sakate haiM tathA tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke ke ye zramaNa kezIkumAra bhI pArzva kI hI paramparA ke lokavyApI svarUpa ko aura adhika spaSTa rUpa meM ujAgara sAdhaka the| sampUrNa rAjagRha bhI pArzva kA upAsaka thaa| kiyA jA sakatA hai| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA tathA anya sambandhI pApitya paramparA ke zramaNepAsaka the| jaisA ki kahA bhI hamAre deza ke hajAroM naye aura prAcIna jainasmArakoM meM hai - sarvAdhika tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM kI upalabdhatA bhI unake prati gaharA AkarSaNa, gahana AsthA aura vyApaka ___"samaNassa NaM bhagavao mahAvIrassa ammApiyaro prabhAva kA hI pariNAma hai| pAsAvaccijjA samaNovAsagA vA vi hotthA (AcArAMga 2, cUlikA 3, sUtra 401) bhagavAn mahAvIra svayaM kucha prasaMgoM meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke bAda tathA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke pApityIyoM ke jJAna aura praznottaroM kI prazaMsA karate samaya taka pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyiyoM kI paramparA atyadhika haiN| eka anya prasaMga meM ve pArzva prabhu ko arahaMta, jIvaMta aura prabhAvaka avasthA meM thii| ardhamAgadhI AgamoM purisAdANIya (puruSAdAnIya - puruSa zreSTha yA lokanAyaka) | tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA lokavyApI vyaktitva aura cintana 176
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________________ sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni jaise sammAnapUrNa vizeSaNoM se sambodhita karate haiM / bhagavatI sUtra meM tuMgiyA nagarI meM Thahare una pA~ca sau pArzvApatyIya sthaviroM kA ullekha vizeSa dhyAtavya hai jo pArzvApatyIya zramaNopAsakoM ko cAturyAma dharma' kA upadeza dete haiM tathA zramaNopAsakoM dvArA pUche gaye saMyama, tapa tathA inake phala Adi ke viSaya meM praznoM kA samAdhAna karate haiN| ina praznottaroM kA pUrA vivaraNa jaba indrabhUti gautama ko rAjagRha meM una zrAvakoM dvArA jJAta hotA hai, taba jAkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ko praznottaroM kA pUrA vivaraNa sunAte hue pUchate haiM bhaMte, kyA pArzvApatyIya sthaviroM dvArA kiyA gayA samAdhAna sahI hai ? kyA ve abhyAsI aura viziSTa jJAnI haiM? bhagavAn mahAvIra spaSTa uttara dete hue kahate haiM - ahaM pi NaM goyamA ! evamAikkhAmi bhAsAmi, paNNavemi parUvemi... / saccaM NaM esamaTThe, no ceva NaM aaybhaavvttbvyaae'| arthAt, hA~ gautama ! pArthyApatyIya sthaviroM dvArA kiyA gayA samAdhAna sahI hai / ve sahI uttara dene meM samartha haiN| maiM bhI ina praznoM kA yahI uttara detA hU~ / Age gautama ke pUchane para ki aise zramaNoM kI upAsanA se kyA lAbha? bhagavAn kahate haiM - satya sunane ko milatA hai"| Age-Age uttaroM ke anusAra prazna bhI nirantara kiye gaye / - ina prasaMgoM ko dekhane se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke sAmane pArzva ke dharma, jJAna, AcAra aura tapazcaraNa Adi kI samRddha paramparA rahI hai aura bhagavAn mahAvIra usake prazaMsaka the / pAli sAhitya meM nirgranthoM ke " vappa zAkya" nAmaka zrAvaka kA ullekha milatA hai, jo ki buddha ke cUla pitA 180 (pitRvya) the / isase yaha spaSTa hai ki bhagavAn buddha kA pitRtva kula pArvApatyIya thA / kucha ullekhoM se yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki bhagavAn buddha Arambha meM bhagavAn pArzva kI nirgrantha paramparA meM dIkSita hue the| kintu, bAda meM unhoMne apanA svatantra astitva banAyA / bhagavAn buddha ke eka jIvana - prasaMga se yaha patA calatA hai ki ve apanI sAdhanAvasthA meM pArzva - paramparA se avazya sambaddha rahe haiN| apane pramukha ziSya sAriputra se ve kahate haiM - "sAriputra, bodhi- prApti se pUrva maiM dAr3hI, mUMchoM kA lUMcana karatA thaa| khar3A rahakara tapasyA karatA thA / ukaDU baiThakara tapasyA karatA thaa| maiM naMgA rahatA thA / laukika AcAroM kA pAlana nahIM karatA thaa| hathelI para bhikSA lekara khAtA thaa| .... baiThe hue sthAna para Akara diye hue anna ko, apane liye taiyAra kie hue anna ko aura nimaMtraNa ko bhI svIkAra nahIM karatA thA / garbhiNI aura stanapAna karAne vAlI strI se bhikSA nahIM letA thA / yaha samasta AcAra jaina sAdhuoM kA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki gautama buddha pArzvanAtha- paramparA ke kisI zramaNa-saMgha meM dIkSita hue aura vahA~ se unhoMne bahuta kucha sadjJAna prApta kiyA / devasenAcArya (8vIM zatI) ne bhI gautama buddha ke dvArA prArambha meM jaina dIkSA grahaNa karane kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai - jaina zramaNa pihitAzrava ne sarayU nadI ke taTa para palAza nAmaka grAma meM zrI pArzvanAtha ke saMgha meM unheM dIkSA dI aura unakA nAma muni buddhakIrti rkhaa| kucha samaya bAda ve matsya -mAMsa khAne lage aura rakta vastra pahanakara apane navIna dharma kA upadeza karane lage " / yaha ullekha apane Apa meM bahuta bar3A aitihAsika mahatva nahIM rakhatA, phira tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA lokavyApI vyaktitva aura cintana
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________________ jaina saMskRti kA Aloka bhI yathA prakAra ke samullekhoM ke sAtha apanA eka sthAna avazya banA letA hai| kAphI vyApaka prabhAva thA aura pApityiyoM se bhI unakA acchA paricaya thaa| kucha itihAsakAroM kA yaha bhI mAnanA hai ki yajJayAgAdi pradhAna vedoM ke bAda upaniSadoM meM AdhyAtmika cintana kI pradhAnatA meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke cintana kA bhI kAphI prabhAva par3A hai| isa taraha vaidika paramparA ke lie tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA AdhyAtmika rUpa meM bahumUlya yogadAna kahA jA sakatA hai| pAli dIghanikAya ke sAmaNNaphala sutta meM makkhali gozAlaka Adi jina chaha tIrthaMkaroM ke matoM kA pratipAdana hai, unameM niggaNThanAtaputta ke nAma se jina cAturyAma saMvara arthAt sabavArivAritto, sabbavAriyuto, savvavAridhato aura sabbavAriphuTo kI carcA hai, vaisI kisI bhI jainagranthoM meM nahIM miltii| sthAnAMga, bhagavatI uttarAdhyayana Adi sUtra granthoM meM to pArzva prabhu ke sarva prANAtipAta virati, sarvamRSAvAda virati, sarva adattAdAna virati aura sarva bahirdhAdAna virati rUpa cAturyAma dharma kA pratipAdana milatA hai| jabaki digambara paramparA ke anusAra sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ne pA~ca mahAvrata rUpa AcAra dharma kA pratipAdana samAna rUpa se kiyA hai| yaha bhI dhyAtavya hai ki ardhamAgadhI paramparAnusAra cAturyAma kA upadeza pArzvanAtha ne diyA thA, na ki jJAtaputra mahAvIra ne| kintu isa ullekha se yaha avazya siddha hotA hai ki bhagavAn buddha ke sAmane bhI pArzvanAtha ke cintana kA isa prakAra tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA prabhAvaka vyaktitva aura cintana aisA lokavyApI thA ki koI bhI eka bAra inake yA inakI paramparA ke paripArzva meM Ane para unakA prabala anuyAyI bana jAtA thaa| unake virAT vyaktitva kA vivecana kucha zabdoM yA pRSThoM meM karanA asambhava hai, phira bhI vibhinna zAstroM ke adhyayana aura sImita zakti se unheM jitanA jAna pAyA, yahA~ zraddhA vinata prastuta kiyA hai tAki hama sabhI unake prabhAva ko jAnakara unheM jAnanesamajhane ke lie Age prayatnazIla ho skeN| -rIDara evaM adhyakSa, jaina darzana vibhAga sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI sandarbha 01. ka. pApityAnAM-pArzvajina ziSyANAmayaM pAvApatyIyaH - bhagavatI TIkA 1/6 kha. pApityasya-pArzvasvAmi ziSyasya apatyaM ziSyaH pArthApatyIyaH - sUtra 02/7 02. vesalie purIrA siriyAsajiNe sasAsaNasaNaho / hehayakulasaMbhUo ceiganAmA nivo aasi|| upadezamAlA gAthA 62. 03. bhagavaI 2/5, pairA 110, pRSTha. 105. 04. pAseNaM arahayA purisAdANieNaM sAsae loe buie aNAdIe aNavadagge paritte paribuDe heTTA vicchiNNe majjhe saMkhitte, uppiM visAle-bhagavaI 2/5/6/255 pRSTha. 231 05. bhagavaI 2/5/68 pRSTha. 105 | tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA lokavyApI vyaktitva aura cintana 181
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________________ sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni 06. vahI 2/5/110 pRSTha. 108 07. vahI 2/5/110 pRSTha. 106 08. pAli aMguttara nikAya catuSkanipAta mahAvaggo vappasutta 4-20-5 06. ka. majjhimanikAya mahAsiMhanAda sutta 1/1/2, dIghanikAya pAsAdikasutta kha. pArzvanAtha kA cAturyAma dharma pRSTha. 24 10. majjhimanikAya mahAsiMhanAda sutta 1/1/2, dharmAnanda kauzAmbI bha.buddha pRSTha.65-66 11. siripAsaNAhatitthe sarayUtIre plaasnnyrtthii| pihiyAsavassa sisso mahAsudo vddddhkittimunnii||... stabaraM dharittA pavaTTiya teNa eyataM / / darzanasAra zloka 6-8 12. Agama aura tripiTakaH eka anuzIlana pRSTha. 2 - jainadarzana, sAhitya, itihAsa evaM saMskRti ke saMvarddhana, saMrakSaNa evaM pracAra-prasAra meM sadaiva tatpara DaoN. zrI phUlacandajI jaina 'premI' kA janma 12 julAI 1648 ko dalapatapura grAma (sAgara - ma.pra.) meM huaa| prAraMbhika zikSoparAMta Apane jainadharma vizArada, siddhAnta zAstrI, sAhityAcArya, ema.e. evaM zAstrAcArya kI parIkSAeM dii| "mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana" viSaya para kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya dvArA pI.eca.DI. kI upAdhi se vibhUSita DaoN. premI jI ko kaI puraskAroM se Aja dina taka sammAnita kiyA gayA hai| jaina jagat ke mUrdhanya vidvAn DaoN. premI ne aneka kRtiyoM kA lekhana-saMpAdana karake jaina sAhitya meM zrI vRddhi kI hai| aneka zodhaparaka nibaMdha jaina patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzita! rASTrIya-antarrASTrIya saMgoSThiyoM meM jainadarzana viSayaka vyAkhyAna ! 'jaina ratna' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita DaoN. premI jI saralamanA evaM sahRdayI sajjana hai| -sampAdaka karma kyA hai ? mana-vANI aura zarIra dvArA zubha-azubha, spandanA kA honA tathA krodhAdi saMkleza bhAvoM se kArya karanA usase AtmapradezoM para karmANuoM kA saMgraha honA karma hai| usakA kAlAntara meM jAgRta honA karmaphala kA bhoga hai| kiyA huA vyartha nahIM jAtA vaha phalavAna hotA hai| AdamI ke cAhane na cAhane, mAnane na mAnane se koI antara nahIM pdd'taa| jaba apane para hI bharosA nahIM hai to phira paramAtmA para bharosA kaise AyegA? phira saMbhrAnta, dizAvimUr3ha kI bhA~ti itastataH saMsAra meM bhaTakate rhoge| isalie AtmA para vizvAsa honA ati Avazyaka hai| AtmA kA astitva hai to vahA~ para loka kA astitva hai, loka hai to vahA~ karma kA astitva hai, karma hai vahA~ kriyA bhI hai| -sumana vacanAmRta 182 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA lokavyApI vyaktitva aura cintana