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________________ pArzva aura mahAvIra kA zAsana-bheda bhagavAna pArzva aura mahAvIra ke zAsana-bheda kA vicAra hama nimna tathyoM ke AdhAra para kareMge muni nathamalajI :-- 1. cAturyAma aura paMca mahAvata prAg aitihAsika kAla meM bhagavAna RSabha ne pA~ca mahAvratoM kA upadeza diyA thA, aisA mAnA jAtA hai / aitihAsika kAla meM bhagavAna pArzva ne cAturyAma dharma kA upadeza diyA thaa| unake cAra yAma ye the - ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, bahistAt AdAna-viramaNa : bAhya vastu ke grahaNa kA tyAga | 1 bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pAMca mahAvratoM kA upadeza diyaa| unake pA~ca mahAvrata ye haiM- ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha | sahaja hI prazna hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne mahAvratoM kA vikAsa kyoM kiyA ? bhagavAna pArzva kI paraMparA ke AcArya kumAra zramaNa kezI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gaNadhara gautama jaba zrAvastI meM Ae, taba unake ziSyoM ko yaha saMdeha utpanna huA ki hama eka hI prayojana se cala rahe haiM, phira yaha antara kyoM ? pArzva ne cAturyAma dharma kA nirUpaNa kiyA aura mahAvIra ne pAMca mahAvratadharma kA, yaha kyoM ? 0 kumAra zramaNa kezI ne gautama se yaha prazna pUchA taba unhoMne kezI se kahA- "pahale tIrthaMkara ke sAdhu Rju jar3a hote haiM / antima tIrthaMkara ke sAdhu vakra-jar3a hote haiN| bIca ke tIrthaMkaroM ke sAdhu R-prAjJa hote haiM, isalie dharma ke do prakAra kie haiN| "pUrvavartI sAdhuoM ke lie muni ke AcAra ko yathAvat grahaNa kara lenA kaThina hai / caramavartI sAdhuoM ke lie muni ke AcAra 1. sthAnAMya- 4 / 135 2. uttarAdhyayana- 21/12 3. vahI - 23 / 12-13 bI. ni. saM. 2503 kA pAlana kaThina hai / madhyavartI sAdhu use yathAvat grahaNa kara lete haiM... aura usakA pAlana bhI ve saralatA se karate haiM / "4 isa samAdhAna meM eka viziSTa dhvani hai| isase isa bAta kA saMketa milatA hai ki jaba bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke praziSya abrahmacarya kA samarthana karane lage, usakA pAlana kaThina ho gayA taba usa sthiti ko dekhakara bhagavAna mahAvIra ko brahmacarya ko svataMtra mahAvrata ke rUpa meM sthAna denA par3A / bhagavAna pArzva ne maithuna ko parigraha ke aMtargata mAnA thA / kintu unake nirvANa ke pazcAt aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tIrthaMkara hone se thor3e pUrva kucha sAdhu isa tarka kA sahArA le abrahmacarya kA samarthana karane lage ki bhagavAna pArzva ne usakA niSedha nahIM kiyA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isa tarka ke nivAraNa ke lie spaSTataH brahmacarya mahAvrata kI vyavasthA kI aura mahAvrata pAMca ho gaye / 116 sUtrakRtana meM abrahmacarya kA samarthana karane vAle ko pArzvastha kahA hai| sikAra ne unheM svapUviru" bhI batalAyA hai / " isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pahale se hI kucha "svayUthika-nirgrantha " arthAt pArzva paraMparA ke zramaNa svacchaMda ho kara abrahmacarya kA samarthana kara rahe the| unakA tarka thA ki 4. vahI - 23 / 26-27 5. sthAnAMga - 4 / 136 vRtti- maithuna parigrahe'ntarbhavati na hyaparigRhItA yoSid bhujyate / 6. sUtrakRtAMga- 1/3/4/9.12 7. kaH sUtrakRtAMga- 1/3/4/9/ vRtti -svayUthyA vA / kha: vahI - 1/3/4/12 vRtti-svayUthyA vA pArzvasthAvasannakuzIlAdayaH 3
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________________ "jaise vraNa yA phor3e ko dabA kara pIva ko nikAla dene se zAnti milatI hai, vaise hI samAgama kI prArthanA karane vAlI strI ke sAtha samAgama karane se zAnti milatI hai / isameM doSa kaise ho sakatA hai ? jaise bher3a binA hilAye zAntabhAva se pAnI pI letI hai, vaise hI samAgama kI prArthanA karane vAlI strI ke sAtha zAnta bhAva se kisI ko pIr3A pahuMcAe binA samAgama kiyA jAya, usameM doSa kaise ho sakatA hai ? jaise 'kapiMjala' nAma kI cir3iyA AkAza meM rahakara binA hile-Dule jala pI letI hai, vaise hI samAgama kI prArthanA karane vAlI strI ke sAtha anAsakta bhAva se samAgama kiyA jAe to usameM doSa kaise ho sakatA hai ? bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ina kutoM ko dhyAna meM rakhA aura vakrajar3a muni kisa prakAra artha kA anartha kara DAlate haiM, isa ora dhyAna diyA to unheM brahmacarya ko svataMtra mahAvrata kA rUpa dene kI AvazyakatA huii| isalie stutikAra ne kahA hai___ "se vAriyA itthi sarAimaMta" : sUtrakRtAMga, 1/6/28 arthAta, bhagavAna ne strI aura rAtri bhojana kA nivAraNa kiyA / yaha stuti vAkya isa tathya kI ora saMketa karatA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne brahmacarya kI vizeSa vyAkhyA, vyavasthA yA yojanA kI thii| ___abrahmacarya ko phor3e ke pIba nikAlane Adi ke samAna batAyA jAtA thA, usake lie bhagavAna ne kahA-"koI manuSya talavAra se kisI kA sira kATa zAnti kA anubhava kare to kyA vaha doSI nahIM hai ?" koI manuSya kisI dhanI ke khajAne se anAsakta-bhAva se bahumUlya ratnoM ko curAe to kyA vaha doSI nahIM hogA? koI manuSya cupacApa zAnta-bhAva se jahara kI ghaMTa pI kara baiTha jAve to kyA vaha viSa vyApta nahIM hogA? dUsare kA sira kATane vAlA, dUsaroM ke ratna' curAne vAlA aura jahara kI ghaMTa pIne vAlA vastuta: zAnta yA anAsakta nahIM hotA, vaise hI abrahmacarya kA sevana karane vAlA zAnta yA anAsakta nahIM ho sktaa| jo pArzvastha zramaNa anAsakti kA nAma le abrahmacarya kA samarthana karate haiM, ve kAma-bhogoM meM atyaMta Asakta haiM 110 ___abrahmacarya ko svAbhAvika mAnane kI ora zramaNoM kA jhukAva hotA jA rahA thA, usa samaya unheM brahmacarya kI vizeSa vyavasthA dene kI AvazyakatA thI / isa anukUla pariSaha se zramaNoM ko bacAnA Avazyaka thaa| usa sthiti meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne brahmacarya ko bahuta mahattva diyA aura usakI surakSA ke lie vizeSa vyavasthA dI : dekhiye-uttarAdhyayana 16 aura 32vAM adhyayana / 2. sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanIya-bhagavAn pArzva ke samaya sAmAyika cAritra thA aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ne chedopasthApanIyacAritra kA pravartana kiyA / vAstavika dRSTi se cAritra eka sAmAyika hI hai / cAritra kA artha hai "samatA kI aaraadhnaa|" viSamatApUrNa pravRttiyAM tyakta hotI haiM, taba sAmAyika cAritra prApta hotA hai / yaha nirvizeSaNa yA nirvibhAga hai| bhagavAna pArzva ne cAritra ke vibhAga nahIM kie, use vistAra se nahIM samajhAyA / sambhava hai unheM isakI AvazyakatA pratIta nahIM huii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAmane eka vizeSa prayojana upasthita thA, isalie unhoMne sAmAyika ko chedopasthApanIya kA rUpa diyaa| isa cAritra ko svIkAra karane vAle ko vyakti yA vibhAgazaH mahAvratoM ko svIkAra karAyA jAtA hai| cheda kA artha 'vibhAga' hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhagavAn pArzva ke nivibhAga sAmAyika cAritra ko vibhAgAtmaka sAmAyika cAritra banA diyA aura vahI chedopasthApanIya ke nAma se pracalita huaa| bhagavAn ne cAritra ke teraha mukhya vibhAga kiye the| pUjyapAda ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ko pUrva tIrthaMkaroM dvArA anupadiSTa teraha prakAra ke cAritra-upadeSTA ke rUpa meM namaskAra kiyA hai tisraH sattamaguptayastanumanobhASAnimittodayAH paMceryAdi samAzrayAH samitayaH paMca vratAnItyapi / cAritropahitaM trayodazatayaM pUrva na diSTaM pararAcAraM parameSThino jinapatervIrAn namAmo vayaM / / 12 bhagavatI se jJAta hotA hai ki jo cAturyAma-dharma kA pAlana karate the, una muniyoM ke cAritra ko "sAmAyika' kahA jAtA thA aura jo muni sAmAyika-cAritra kI prAcIna paraMparA ko chor3akara paMcayAma-dharma meM prabajita hue unake cAritra ko "chedopasthApanIya" kahA gayA / 13 bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhagavAn pArzva kI paraMparA kA sammAna karane athavA apane nirUpaNa ke sAtha usakA sAmaMjasya biThAne ke lie donoM vyavasthAeM kI--prAraMbha meM alpakAlIna nivibhAga : sAmAyika cAritra ko mAnyatA dI,14 dIrghakAla ke lie vibhAgAtmaka : chedopasthApanIya : cAritra kI vyavasthA kii|16 kiyA hai 11. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1267 12. cAritrabhakti 7 13. bhagavatI 25/7/786 gAthA 1, 2 sAmAiyaMmi u kae, cAujjAmaM aNuvaMra ghamma / tiviheNaM phAsayaMto, sAmAiya saMjamo sa khalu / / chetraNaM u pariyAMga, porANaM jo Thavei appANaM / dhammami paMca jAme, chedopaTTAvaNo sa khalu / / 14. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1268 15. vahI gAthA 1274 8. sUtrakRtAMga-1/3/4/10 se 12 9. sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA-53-55 10. sUtrakRtAMga 1/3/4/13 rAjendra-jyoti Jain Education Intemational
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________________ 3. rAtri bhojana-viramaNa - bhagavAn pArzva ke zAsana meM rAtri bhojana na karanA vrata nahIM thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne use vrata kI sUcI meM sammilita kara liyaa| yahAM sUtrakRtAMga : 1 / 6 / 28 kA vaha pada phira smaraNIya hai- " se vAriyA itthi sarAibhattaM / " haribhadra sUri ne isakI carcA karate hue batAyA ki bhagavAn RSabha aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane Rju jar3a aura vakra- jar3a ziSyoM kI apekSA se rAtri bhojana na karane ko vrata kA rUpa diyA aura use mUla guNoM kI sUcI meM rkhaa| madhyavartI tIrthakaroM ne use mUlaguNa nahIM mAnA isalie unhoMne use vrata kA rUpa nahIM diyA / 19 somatilaka sUri kA bhI yahI abhimata hai / 17 mUlaguNe uduvhaM, sesANuttaraguNesu nisibhuttaM / haribhadrasUri se pahale hI yaha mAnyatA pracalita thii| jinabhadragaNi ne likhA hai ki "rAta ko bhojana nahIM karanA" ahiMsA ta kA saMrakSaka hone ke kAraNa samiti kI bhAMti uttara guNa hai / kintu muni ke lie vaha ahiMsA mahAvrata kI taraha pAlanIya hai / isa dRSTi se vaha mUlaguNa kI koTi meM rakhane yogya hai / 18 zrAvaka ke lie vaha mUlaguNa nahIM haiN| 19 jo guNa sAdhanA ke AdhArabhUta hote haiM, unheM "maulika" yA "mUlaguNa" kahA jAtA hai / unake upakArI yA sahayogI guNoM ko uttaraguNa" kahA jAtA hai| jinabhadra gaNI ne mUlaguNa kI saMkhyA 5 aura 6 donoM prakAra se mAnI hai: 1. ahiMsA 2. satya 3. acaurya AcArya vaTTakera ne mUlaguNa 28 mAne haiM- asnAna pAMca mahAvrata pAMca samitiyAM bhUmizayana pAMca indriya-vijaya dantagharSana kA varjana sthiti bhojana eka bhukta SaD Avazyaka keza loca acelakatA 4. brahmacaryaM 5. aparigraha 20 6. rAtri bhojana- viramaNa Rju 16. kAlika, hAribhadrIya vRtti pa. 150 etacca rAtribhojanaM prathamacaramatIrthaMkara tIrthaM yoH javajadapuruSApekSA mUlaguNatvakhyApanArtha mahAyatopari paThitaM, madhyama tIrthaMkaratIrtheSu punaH RjuprajJa puruSApekSayottaraguNavarga iti / 17. saptatizata sthAna gAthA 287 mUlaguNeSu uduhvaMsesANuttaraguNesu nisibhuttaM / 18. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1247 vRttiH uttaraguNatve satyapi tat sAdho bhaNyate mUlaguNapAlanAt prANAtipAtAdiviramaNavat antaraMgatvAcca / 19 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1245-1250 20. vahI gAthA 1244 sammata sameyAMi, mUlaguNA / 21 . vahI gAthA 1829 mUlaguNa chabvayAI tu 22. mUlAcAra 112-113 vI. ni. saM. 2503 mahavvayANuvvayAi mahAguNoM kI saMkhyA saba tIrthaMkaroM ke zAsana meM samAna nahIM rahI, isakA samarthana bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nimna pravacana se hotA hai: "Aryo 1 - maiMne pAMca mahAvratAtmaka, sapratikramaNa aura acela dharma kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| AryoM-maiMne nagnabhAva, muNDabhAva, asnAna, dantaprakSAlana-varjana, chatra-varjana, pAdukA varjana bhUmi vyA keza- loca Adi kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / 23 bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jo vizeSa vidhAna haiM, unakA laMbA vivaraNa sthAnAMga 9/692 meM hai| 4. sacela aura acela - gautama aura kezI ke ziSyoM ke mana meM eka vitarka uThA thA- "mahAmuni varddhamAna ne jo AcAra dharma kI vyavasthA kI hai, vaha acelaka hai aura mahAmuni pArzva ne jo yaha AcAra dharma kI vyavasthA kI hai, vaha varSa Adi se viziSTa tathA mUlyavAna vastravAlI hai| jabaki hama eka hI uddezya se cale haiM to phira isa bheda kA kyA kAraNa haiM ? "kezI ne gautama ke sAmane vaha jijJAsA prastuta kI aura pUchA -- "medhAvin ! veSa ke ina prakAroM meM tumheM saMdeha kaise nahIM hotA / " "kezI ke aisA kahane para gautama ne isa prakAra kahA - "vijJAna dvArA yathocita jAnakara hI dharma ke sAdhanoM upakaraNoM kI anumati dI gaI hai| logoM ko yaha pratIta ho ki ye sAdhu, haiM, isalie nAnA prakAra ke upakaraNoM kI parikalpanA kI gaI hai| jIvana yAtrA ko nibhAnA aura "maiM sAdhu hU~" aisA dhyAna Ate rahanA veSa dhAraNa ke isa loka meM ye prayojana haiN| yadi mokSa kI vAstavika sAdhanA kI pratijJA ho to nizcaya-dRSTi meM usake sAdhana, jJAna, darzana aura cAritra hI haiN| 24 bhagavAn pArzva ke ziSya bahumUlya aura raMgIna vastra rakhate the / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane ziSyoM ko alpamUlya aura zveta vastra rakhane kI anumati dI / DA. harmana jekobI kA yaha mata hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne acelakatA yA nagnatva kA AcAra AjIvaka AcArya gozAlaka se grahaNa kiyA / kintu yaha saMdigdha hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kAla meM aura unase pUrva bhI nagna sAdhuoM ke aneka sampradAya the / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne acelakatA ko kisI se prabhAvita hokara apanAyA yA apanI svataMtra buddhi se, isa prazna ke samAdhAna kA koI nizcita srota prApta nahIM hai| kintu itanA nizcita hai ki mahAvIra dIkSita hue taba sacela the, bAda meM acela ho gaye / bhagavAn ne apane ziSyoM 23. sthAnAMga 9 / 62 24. uttarAdhyayana 23 / 29-33 25. dI sekreDa buka Apha dI IsTa, bhAga 45 pR. 32 It is probable that he borrowed then from the Ake'lakas or Agivakas, the followers of Gosala. 5
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________________ ke lie bhI acela AcAra kI vyavasthA kI, kintu unakI acela vyavasthA dUsare-dUsare nagna sAdhuoM kI bhAMti ekAntika AgrahapUrNa nahIM thii| gautama ne kezI se jo kahA, usase yaha svayaM siddha hai| jo nirgrantha nirvastra rahane meM samartha the, unake lie pUrNataH acela (nirvastra) rahane kI vyavasthA thI aura jo nirgrantha vaisA karane meM samartha nahIM the, unake lie sImita artha meM sacelaka, alpamUlya aura zveta vastradhArI rahane kI vyavasthA thii| bhagavAn pArzva ke ziSya bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tIrtha meM isalie khapa sake ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane tIrtha meM sacela aura acela ina donoM vyavasthAoM ko mAnyatA dI thii| isa sacela aura acela ke prazna para hI nirgrantha-saMgha zvetAmbara aura digambara ina do zAkhAoM meM vibhakta huA thaa| zvetAmbara sAhitya ke anusAra jina-kalpI sAdhu vastra nahIM rakhate the| digambara sAhitya ke anusAra saba sAdhu vastra nahIM rakhate the| isa viSaya para pArzvavartI paraMparAoM kA bhI vilokana karanA apekSita hai| pUraNakazyapa ne samasta jIvoM kA vargIkaraNa kara chaha abhijAtiyA~ nizcita kI thii| usameM tIsarI lohityAbhijAti meM eka zATaka rakhanevAle nirgranthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| AcArAMga meM bhI eka zATaka rakhane kA ullekha hai| 28 aMguttaranikAya meM nirgranthoM ke nagna rUpa ko lakSita karake hI unheM "ahmIka" kahA gayA hai| AcArAMga meM nirgranthoM ke lie acela rahane kA bhI vidhAna hai| deg viSNu-purANa meM sAdhuoM ke nirvastra aura savastra donoM rUpoM kA ullekha milatA hai| 1. ina sabhI ullekhoM se yaha jAna par3atA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ziSya sacela aura acela-ina donoM avasthAoM meM rahate the| phira bhI acela avasthA ko adhika mahatva diyA gayA, isIlie kezI ke ziSyoM ke mana meM usake prati eka vitarka utpanna huvA thaa| prAraMbha se acela zabda kA artha nirvastra hI rahA hogaa| aura digaMbara-zvetAMbara saMgharSa-kAla meM usakA artha 'alpa vastra bAlA' yA 'malina vastra vAlA' huA hogA, athavA eka vastradhArI nirgranthoM ke lie acela kA prayoga huA hogaa| digaMbara paraMparA ne nirvastra rahane kA ekAntika Agraha kiyA aura zvetAMbara-paraMparA ne nirvastra rahane kI sthiti ke viccheda kI ghoSaNA kii| isa prakAra sacela aura acela kA prazna bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jisako samAhita kiyA thA, Age cala kara vivAdAspada bana gayA / yaha vivAda adhika ugra taba banA jaba AjIvaka zramaNa digaMbaroM meM vilIna ho rahe the| tAmila kAvya "maNimekhale" meM jaina zramaNoM ko nirgrantha aura AjIvaka-ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kAla meM AjIvaka eka svataMtra sampradAya thA / azoka aura dazaratha ke "barAbara" tathA "nAgArjunI guhA-lekhoM" se usake astitva kI jAnakArI milatI hai| una zramaNoM ko gahAeM dAna meM dI gaI thI / saMbhavataH I. sa. ke AraMbha se AjIvaka mata kA ullekha prazastiyoM meM nahIM miltaa| DA. vAsudeva upAdhyAya ne saMbhAvanA kI hai ki AjIvaka brAhmaNa mata meM vilIna ho gaye / kintu maNimekhale se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki AjIvaka-zramaNa digaMbara zramaNoM meM vilIna ho gye| AjIvaka nagnatva ke prabala samarthaka the| unake vilaya hone ke pazcAt sambhava hai ki digaMbara paraMparA meM bhI acelatA kA Agraha ho gyaa| yadi Agraha na ho to sacela aura acela-ina donoM avasthAoM kA sundara sAmaMjasya biThAyA jA sakatA hai, jaisA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne biThAyA thaa| 5. pratikramaNaH-bhagavAna pArzva ke ziSyoM ke lie donoM saMdhyAoM meM pratikramaNa karanA anivArya nahIM thaa| jaba koI doSAcaraNa ho jAtA, taba ve usakA pratikramaNa kara lete / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane ziSyoM ke lie donoM saMdhyAoM meM pratikramaNa karanA anivArya kara diyA, bhale hI phira koI doSAcaraNa huA ho yA na huA ho / 6. avasthita aura anavasthita kalpa:--bhagavAna pArzva aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana-bheda kA itihAsa dasa kalpoM meM milatA hai| unameM se cAturyAma dharma, acelatA pratikramaNa para hama eka dRSTi DAla cuke haiN| bhagavAn pAvaM ke ziSyoM ke lie1-zayyAtara-piNDa : upAzrayadAtA ke ghara kA AhAra na lenaa| 2-cAturyAma dharma kA pAlana krnaa| 3-puruSa ko jyeSTha mAnanA / 4-dIkSA paryAya meM bar3e sAdhuoM ko vaMdana karanA / ye cAra kalpa avasthita the| 1-acelatA, 2-audezika, 3-pratikramaNa, 4-rAjapiNDa, 5-mAsakalpa, 6-paySaNa kalpa / ye chahoM kalpa anavasthita the, aicchika the| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ziSyoM ke liye ye sabhI kalpa avasthita the, anivArya the| parihAra vizuddha cAritra bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dena thI / ise chedopasthApanIya cAritra kI bhA~ti 'avasthita kalpI' kahA gayA hai / 32. prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhoM kA adhyayana khaMDa 2, pR. 22 33. vahI pR. 126 34. buddhisTa sTaDIja pR.15 35. ka : Avazyaka niyukti 1244 kha : mUlAcAra 7/125-129 bhagavatI 25/7/787 : sAmAiya saMjameNaM bhaMte kiM Thiyakappe hojjA aTiThayakappe hojjA? goyamA Thiyakappe vA hojjA aThyikappe vA hojjA / chedovaTThAvaNiya saMjae pucchA, goyamA Thiyakappe hojjA no aTThiyakappe hojjA 37. bhagavatI 25-7/787 26. aMguttaranikAya 6 / 63, chalabhijAtisutta, bhAga 3, pR. 86 27. vahI 6 / 6 / 3 tatridaM bhante, purANena kassapena lohitAbhijAti pajjattA, nigaNThA eka saattkaa| 28. AcArAMga 18 / 4 / 52 aduvA ega sADe 29, aMguttaranikAya, 10818, bhAga 4, pR. 218 ahirikA bhikkhave nigaNThA 30. AcArAMga 168 / 4 / 53 aduvA acele| 31. viSNu purANa aMza 3, adhyAya 18, eloka 10 rAjendra-jyoti Jain Education Intemational