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________________ paramAtma-prakAza aura usake racayitA zrImAn paM. prakAzajI hitaiSI zAstrI, dehalI saMpAdaka, sanmati-saMdeza zramaNa saMskRti ke darzana aura sAhitya meM jo ekAtma bhAva lakSita hotA hai, usakA mUla kAraNa isakI adhyAtma-vidyA hai| yaha vidyA sanAtana evaM dharma kI aMtaHprANa hai| isameM Atmika alaukika vRttiyoM kA pratiSThAna hai| nirvikalpAtmaka sahaja-sahaja AtmAnaMda kI upalabdhi isakA lakSa hai| jagat kA prANi yadyapi sukhazAMti ke liye lAlAyita hai kintu bhrAntivaza usase dUra bhAgatA rahA hai| usa sahajAnaMda ko prApta svAnubhavI saMtoM ne vizvakalyANa ke liye usa mArga kA pradarzana kiyA hai jo sadA unakA upAsya rahA hai| yahI isakA varNya viSaya hai| isa adhyAtmika santa paramparA meM yogIndu deva kA mahatva pUrNa sthAna hai| unake race hue aneka AdhyAtmika granthoM meM se 'paramAtma-prakAza' grantha pramukha hai| jaisA ki isake nAma se hI vidita hai, isa grantha meM niraMjanadeva, AtmA, paramAtmA, AtmajJAna, jIva kI mohadazA, indriyasukha aura Atmasukha, mokSatattva aura usase vimukha jIvana kI nirarthakatA, siddhi ke bhAvazuddhi, svabhAva kI upAsanA, saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA Adi aneka AdhyAtmika viSayoM para sarala aura sarasa bhASA meM baDe hI sundara DhaMga se pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| __niraMjana deva kA nirUpaNa karate hue Apane likhA hai, yaha niraMjana deva hI paramAtmA hai| isako prApta karane ke liye bAhyAcAra kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| bAhara se vRtti haTAkara antara meM praveza karane se hI apane meM paramAtmA prApta ho sakatA hai| mAnasa sarovara meM haMsa ke samAna nirmala bhAva meM hI brahma kA vAsa hotA hai| use devAlaya, zilpa athavA citra meM khojanA vyartha hai deu Na devale Navi silae Navi lippaI Navi citti / akhau NiraMjaNu NANamau siu saMThiya samacitti // 123 // Atma deva devAlaya (maMdira) meM nahIM hai, pASANa kI pratimA meM bhI nahIM hai, lepa tathA mUrti meM bhI nahIM hai| vaha deva akSaya avinAzI hai, karma mala se rahita hai, jJAna se pUrNa hai, aisA paramAtmA samabhAva meM ThaharA hai| 175
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________________ 176 A. zAMtisAgarajI janmazatAbdi smRtigraMtha Age niraMjana kA svarUpa batalAte hue spaSTa kiyA hai jAsu Na vaNNu Na gaMdhu rasu jAsu Na saguNa phAlu / jANuNa jamma maraNu Navi NAu NiraMjaNu tAsu // 19 // jAsu Na kohu Na mohu mau jAmu Na mAya Na mANu / suMTha jhA jiyaso ji NiraMjaNu jANu // 20 // Na jisake na varNa, na gandha, na rasa, na zabda, na sparza hai| jisake janma, maraNa, krodha, mada, moha,, mAna aura mAyA nahIM hai / jisake koI guNasthAna, dhyAna bhI nahIM hai use niraMjana kahate haiM / paramAtmA kI paribhASA karate hue kahA hai jasu abmaMtari jagu vasaha jagavyaMtari jo ji / ji vasaMtu vija jiNa vi muNi paramappara so ji // jisakI AtmA jagat basa rahA hai ( pratibiMbIta ) ho rahA hai / vaha jagat meM nivAsa karatA huA bhI jagat rUpa nahIM hotA usIko paramAtmA jAno / jIvana ke carama satya kI tarka saMgata anubhUti evaM antazcetanA kI jAgRti AtmA ko aisI avasthA meM kendrita kara detI hai jo Izvara ko sAkSAtkAra kA saMketa detI hai / paramAtmA kI ora agrasara karanevAlI prabuddha cetanA svayaM meM hI advaita bhAva se paramAtmA kA darzana karane laga jAtI hai| isako granthakAra ne kahA hai maNu milipa paramesarahaM paramesaru vi maNassa / vIhi va samarasi hU vAhaM pujna caDAvaDaM kassa // 125 // jisakA mana bhagavAn AtmA se mila gayA tanmayo ho gayA aura paramezvara bhI manase mila gayA, ina donoM ke samarasa hone para maiM aba kisakI pUjA karU~ ? AdhyAtmikatA kA uddeza usa parama satya kA sAkSAtkAra karanA hai jo riddhi, siddhi aura dhana sampadA se pare hai / vaha to ina jaDa cetana kA jJAtA dRSTA mAtra hai| unakA pariNamana jaba jaisA hotA hai use vaha janatA bhara hai, usameM harSa viSAda nahIM karatA / yahI usakA samatA bhAva hai / dukkhuva bahu bihau jIvahaM kammu jaNeha | appA dekha muI para Nicchau evaM bhaNeI // 64 // jIvoM ke aneka taraha ke sukha dukha donoM hI karma hI upajAtA hai AtmA upayogamayI hone se kevala dekhatA jAnatA hai, isa prakAra nizcayanaya kahatA hai / yahAM sukha dukha sAmagrI kA sambandha karma se hai /
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________________ paramAtma-prakAza aura usake racayitA 177 apane ziSya prabhAkara bhaTTa ko udbodhita karane ke lie hI isa grantha kI racanA kI gaI hai| isalie sabase prathama ziSya prazna karatA hai cau gaI dukkha haiM tattAha jo paramappau koi / cau-gaI dukkha viNAsayaru kahahu patthAeM so vi // 10 // cAra gatiyoM ke dukhoM se taptAyamAna (dukhI) jIvoM ke dukhase chuDAnevAlA koI cidAnaMda paramAtmA hai vaha kauna hai, he guruvara use batalAiye / isakA uttara dete hue yogIndu muni ne kahA hai - jahau Nimmalu NANamau siddhihi Nivasai deu / tehau Nivasai vaMbhu para deha ha~ maM kari peu // 26 // jaisA karmarahita, kevala jJAnAdi se yukta prakaTa kAryasamayasAra siddha paramAtmA parama ArAdhya deva mukti meM rahatA hai vaisA hI saba lakSaNoM se yukta zakti rUpa kAraNa paramAtmA isa deha meM rahatA hai| isalie he prabhAkara bhaTTa ! tU siddha bhagavAn aura apane meM bheda mata kara ! ___ AcArya zrI ne yahAM spaSTa kiyA ki saMsAra dukha se chuDAne vAlA terA jIva nAmA padArtha isa deha meM rahatA hai, vahI paramAtmA upAdeya hai| dUsarA koI paramAtmA tujhe dukha se nahIM chuDA sakatA hai / isase Age upAlambha dete hue yogIndu deva kahate haiM je diveM tuTuMti lahu kammai~ puvva kiyA hai| so paru jANahi jo iyA dehi vasaMtu Na kAi~ // 27 // jisa paramAtmA ke dekhate pUrvopArjita karma zIghra hI naSTa ho jAte haiM usa sadAnaMda rUpa deha meM rahane vAle nija paramAtmA ko tU kyoM nahIM jAnatA hai ? isa jIva ko saMsAra ke dukha se anya koI paramAtmA nahIM chuDa sakatA hai / apanA kAraNaparamAtmA hI apanI zakti ke bala para kArya paramAtmA (siddha) bana skegaa| yahAM kartA vAda kA niSedha karane ke lie granthakAra ne kahA hai ki na to koI paramAtmA aura na karma Adi tere banAne bigADane vAle haiM saMsAra kA anya koI bhI padArtha tere lie sAdhaka bAdhaka nahIM hai| unhoMne Atma puruSArtha kI prasiddhi karane ke lie upAdAna (nijazakti ) ko jAgRta karane kA saMdeza pravAhita kiyA hai| nija paramAtmA hI pratyeka prANi ke lie sAdhya hai aura vahI sAdhaka hai| sAdhaka hI usI kI sAdhanA se zaktirUpa kAraNaparamAtmA se vyaktirUpa kArya paramAtmA bana jAtA hai| nija paramAtmA kA jJAna karAne ke lie sabase pUrva pratyeka prANi ko bheda vijJAna karanA Avazyaka hai| kyoMki svapara bheda vijJAna ke binA usa nija paramAtmA kA jJAna kaise ho sakatA hai| ataH yogIndu deva kahate haiM
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________________ A. zAMtisAgarajI janmazatAbdi smRtigraMtha jIvAjIva ma ekku kari lakkha bhee~ mech| jo paru so paru bhaNami muni appA appu ameu // 30 // he bhAI ! tU jIva aura ajIva ko ekamata kr| ina donoM ko lakSaNa svabhAva bheda se jo deha kArya aura rAgAdi vikAra haiM unheM para mAna aura AtmA ko abheda mAna / kyoMki kabhI koI bhI dravya paradravya rUpapariNata nahIM ho sakatA hai| pratyeka dravya kA svabhAva aisA hI hai| jIva apanI ajJAnatA ke kAraNa do dravyoM kA saMkramaNa bhI mAnatA hai, kintu usake mAna lene se dravya apanA svabhAva kabhI tIna kAla meM bhI nahIM chor3a sakatA hai| dravya ke guNa aura usakI paryAya na bAharase AtI hai aura na nikalakara bAhara jAtI hai| do dravyoM meM paraspara meM na vyApya vyApaka aura na vAstavika kAraNa kArya saMbaMdha hai / mAtra vyavahAra se nirmitta naimittika sambandha hai| yahA~ granthakAra ne dravya kI apanI sImA aura svataMtratA kI ghoSaNA kI hai| jisake samajhane para hI AtmakalyANa prAraMbha hotA hai / paramAtma-prakAza meM do adhikAra haiM, unameM se prathama adhikAra meM trividhAtmA kI prarUpaNA hai / dvitIya adhikAra meM mokSa svarUpa kA varNana hai| isake racayitA yogIndu deva zrutadharoM kI usa zRMkhalA kI kaDI hai, jisameM AcArya kundakunda, amRtacandra, samantabhadra jaise prabhAvazAlI cintaka manISIyoM kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai, jina AcAryoM kI amara lekhanI kA sparza pAkara zruta sUrya ke prakAza kA saMvardhana huA hai / apane antaH prakAza se sahasro mAnavoM ke tamaHpUrNa jIvana meM jyoti kI zikhA prajvalita karanevAle aneka sAdhakoM aura santoM kA jIvana vRtta Aja bhI andhakAra meM hai| ye sAdhaka santa apane bhautika jIvana ke sambandha meM kucha kahanA yA likhanA anAvazyaka samajhate the / kyoMki adhyAtma jIvI ko bhautikajIvana se kucha prayojana nahIM raha jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja hama una manISIyoM ke jIvana ke sambandha meM prAmANika aura vistRtataH tathya jAnane se vaMcita raha jAte haiM / ataH unake jIvana vRtta ko jAnane ke liye kucha yatra tatra ke pramANoM kA Azraya lekara kalpanA kI uDAne bharate haiM yA atyalpa jJAtavya hI prApta kara pAte haiN| racayitA kA nAmakaraNa zrI yogIndu deva bhI eka aise sAdhaka aura kavi ho gaye haiM jinake viSaya meM prAmANika tathyoM kA abhAva hai| yahAM taka ki unake nAma, kAla nirNaya aura granthoM ke sambandha meM kAphI matabheda hai| paramAtma-prakAza meM unakA nAma 'joindu' AyA hai brahma deva 'paramAtma-prakAza' kI TIkA meM Apako sarvatra 'yogIndra' likhate haiN| zruta sAgara ne zrI 'yogIndradevanAmnA bhaTTArakeNa' kahA hai| paramAtmaprakAza' kI kucha pratiyoM meM yogendra' zabda AyA hai| yogasAra ke antima dohe meM jogicandra nAma AyA hai| Amera zAstra bhaNDAra kI evaM ToliyoM ke maMdira kI do hastalikhita pratiyoM meM 'iti yogendra deva kRtaprAkRta dohA ke Atmopadeza sampUrNa' likhA hai /
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________________ paramAtma-prakAza aura usake racayitA kavi ne apane ko 'joindu' yA 'jogacanda (jogicanda ) hI kahA hai| yaha paramAtma-prakAza aura yogasAra meM prayukta nAmoM se spaSTa hai| 'indu' aura 'candra' paryAyavAcI zabda hai| vyaktivAcI saMjJA ke paryAyavAcI prayoga bhAratIya kAvya meM pAye jAte haiM / DaoN. e. en. upAdhye ne bhAgendu (bhAgacanda) zubhendu (zubhacanda ) Adi uddharaNa dekara isa lakSya kI puSTi kI hai| zrI brahmadeva ne apanI TIkA meM 'joindu' kA saMskRta rUpAntara 'yogIndra' kara diyA hai| isI AdhAra para paravartI TIkAkAroM aura lipikAroM ne 'yogIndra ' zabda ko mAnyatA dI kintu yaha prayoga azuddha hai| kavi kA vAstavika nAma 'joindu' 'yogIndu' hI hai| grantha kA nirmANakAla nAmakaraNa ke samAna unake kAlanirNaya para bhI matabheda hai| vidvAnoM ne unako IsA kI chaTI zatAbdi se lekara bAravIM zatAbdi taka anumAnita kiyA hai hindi sAhitya ke prasiddha vidvAn A. hajArIlAla jI dvivedI Apako AThavI navIM zatAbdi kA mAnate haiN| zrI. madhusUdana modI dasavIM zatI tathA udayasiMha bhaTanAgara ne khoja kara likhA hai 'prasiddha jaina sAdhu joindu, jo mahAn vidvAna, vaiyAkaraNa aura kavi thA, saMbhavataH citauDa kA hI nivAsI thA isakA samaya dazamI zatI thA / hindI sAhitya ke prasiddha itihAsa bhAga 1 meM Apako gyArahavIM zatI se pUrva kA mAnA hai| DaoN. kAmatAprasAda jaina Apako bArahavIM zatAbdi kA purAnI hindI kA kavi mAnate haiM / zrI. e. en . upAdhyAya ne ukta tarkoM kA khaMDana karate hue yogIndu ko chaTI zatAbdi kA pramANita kiyA hai| ina matabhedoM ke kAraNa abhI taka sunizcita samaya kA nirNaya nahIM ho pAyA hai| hajArIprasAda jI dvivedI kA mata yaha hai kI isa zatAbdi ke yogiyoM kI bhASA aura bhAva se joindu kI bhASA aura bhAva milate julate haiN| isa zatAbdi meM hI bAhyAcAra kA virodha, Atmazuddhi para bala zarIrAdi se mamatva ke tyAga, tathA svasaMvedana ke AnaMda ke upabhoga kI pratiSThA rahI hai| kintu ve vidvAna jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa ko uThAkara dekheM to jainadharma ne hamezA Atma pratiSThA para bala diyA hai / aura pratyeka zatAbdi meM aise aneka jaina saMta hote rahe haiM, jinhoMne adhyAtma kA vizeSa pracAra evaM prasAra kiyA hai| rAhulajI ne Apako AThamI zatI kA mAnA hai| ve yogIndu kI mRtyu tithi bhI sana 780 mAnate haiN| AThavI zatAbdi ke prAraMbha meM eka taraha se sabhI dharmoM meM AdhyAtmika krAnti huI thI, jisameM AtmA aura paramAtmA ke viSaya meM vizeSa anveSaNa evaM vicAra vinimaya huA hai / rAhulajI ke ukta kathana se yahI dhvani nikalatI hai ki yogIndu muni AThavIM zatI se pUrva ke nahIM hai / bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI vicAra karanepara paramAtmA prakAza kA racanAkAla AThavIM zatI hI ThaharatA hai| isa graMtha kI bhASA apabhraMza hai / apabhraMza bhASA eka pariSkRta sAhityika bhASA ke rUpa meM kaba AI ? isapara bhI vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai| vaise apabhraMza zabda kAphI prAcIna hai kintu bhASA ke rUpa meM isakA prayoga chaTI zatAbdi se pUrva nahIM miltaa| (hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza kA yoga, pR. 6-DaoN. nAmavarasiMha / )
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________________ 180 A. zAMtisAgarajI janmazatAbdi smRtigraMtha saMskRta bhASA kliSTa thI, ataH usake pazcAt prAkRta, pAlI, apabhraMza kramazaH ati azliSTa hotI gaI / usameM saralIkaraNa kI pravRtti AtI gaI / dhAturUpa, kArakarUpa Adi kama hote gaye / apabhraMza taka Ate Ate bhASA kA azliSTa rUpa adhika spaSTa ho gyaa| yaha bhASA hindI ke ati nikaTa hai| zrI candradhara zarmA gulerI ne to apabhraMza ko purAnI hindI hI mAnA hai aura apabhraMza sAhitya ke aneka uddharaNoM kA vizleSaNa karake vaha isa niSkarSa para pahuMce hai kI yaha uddharaNa apabhraMza kahe jAya kintu yaha usa samaya kI purAnI hindI hI hai| vartamAna hindI sAhitya se unakA paraMparAgata saMbaMdha vAkya aura artha se sthAna sthAna para spaSTa hogA / ? (purAnI hindI, pR. 130) bhASA ke vikAsa meM sakrAnti yuga Aye haiM, jaba ki eka bhASA apane sthAna se cyuta hone lagatI hai aura dusarI bhASA usakA sthAna grahaNa karane ke liye sakriya ho uThatI hai| aise sakrAnti yuga, saMskRta, pAli, pAli-prAkRta, prAkRta-apabhraMza aura apabhraMza-hindI ke samaya meM Aye hai / chaTI zatAbdi ko prAkRtaapabhraMza kA saMkrAnti yuga mAnA jAtA hai jaba ki prAkRta ke sthAnapara apabhraMza sAhityika bhASA kA sthAna le rahI thI aura kavi gaNa apabhraMza kI ora jhuka rahe the| kintu abhI taka apabhraMza kA svarUpa niIta nahIM ho sakA thaa| usake aneka prayoga hindI jaise the| yogIndu muni ke paramAtma prakAza aura yogasAra kI jo bhASA hai use hama chaTI zatAbdi kI nahIM mAna sakate kyoM ki usa bhASA meM hindI jaisA atyadhika saralIkaraNa A gayA thA / dekhiye yogasAra ke dohe hindI ke kitane nikaTa haiM dehA diu je pari kahiyA te appaNu Na hohiM / iu jANe viNa jIva tuha appA appa muNe hi // 11 // cau rAzi lakkhahiM phirauM kAlu aNAI aNaMtu / para sammattu Na laddha jiya ehau jANi Ni maMtu // 21 // " hemacandra ne apane siddha hema zabdAnuzAsana meM AThave adhyAya meM prAkRta vyAkaraNa para vicAra kiyA hai| unhoMne vyAkaraNa kI vibhinna vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa pramANa rUpa meM apabhraMza racanAoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai / ye uddharaNa pUrvavartI evaM samakAlIna graMthakAroM kI racanAoM se liye gaye haiN| hemacanda kA samaya saM. 1145 se 1229 mAnA jAtA hai| adhikAMza uddharaNa AThavI navIM aura dazamI zatAbdi ke haiN| paramAtmaprakAza ke bhI tIna dohe thoDe aMtara ke sAtha hemacandra ke vyAkaraNa meM pAye jAte haiN| isa prakAra aisA pratIta hotA hai ki hemacandra ne AThavIM zatAbdi se 12 vIM zatAbdi taka kI apabhraMza para vicAra kiyA hai| ataH yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki yogIndu muni AThavIM zatAbdi ke aMta athavA navamI ke prAraMbha meM hue hoNge| DaoN. harivaMza kochaDa ne bhI yogIndu kA samaya AThavIM navamIM zatAbdi mAnA hai| unhoMne DaoN. upAdhye ke mata kA khaMDana karate hue likhA hai ki caNDa ke prAkRta lakSaNa meM paramAtmaprakAza kA eka dohA uddhRta kiyA huA milatA hai, jisake AdhAra para DaoN. upAdhye yogIndu kA samaya caNDa se pUrva chaThI zatAbdi mAnate haiM kintu saMbhava hai ki vaha dohA donoM ne kisI dusare srota se liyA ho| isaliye isa yukti se hama
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________________ paramAtma-prakAza aura usake racayitA 181 kisI nizcita nirNaya para nahIM pahuMca sakate / bhASA ke vicAra se yogIndu kA samaya AThavIM zatAbdi ke nikaTa pratIta hotA hai| " (apabhraMza sAhitya, pR. 268) granthakartA kI anya racanAeM yogIndu ke nAma kI taraha unakI racanAoM meM bhI matabheda hai| grantha paramparA se nimna likhita grantha unake racita kahe jAte haiM--1. paramAtmaprakAza, 2. yogasAra, 3. adhyAtma saMdoha, 4. naukAra zrAvakAcAra, 5. subhASita taMtra aura 6. tatvArthaTIkA / inake sivA yogIndu ke nAma para tIna grantha aura bhI prakAza meM A cuke haiM, unake nAma hai dauhA 1. pAhuDa, 2. amRtAzzIti, 3. nijAtmASTaka / inameM se 3-5-6 ke viSaya meM paricaya upalabdha nahIM hai / ____ amRtAzzIti preraNAtmaka upadeza pradhAna racanA hai| aMtima pada meM yogIndra zabda AyA hai| yaha racanA yogIndu muni kI hI hai, isakA koI nizcita pramANa nahIM hai| nijAtmASTaka prAkRta bhASA kA grantha hai| isake bhI racayitA kA bhI sunizcita nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sakA hai| naukAra, zrAvakAcAra aura sAvaya dhamma dohA meM zrAvakoM ke sadAcAra kA sundara varNana hai| inake racayitAoM meM tIna vyaktiyoM ke nAma lie jAte hai-yogIndu, lakSmIdhara aura devasena / hindI sAhitya ke bRhat itihAsa meM yogIndu ko sAvaya dhamma dohA kA racayitA pradarzita kiyA hai| ina kI katipaya hasta likhita pratiyoM meM 'jogendukRta' likhA hai / sAvaya dhamma dohA kI tIna hastalikhita pratiyAM aisI bhI haiM jisameM kavi kA nAma 'lakSmIcandra' likhA hai / isakA saMpAdana DaoN. hirAlAla jaina ne kiyA hai aura unhoMne usakI bhUmikA meM devasena ko granthakartA aneka pramANa dekara siddha kiyA hai| devasena dazamIM zatAbdi ke kavi the unhoMne darzanasAra aura bhAvasaMgraha Adi granthoM ko bhI racanA kI thii| ___dohA pAhuDa ' ke lie do racayitAoM kA nAma AtA hai / muni rAmasiMha aura yogIndu / DaoN. hirAlAlajI ne hI isakA saMpAdana kiyA hai| aura muni rAmasiMha ko isakA kavi mAnA hai| aba paramAtmaprakAza aura yogasAra hI aise grantha raha jAte haiN| jinake vAstavika racayitA yogIndu muni ko mAnA jA sakatA hai / paramAtmaprakAza ke do adhikAroM meM 337 dohe haiN| isameM sarvatra apane ziSya prabhAkara bhaTTa ke jJAna saMpAdanArtha evaM usake AtmalAbhArtha saMbodhana kiyA gayA hai| racanA ke prAraMbha meM prabhAkara bhaTTa ne saMsAra dukha se chUTane ke upAya kI jijJAsA prakaTa kI thI, usI ke phalasvarUpa isa paramAtma-prakAza kI racanA kI gaI hai|