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________________ pANinIya aura zAkaTAyanavyAkaraNa : tulanAtmaka vivecana DaoN0 vAgIza zAstrI, nidezaka, anusandhAna saMsthAna, sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI lokameM pANinIya vyAkaraNakI pratiSThA usako saMkSipta zailI tathA sarvAGgapUrNatAke kAraNa huI / pUrvavartI ativistRta aindra ityAdi vyAkaraNoMko alpa medhAvI chAtra kaNThastha nahIM kara pAte the / kucha aise vyAkaraNa the, jo kevala viziSTa prakaraNoMke hI niyama batAte the| ataH sarvAGgapUrNatAke na honeke kAraNa kevala unake adhyayanase chAtra vyAkaraNake sampUrNa niyamoMko nahIM jAna pAte the| aisI sthitimeM IsApUrva pA~cavoM zatAbdIke lagabhaga pANinine pUrvavartI sampUrNa vyAkaraNoMkA anuzIlana karake saMkSipta, sAGgopAGga ( vedalokobhayAtmaka) sandeharahita vyAkaraNa banAyA aura use 3779 sUtroMmeM bA~dha diyaa| dhAtUpATha, gaNapATha, uNAdi, nAmAliGgAnuzAsana, zikSA ityAdi usake khilapATha haiM / kintu samprati upalabdha uNAdi pANinikA nahIM hai| pANinine bhUta, bhaviSya, vartamAna ityAdi kAloMkI koI paribhASA nahIM banAI / unase loka paricita thaa| ataH unakI paribhASAe~ dekara vyAkaraNakA kalevara bar3hAnA pANinine ucita nahIM samajhA / 'liGgamaziSyaM lokAzrayatvAta, kaha kara pANinine liGgakA anazAsana karanA bhI ucita nahIM smjhaa| ataH unake nAma para prApta liGgAnuzAsana vicAraNIya hai / itanI sUkSmekSikA rakhane para bhI pANinikI kevala aSTAdhyAyI saMskRta vyAkaraNake sampUrNa niyamoMkA bodha karAne meM samartha nahIM ho skii| tadartha kAtyAyanako aSTAdhyAyIke sUtroM para vAttika likhane par3e tAki usameM chUTe niyamoMkA jJAna ho ske| kintu jaba pANinIya sUtroM para kevala kAtyAyanIya vAttikoMke race jAne mAtrase usakI lokopayogitA siddha nahIM haI, taba pataJjaliko apanA mahAbhASya likhanA pdd'aa| pANinine sUtroMkI saMkSiptatAkA Azraya isalie liyA thA ki jijJAsu jana alpa samayameM saMskRta vyAkaraNakA jJAna kara skeN| kintu yaha 'trimunivyAkaraNam' itanA pRthula ho gayA ki bAraha varSoM meM adhyayana kara pAtA thA, jo vizAla saMskRta vAGmayameM praveza karaneke lie sAdhanamAtra thaa| candragomIke anantara jaina sampradAyakA isa ora dhyAna gayA aura sarvataH prathama pUjyapAda jainendrane chaThI zatAbdImeM 'trimanivyAkaraNa ke AdhArapara jainendra vyAkaraNakI racanA kii| yadyapi isameM pANinIya vyAkaraNase bhI prAcIna vyAkaraNoMke tattva surakSita haiM, tathApi sampUrNa racanA para pANinIya vyAkaraNakA prabhAva spaSTa hai / jisa uddezyako lekara jainendra vyAkaraNa kI racanA kI gayI thI, vaha siddha nahIM huaa| saMskRta bhASAko sarala prakriyAse sikhA denevAle vyAkaraNakI pratIkSA jijJAsU taba bhI kara rahe the| yadyapi zarvavarbhAne prathama zatAbdImeM prakriyAtmaka paddhati para Azrita vyAkaraNakI racanA kara mArga dikhA diyA thA, tathApi 'trimunivyAkaraNa' kI kasauTI para lokane use kharA nahIM pAyA thaa| phalataH vaha sarvatra ekacchatra rUpameM pracAra nahIM pA skaa| tIna sau varSoM ke anantara zvetAmbarIya jaina vidvAna mahAzramaNa-saMghAdhipati pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyanane 'zAkaTAyanavyAkaraNa' kI racanA kara pUrvavartI laukika vyAkaraNoMkI nyUnatAoMko dUra karanekA prayatna kiyA -251
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________________ tathA use sarvAGgapUrNa banAnekA stutya kArya kiyaa| laukika saMskRtake niyamoMko saMkSepa, saralatA aura sampUrNatAkI dRSTise batAneke lie unhoMne isakI racanA kI thii| saralatAkI dRSTise zAkaTAyanane apane vyAkaraNameM pANinIya aSTAdhyAyIke do sUtroMse lekara nau sUtroM takake sthAna para kevala eka sUtrakI racanA bar3I hI kuzalatAse kara dI hai / unakA vargIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai : 1. do sUtroMke sthAnapara eka sUtra / yathApANini-'vRddhasya ca pUjAyAm' (4 / 1 / 166), 'yUnazca kutsAyAm' (4 / 1 / 167) zAkaTAyana-'yuvaM vRddhaM kutsArthe' (1 / 1 / 16) pANini-'puro'vyayam' (1 / 4 / 67), 'astaM ca' (1 / 4 / 68) zAkaTAyana-'astaM puro'vyayam' (1 / 1 / 29) pANini-'SaSThI sthAneyogA' (1 / 1 / 49), 'alo'ntyasya' (1 / 1 / 52) zAkaTAyana-'SaSTyAH sthAne'nte laH' (1 / 1 / 47) pANini-'Dho Dhe lopaH' (8 / 3 / 13), 'ro ri' (8 / 3 / 14) zAkaTAyana-'dro Dhi' (1 / 1 / 131) 2. do sUtroMke sthAna para do mizrita sUtra / yathApANini-'pUraNaguNasuhitArthasadavyayatavyasamAnAdhikaraNena' (2 / 2 / 11), ___ 'tena ca pUjAyAm' (2 / 2 / 12) zAkaTAyana-'tRptArthAvyayanirdhAryaDacchavAnazmatipUjAdhAraktaH' (2 / 1 / 50) 'guNairasvasthaiH' (2 / 1 / 51) pANini- 'gharUpakalpacela vagotramatahateSu Gyo'nekAco hrasvaH' (6 / 3 / 43), 'ugitazca' (6 / 3 / 45) zAkaTAyana-rUpakalpaGgotramatahatacelaDbru ve hrasvazca vogitaH' (2 / 2 / 52), 'Gyo'nekAcaH' (2 / 2 / 53) 3. tIna sUtroMke sthAna para eka sUtra / yathApANini-'manaH' (4 / 1 / 11), ano bahuvrIheH' (4 / 1 / 12), 'DAbubhAbhyAmanyarasyAm' (4 / 1 / 13) zAkaTAyana-'mannanbahuvrIhenna ca' (1 / 3 / 12) pANini-'sambodhane ca' (2 / 3 / 47), 'sAmantritam' (2 / 3 / 48), ekavacanaM sambuddhiH' (2 / 3 / 49) zAkaTAyana-'Amantrye' (1 / 3 / 99) pANini-'nadIpaurNamAsyAgrahAyaNIbhyaH' (5 / 4 / 110), 'jhayaH (5 / 4 / 111), 'girezca senakasya' (5 / 4 / 112) zAkaTAyana-'girinadIpaurNamAsyAgrahAyaNIjayaH' (2 / 1 / 155) - 252 -
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________________ 4. tIna sUtroMke sthAna para do sUtra / yathA pANini - 'tasmai prabhavati saMtApAdibhyaH' (5 / 1 / 101), 'yogAdyacca' (5 / 1 / 102), 'karmaNa ukaLU' (5|1|103) zAkaTAyana--'yogAdaye zakte' ( 3 / 2 / 91), 'yogyakArmuka' ( 3 / 2 / 92) 5. cAra sUtroMke sthAna para eka sUtra / yathA-- pANini - 'zUlokhAdyat' (4/2/17), 'dadhnaSThak' (4 / 2 / 18), 'udazvito'nyatarasyAm' (4/2/19), 'kSIrADDhaJ (4 / 2 / 20 ) zAkaTAyana--'zalyokhyakSaireyadAdhikaudazvitkaudazvitam ' (2 / 4 / 238) 6. pA~ca sUtroMke sthAna para eka sUtra / yathA - pANini -' idamohil' (5 / 3 / 16), 'adhunA' (5 / 3 / 17), 'dAnIM ca ' ( 5 / 3 / 18) 'sadyaH' (5 / 3 / 22), samAnasya sabhAva: (vA0 ) zAkaTAyana --sadaitadhunedAnIntadAnIM sadyaH ( 3 / 4 / 19 ) pANini - 'samayAcca yApanAyAm ' ( 5 / 4 / 60), 'duHkhAt prAtilomye' (5|4|64), 'niSkulAnniSkoSaNe' (62), 'zUlAt pAke' (5 / 4 / 65), satyAdazapathe (5 / 4 / 66 ) / zAkaTAyana - 'duHkha niSkUlazUlasamaya satyAt prAtikUlyaniSkoSapAkayApanAzapathe' ( 3 / 4 / 53) 7. cha: sUtroMke sthAna para eka sUtra / yathA - pANini- 'mUrtI ghanaH' ( 3 / 3 / 77), 'uddhano'tyAdhAnam' ( 3 / 3 / 80), 'japaghano'Ggam ' ( 3 / 3 / 81), 'upaghna Azraye' (3 / 3 / 85), 'saMghoddhau gaNaprazaMsayo:' ( 3 / 3 / 86), 'nigho nimittam' (3 / 3 / 87) zAkaTAyana - 'ghanoddhanApaghanopadhnanighoddhasaMghA mUrtyatyAdhAnA GgAsannanimittaprazastagaNA: ' ( 4 |4| 20 ) / 8. ATha sUtroMke sthAna para eka sUtra / yathA pANini----veH zAlacchaGkaTacau' (5 / 2 / 28), 'samprodazca kaTac' (5 / 2 / 29), 'avAt kuTAracca' (30), 'nate nAsikAyAH saMjJAyAM TITa nATajbhraTaca: ' ( 5 / 2131), 'neviDajvirIsacau' (32), 'inac piccikaci ca' (33), klinnasya cila pil (vA0 ), upAdhibhyAM tyakannAsannArUDhayoH (34) zAkaTAyana - 'vizAlavizaGkaTa vikaTasaMkaTotkaTa prakaTanikaTAvakaTAva kuTArAvaTITAvanATAvabhraTanibiDanibirIsacikkacikinacipiTacillapillacullopatyakAdhityakAH ' ( 3|3|106 ) 9. nau sUtroMke sthAna para eka sUtra / yathA-- pANini - ' vazaM gataH ' ( 4 | 3 |86), 'dharmapathyarthanyAyAdanapete' ( 4|4|12), 'mUlamasyA bahi' (88), 'saMjJAyAM ghenuSyA' ( 414189), 'saMjJAyAM janyA:' ( 4/4/82), 'gRhapatinA saMyukta JyaH' (90), 'nauvayodharmaviSamUlamUlasI tAtu lAbhyastAyaMtu lyaprApyavadhyAnAmyasamasamita saMmiteSu' (91), 'hRdayasya priya:' ( 4|4|95), ' bandhane carSoM' ( 4/4/96 ) zAkaTAyana--' vazyapathyavayasyadhenuSyagArhapatya janyadharmyahRdya mUlyam ' ( 3 / 2 / 195) / - 253 -
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________________ eka ora jahA~ zAkaTAyanane pANinike eka niyamavAle choTe-choTe kaI sUtroMke sthAna para apane lambelambe sUtra banAkara saralatA lA dI hai, vahIM dUsarI ora unhoMne pANinike lambe sUtroMko tor3akara unake sthAna para kaI choTe-choTe sUtra banA diye haiM / unakA vargIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai 1. eka sUtrake sthAna para do sUtra / yathA pANini-~~'rAjAhaH sakhibhyaSTac' (5/4191 ) zAkaTAyana-'rAjan sakhe : ' (2 / 1 / 169), 'ahnaH ' (2 / 1 / 179 ) pANini - 'nityamasic prajAmedhayo:' ( 5|4|122) zAkaTAyana-'asprajAyA: ' (2 / 1 / 197), 'alpAcca medhAyAH ' (2|1|198 ) pANini--' pUtikukSikalazivastyastyaherdvaj' (44356) zAkaTAyana - 'dRtikukSikalazivastyaheN' (3|1|118), 'Asteyam' ( 3 / 1 / 119) pANini-'yattadetebhyaH parimANe vatup ' ( 5 / 2 / 39 ) zAkaTAyana - 'etado vo ghaH' ( 3 / 3 / 69), 'yattadaH ' ( 3 | 3|70 ) pANini - 'bahugaNavatuDati saMkhyA' (1 / 1 / 23) zAkaTAyana - 'ghaDDati saMkhyA (11119), 'bahugaNaM bhede' (1 / 1 / 10 ) hANini - 'Adyantau Takitau' (1|1|46) zAkaTAyana -- 'TidAdiH ' (1 / 1 / 53), 'kidantaH ' (1 / 1 / 54 ) pANini --- 'nAvyayIbhAvAdato'mtvapaJcamyAH' (20483 ) zAkaTAyana - 'nAtaH' (1 / 2 / 156), 'amapaJcamyAH ' (1 / 2 / 157 ) pANini- 'tRtIyAsaptamyorbahulam' (204384) zAkaTAyana-' - 'tRtIyA vA' (1 / 2158), 'saptamyAH ' (1 / 2 / 159) pANini--' pRthagvinAnAnAbhistRtIyA'nyatarasyAm' (2 / 3 / 32 ) zAkaTAyana -' pRthagnAnA tRtIyA ca' (1 / 3 / 192), vinemAstisraH ' (1 / 3 / 193 ) pANini - 'nisamupavibhyo hna : ' (1 / 3 / 30 ) zAkaTAyana -- 'sanniveH' (1 / 4 / 30), 'upAt' (1 / 4 / 31 ) pANini - 'RkpUrabdhUH pathAmAnakSe' (5 / 4 / 74 ) zAkaTAyana-'RkpUHpathyapot' (2 / 1 / 139), 'ghuro nakSasya ' (2 / 1 / 140 ) 2. eka sUtrake sthAna para tIna sUtra / yathA - pANini -- ' vibhASA vRkSamRgatRNadhAnyavyaJjanapazuzakunyazvavaDava pUrvAparAdharottarANAm ' (2 / 4 / 12 ) zAkaTAyana - ' azvavaDavapUrvAparAdharottarAH' (201195 ), ( pazuvyaJjanAni ( 2 / 1 / 96), 'tarutRNadhAnyamRgapakSibahvarthAMza:' ( 2 / 1 / 97 ) pANini - ' dANDinAyanahAstinAyanAtharvaNikajaihmAzineyavAzinAyanibhrauNahatyadhaivatyasAravakSvAkamaitreyahiraNmayAni' (6 / 4 / 174) zAkaTAyana - 'daNDihastina: phe' (2|3|59), 'vAzijihyAzyadhvAtharvayUnaH phiDhakhaThAke ( 2 / 3 / 60), 'bhrauNahatyadhaivatyasAravaikSvAka maitreya hiraNmayam' (2 / 3 / 112) 254 -
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________________ 3. eka sUtrake sthAna para cAra sUtra / yathApANini-'acaturavicaturasucaturastrIpuMsadhenvanaDuhamivAGamanasAkSibhuvadAragavo rvaSThIvapadaSThIvanakta ndivarAtrindivAhadivasarajasaniHzreyasapuruSAyuSavyAyuSatryAyuSaya'juSajAtokSavRddhokSopazunago SThazvAH ' (5 / 4 / 77) zAkaTAyana-'jAtamahavRddhAdukSNaH karmadhArayAt' (2 / 1 / 159), 'striyAH puMso dvandvAcca' (159), 'dhenvanaDuhargyajuSAhorAtranaktandivarAtrindivAhadivorvaSThIvapadaSThIvAkSi dhruvadAragavam'(160) 4. do sUtroMke sthAna para pA~ca sUtra / yathApANini- 'zamityaSTAbhyo ghinuN' (3 / 2 / 141), 'sampRcAnurughAGyamAGyasaparisRsaMsRjaparidevi saMjvaraparikSipaparisRpakhidaparidahaparimuhaduSadviSahaduhayujAkrIDavivicatyajarajabhajAticarA pacarAmuSAbhyAhanazca' (3 / 2 / 142) zAkaTAyana-'zamaSTakaduSadviSadruhaduhayujatyajarajabhajAbhyAhanAnurudho ghinan' (4 / 3 / 242), 'AGaH krIDyaM yasmuSaH' (4 / 3 / 243), 'samaH pRcsRjajvaro'karmakAt' (4 / 3 / 244), 'caro'tau ca, (4 / 3 / 247), 'pareH sRvaddahamuhaH' (4 / 3 / 249) anuvRtti, vikalpoM, arthavizeSoM tathA nipAtanoMkI dRSTise zAkaTAyanake ina prayAsoMkA vistRta adhyayana atyAvazyaka hai| zAkTAyana vyAkaraNameM eka sau sATha sUtra aise haiM jo pANinIya sUtroMke tulyavartanIka haiN| unameM kucha lambe sUtra bhI hai / isa prakArake sUtroMke viSayameM bhI yaha adhyetavya hai ki zAkaTAyanane jisa prakriyAse pANinIya sUtroMko tor3akara kaI sUtra banAye haiM kyA usa prakriyAse ina samAnavartanIka sUtroMke lambe sUtroMkA yogavibhAga kiyA jA sakatA hai ? ___apane vyAkaraNako pRthulatAse bacAneke liye zAkaTAyanane pANinIya vyAkaraNakI bhA~ti vArtikoMko alaga nahIM paDhA / kAtyAyana racita vAttikoMmeM bikhare sabhI niyamoMko zAkaTAyanane satroMmeM nibaddha kara liyA tAki adhyetAoMko pathakzaH vAttikoMke smaraNakI AvazyakatA na pdd'e| vAtti koMke ina niyamoMke liye zAkaTAyanane svatantra sUtroMkI racanA nahIM kii| kintu sambaddha sUtroMmeM hI vAtti koMke niyama pacA liye haiN| lagabhaga tIna sau sUtra aise haiM jo kevala vArtikoMke sthAna para banAye gaye haiM / zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa meM adhika saMkhyA aise sUtroMkI hai, jinameM pANinIya sUtroMko bar3I sUjha-bUjhake sAtha saMkSipta kara diyA gayA hai| aisA karane para viSayavastu meM koI antara nahIM A pAyA hai| aise sUtroMkI saMkhyA lagabhaga pandraha sau hai / pANinIya vyAkaraNakA sampUrNa tattva pAtaJjala mahAbhASyameM nihita hai / zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNakA anuzIlana karanese jJAta hotA hai ki pAlyakIrtine mahAbhASyakA kitanA talasparzI jJAna prApta kiyA thA aura ve usameM kitane nadISNa ho gaye the| unhoMne apane satroMmeM mahAbhASyakI iSTiyAM tathA usake sabhI vacana yA pacA liye haiM / iSTiyoMkI saMkhyA adhika nahIM milatI, para bhASyavacanoMkI saMkhyA lagabhaga paiMtIsa hai / zAkaTAyana ne unheM chA~Takara sUtrabaddha kara diyA hai / pANinIya vyAkaraNameM gaNasUtra bhI vidyamAna haiM, jinakA adhyayana adhyetAko sUtroM tathA vArtikoMse alaga karanA par3atA hai / zAkaTAyanane unake niyamoMko bhI yathAsthAna sUtrabaddha kara liyA hai /
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________________ jisaprakAra pANinine pUrva pracalita sampUrNa vyAkaraNoMkA parizIlana kara apanA svopajJa vyAkaraNa banAyA thA, usI prakAra kAzikAkArane apane kAlameM pracalita sampUrNa vRttiyoMkA anuzIlana kara kAzikAvRtti kI racanA kI thii| ataH mahAbhASyake anantara kAzikAvRttikA adhika mahattva hai / vyAkaraNa-niyamoMkI pUrtike lie vaha vyAkaraNa zRMkhalAkI eka kar3I hai / isake mahattvako samajha kara pAlyakIrtine kAzikAvRttike lagabhaga cAlIsa mahattvapUrNa vacanoMke bhI sUtra banA diye haiM / pANinIya vyAkaraNakI apekSA zAkaTAyanane dhAtUpAThameM bhI vaiziSTaya rakhA hai| ( kRdanta prakaraNameM ) pANinIya sAdhita zabdoMke atirikta zabdoMkI siddhiyA~ zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNameM dRSTigocara hotI hai ( draSTa0'gocarasaMcara0' sUtrameM 'khala' 'bhaga' zabda ) / itanI adhika sAmagrIko zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNameM kala 3236 satroMmeM hI sanniviSTa kara denekA camatkArI prayatna haA hai / yakSavarmAne apanI vyAkhyAmeM ThIka hI likhA hai-'yannehAsti na tat kvacit' / eka dinameM 9 sUtroMkA smaraNa karane para eka varSa meM sampUrNa vyAka raNakA jJAna zakya hai / lakSya-lakSaNa milakara vyAkaraNa banatA hai / pANini, kAtyAyana, pataJjali tathA kAzikAkArake anantara pAlyakIrtike samayakI saMskRta bhASAmeM mahattvapUrNa parivartana avazya hue the| boddhoM aura jainoM dvArA race gaye granthoMkI saMskRta bhASA apanA vyaktitva liye hue thii| isake atirikta ziSTa samudAyameM bolI jAne vAlI saMskRtameM bhI paryApta parivartana hue hoMge / zAkaTAyanake AmUlacUla parizIlanase inakA patA calatA hai / isa prakAra hamane dekhA ki zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNane saMskRta bhASAke adhyayanameM bahata bar3A sahayoga pradAna kiyA hai / apane paravartI vaiyAkaraNoMko preraNA pradAna kI hai / hemacandrane apane vyAkaraNameM zAkaTayanavyAkaraNa ke katipaya sUtroMko avikala gRhIta kara liyA hai / sUtrAnusArI vyAkaraNoMmeM prakriyA-paddhatikI nIMva DAlane kA zreya zAkaTAyanako hI hai| yadyapi adhyAyoMmeM vibhakta honeke kAraNa yaha vyAkaraNa adhyAyAnusArI hI hai, tathApi adhyAyoMkI vyavasthA viSayAnusAriNI hai / samAsAnta sUtroMko tatpuruSasamAsake niyamoMke anantara par3hA gayA hai| prakiyAkaumudI ke racayitA rAmacandra tathA vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntakaumudIke racayitA bhaTTojidIkSitane apane granthomeM isI prakriyAkA anusaraNa kiyA hai| 'antikabADhayArnedasAdhauM ityAdi satroMke udAharaNoMkI parIkSAse isakA aura bhI nizcaya ho jAtA hai| itane upayogI vyAkaraNakA lokameM bhUyiSTha pracAra prApta na kara sakanekA kAraNa hai-dArzanika pRSThabhUmikA abhAva / usake lie bhartRhari jaise dArzanikakI apekSA thI / 4 SODA - 256 -