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________________ pichale dinoM janavarI-pharavarI 71 meM phinalaiNDa dezake nivAsI DaoN0 pArapolA dillI Aye hue the / unake viSaya meM sunA gayA, ki unhoMne moinjodar3o' aura har3appA lipi va bhASAko samajhane ke lie paryApta prayatna kiyA hai| DaoN0 mahodayakA yaha dAvA mAlUma huA ki ukta lipi va bhASAko samajhane meM unhoMne saphalatA prApta kara lI hai / isI dhAraNAko spaSTa kara leneke lie kendrIya purAtattva anusaMdhAna vibhAgake bhavana meM unake do pravacana hue, eka dinAMka 1-2-71 ko, tathA dUsarA 4-2-71 ko / pANinikAla evaM saMskRta meM dvivacana zrI udayavIra zAstrI, gAjiyAbAda / gAjiyAbAda nivAsI zrI kailAzacandra varmAke sahayogase pahale pravacanameM sammilita honekA mujhe suavasara prApta ho sakA / DaoN0 pArapolAkA kahanA hai ki, moinjodar3o aura har3appAkI lipi va bhASAkA kisI Arya lipi va bhASAse koI sambandha na hokara dravir3a lipi ba bhASAse sambandha hai / AryoMkI kisI lipi va bhASAkA prasAra bhAratameM AryoMke kahIM bAharase yahA~ Anepara huA / unake vicArase AryoMke bhAratameM AnekA kAla IsApUrva teraha sau varSase satraha sau varSake antarAlameM hai / usase pUrva yahA~ dravir3oMkA nivAsa thA, AryoMne Akara unheM khader3A, aura isa bhUbhAgapara apanA adhikAra jamA liyA / lipi va bhASAse sambandha hai, apane isa sAdhyako siddha karaneke lie prAcIna dravir3a lipike utkIrNa lekhoMmeM dvivacanakA prayoga dekhA jAtA bhI dvivacanakA prayoga hai, saMsArakI anya AryakulakI bhASAoM meM kevala bhAratIya AryoMkI saMskRta bhASA meM dvivacanakA prayoga hai, IsApUrva taba unhoMne yahA~kI pracalita bhASA dravir3a se bhASAmeM mUlarUpase dvivacanakI mAnyatA ukta lipi va bhASAkA dravir3a DaoN0 pArapolAne pramANa prastuta kiyaa| hai, moinjodar3o va har3appAkI bhASA meM dvivacanakA prayoga nahIM dekhA jAtA / satraha sau varSake anantara kAlameM jaba Arya bAharase bhAratameM Aye, apanI bhASAmeM dvivacana upAharaNa ( BORROW ) kiyA / moinjodar3o AdikI bhASAkA dravir3a bhASAse sambandha samajhane meM paryApta prabala pramANa hai / vicAra karanA cAhie, isa dhAraNA meM sacAI kI sambhAvanA kahA~ taka hai| DaoN0 pArapolAke bhASaNa ke anantara kahA gayA ki isa viSaya meM kisIko anya vaktavya ho, to kaha sakate haiM / purAtattva anusandhAna vibhAgake nidezaka DaoN0 bI0 bI0 lAla mahodayane prathama isa aMzapara prakAza DAlA, ki dravir3a bhASAke prAcIna utkIrNa lekhoMmeM dvivacanake prayogako isa dizA meM pramANarUpase prastuta karanA atyanta zithila hai, kAraNa yaha hai, ki dravir3a bhASAke abhI taka upalabdha lagabhaga byAlIsa abhilekhoM meM se kevala eka spaSTa aura dUsare ekameM aspaSTa dvivacanakA prayoga upalabdha hai, itanA atyalpa prayoga dravir3a bhASAmeM maulika rUpase dvivacanake prayogako mAnyatAke lie upayukta gavAhI nahIM hai / yaha adhika sambhava hai, dravir3a bhASAke kisI abhilekhameM anyatra se yaha udhAra liyA gayA ho / isa viSaya meM apane vicAra abhivyakta karaneke lie mujhe bhI avasara pradAna kiyA gayA / unhIM bhAvoMko yahA~ lipibaddha karanekA prayAsa I 1. isakA uccAraNa 'mohanajodar3o' azuddha hai / 'dar3o' yA 'dAr3o' do Dherako kahate haiM / idhara bhASA meM bhI Dherako 'dar3A' kahate haiM / 'jo' chaThI vibhaktikA cihna hai / 'moina' kA artha hai - mare hue| pUre padakA artha hai - 'mare huoM kA Dhera ' / itihAsa aura purAtattva : 137 18
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________________ bhASAmeM dvivacana-prayogakA itihAsa jAnaneke lie hameM saMskRta bhASAke vyAkaraNapara dRSTipAta karanA hogaa| upalabdha saMskRta vyAkaraNoMmeM AcArya pANinikA vyAkaraNa adhika pUrNa evaM mUrddhanya hai| isa vivecanake prasaMgase hamArA yaha samajhanekA mukhya lakSya hogA, ki pANinikA kAla kyA ho sakatA hai| isI AdhArapara yaha samajhane meM suvidhA ho sakegI, ki saMskRta bhASAmeM dvivacanakA prayoga udhAra liyA gayA hai, athavA vaha isI bhASAkA maulika rUpa hai / isa vivecanase pUrva eka aura bAta samajha lenA upayukta hogaa| kahA jAtA hai, AryakUlakI bhASAoMmeM sivAya saMskRtake anyatra kahIM dvivacanakA prayoga nahIM hai| kalpanA kI jAtI hai, saMskRta aura usake samakakSakI yuropIya bhASAoMkI jananI koI, eka anya bhASA prAcIna kAlameM rahI hogI, jisameM dvivacanake prayogakA abhAva thaa| usIke anukUla usase vikRta va parivartita honevAlI, yuropIya bhASAoM meM dvivacanakA abhAva rahA / usI prAcIna ajJAta bhASAse vikRta va parivartita honevAlI saMskRtameM yaha kahoMse udhAra liyA gayA hai| ___ isa kathana kI yathArthatAko samajhaneke lie hama bhAratakI vartamAna bhASAoMkI ora vidvAn pAThakoMkA dhyAna AkarSita karanA cAhate haiN| isa viSayameM saMbhavataH kinhIM bhI vicAraka vidvAnoMkA matabheda na hogA, ki dakSiNa bhAratakI bhASAoMko isa vivecyakI sImAmeM na lAkara uttara bhAratakI jitanI prAntIya bhASA hai, una sabakA mUla saMskRta hai| ina bhASAoMmeM marAThI, koMkaNI, gujarAtI, kAThiyAvAr3I, rAjasthAnI, paMjAbI, kazmIrI, kanaurI, siramaurI, gar3havAlI, kumAyUMbI, hindI (hindIke avAntara-bheda-zUrasenI, mAgadhI, avadhI Adi),utkala, baMgalA, asamiyA AdikA samAveza hai| ye saba bhASA saMskRta bhASAse vibhinna dhArAoM meM parivattita va vikRta hotI huI apane vartamAna rUpameM pahu~cI haiM / inakA mUla saMskRta honepara bhI inameM se kisI bhASAmeM dvivacanakA prayoga nahIM hai / kyA isa AdhArapara yaha kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai, ki ina bhASAoMkA mUla koI anya aisI prAcIna bhASA rahI hogI, jisameM dvivacanake prayogakA abhAva thA ? vastutaH aisI kalpanA nirAdhAra hI hogii| isoke anusAra kyA yaha sujhAva diyA jA sakatA hai ki bhAratIya bhASAoMke samAna AryakulakI anya yuropIya Adi bhASAoMkA mUla saMskRta hai| apanI vibhinna paristhitiyoM evaM parivartanakAlakI AvazyatAoMko dekhate hue ina bhASAoMmeM dvivacanake prayogako tyAga diyA gayA / astu, jo ho, isa samaya yUropIya bhASAoMkI jananIkA vivecana isa lekhakA lakSya nahIM hai / hameM dekhanA cAhie, bhAratameM saMskRta bhASAke prayogakA vaha kauna sA kAla saMbhava hai, jaba yaha kahA jA sake, ki usameM dvivacanakA prayoga dravir3a bhASAse udhAra liyA gayA, athavA usakA apanA molika rUpa hai| saMskRta bhAratIya AryoMkI bhASA rahI hai| vyAkaraNa sadA sarvasAdhAraNa janatAmeM vyavahRta honevAlI bhASAkA huA karatA hai| ati prAcInakAlameM saMskRtake aneka vyAkaraNoMkA patA lagatA hai, parantu isa samaya saMskRtakA sarvopari mUrdhanya vyAkaraNa pANini AcAryakA banAyA huA hai| vyAkaraNameM nirdiSTa zabda prayogoMkI racanAke AdhArapara yaha nizcita rUpase kahA jA sakatA hai, ki pANinine yaha vyAkaraNa usa samaya banAyA, jaba uttara athavA pazcimottara bhArata kI sarvasAdhAraNa janatA--apaThita janatA bhI--saMskRta bhASAkA prayoga karatI thI / pANinine apanI racanA aSTAdhyAyImeM zatazaH aise prayogoMke sAdhutvakA ullekha kiyA hai, jo nitAMta grAmya evaM prAyaH apaThita janatAke vyavahAropayogI haiM / katipaya prayoga isa prakAra haiM (1) zAka Adi becanevAle kUjar3e bikrIkI suvidhAke lie pAlaka, mUlI, methI, dhaniyA~, podInA Adi kI gaDDI bA~dhakara mUlyake anusAra Ajakala AvAz2a lagAte haiM,-paisA-paisA, do-do paisA Adi / pANini kAlameM aisA vyavahAra saMskRta bhASAmeM hotA thaa| usake lie-'malakapaNaH, zAkapaNaH,dhAnyakapaNaH' Adi 138 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
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________________ prayogoMke sAdhatvakA nirdeza pANinine eka sUtra 'nityaM paNaH parimANe' (3-3-66)meM kiyA hai| ina padoMkA prayoga bAjArameM zAka-bhAjI becanevAle kiyA karate the| (2) isI prakAra rasoI banAnevAle pAcaka, khetI karanevAle kisAnake dainika prayogameM AnevAle padoMke sAdhutva kA nirdeza anekatra yathAprasaMga aSTAdhyAyI (4.2.16-20 tathA 4.4.22-26)meM pANinine kiyA hai| una nirdezoM ke anusAra dahI yA maThese banA khAdya 'dAdhikama, audarivatkam' kahA jAtA thA, namakIna zAkarasako 'lavaNaH sUpaH' kahate the| (3) kisAnoMke dhAnyopayogI vibhinna kSetroMke vAcaka--preyaGgavInam, baiheyam, yavyam, tailInam, tilyam, Adi padoMke sAdhutvakA nirdeza pANinine aSTAdhyAyI (5.2.1-4)meM kiyA hai| grAmINa kisAna jina khetoMmeM vibhinna anAja bote the, una khetoMke lie ina padoMkA prayoga karate the| (4) isI prakAra kapar3e raMganevAle ra~garejoMke vyavahArameM AnevAle 'mAjiSTham, kASAyam, lAkSikam, rocanikam' Adi padoMke sAdhutvake lie pANinine 'tena raktaM rAgAt, lakSArocanA?k' (aSTA0 4.2.1-2) Adi sUtra kahe haiM / (5) isa viSayameM do sthaloMkA aura ullekha kiyA jAtA hai, jo vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya haiN| vyAsa nadIse uttara aura dakSiNa kI ora bane kUoMke nAma, banAnevAloMke nAmase vyavahRta hote the| dattakA banavAyA huA kuAM 'dAttaH' kahA jAtA thaa| aura guptakA banavAyA huA 'gauptaH' (aSTA0 4.2.74, udak ca vipaashH)| nadIke dAnoM orake pradezoMmeM vyavahRta honevAle ina padoMkA svarUpa samAna thA, parantu donoM orake uccAraNameM thor3A antara thaa| uttarakI orake loga padake antima akSarapara jora dete the arthAt ve ina padoMkA antodAtta uccAraNa karate the tathA nadIke dakSiNakI orake nivAsI ina padoMke pahale akSarapara jora dete the, arthAt ve ina padoMkA AdhudAtta uccAraNa karate the| usa pradezameM nivAsa karanevAlI sAdhAraNa janatA dvArA ina padoMke uccAraNakI vizeSatApara AcArya pANinine dhyAna dekara antodAtta uccAraNake lie 'aJ' pratyaya aura AdhudAtta uccAraNake lie 'aN' pratyayakA vidhAna kiyA, jisase padoMkA svarUpa samAna rahe, aura uccAraNakA antara spaSTa kiyA jA sake / kAzikAkArane sUtra (4.2.74)kI vyAkhyA karate hue pANinike viSayameM likhA hai-'mahatI sUkSmekSikA vartate sUtrakArasya' apane kAlakI lokabhASAke viSayameM AcArya pANinikA itanI gaharAI va sUkSmatAse vicAra karanA Azcaryajanaka hai, jo padoMke uccAraNa bhedako bhI abhivyakta karanekA dhyAna rakhakara usake lie niyamita vyavasthA kara dii| (6) anya eka prasaMgameM pANinine kahA-jAtike eka honese jAtivAcaka padakA ekavacanameM prayoga prApta hotA hai, parantu lokabhASAmeM ekavacana aura bahuvacana donoM rUpoMmeM dekhA jAtA hai, usI ke anusAra AcAryane una padoMke sAdhutvakA nirdeza kiyA-'jAtyAkhyAyAmekasmin bahuvacanamanyatarasyAm' (aSTA0 1.2.58) jaise-'yavaH sampannaH, yavAH sampannAH / brIhiH sampannaH, brIyaH sampannAH', Aja bhI kisAna yahI prayoga karatA hai-jo paka gayA, jau paka gaye, kATa ddaalo| dhAna paka gayA, dhAna paka gaye, ityAdi / Ajake aura pANinikAlake vyavahArameM koI antara nahIM, kevala bhASAmeM antara hai| AjakA kisAna hindI bolatA hai, usa samayakA saMskRta bolatA thaa| usI vyavahArake anurUpa pANinine niyamoM kA nirdeza kiyaa| pANini vyAkaraNakI ukta antaHsAkSiyoMke AdhArapara yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki pANinike kAlameM itihAsa aura purAtattva : 139
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________________ saMskRta loka vyavahAra meM AnevAlI janasAdhAraNakI bhASA thI / pANinike yathArtha kAlakA paricaya prApta karaneke lie isa sthitipara dhyAna denA hogA / Aja pANinikA kAla IsApUrva pAMcavIM chaThI zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai, isa vicArako prastuta karane vAle vidvAnoM kA kahanA yaha hai, ki pANinikA kAla IsApUrva pA~cavIM chaThIM zatIke aura idhara nahIM khIMcA jA sakatA, lihAjA vahI samaya mAna liyA gayA / bhagavAn buddhakA bhI tathAkathita kAla yahI mAnA jAtA hai / para yaha sarvasammata nirvivAda satya hai, ki bhagavAn buddhake tathAkathita kAlameM uttara athavA pazcimottara bhArata ke nivAsI sarvasAdhAraNakI bhASA saMskRta nahIM thii| usa samaya janasAdhAraNake vyavahArako bhASA pAlI athavA prAkRta thI / usa samayakA bauddha sAhitya isI bhASAmeM upalabdha hotA hai bhagavAn buddhane apane vicAroMke sAdhAraNa janatAmeM pracAra-prasArake lie usI bhASAkA avalambana kiyA, jo janatA ke vyavahArako bhASA thI / isalie pANini kA vaha kAla honA kisI prakAra saMbhava nahIM hai / isa tathya ko sabhI vidvAn svIkAra karate hai, ki usa kAlakI pAlI va prAkRta bhASA usase prAktanakAla kI janabhASA saMskRtakA hI vikRta rUpa hai / saMskRta bhASA se prAkRtakA vaha rUpa vikRta hone meM kitanA samaya lagA hogA, isakA nizcayapUrvaka kaha sakanA to kaThina hai, para moTA andArA eka AdhArapara lagAyA jA sakatA hai| khajurAhoMmeM utkIrNa lipi va usakI bhASA vartamAna nAgarI lipi va hindI bhASAse bahuta samAnatA rakhatI hai, usa bhASAko vartamAna rUpameM Aneke lie lagabhaga eka sahasra varSa laga gaye haiN| saMskRta aura buddhakAlakI prAkRta bhASAmeM usase bhI kahIM adhika antara hai| saMskRtako vikRta va parivartana hokara usa rUpameM Ane ke lie kamase kama hajAra - bAraha sau varSakA samaya avazya mAnA jAnA cAhie / isake anusAra tathAkathita buddhakAlase lagabhaga bAraha sau varSa pahale pANinikA kAla mAnA jAnA caahie| taba sahaso aThAraha sau varSa IsApUrva ke lagabhaga pANinikA kAla AtA hai| DaoN0 pArapolAkA kahanA hai, ki Arya bhAratameM IsApUrva teraha sause satraha so varSake bIca Aye / yadi adhikase adhika pahalekA samaya bhI bhAratameM AryoMke AnekA mAna leM to pANini dvArA vyAkaraNa-racanAkA tathA AryoMke bhAratameM AnekA eka hI samaya rahatA hai ? taba kyA yaha kahA jAyegA, ki bhArata meM AryoMke Aneke sAtha hI sAtha pANini apane vyAkaraNako lekara yahA~ AyA ? kyoMki jisa bhASAkA vaha vyAkaraNa hai, vaha bhASA una AyakI mAnI jAtI hai, ora hai bhI, jinake viSaya meM yaha kahA jAtA hai, ki ye bhAratameM kahI bAhara se Aye / 3 1 vyAkaraNake viSayameM yaha kathana sarvathA asaMgata va nirAdhAra hai, ki bhAratameM AryoMke Agamana ke sAtha yaha AyA / aSTAdhyAyI va gaNapAThameM uttara bhArata va pazcimottara bhAratake aneka nada nadI, nagara, upavana va viziSTa vyaktiyoMke nAmoM kA ullekha huA hai, jisase yaha spaSTa hotA hai, pANinine isa vyAkaraNakI racanA yahIM rahate kI / isake sAtha yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai ki AryoMne IsApUrva satrahavIM zatAbdI meM yahA~ Ate hI uttara bhAratakI samasta sAdhAraNa janatA ko saMskRta kaise sikhA dI ? uparyukta vivaraNa se spaSTa hai pANini vyAkaraNaka racanAke samaya uttara va pazcimottara bhAratako sarvasAdhAraNa janatA kisAna khetihara majadUra, zAka sabjI becanevAle jar3e tathA kapar3e raMganevAle raMgareja va rasoiye Adi taka kI dainika vyavahArakI bhASA saMskRta thI / satrahavIM-aThArahavIM IsApUrvakI zatAbdI meM bhArata Ate hI AryoMne sabako saMskRta sikhA dI, kyA unake pAsa koI jAdU kI char3I thI, jo hilAte hI samasta uttara bhArata saMskRta bolane lagA ? , vAstavikatA yaha hai, ki Arya bhAratameM bAharase kahIM nahIM Aye, sadAse yahIM rahate haiN| dvApara yugake antakAla taka arthAt abase lagabhaga pA~ca sahasra varSa pUrva taka yahA~ kI saba janatA saMskRta bhASAkA prayoga karatI thii| bhArata yuddhake anantara viziSTa vyaktiyoMke na rahane aura yuddhotarakI ApadAoMne janatAko avi140 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana grantha
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________________ dyAndhakArameM lA paTakA / lagabhaga Der3ha-do sau varSa bItate-bItate pANinikA pradurbhAva huA, zabdazAstrameM niSNAta hokara usane dekhA, ki sarvasAdhAraNa bhASAmeM tejIse parivartana honekI AzaMkA hai| vidvatsamAjakA saMparka na rahanese prayogameM vikAra Aneko hai| usa kAlameM pANinine vyAkaraNakI racanA kara saMskRta bhASAko susaMbaddha, vyavasthita va surakSita banA diyA / usa samaya tejIse bhASAmeM parivartana ho rahA thA, isameM yaha bhI pramANa hai, ki pANinike tatkAla ananta ra anya aneka parivartana va vikAroMkI vyavasthAke lie AcArya kAtyAyanako apane vArtikasandarbhakI racanA karanI pdd'ii| taba kahIM Aja taka saMskRta bhASA usI rUpameM surakSita hai| vikRta va parivartita hotI huI vaha bhASA apane nirantara pravAhameM bahatI Aja vartamAna prAntIya bhASAoMke rUpameM A pahu~cI hai| apane saMghaTanameM saMskRta kabhI dravir3a bhASAse prabhAvita nahIM huii| isakI racanA apane rUpameM maulika va svataMtra hai| kAlAntarameM anya bhASAoM ke zabdoMko isane AtmasAt kiyA ho, yaha sAdhAraNa bAta hai, isa viSayameM kucha nahIM kahanA / saMskRtameM dvivacanakA prayoga apanI maulika racanAke anukUla hai| kahIMse upAhata va anukRta nhiiN| isake prayogakA mUla AdhAra kyA hai isakA vivecana isa samaya lakSya nahIM, para niHsandeha usakA AdhAra vicArapUrNa, vijJAnamUlaka va dArzanika bhittipara avalambita hai / isa lekha dvArA kevala isa tathya para prakAza DAlanekA yatna kiyA hai, ki abase pAMca sahasra varSa pUrva bhAratameM janatA dvArA saMskRtameM dvivacanakA prayoga apanA maulika hai| moinajodaDoke lekha abhI ajJAta va apaThita haiM, unake viSayameM pUrNa jAnakArIkI bAta kahanA dussAhasa va satyajJAnakI viDambanAkA hI dyotaka hai / prayatnakA mArga sabake lie khulA hai| itihAsa aura purAtattva : 141