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________________ pakSavicAra - pakSa ke saMbandha meM yahA~ cAra bAtoM para vicAra hai - 1 -pakSa kA lakSaNa - svarUpa, 2 --- lakSaNAntargata vizeSaNa kI vyAvRtti, 3 - pakSa ke AkAra nirdeza, 4 - usake prakAra / - 1 1 - bahuta pahile se hI pakSa kA svarUpa vicArapatha meM zrAkara nizcita sA ho gayA thA phira bhI prazastapAda ne pratijJAlakSaNa karate samaya usakA citraNa spaSTa kara diyA hai ' / nyAyapraveza meM aura nyAyabindu meM 3 to yahA~ taka lakSaNa kI bhASA nizcita ho gaI hai ki isake bAda ke sabhI digambara zvetAmbara tArkikoM ne usI bauddha bhASA kA unhIM zabdoM se yA paryAyAntara se anuvAda karake hI apaneapane granthoM meM pakSa kA svarUpa batalAyA hai jisameM koI nyUnAdhikatA nahIM hai / 2 - lakSaNa ke iSTa, prasiddha, aura abAdhita ina tInoM vizeSaNoM kI vyAvRtti prazastapAda aura nyAyapraveza meM nahIM dekhI jAtI kintu bAdhita isa eka vizeSaNa kI vyAvRtti unameM spaSTa hai 4 / nyAyacindu meM ukta tInoM kI vyAvRtti" hai / 1 'pratipipAdayiSitadharmaviziSTasya dharmiNo'padezaviSayamApAdayituM uddeza mAtraM pratijJA virodhigrahaNAt pratyakSAnumAnAbhyupagatasvazAstrasvavacana virodhino nirastA bhavanti' - prazasta0 pR0 234 / 2 ' tatra pakSaH prasiddho dharmI prasiddhavizeSeNa viziSTatayA svayaM sAdhyatvene - psitaH / pratyakSAdyaviruddha iti vAkyazeSaH / tadyathA nityaH zabdo'nityo veti |'nyaaypr0 pR0 1 / 3 ' svarUpeNaiva svayamiSTo'nirAkRtaH pakSa iti / - nyAyavi0 1. 40 / 4 ' yathA'nuSNo'gniriti pratyakSa virodhI, dhanamambaramiti anumAnavirodhI, brAhmaNena surA peyetyAgamavirodhI, vaizeSikasya satkAryamiti bruvataH svazAstra virodhI, na zabdo'rthapratyAyaka iti svavacanavirodhI / ' - prazasta0 pR0 234 / 'sAdhayitumiSTopi pratyakSAdiviruddhaH pakSAbhAsaH / tadyathA - pratyakSa viruddhaH zranumAnaviruddhaH, zrAgamaviruddhaH, lokaviruddhaH svavacanaviruddhaH, aprasiddhavizeSaNaH zraprasiddha vizeSyaH, aprasiddhobhayaH, prasiddhasambandhazceti / nyAyapra0 pR0 2 / , " 5 'svarUpeNeti sAdhyatveneSTaH / svarUpeNaiveti sAdhyatveneSTo na sAghanatvenApi / yathA zabdasyAnityatve sAdhye cAkSuSatvaM hetuH zabde'siddhatvAtsAdhyam, na punastadiha ..
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________________ 163 jainagranthoM meM bhI tInoM vizeSaNoM kI vyAvRtti spaSTatayA batalAI gaI hai| antara itanA hI hai ki mANikyanandI ( parI0 3.20.) aura devasUri ne (pramANana 3. 14-17 , to sabhI vyAvRttiyA~ dharmakIrti kI taraha mUla sUtra meM hI darasAI haiM jaba ki zrA. hemacandra ne do vizeSaNoM kI vyAvRttiyoM ko vRtti meM batalAkara sirpha abAdhya vizeSaNa kI vyAvRtti ko sUtrabaddha kiyA hai| prazastapAda ne pratyakSaviruddha, anumAnaviruddha, aAgamaviruddha, svazAstraviruddha aura svavacanaviruddha rUpa se pA~ca bAdhitapakSa batalAe haiN| nyAyapraveza meM bhI bAdhitapakSa to pA~ca hI haiM para svazAstraviruddha ke sthAna meM lokaviruddha kA smaaveshhai| nyAyabindu meM Agama aura lokaviruddha donoM nahIM haiM para pratItiviruddha kA samAveza karake kula pratyakSa, anumAna, svavacana aura pratItiviruddha rUpa se cAra bAdhita batalAe haiM / jAna par3atA hai, bauddha paramparAgata AgamaprAmANya ke asvIkAra kA vicAra karake dharmakIrti ne zrAgamaviruddha ko haTA diyA hai / para sAtha hI pratItiviruddha ko bar3hAyA / mANikyanandI ne (parI0 6.15) isa viSaya meM nyAya bindu kA nahIM para nyAyapraveza kA anusaraNa karake usI ke pA~ca bAdhita pakSa mAna liye jinako devasUri ne bhI mAna liyA / alabattA devasUri ne (pramANana0 6. 40) mANikyanandI kA aura nyAyapraveza kA anusaraNa karate hue bhI aAdipada rakha diyA aura apanI vyAkhyA ratnAkara meM smaraNaviruddha, tarkaviruddha rUpa se anya bAdhita pakSoM ko bhI dikhaayaa| zrA hemacandra ne nyAyabindu kA pratItiviruddha le liyA, bAkI ke pA~ca nyAyapraveza aura parIkSAmukha ke lekara kula chaH Adhita pakSoM ko sUtrabaddha kiyA hai| mAThara (sAMkhyakA0 5) jo saMbhavataH nyAyapraveza se purAne haiM unhoMne pakSAbhAsoM kI - - -- sAdhyatveneSTaM sAdhanatvenApyabhidhAnAt / svayamiti vAdinA / yastadA sAdhanamAha / etena yadyapi kvacicchAstre sthitaH sAdhanamAha, tacchAstrakAreNa tasmindharmiNyanekadhamAbhyupagame'pi, yastadA tena vAdinA dharmaH svayaM sAdhayitumiSTaH sa eva sAdhyo netara ityuktaM bhavati / iSTa iti yAtrArthe vivAdena sAdhanamupanyastaM tasya siddhimicchatA so'nukto'pi vacanena sAdhyaH / tadadhikaraNatvAdvivAdasya / yathA parArthAzcaturAdayaH saMghAtatvAcchayanAsanAdyaGgavad iti, atrAtmArthA ityanuktAvapyAtmArthatA sAdhyA, anena noktamAtrameva sAdhyamityuktaM bhavati / anirAkRta iti etallakSaNayoge'pi yaH sAdhayitumiSTo'pyarthaH pratyakSAnumAnapratItisvavacanai nirAkriyate na sa pakSa iti pradarzanArtham / '-- nyAyabi 3. 41-50 /
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________________ nasa saMkhyA mAtra kA nirdeza kiyA hai, (udAharaNa nahIM diye / nyAyapraveza meM sodAharaNa nava pakSAbhAsa nirdiSTa haiN| 3-A0 hemacandra ne sAdhyadharmaviziSTa dharmI ko aura sAdhyadharma mAtra ko pakSa kahakara usake do zrAkAra batalAe haiM, jo unake pUrvavartI mANikyanandI (3. 25-26, 32) aura devasUri ne (3. 16-18) bhI batalAe haiM / dharmakIrti ne sUtra meM to eka hI zrAkAra nirdiSTa kiyA hai para usakI vyAkhyA meM dharmotara ne ( 2.8) kevala dharmI, kevala dharma aura dharmadharmisamudAya rUpa se pakSa ke tIna zrAkAra batalAe haiN| sAtha hI usa pratyeka prAkAra kA upayoga kisa-kisa samaya hotA hai yaha bhI batalAyA hai jo ki apUrva hai| vAtsyAyana ne (nyAyabhA0 1.1.36 ) dharmaviziSTa dharmI aura dharmiviziSTa dharma rUpa se pakSa ke do prAkAroM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| para AkAra ke upayogoM kA varNana dharmottara kI usa vyAkhyA ke alAvA anyatra pUrva granthoM meM nahIM dekhA jaataa| mANikyanandI ne isa dharmottarIya vastu ko sUtra meM hI apanA liyA jisakA devasUri ne bhI sUtra dvArA hI anukaraNa kiyA / zrA0 hemacandra ne usakA anukaraNa to kiyA para use sUtrabaddha na kara vRtti meM hI kaha diyA--pra0 mI0 1.2.13-17 / 4-- itara sabhI jaina tArkikoM kI taraha zrA0 hemacandra ne bhI pramANa siddha, vikalpasiddha aura ubhayasiddha rUpa se pakSa ke tIna prakAra batalAe haiN| pramANasiddha pakSa mAnane ke bAre meM to kisI kA matabheda hai hI nahIM, para vikalpasiddha aura ubhayasiddha pakSa mAnane meM matabheda hai / vikalpasiddha aura pramANa-vikalpasiddha pakSa ke viruddha, jahA~ taka mAlUma hai, sabase pahile prazna uThAnevAle dharmakIrti hI haiM / yaha abhI nizcita rUpa se kahA nahIM jA sakatA ki dharmakIrti kA vaha zrAkSepa mImAMsakoM ke Upara rahA yA jainoM ke Upara yA donoM ke Upara / phira bhI itanA nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki dharmakIrti ke usa AkSepa kA savistara javAba jaina tarkagranthoM meM hI dekhA jAtA hai| javAba kI jaina prakriyA meM sabhI ne dharmakIrti ke usa AkSepIya padya (pramANavA0 1.162 ) ko uddhata bhI kiyA hai| maNikAra gaGgeza ne pakSatA kA jo antima aura sUkSmatama nirUpaNa 1 'ucyate-siSAdhayiSAviraha sahakRtasAdhakapramANAbhAvo yatrAsti sa pakSaH, tena siSAdhayiSAvirahasahakRtaM sAdhakapramANaM yatrAsti sa na pakSaH, yatra sAdhakapramANe satyasati vA siSAdhayiSA yatra yobhayA bhAvastatra viziSTAbhAvAt pakSatvam |'-cintaa0 anu0 gAdA0 pR0 431-32 /
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________________ 165 kA sambhava hI na thA phira tulanAtmaka vicAra ke bAda vaha pariSkRta vicAra sabhI kiyA hai usakA zrA0 hemacandra kI kRti meM zrAne bhI prAcIna aura arvAcIna sabhI pakSa lakSaNoM ke itanA to avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki gaGgeza kA pUrvavartI naiyAyika, bauddha aura jaina granthoM meM purAnI paribhASA aura purAne DhaGga se pAyA jAtA hai / 0 1636 ] dRSTAnta vicAra dRSTAnta ke viSaya meM isa jagaha tIna bAteM prastuta haiM - 1 - zranumAnAGgatva kA prazna 2 - lakSaNa, 3 - upayoga / 1 -- dharmakIrti ne hetu kA vairUpyakathana jo hetusamarthana ke nAma se prasiddha hai usameM hI dRSTAnta kA samAveza kara diyA hai ataeva unake matAnusAra dRSTAnta hetu samarthanaghaTaka rUpa se anumAna kA zraGga hai aura vaha bhI zravidvAnoM ke vAste / vidvAnoM ke vAste to ukta samarthana ke sivAya hetumAtra hI kAryasAdhaka hotA hai ( pramANavA0 1.28 ), isalie dRSTAnta unake lie anumAnAGga nahIM / mANikyanandI (3 37-42), devasUri ( pramANana0 3.28, 34-38 ) aura zrA0 hemacandra (pra0 mI0 pR0 47) sabhI ne dRSTAnta ko anumAnAGga nahIM mAnA hai aura vikalpa dvArA anumAna meM usakI upayogitA kA khaNDana bhI kiyA hai, phira bhI una sabhI ne kevala mandamati ziSyoM ke lie parArthAnumAna meM ( pramANa na0 3. 42, parI0 3. 46 ) use vyAsismAraka batalAyA hai taba prazna hotA hai ki unake anumAnAGgatva ke khaNDana kA artha kyA hai ? isakA jabAba yahI hai ki inhoMne jo dRSTAnta kI anumAnAGgatA kA pratiSedha kiyA hai vaha sakalAnumAna kI dRSTi se arthAt anumAna mAtra meM dRSTAnta ko ve aGga nahIM mAnate / siddhasena ne bhI yahI bhAva saMkSipta rUpa meM sUcita kiyA hai (nyAyA0 20 ) / zrataeva vicAra karane para bauddha aura jaina tAtparya meM koI khAsa antara najara nahIM AtA / 2- dRSTAnta kA sAmAnya lakSaNa nyAyasUtra ( 1.1.25 ) meM hai para bauddha granthoM meM vaha nahIM dekhA jAtA / mANikyanandI ne bhI sAmAnya lakSaNa nahIM kahA [ pramANa mImAMsA
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________________ 166 jaisA ki siddhasena ne para devasUri (pramANana0 3.40 ) aura zrA0 hemacandra ne sAmAnya lakSya bhI batalA diyA hai / nyAyasUtra kA dRSTAntalakSaNa itanA vyApaka hai ki anumAna se bhinna sAmAnya vyavahAra meM bhI vaha lAgU par3a jAtA hai jaba ki jaino kA sAmAnya dRSTAntalakSaNa mAtra anumAnopayogI hai| sAdharmya vaidharmya rUpa se dRSTAnta ke do bheda aura unake alaga-alaga lakSaNa nyAyapraveza (pR. 1, 2), nyAyAvatAra (kA0 17, 18) meM vaise hI dekhe jAte haiM jaise parIkSAmukha (3. 47 se) zrAdi (pramANana0 3. 41 se ) pichale granthoM meN| ___3-dRSTAnta ke upayoga ke saMbandha meM jaina vicArasaraNI aikAntika nahIM / jaina tArkika parArthAnumAna meM jahA~ zrotA avyutpanna ho vahIM dRSTAnta kA sArthakya mAnate haiM / svArthAnumAna sthala meM bhI jo pramAtA vyApti saMbandha ko bhUla gayA ho usI ko usakI yAda dilAne ke vAste dRSTAnta kI caritArthatA mAnate haiM(syAdvAdara0 3. 42) / I. 1636 ] [pramANa mImAMsA - - -