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________________ -. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. osiyAM kI prAcInatA pro0 devendra hANDA [prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti evaM purAtattva vibhAga, paMjAba vizvavidyAlaya, caNDIgar3ha-160014] uttarI relave ke jodhapura-jaisalamera khaNDa para jodhapura se 66 kilomITara uttara-uttara-pazcima meM sthita vartamAna osiyAM nagara osavAla jAti ke udgama sthAna ke rUpa meM vikhyAta hai| eka sthAnIya paramparA ke anusAra pahale osiyAM' kA nAma melapurapaTTana thaa| dhundalImalla nAmaka eka sAdhu grAma se lagabhaga Der3ha mIla pUrvottara meM eka pahAr3I para rahatA thA jahA~ eka TIle kI coTI para usake avazeSa dabe haiM tathA caraNa-cihna utkIrNa haiM / 2 anuzruti ke anusAra eka dina usane apane ziSya ko gA~va se bhikSA lAne ke lie bhejA parantu kisI ne bhI use khAne ke lie kucha nahIM diyA, aura vaha khAlI hAtha lauTa aayaa| isa para dhundalImalla itanA kruddha huA ki usane gAMva ko zApa diyA jisake phalasvarUpa melapurapaTTana uTTaNa arthAt dhvasta ho gayA / kAlAntara meM yaha sthAna upaladeva nAmaka paramAra rAjakumAra dvArA zatruoM se pIr3ita ho mAravAr3a ke tatkAlIna pratihAravaMzIya zAsaka kI zaraNa lene para punaH basAyA gyaa| pratihAra rAjA ne upaladeva ko melapurapaTTana ke dhvaMsAvazeSa dete hue vahA~ zaraNa lene ke lie kahA / upaladeva ne nirjana grAma ko puna: basAyA aura isakA nAma navanerI nagarI rakhA / kyoMki upaladeva ne yahA~ osalA (zaraNa-Azraya) liyA thA isalie isa nagara kA nAma osiyAM par3a gayA / 5 upaladeva ne yahA~ sAMkhalA paramAroM kI kuladevI saciyA 1. kahIM-kahIM yaha nAma osiyA, ausiyAM, ozIyA Adi likhA bhI milatA hai| osiyAM ke dakSiNa-pUrva meM lagabhaga eka kilomITara kI dUrI para eka pahAr3I hai jise lUNAdrI (lavaNAdri) kahA jAtA hai / isa para dAdI-bAr3I sthita hai| isameM prAcIna caraNa-cihna utkIrNa haiM tathA eka abhilekha hai jisakA pATha hai-'saM0 1246 mAgha vadi 15 zanivAra dine zrI majjinabhadropAdhyAya ziSyaH zrI kanakaprabhamizra kAyotsargaH kRtaH' (P. C. Nahar : Jain Inscriptions, Part I, Calcutta, 1918, p. 199, No. 808) prAcIna caraNa-cihnoM para saMvat 2001 meM jIrNoddhAra ke samaya eka anya muNDera banAkara saMgamaramara ke caraNacihna tathA eka abhilekha sthApita kara diyA gayA thA jisameM caraNa-pAdukAe~ zrI ratnaprabhasUri kI batAI gaI haiN| 3. kahIM-kahIM yaha nAma uppala de, utpala kumAra Adi bhI milatA hai| 4, spaSTata: mUla osiyAM nagara upaladeva se bahuta pahale kA thaa| 5. D. R. Bhandarkar, The Temples of Osia, Annual Report, Archaeological Survey of India, 1908-09, p. 100.
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________________ 12 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : SaSTha khaNDa .... ...................................................................... mAtA kA eka mandira bhI bnvaayaa| vikrama saMvat 1363 meM viracita upakezagaccha paTTAvali meM osiyA~ ke nAma tathA sthApanA ke sambandha meM eka anya paramparA nibaddha hai| isake anusAra zrImAla nagara meM eka jaina rAjA jayasena zAsana karatA thaa| usakI do rAniyA~ thIM jinase kramaza: bhImasena tathA candrasena nAmaka putra hue| zaiva evaM jaina matAvalambI hone kAraNa donoM kI Apasa meM nahIM banatI thii| jayasena apane choTe putra ko uttarAdhikArI banAnA cAhatA thA parantu vaha apane jIvanakAla meM aupacArika rUpa se aisA nahIM kara pAyA / jayasena kI mRtyu ke pazcAt donoM bhAiyoM meM uttarAdhikAra kA jhagar3A itanA bar3ha gayA ki zakti-prayoga dvArA hI nirNIta hone kI naubata aagii| taba candrasena ne apanA dAvA vApisa le liyaa| rAjyasiMhAsana evaM zakti pAkara bhImasena ne jainoM ke sAtha durvyavahAra prArambha kara diyA jo antataH candrasena ke netRtva meM nagara chor3a kara cale gye| unhoMne AbU parvata ke nikaTa candrasena ke nAma candrAvatI kI sthApanA kii| bhImasena ne apane nagara meM karor3apatiyoM, lakhapatiyoM tathA sAdhAraNa logoM ke lie tIna parakoTe banavAe jisake kAraNa zrImAla nagara ko bhinnamAla (bhInamAla) kahA jAne lgaa| bhImasena ke rAjyakAla meM bhInamAla zaivoM tathA vAmamAgiyoM kA kendra bana gayA / bhImasena ke do putra the-zrIpuMja tathA upldev| donoM bhAiyoM meM matabhinnatA ke kAraNa kahA-sunI ho gaI aura zrIpuMja ne upaladeva ko tAnA mArate hue kahA ki itanI hI aiMTha hai to apane bhujabala se apanA hI sAmrAjya kyoM nahIM sthApita kara lete| isa para upaladeva ne apanA sAmrAjya sthApita karane kI zapatha lI aura nagara chor3a diyA / zrIpuMja ke candravaMzI mahAmAtya kA putra Uhar3a jo apane bar3e bhAI subar3a se nArAja thA, upaladeva 1. saciyA mAtA kA yaha mandira vartamAna nagara ke pUrva meM eka pahAr3I para aba bhI sthita hai| mUla mandira ke sambhavataH naSTa ho jAne para bAda meM usI sthAna para navIna mandira banAyA gayA aura isameM saMzodhana-parivardhana hote rahe / osavAla jaina saciyA mAtA ko apanI kuladevI mAnate haiN| mandira kI nijapratimA mahiSAsuramardinI kI hai / vistAra ke lie dekheM-zrI ratnacandra agravAla, rAjasthAna meM jaina-devI saccivA pUjana, jaina siddhAnta-bhAskara, jUna 1954, pR0 1-5. 2. paTTAvalI samuccaya (saM0 darzana vijaya) vIramagAma, 1633. 3. bhInamAla ke itihAsa ke lie dekheM--K. C. Jain, Ancient Cities and Towns of Rajasthan, Delhi, Varanasi, Patana, 1972, pp. 155-65. 4. candrAvatI kA itihAsa dasavIM zatAbdI se prArambha hotA hai / vistAra ke lie dekheM-vahI, pR0 341-47 5. sambhavata: mUla nAma yahA~ basane vAle bhIloM ke nAma para bhillamAla thaa| eka anya paramparA ke anusAra bhinna mAla nAma yahA~ mAla (mAla, dhana-daulata, sampadA) ke bhInA (hadama) hone ke kAraNa pdd'aa| dekheM vahI, pR0 156 / paTTAvali naM01 meM zrIpuja ke rAjakumAra surasundara dvArA garvapUrvaka zrImAla chor3akara aThAraha hajAra baniyoM, nau hajAra brAhmaNoM aura aneka anya logoM ko lekara nayA nagara basAne kI bAta kahI gaI hai| paTTAvali naM. 3 meM upaladeva ko zrIpuMja kA putra kahA gayA hai| 7. vistRta kathA ke lie dekheM-muni jJAnasundara jI, jaina jAti mahodaya, prathama khaNDa, phalodhI, vi0 saM0 1986, prakaraNa 3, pR042-50| 8. bhImamAla meM tIna alaga-alaga parakoToM meM karor3apati, lakhapati tathA sAdhAraNa loga rahate the| suvar3a karor3apati hone ke kAraNa pahale parakoTe meM rahatA thA aura Uhar3a ke pAsa ninyAnave lAkha hone ke kAraNa use dUsare parakoTe meM rahanA par3A / eka bAra vaha asvastha ho gyaa| usake mana meM AyA ki alaga-alaga parakoTe meM rahane ke kAraNa donoM bhAI sukha-duHkha meM eka-dUsare kA sAtha saralatA se nahIM de sakate / ataH vaha pahale parakoTe meM jAne kI icchA se apane bhAI ke pAsa gayA aura eka lAkha rupaye maaNge| isa para suvar3a (apara paTTAvali ke anusAra usakI patnI) ne use tAnA diyA ki usake binA parakoTA sUnA nahIM hai| donoM bhAiyoM meM isa kAraNa nArAjagI utpanna ho gii|
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________________ mosiyAM kI prAcInatA 13 ..-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. -.-.-..... ................-.-.-.-.-.-.-. -.-. -. -.-.-.-. ke sAtha ho liyA / calate-calate unakI bheMTa bairATa-nareza saMgrAmasiMha se huI jisane upaladeva kI vIratA evaM sAhasa se prabhAvita hokara apanI putrI kI sagAI usase krdii| upaladeva bairATa se DhelIpura (dillI) phuNcaa| rAste meM usane ghor3e becane vAle vyApAriyoM se isa zarta para kucha ghor3e' kharIda liye ki unake mUlya kA bhugatAna vaha apane sAmAjya kI sthApanA kara lene ke uparAnta kregaa| dillI para usa samaya sAdhu nAma kA rAjA zAsana karatA thaa| vaha cha: mAsa taka antaHpura meM raMgareliyAM manAyA karatA thA aura varSa ke zeSa cha: mAsa prazAsana para dhyAna detA thA / upaladeva pratidina rAjadarabAra meM jAtA aura eka ghor3A upahAra detA / antataH jaba rAjA ko isa bAta kA patA calA to usane upaladeva ko bulaayaa| usake apane rAjya kI sthApanA ke nizcaya kI jAnakArI prApta kara usane upaladeva ko eka ghor3I dI aura kahA ki jahA~ bhI vaha baMjara dharatI dekhe, apane lie nae nagara kI nIMva rakha le / eka zakunI ne, jo usa samaya pAsa hI baiThA thA, upaladeva ko usa sthAna para nagara kI sthApanA karane kI salAha dI jahA~ ghor3I pezAba kare / Uhar3a ko sAtha lekara upaladeva vahA~ se cala par3A aura agale dina prAta: jaba ghor3I ne maNDora se kucha Age pahu~cane para baMjara jamIna para pezAba kiyA to vaha vahA~ ruka gyaa| vahIM usane apane Apa ko nagara kI nIMva rakhane ke kArya meM lagA diyA / pRthvI ke usIlI (gIlI, osayukta) hone ke kAraNa usane naye nagara kA nAma 'uesa paTTana' rkhaa| kAlAntara meM bhInamAla se bahuta se loga vahA~ Akara basa gae ki nagara bAraha yojana ke kSetraphala meM phaila gyaa| uparivarNita anuzrutiyoM meM kalpanA evaM atizayokti kA puTa hone para bhI eka bAta samAna hai ki osiyAM nagara kI sthApanA (yA punaHsthApanA) upaladeva nAmaka rAjakumAra ne kii| yaha sthApanA kaba kI gaI isa sambandha meM tIna mata vizeSatayA pracalita haiM: 1. jaina granthoM evaM jaina AcAryoM ke matAnusAra vIra nirvANa saMvat 70 meM arthAt lagabhaga 457 IsA pUrva meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke sAtaveM paTTadhara AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne vahA~ ke rAjA ko pratibodhita kara vIra mandira kI sthApanA kI thii| spaSTata: osiyAM nagara usa samaya rAjadhAnI thA aura paryApta samaya pahale basA hogaa| 2. bhAToM, bhojakoM aura sevakoM kI vaMzAvaliyoM se patA calatA hai ki vikrama saMvat 222 (bIye bAisA) meM rAjA upaladeva ke samaya meM osiyAM meM ratnaprabhasUri ke upadeza se osavAla jAti ke mUla gotroM kI sthApanA huii| 1. vibhinna paTTAvaliyoM ke anusAra 55 yA 180 ghodd'e| 2. dillI aura osiyAM kI dUrI lagabhaga savA cha: sau kilomITara hai jise ghor3I dvArA eka rAta meM taya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 3. kahA jAtA hai ki osiyAM nagara jaba apanI kIrti evaM samRddhi ke zikhara para thA to mathAniyA gAMva-osiyAM ke dakSiNa-dakSiNa-pUrva meM 25 kilomITara dUra-isakI anAja maNDI thA, 20 kilomITara dakSiNa-dakSiNa-pazcima meM tivarI gAMva isakA telIvAr3A thA, 10 kilomITara dUra khetAra gAMva khatrIpurA thA aura lagabhaga cAlIsa kilomITara uttara meM sthita lohAvara isakI lohAmaNDI thA evaM dakSiNa-dakSiNa-pazcima meM lagabhaga 4-5 kilomITara dUra ghaTiyAlA grAma isakA eka pramukha dvAra thaa| upakezagaccha paTTAvali naM. 1 ke anusAra nagara kI lambAI 12 yojana tathA caur3AI 6 yojana thii| 4. sukhasampatarAya bhaNDArI tathA anya, osavAla jAti kA itihAsa, bhAnapurA, 1634, pR0 1-20 / 5. aThAraha gotra ye haiM-paramAra, sisodiyA, rAThaur3a, solaMkI, cauhAna, sAMkhalA, par3ihAra, bor3A, dahiyA, bhATI moyala, goyala, makavANA, kachavAhA, gaur3a, kharabar3a, berar3a tathA saukhaM / tulanA kareM-sadAziva rAmaratana daraka mAhezvarI, vaizyakulabhUSaNa, mubaI, saM0 1980, pR0 123-prathama sAkha-paMvArasesa sIsodasiMgAlA / / raNathambhA rAThaur3a vaMza caMvAla bacAlA // dayA bhATI saunagarA kachAvA dhana gaur3a kahIje // jAdama jhAlA jiMda lAja-marajAda lahIje // kharadarApAha aupekharA leNAM pahAjalakharA / eka divasa itA mahAjanahuvA sUrabar3AbhiDasAkharA //
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________________ 6866 14 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : SaSTha khaNDa ataH osiyAM nagara vikrama saMvat 222 ( 165 I0) meM astitva meM thA aura sambhavataH paryApta pahale basA hogA / 3. tIsarA mata tathAkathita Adhunika itihAsakAroM kA hai jo yaha mAnate haiM ki navamI vikramI zatAbdI se pahale na to osiyAM nagara kA hI astitva thA bhaura na osavAla jAti kA hii| isake pazcAt hI kisI samaya bhInamAla ke rAjakumAra upaladeva ne maNDora ke pratihAra zAsaka kA Azraya grahaNa kara osiyAM kI sthApanA kI hogI / pahale mata ke sambandha meM jaina paramparA sAkSya ke atirikta abhI taka koI aisA pramANa nahIM hai jo isa bAta kI puSTi karatA ho ki vIra nirvANa saMvat 70 meM osiyAM nagara vidyamAna thA / vikrama saMvat se cAra sau varSa pUrva na to bhInamAla nagara kA hI astitva thA aura na jaina dharma rAjasthAna taka pahu~ca pAyA thA / usa samaya na to upakeza gaccha astitva meM thA aura na hI AcArya ratnaprabhasUri kI tatkAlInatA kA koI pramANa upalabdha hai / spaSTataH yaha mata prAcInatA kA bAnA pahanAkara osavAla jAti ko bhArata kI eka atyanta prAcIna jAti siddha karane kA prayAsa mAtra hai, aura kucha nahIM / nAbhinandanajinoddhAra prabandha meM vIra nirvANa saMvat ke 70 veM varSa meM ratnaprabhasUri dvArA koraTaMkapura tathA upakeza paTana ke mandiroM meM mahAvIra svAmI kI pratimA kI eka hI muharta meM pratiSThA kiye jAne kA ullekha isa grantha ke bahuta bAda meM likhita hone ke kAraNa kevala paramparA ko nibaddha karane kA prayAsa hai na ki koI aitihAsika tathya kyoMki pAMcavIM zatAbdI IsA pUrva kA koI bhI mandira tathA mUrti omiyAM tathA koraDaMkapura se to kyA bhArata ke kisI bhI sthAna se abhI taka upalabdha nahIM huI hai / dvitIya mata ke anusAra osiyAM kI sthApanA vikrama saMvat 222 arthAt 165 IsvI se pUrva ho cukI thI aura vahA~ upaladeva ke zAsanakAla meM ratnaprabhari dvArA osavAla jAti ke 18 mUla gotroM kI sthApanA kI gii| abhI taka koI aisA pramANa upalabdha nahIM huA hai jisake AdhAra para yaha siddha kiyA jA sake ki 165 IsavI meM osiyAM meM upaladeva kA zAsana thA, AcArya ratnaprabhasUri usa samaya vidyamAna the, jainadharma rAjasthAna meM usa samaya taka praviSTa ho cukA thA aura jina aThAraha mUla gotroM kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai, ve usa samaya vidyamAna the / 2 aba rahA tRtIya mata- tathAkathita Adhunika itihAsakAroM kA mata vikramI saMvat 600 se pahale - ki osavAla jAti aura osiyAM nagara kA astitva na thA / osavAla jAti kA itihAsa nAmaka grantha meM hI jahA~ ina uparilikhita tInoM matoM kA vivaraNa upalabdha hai, haribhadrasUri viracita 'samarAicca kahA' ke zlokoM kA sandarbha diyA gayA hai jinameM usa nagara ke logoM kA brAhmaNoM ke kara se mukta honA tathA brAhmaNoM kA upaveza jAti ke guru na honA ullikhita hai| haribhadra kA samaya saMvat 757 se 857 ke bIca mAnA gayA hai jisase spaSTa hai ki saMvat 857 se pahale arthAt 800 IsvI meM uesa nagara eka samRddha evaM prasiddha nagara thA / osiyAM ke mahAvIra jaina mandira se prApta saMvat 1013 ke prazastilekha se patA calatA hai ki isa mandira kI sthApanA pratihAra zAsaka vatsarAja ke zAsanakAla meM kI gaI thii| vatsarAja pratihAra kA ullekha jinasena viracita 'jaina 1. koraTaMkapura ke itihAsa tathA purAtanatA ke lie dekheM - Jain, op. cit., pp. 284 86. 2. bhaNDArI, uparokta, pR0 1 20 / 3. tasmAt ukezajJAti nAma guravo brAhmaNAH na hi / uesa nagaraM sarvaM kara RNa-samRddhi mat // sarvathA sarva-nirmuktamuesA nagaraM param / tatprabhRti: sajAtAviti loka pravINam // .
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________________ osiyAM kI prAcInatA 15 ........ ........................................................... ...... harivaMzapurANa kI puSpikA' meM milatA hai--- pUrva zrImadavantibhUbhRti nape vtsraaje"|' zaka saMvat 700 (778 I0) kI samApti ke eka dina pahale jAbAlipura (vartamAna jAlora) meM udyotana sUri dvArA racita 'kuvalayamAlA kathA' meM bhI vatsarAja kA ullekha huA hai|' dhArAvarSa dhra varAja ke zaka saMvat 702 (780 I.) ke bhora rAjya saMgrahAlaya ke tAmrapatra abhilekha, govinda tRtIya ke rAdhanapura tathA vanI abhilekhoM, karkarAja ke bar3odA tAmralekhoM tathA harivaMza purANa ke ullekha ke saMyukta sAkSya se patA calatA hai ki vatsarAja kA vardhamAnapura (vartamAna vardhavAna) tathA jAbAlipura (jAlora) se 780 tathA 783 IsvI meM kisI samaya zAsana samApta huaa|5 ataH spaSTa hai ki osiyAM kA mahAvIra mandira bhI 780 I0 se pUrva isa nareza ke zAsanakAla meM bana cukA thA aura usa samaya osiyAM eka samRddha nagara rahA hogaa| osiyA ke harihara mandira tathA bAvar3I bhI AThavIM zatAbdI meM bane pratIta hote haiM aura usa samaya nagara kI samRddhi ke paricAyaka haiM / kucha samaya pUrva harihara-mandira naM. 2 ke AMgana meM surakSita saMvat 803, 812 Adi ke smAraka lekha mile haiM jo osiyAM kI prAcInatA ko AThavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvAddhaM taka le jAte haiM / ataH tathAkathita itihAsakAroM kA kA mata ki vikramI saMvat 600 se pUrva osiyAM kA astitva na thA, bhrAnta hai / spaSTa hai ki AThavIM zatAbdI ke madhya meM osiyAM eka vaibhavazAlI nagara thaa| osiyAM kI sthApanA ke sambandha meM sabhI pazcakAlIna paramparAe~ eka svara se paramAra rAjakumAra upaladeva ko nagara kI sthApanA kA zreya detI haiM / isa paramAra rAjakumAra kI pahicAna sandigdha hai / upaladeva ne maNDora ke pratihAra zAsaka kA Azraya tathA sAhAyya prApta kiyA thaa| yaha pratihAra zAsaka kauna thA, yaha bhI nizcita nhiiN| bAUka ke jodhapura ke vikrama saMvat 864 (837 I0) tathA kakkuka ke vikrama saMvat 118 (861 I0) ke ghaTiyAlA abhilekha se maNDora ke pratihAroM kI utpatti brAhmaNa harizcandra kI kSatriyA patnI bhadrA se vaNita kI gaI hai| bAUka tathA kakkuka evaM prathama zAsaka harizcandra meM gyAraha pIr3hiyoM kA antara thaa| ata: maNDora para pratihAra zAsana kA prArambha sAtavIM zatAbdI meM kisI samaya huA pratIta hotA hai / isa taraha ina paramparAoM ke AdhAra para bhI osiyAM kI prAcInatA sAtavIM zatAbdI ke kucha samaya pazcAt-sambhavatayA AThavIM zatAbdI taka hI hai / yadi paramAra rAjakumAra upaladeva kI pahicAna mAlavA ke vAkpati maMju (utpala) se kI jAe to osiyAM kI sthApanA 674 se 686 I0 ke bIca jA baiThatI hai jo ki isa zAsaka ke rAjyakAla kI jJAta tithiyA~ haiM / isase pahale upaladeva nAmaka kisI paramAra rAjakumAra kA patA nhiiN| 1. parabhaDabhiDaDibhaMgo paNaiyana rohiNI kalA cndo| siri baccharAya nAmo narahatthI patthIvojaiyA / / 2. Indian Antiquary XIV, pp. 156 ff. 3. vahI, VI, p. 248. 4. Indian Antiquary, XIV, pp. 156 ff. X. Dr. Gulab Chandra Choudhary, Political History of Northern India from Jain Sources, Amritsar, 1963, p. 41. 6. Bhandarkar, op. cit., pp. 101 ff. 7. Noticed by Dr. K. V. Ramesh, Superintending Epigraphist, Archaeological Survey of India, Mysore vide a typed copy (received through the courtesy of Sh. R. C. Agrawal, Director, Archaeology & Museums Department, Rajasthan, Jaipur) of Inscriptions on Stone and other Materials, 1972-73, Nos. 214-15. 5. Dr. Dasharatha Sharma, Rajasthan Through the Ages, Vol. I, 1966, Bikaner, p. 541. 6. Ibid., p. 549.
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________________ -0 16 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : SaSTha khaNDa isa sthiti meM dasavIM zatAbdI meM osiyAM kI sambhavataH punaH sthApanA huI hogI kyoMki hama Upara dekha cuke haiM ki AThavIM zatAbdI ke madhya meM osiyAM eka samRddha evaM vaibhavazAlI nagara bana cukA thaa| kakkuka ke paTiyAlA lekhoM meM isa kSetra meM AbhIroM kI lUTamAra tathA maNDora evaM rohigyarUpa (paTiyAlA) ke AbhIroM dvArA naSTa kiye jAne kA ullekha milatA hai / " sambhavata: osiyAM bhI unakI lUTamAra se na bacA ho aura nirjana ho gayA ho| " ++ osiyAM ke adhyayana meM prastuta lekhaka ko kucha mahattvapUrNa navIna sAkSya mile haiM jo osiyA~ kI prAcInatA ko aura pIche le jAte haiN| yahAM pahalI bAra unakA vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai| osiyA ke mahAvIra jaina mandira meM kisI samaya eka toraNa vidyamAna thA jo bAda meM vaNDita ho gyaa| isa toraNa ke mukhya stambha tathA anya bhAga aba isI mandira meM surakSita haiM / 1908-09 meM jaba bhANDArakara dvArA osiyAM kA purAtAttvika sarvekSaNa kiyA gayA thA to yaha toraNa mandira meM khar3A thaa| isake eka stambha para aSTakoNa bhAga kI paTTikA para eka abhilekha hai jise bhANDArakara ne dekhA thA tathA isake saM01035 ASAr3ha mudi 10 Aditya vAre svAti nakSatre bhI toraNaM pratiSThApitamiti pATha ke AdhAra para isakI pratiSThApana tithi dI thii| bAda meM thI pUrNacanda nAhara ne bhI isa voraNa ke kevala uparinibita abhilekhAza ko prakAzita kiyA thaa| anya vidvAnoM ne bhANDArakara tathA nAhara kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai| mahAvIra mandira meM surakSita ina stambhoM kA nirIkSaNa karate hue prastuta lekhaka ne dekhA ki stambha ke aSTakoNAtmaka bhAga kI pUrI paTTikA para (AThoM ora) abhilekha utkIrNa haiM jisake '''''yAte saMvatsarANAM suramuni sahita vikrama gurau zuklapakSe paMcamyAmsa kIrti kAra ''kaSaha devayazaH sadya sonazile..." Adi pATha se yahA~ vikrama saMvat 733 (sura 32 muni 7) meM mAsa kI zukla pakSa kI paMcamI guruvAra ko mandira (kIrti) banavAne kA patA calatA hai| isI toraNa kI paTTikA kI antima tIna paMktiyoM meM 'saM0 1035 aSAr3ha sudi 10 AdityavAre svAtinakSatra zrI toraNaM pratiSThApitamiti' pATha se toraNa-pratiSThA kA patA calatA hai / spaSTa hai ki yahA~ saMvat 733 arthAt 676 I0 meM bhI mandira vidyamAna thA / yaha mUla mandira sambhavatayA rAjasthAna kA prAcInatama jaina mandira rahA hogA / mahAvIra jaina mandira kI saMvat 1013 kI prazasti kA sandarbha Upara diyA jA cukA hai| isameM mahAvIra mandira ke Ukeza nagara ke madhya meM sthita hone kA ullekha hai| isa nagara ke avazeSoM kI gaveSaNA karate hue mandira ke uttarapazcima meM eka nimnastha theha ( purAne TIle) kA patA calatA hai jisa para aba zrI vardhamAna jaina ucca mAdhyamika vidyAlaya kA bhavana tathA khela ke maidAna sthita haiN| isa TIle kI paridhi rekhAoM para purAne ThIkare cune jA sakate haiN| pUchatAcha se patA calA ki ukta vidyAlaya ke vartamAna bhavana kI nIMva khodate samaya isa TIle se kucha purAnI vastue~ milI thIM jinameM 1. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, p. 513. 2. Cf. Pupul Jayakar, "Osian " Marg, Vol. XII, No. 2, March 59, p. 69. 3. Bhandarkar, op. cit., Plate XLIII, a, Also see-A Ghosh (Ed.) Jaina Art and Architecture, New Delhi, 1975, Vol. II, Plate 144. Y. Bhandarkar, op. cit., p. 108. 2. Nahar, op. cit., p. 195, No. 789. 6. abhilekha kucha khaNDita evaM aspaSTa hai| pUrA pATha anyatra prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai| 7. prAcInakAla meM saMkhyA sUcaka sAMketika zabdoM kA prayoga saMvat dene ke lie pracalita thaa| vistAra ke lie dekheMgaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda ojhA, bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, tRtIya saMskaraNa, dillI 1952 pR0 119-24. .
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________________ osiyAM kI prAcInatA 17 . ........................................................... ....... ... MOHINITISHANA DIPANDEY mahAvIra mandira ke toraNa-stambha para utkIrNa lekha Miss T - eka choTA sA miTTI kA kulhar3a bhI thA jisameM cAMdI ke bahuta choTe-choTe sikke bhare hue the| miTTI kA vaha kulhar3a to tor3a diyA gayA thA parantu sikkoM meM se 373 aba bhI seTha zrI maMgalasiMha ratanasiMha deva kI per3I TrasTa, osiyAM
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________________ 18 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : SaSTha khaNDa B errore. . -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. - . - . -. - . -. - . - . - .. .. -. -. meM surakSita haiN| ye sabhI sikke araba gavarnara ahamada ke haiM aura inameM se adhikatara TakasAlI sthiti meM haiN| araba ___ osiyAM se prApta gavarnara ahamada ko rajata-mudrAeM itihAsakAroM se patA calatA hai ki AThavIM zatabdI ke pUrva meM araboM ke bhArata AkramaNa ko pUrva meM ujjaina kI eka navIna zAsakIya zakti dvArA niyaMtrita kiyA gayA / 2 vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki isa navIna zakti se abhiprAya avanti ke pratihAra zAsaka se hai| isase saMketa milatA hai ki pratihAra mAlavapradeza ke adhipati the aura AThavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM unakA prabhutva pazcima bhArata meM mAravAr3a taka thA / purAne ther3a se prApta ahamada ke cA~dI ke sikkoM kA yaha nicaya isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki AThavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM osiyAM vidyamAna thA aura sambhavataH eka mahattvapUrNa vyApAra-kendra thaa| ___ ina sikkoM se bhI adhika mahattvapUrNa haiM isI ther3a se ukta vidyAlaya ke nirmANa ke samaya nIMvoM kI khudAI ke samaya mile miTTI ke cAra bar3e-bar3e maMcayana bhANDa (Storage Jars) jo uparilikhita TrasTa meM hI surakSita haiN| saMcayana bhANDa para brAhmI abhilekha inameM se do bhANDoM ke upAntoM para choTe-choTe abhilekha utkIrNa haiM jo purAlipi zAstrIya AdhAra para lagabhaga dvitIya lekhaka osiyAM ke purAvazeSoM ke adhyayana hetu zrI makkhanalAla vArSNeya (pradhAnAdhyApaka, jaina vidyAlaya tathA avaitanika prabandhaka, jaina TrasTa) kA atyanta AbhArI hai| saciyA mAtA mandira tathA mahAvIra jaina mandira ke pujArI zrI jugarAja bhojaka tathA unake pUre parivAra se prApta sneha tathA sahAyatA ke lie bhI lekhaka unakA AbhArI hai| 2. Choudhary, op. cit. 3. vahI .
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________________ osiyAM kI prAcInatA 19. tRtIya zatAbdI IsvI ke haiN|' isa upalabdhi se isa bAta meM koI sandeha nahIM raha jAtA ki osiyAM nagara IsA kI eka anya sAbhilekha saMcayana bhAMDa prArambhika zatAbdiyoM meM astitva meM thaa| isa sthAna kA vaijJAnika utkhanana nizcaya hI bhosiyAM ke itihAsa tathA janajIvana para navIna prakAza ddaalegaa| 1. ina abhilekhoM ko anyatra prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai| 2. osiyAM kI prAcInatA osavAla jAti kI prAcInatA nahIM hai / 3 lekhaka apane mitra zrI kanakamala dUgar3a (adhyakSa, saciyA mAtA TrasTa, osiyAM) kA atyanta AbhArI hai, jinhoMne osiyAM ke adhyayana hetu lekhaka ko na kevala preraNA hI dI varan etadartha sabhI suvidhAe~ evaM sAhAyya pradAna kiye| zabda hArdika AbhAra vahana ke lie sakSama nahIM hai|