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________________ nyAyakumudacandra - 2 'kucha aitihAsika praznoM para bhI likhanA Avazyaka hai / pahalA prazna hai akalaMka ke samaya kA / paM0 mahendrakumArajI ne 'prakalaGkagraMthatraya' kI prastAvanA meM dharmakIrti aura unake ziSyoM Adi ke graMthoM kI tulanA ke AdhAra para kalaMka kA samaya nizcita karate samaya jo vikramArkIya zaka saMvat kA artha vikramIya saMvat na lekara zaka saMvat lene kI ora saMketa kiyA hai - vaha mujhako bhI vizeSa sAdhAra mAlUma par3atA hai / isa viSaya meM paMDitajI ne jo dhavalaTIkAgata ullekha tathA pro0 hIrAlAlajI ke kathana kA ullekha prastAvanA ( pRSTha 5 ) meM kiyA hai vaha unakI kalaMkagraMthatraya meM sthApita vicArasaraNI kA hI poSaka hai / isa bAre meM suprasiddha itihAsajJa paM0 jayacandrajI vidyAlaMkAra kAra vicAra bhI paM0 mahendrakumArajI kI dhAraNA kA poSaka hai / maiM to pahale se hI mAnatA AyA hU~ ki kalaMka kA samaya vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha aura navIM zatAbdI pUrvArddha hI ho sakatA hai jaisA ki yAkinIsUnu haribhadra kA hai kalaMka, haribhadra, tattvArthabhASya TIkAkAra siddhasena gaNi, ye pramANa meM samasAmayika avazya haiN| Age jo samantabhadra ke kucha kahanA hai usase bhI isI samaya kI puSTi hotI hai / I / merI rAya meM sabhI thor3e bahuta samaya ke bAre meM 1. isakA prAraMbha kA bhAga 'dArzanika mImAMsA' khaNDa meM diyA hai - pRSTha 67 / 2. ve bhAratIya itihAsa kI rUparekhA ( pR0 824-26 ) meM likhate haiM"mahamUda gajanavI ke samakAlIna prasiddha vidvAna yAtrI alabarUnI ne apane bhArata viSayaka grantha meM zaka rAjA aura dUsare vikramAditya ke yuddha kI bAta isa prakAra likhI hai - 'zaka saMvat athavA zakakAla kA Arambha vikramAditya ke saMvat se 135 varSa pIche par3A hai / prastuta zaka ne una ( hindunoM ) ke deza para sindha nadI aura samudra ke bIca, AryA ke usa rAjya ko apanA nivAsasthAna banAne ke bAda bahuta atyAcAra kiye| kucha logoM kA kahanA hai, vaha alamansUrA nagarI kA zudra thA, dUsare kahate haiM, vaha hindU thA hI nahIM aura bhArata meM pazcima se AyA thA / hinduoM ko usase bahuta kaSTa sahane par3e / anta meM unheM pUraba se sahAyatA milI jaba ki vikramAditya ne una para car3hAI kI, use bhagA diyA aura mulatAna tathA -lonI ke koTale ke bIca karUra pradeza meM use mAra DAlA / taba yaha tithi prasiddha
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________________ jaina dharma aura darzana zrAcArya prabhAcandra ke samaya ke viSaya meM purAnI navavIM sadI kI mAnyatA kA to nirAsa paM0 kailAzacandrajI ne kara hI diyA hai| usake saMbaMdha meM isa samaya do mata haiM, jinakA zrAdhAra 'bhojadevarAjye' aura 'jayasiMhadevarAjye' vAlI prazastiyoM kA prakSiptatva yA prabhAcandra kartRkatva kI kalpanA hai / agara ukta prazastiyA~ prabhAcandrakartRka nahIM haiM to samaya kI uttarAvadhi I0 sa0 1020, aura agara prabhAcandra kartRka mAnI jAe to uttarAvadhi I0 sa0 1065 hai / yahI do pakSoM kA sAra hai / paM0 mahendrakumArajI ne prastAvanA meM ukta prazastiyoM ko prAmANika siddha karane ke lie jo vicArakrama upasthita kiyA hai, vaha mujhako ThIka mAlUma hotA hai / merI rAya meM bhI ukta prazastiyoM ko prakSipta siddha karane kI koI balavattara dalIla nahIM hai / aisI dazA meM prabhAcandra kA samaya vikrama kI 11 vIM sadI ke uttarArddha se bArahavIM sadI ke prathamapAda taka svIkAra kara lenA sabhI TayoM se sayuktika hai / 470 maiMne 'kalatraya' ke to yaha hai ki samantabhadra aura prAkkathana meM ye zabda likhe haiM- " adhika saMbhava kalaMka ke bIca sAkSAt vidyA kA hI saMbaMdha rahA ho gaI, kyoMki loga usa prajApIr3aka kI mauta kI khabara se bahuta khuza hue aura usa tithi meM eka saMvat zurU huA jise jyotiSI vizeSarUpa se bartane lage / --- kintu vikramAditya saMvat kahe jAnevAle saMvat ke Arambha aura zaka ke mAre jAne maiM bar3A antara hai, isase maiM samajhatA hU~ ki usa saMvat kA nAma jisa vikramAdissa ke nAma se par3A hai, vahI zaka ko mAranevAlA vikramAditya nahIM hai, kevala donoM kA nAma eka hai / ' - ( pR0 824-25 ) / ' isa para eka zaMkA upasthita hotI hai zAlivAhana bAlI anuzruti ke kaarnn| alabarUnI spaSTa kahatA hai ki 78 I0 kA saMvat rAjA vikramAditya (sAtavAhana) ne zaka ko mArane kI yAdagAra meM calAyA ? vaisI bAta jyotiSI bhaTTotpala ( 666 I0 ) aura brahmadatta ( 628 I0) ne bhI likhI hai / yaha saMvat atra bhI paMcAgoM meM zAlivAhana zaka arthAt zAlivAhanAbda kahalAtA hai|... - ( pR0 836) / " ina do aktaraNoM se itanI bAta nirvivAda siddha hai ki vikramAditya ( sAtavAhana ) ne zaka ko mArakara apanI zaka vijaya ke upalakSya meM eka saMvat calAyA thaa| jo sAtavIM zatAbdI ( brahmagupta ) se hI zAlivAhanAbda mAnA jAtA hai| dhavalA TIkA zrAdi meM jisa 'vikramArkazaka' saMvat kA ullekha AtA hai vaha yahI 'zAlivAhana zaka' honA caahie| usakA 'vikramAkezaka' nAma zaka vijaya ke upalakSya meM vikramAditya dvArA calAye gae zaka saMvat kA spaSTa sUcana karatA hai /
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________________ samantabhadra kA samaya 471 hai, kyoMki samantabhadra kI kRti ke Upara sarvaprathama akalaMka kI vyAkhyA hai|" ityAdi / Age ke kathana se jana yahA~ nirvivAda siddha ho jAtA hai ki samantabhadra pUjyapAda ke bAda kabhI hue haiM / aura yaha to siddha hI hai ki samantabhadra kI kRti ke Upara sarvaprathama akalaMka kI vyAkhyA hai, taba itanA mAnanA hogA ki agara samantabhadra aura akalaMka meM sAkSAt guru ziSya kA bhAva na bhI rahA ho taba bhI unake bIca meM samaya kA koI vizeSa antara nahIM ho sktaa| isa dRSTi se samantabhadra kA astitva vikrama kI sAtavIM zatAbdI kA amuka bhAga ho sakatA hai| ___ maiMne akalaMkagranthatraya ke hI prAkkathana meM vidyAnaMda kI prAptaparIkSA evaM aSTasahasrI ke spaSTa ullekhoM ke AdhAra para yaha niHzaMka rUpa se batalAyA hai ki svAmI samantabhadra pUjyapAda ke aAsastotra ke mImAMsAkAra haiM ataeva unake uttaravartI hI haiM / merA yaha vicAra to bahuta dinoM ke pahile sthira huA thA, para prasaMga Ane para use saMkSepa meM akalaMkagranthatraya ke prAkkathana meM niviSTa kiyA thA / paM0 mahendrakumArajI ne mere saMkSipta lekha kA vizada aura sabala bhASya karake prastuta bhAga kI prastAvanA (pR0 25 ) meM yaha abhrAntarUpa se sthira kiyA hai ki svAmI samantabhadra pUjyapAda ke uttaravatI haiM / alabattA unhoMne merI saptabhaMgI vAlI dalIla ko nirNAyaka na mAnakara vicAraNIya kahA hai / para isa viSaya meM paMDitajI tathA 1. 'zrImattattvArthazAstrAdbhutasalilanidheH' vAlA jo zloka AptaparIkSA meM hai usameM 'iddharatnodbhavasya' aisA sAmAsika pada hai| zloka kA artha yA anuvAda karate samaya usa sAmAsika pada ko 'ambunidhi' kA samAnAdhikaraNa vizeSaNa mAnakara vicAra karanA caahie| cAhe usameM samAsa 'iddharatnoM kA udbhava-prabhavasthAna' aisA tatpuruSa kiyA jAya, cAhe 'iddharatnoM kA udbhava-utpatti huA hai jisameM se' aisA bahuvrIhi kiyA jaae| ubhaya dazA meM vaha ambunidhi kA samAnAdhikaraNa vizeSaNa hI hai / aisA karane se 'protthAnArambhakAle' yaha pada ThIka ambunidhi ke sAtha apunarukta rUpa se saMbaddha ho jAtA hai / aura phalitArtha yaha nikalatA hai ki tattvArthazAstrarUpa samudra kI protthAna-bhUmikA bA~dhate samaya jo stotra kiyA gayA hai / isa vAkyArtha meM dhyAna dene kI mukhya vastu yaha hai ki tattvArtha kA protthAna bA~dhane pAlA arthAt usakI utpatti kA nimitta batalAnevAlA aura stotra kA racayitA ye donoM eka haiM / jisane tattvArthazAstra kI utpatti kA nimitta batalAyA usI ne usa nimitta ko batalAne ke pahile 'mokSamArgasya netAram' yaha stotra bhI rcaa| isa vicAra ke prakAza meM sarvArthasiddhi kI bhUmikA jo par3hegA use yaha sandeha hI nahIM ho sakatA ki 'vaha stotra khuda pUjyapAda kA hai yA nhiiN|'
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________________ 472 jaina dharma aura darzana I anya sajjanoM se merA itanA hI kahanA hai ki merI yaha dalIla vidyAnanda ke spaSTa ullekha ke AdhAra para kiye gae nirNaya kI poSaka hai aura use maiMne vahA~ svataMtra pramANa rUpa se peza nahIM kiyA hai / yadyapi mere mana meM to vaha dalIla eka svataMtra pramANa rUpa se bhI rahI hai| para maiMne usakA upayoga usa taraha se vahA~ nahIM kiyA / jo jaina- paramparA meM saMskRta bhASA ke praveza, tarkazAstra ke adhyayana aura pUrvavartI AcAryoM kI choTI-sI bhI mahattvapUrNa kRti kA uttaravartI zrAcAryoM ke dvArA upayoga kiyA jAnA ityAdi jaina mAnasa ko jo jAnatA hai use to kabhI saMdeha ho hI nahIM sakatA ki pUjyapAda, diGnAga ke padma ko to nirdiSTa kareM para apane pUrvavartI yA samakAlIna samantabhadra kI sAdhAraNa kRtiyoM kA kisI aMza meM sparza bhI na kreN| kyA vajaha hai ki umAsvAti ke bhASya kI taraha sarvArthasiddhi meM bhI saptabhaMgI kA vizada nirUpaNa na ho ? jo ki samantabhadra kI jaina paramparA ko usa samaya kI naI dena rahI / astu / isake sivAya maiM aura bhI kucha bAteM vicArArtha upasthita karatA hU~ jo mujhe svAmI samantabhadra ko dharmakIrti ke samakAlIna mAnane kI ora jhukAtI haiM mudde kI bAta yaha hai ki abhI taka aisA koI jaina AcArya yA usakA graMtha nahIM dekhA gayA jisakA anukaraNa brAhmaNoM yA bauddhoM ne kiyA ho| isake viparIta 1300 varSa kA to jaina saMskRta evaM tarka vAGmaya kA aisA itihAsa hai jisameM brAhmaNa evaM bauddha paramparA kI kRtiyoM kA pratibimba hI nahIM, kabhI-kabhI to akSarazaH anukaraNa hai / aisI sAmAnya vyApti bA~dhane ke jo kAraNa haiM unakI carcA yahA~ prastuta hai / para agara sAmAnya vyAti kI yaha dhAraNA bhrAnta nahIM hai to dharmakItti tathA samantabhadra ke bIca jo kucha mahattva kA sAmya hai usa para aitihAsikoM ko vicAra karanA hI par3egA / nyAyAvatAra meM dharmakIrti ke dvArA prayukta eka mAtra abhrAnta pada ke bala para sUkSmadarzI pro0 yAkobI ne siddhasena divAkara ke samaya ke bAre meM sUcana kiyA thA, usa para vicAra karanevAle hama logoM ko samantabhadra kI kRti meM pAye jAnevAle dharmakIrti ke sAmya para bhI vicAra karanA hI hogA / ne pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki diGnAga ke pramANa- samuccayagata maMgala zloka ke Upara hI usake vyAkhyAna rUpa se dharmakIrti pramANavAtiMka kA pahalA pariccheda racA hai| jisameM dharmakIrti ne pramANa rUpa se sugata ko hI sthApita kiyA hai / ThIka usI taraha se samantabhadra ne bhI pUjyapAda ke 'mokSamArgasya netAram' vAle maMgala padya ko lekara usake Upara AptamImAMsA racI hai aura usake dvArA jaina tIrthaMkara ko hI Asa -pramANa sthApita kiyA hai / asala bAta yaha hai ki kumArila ne
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________________ 'samantabhadra kA samaya 473 zlokavArtika meM codanA-veda ko hI aMtima pramANa sthApita kiyA, aura 'pramANabhUtAya jagaddhitaiSiNe isa maMgala padya ke dvArA diGnAga pratipAdita buddhi prAmANya ko khaNDita kiyaa| isake javAba meM dharmakIrti ne pramANavArtika ke prathama pariccheda meM buddha kA prAmANya anyayogavyavaccheda rUpa se apane DhaMga se savistara sthApita kiyaa| jAna par3atA hai isI saraNI kA anusaraNa prabalaprajJa samantabhadra ne bhI kiyA / pUjyapAda kA 'mokSamArgasya netAram' vAlA suprasanna padya unheM milA phira to unakI pratibhA aura jaga uThI / pramANavArtika ke sugata prAmANya ke sthAna meM samantabhadra ne apanI naI saptabhaMgI saraNI ke dvArA anyayogavyavaccheda rUpa se hI ahat-jina ko hI Asa-pramANa sthApita kinA / yaha to vicArasaraNI kA sAmya huaa| para zabda kA sAdRzya bhI ar3e mArke kA hai| dharmakIrti ne sugata ko "yuktyAgamAbhyAM vimRzan' (pramANa vArtika 11135) 'vaiphalyAd vakti nAnRtam' (pra0 vA0 11147) kaha aviruddhabhASI kahA hai / samantabhadra ne bhI 'yuktizAstrAvirodhavAka' ( aAsamI0 kA0 6) kahakara jaina tIrthaMkara ko sarvajJa sthApita kiyA hai| dharmakIrti ne caturAryasatya ke upadezaka rUpa se hI buddha ko sugata-yathArtharUpa sArita kiyA hai, svAmI samantabhadra ne caturAryasatya ke sthAna meM syAdvAda nyAya yA anekAnta ke upadezaka rUpa se hI jaina tIrthakara ko yathArtha rUpa siddha kiyA hai| samantabhadra ne syAdvAda nyAya kI yathArthatA sthApita karane kI dRSTi se usake viSaya rUpa se aneka dArzanika maddoM ko lekara carcA kI hai, siddhasena ne bhI sanmati ke tIsare kANDa meM anekAnta ke viSaya rUpa se aneka dArzanika mahoM ko lekara carcA kI hai| siddhasena aura samantabhadra kI carcA meM mukhya antara yaha hai ki siddhasena pratyeka mudde kI carcA meM jaba kevala anekAnta dRSTi kI sthApanA karate haiM taba svAmI samantabhadra pratyeka mudde para sayuktika saptabhaMgI praNAlI ke dvArA anekAnta dRSTi kI sthApanA karate haiN| isa taraha dharmakIrti, samantabhadra aura siddhasena ke bIca kA sAmya-vaiSamya eka khAsa abhyAsa kI vastu hai| svAmI samantabhadra ko dharmakIrti-samakAlIna yA unase anantarottarakAlIna hone kI jo merI dhAraNA huI hai, usakI poSaka eka aura bhI dalIla vicArArtha peza karatA huuN| samantabhadra ke 'dravyaparyAyayoraikyam' tathA 'saMjJAsaMkhyAvizeSAcca' ( zrA0 mI0 71,72) ina do padyoM ke pratyeka zabda kA khaMDana dharmakIrti ke TIkAkAra arcaTa ne kiyA hai, jise paM0 mahendrakumArajI ne navIM zatAbdI kA likhA hai| arcaTa ne hetubindu TIkA meM prathama samantabhadrokta kArikA ke aMzoM ko lekara gadya meM khaNDana kiyA hai aura phira 'Aha ca' kahakara khaNDanaparaka 45
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________________ 474 jaina dharma aura darzana kArikAe~ dI haiN| paM0 mahendrakumArajI ne apanI suvistRta prastAvanA meM ( pR0 27 ) yaha sambhAvanA kI hai ki arcaToddhRta hetubinduTIkAgata kArikAe~ dharmakIrti kRta hoMgI / paNDitajI kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki dharmakIrti ne hI apane kisI grantha meM samantabhadra kI kArikAoM kA khaNDana padya meM kiyA hogA jisakA avataraNa dharmakIrti kA TIkAkAra arcaMTa kara rahA hai / para isa viSaya meM nirNAyaka prakAza DAlanevAlA eka aura graMtha prApta huA haiM jo acaTIya hetubindu TIkA kI anuTIkA hai / isa anuTIkA kA praNetA hai durveka mizra, jo 11 vIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa kA brAhmaNa vidvAn hai / durveka mizra bauddha zAstroM kA khAsakara dharmakIrti ke graMthoM kA, tathA usake TIkAkAroM kA gaharA abhyAsI thA / usane aneka bauddha graMthoM para vyAkhyAe~ likhI haiN| jAna par3atA hai ki vaha usa samaya kisI vidyA saMpanna bauddha vihAra meM adhyApaka rahA hogA / vaha bauddha zAstroM ke bAre meM bahuta mArmikatA se aura pramANa rUpa se likhanevAlA hai / usakI ukta anuTIkA nepAla ke graMtha saMgraha meM se kaoNpI hokara bhikSu rAhulajI ke dvArA mujhe milI hai / usameM durveka mizra ne spaSTa rUpa se ukta 45 kArikAoM ke bAre meM likhA hai ki ye kArikAe~ aTakI haiM / atra vicAranA yaha hai ki samantabhadra kArikAoM kA zabdazaH khaNDana dharmakIrti ke TIkAkAra carTa ne dharmakIrti ne / agara dharmakIrti ke sAmane samantabhadra kI koI kRti hotI to. usakI usake dvArA samAlocanA hone kI vizeSa saMbhAvanA thI / para aisA huA jAna par3atA hai ki jaba samantabhadra ne pramANavArtika meM sthApita sugataprAmANya ke viruddha AptamImAMsA meM jaina tIrthaMkara kA prAmAna sthApita kiyA aura bauddhamata kA joroM se nirAsa kiyA, taba isakA javAba dharmakIrti ke ziSyoM ne denA zurU kiyA / karNaMgomI ne bhI, jo dharmakIrti kA TIkAkAra hai, samantabhadra kI kArikA lekara jaina mata kA khaNDana kiyA hai / ThIka isI taraha arcaTa ne bhI samantabhadra kI ukta do kArikAoM kA savistara khaNDana kiyA hai| aisI avasthA meM maiM abhI to isI natIje para pahu~cA hU~ ki kama se kama samantabhadra dharmakIrti ke samakAlIna to ho hI nahIM sakate / - aisI hAlata meM vidyAnanda ko prAptaparIkSA tathA aSTasahasrIvAlI uktiyoM kI aitihAsikatA meM kisI bhI prakAra ke sandeha kA avakAza hI nahIM hai / kI ukta do kiyA hai na ki paMDitajI ne prastAvanA ( pR0 37 ) meM tattvArthabhAgya ke umAsvAti praNIta hone ke bAre meM bhI anyadIya sandeha kA ullekha kiyA hai / maiM samajhatA hU~ ki saMdeha kA koI bhI AdhAra nahIM hai / aitihAsika satya kI gaveSaNA meM sAMpradAyika saMskAra ke vaza hokara agara saMdeha prakaTa karanA ho to zAyada nirNaya kisI bhI
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________________ 'nyAyakumudacandra' 475 vastu kA kabhI bhI nahIM ho sakegA, cAhe usake balavattara kitane hI pramANa kyoM na ho / astu / ___ anta meM maiM paMDitajI kI prastuta gaveSaNApUrNa aura zramasAdhita saskRti kA sacce hRdaya se abhinandana karatA hU~, aura sAtha hI jaina samAja, khAsakara digambara samAja ke vidvAnoM aura zrImAnoM se bhI abhinandana karane kA anurodha karatA huuN| vidvAn to paMDitajI kI sabhI kRtiyoM kA udArabhAva se adhyayana adhyApana karake abhinandana kara sakate haiM aura zrImAn paMDitajI kI sAhityapravaNa zaktiyoM kA apane sAhityotkarSa tathA bhaNDAroddhAra Adi kAryoM meM viniyoga karAkara abhinandana kara sakate haiN| __maiM paMDitajI se bhI eka apanA namra vicAra kahe detA huuN| yaha vaha hai ki Age aba ve dArzanika prameyoM ko, khAsakara jaina prameyoM ko kendra meM rakhakara una para tAttvika dRSTi se aisA vivecana kareM jo pratyeka yA mukhya-mukhya prameya ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karane ke sAtha hI sAtha usake saMbandha meM saba dRSTiyoM se pakAza DAla ske| I0 1641] [ nyAyakumudacandra bhAga 2 kA prAkathana