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________________ nivRttikula kA saMkSipta itihAsa zivaprasAda nirgrantha darzana ke zvetAmbara AmnAya ke caityavAsI gacchoM meM nivRttikula (bAda meM nivRttigaccha) bhI eka hai| paryuSaNAkalpa kI "sthavirAvalI" meM isa kula kA ullekha nahIM milatA; isase spaSTa hotA hai ki yaha kula bAda meM astitva meM AyA! isa kula kA sarvaprathama ullekha akoTA se prApta do pratimAoM para utkIrNa lekhoM meM prApta hotA hai, jinakA samaya umAkAnta zAha ne I. sa. 525 se 550 ke bIca mAnA hai| isa kula meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa, zIlAcArya aparanAma zIlAGka sUri, siddharSi, droNAcArya, sUrAcArya Adi kaI prabhAvaka evaM vidvAn AcArya hue haiN| nivRttikula se sambaddha abhilekhIya aura sAhityika donoM prakAra ke sAkSya upalabdha hote haiM aura ye milakara vikrama saMvat kI 6ThI zatI uttarArdha se lekara vi. saM. kI 16vIM zatI taka ke haiM; kintu inakI saMkhyA alpa hone ke kAraNa inake AdhAra para isa kula ke bAre meM vistRta jAnakArI prApta kara pAnA prAya: asaMbhava hai| phira bhI prastuta lekha meM unake AdhAra para isa kula ke bAre meM yathAsaMbhava prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| Upara kahA jA cukA hai ki isa kula kA ullekha karane vAlA sarvaprathama sAkSya hai akoTA se prApta dhAtu kI do pratimAoM para utkIrNa lekha / umAkAnta zAha ne inakI vAcanA isa prakAra dI hai: 1. OM devadharmoyaM nivRtti kule jinabhadravAcanAcAryasya / 2. OM nivRttikule jinabhadravAcanAcAryasya / vAcanAcArya aura kSamAzramaNa samAnArthaka mAne gaye haiM, ata: isa lekha meM ullikhita jinabhadravAcanAcArya aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya Adi granthoM ke racayitA jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa eka hI vyakti haiM / ukta pratimAoM meM mUrtikalA kI kAlagata vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para zAha jI ne dUsarI jagaha inakA kAla I. sa. 550 se 600 ke bIca mAnA hai, jo vizeSa sahI hai| paramparAnusAra jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa kI Ayu 104 varSa thI, ata: paM0 mAlavaNiyA ne inakA jIvanakAla vi. saM. 545 se vi. saM. 650/I. sa. 489 se I. sa. 594 mAnA hai| ___AcArAGga aura sUtrakRtAGga kI TIkA ke racayitA zIlAcArya aparanAma tattvAditya tathA cauppannamahApurisacariyaM (vi. saM. 925 / I. san 869) ke racanAkAra zIlAcArya aparanAma vimalamati aparanAma zIlAGka bhI svayaM ko nivRttikulIna batalAte haiN| muni jinavijaya", AcAryasAgarAnandasUri', zrI mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI Adi vidvAnoM ne AcArAGga-sUtrakRtAGga kI TIkA ke racanAkAra zIlAcArya aparanAma tattvAditya tathA cauppannamahApurisacariyaM ke kartA zIlAcArya aparanAma vimalamati aparanAma zIlAGka ko samasAmayikatA ke AdhAra para eka hI vyakti mAnA hai| paM. mAlavaNiyA aura prA. madhusUdana DhAMkI ne bhI ina AcAryoM kI samasAmayikatA evaM unake samAna kula ke hone ke kAraNa ukta mata kA samarthana kiyA hai| isake viparIta cauppannamahApurisacariyaM ke sampAdaka zrI amRtalAla bhojaka' kA mata hai ki "yadyapi donoM zIlAcAryoM kI samasAmayikatA asaMdigdha hai, kintu una donoM AcAryoM ne apanA pRthak-pRthak astitva spaSTa karane ke lie hI apanA alaga-alaga aparanAma bhI sUcita kiyA hai, ata: donoM bhinna-bhinna vyakti haiM aura unheM eka mAnanA ucita nhiiN|" cUMki eka hI samaya meM, eka hI kula meM, eka hI nAma vAle do AcAryoM kA honA usI prakAra asaMbhava hai jaise eka hI parivAra meM eka hI pitA ke do santAnoM kA eka hI nAma honA; ata: isa AdhAra para bhojaka kA mata satyatA se pare mAlUma hotA hai / alAvA isake usa z2amAne meM zvetAmbara paramparA ke munijanoM kI saMkhyA bhI alpa hI thii| upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA (vi. saM. 962 / I. sa. 906), saTIka nyAyAvatAra, upadezamAlATIkA Adi ke
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________________ 35 Vol. 11-1996 nivRttikula kA saMkSipta itihAsa racayitA siddharSi bhI nivRttikula ke the / upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA kI prazasti meM unhoMne apanI guru-paramparA isa prakAra dI hai: sUryAcArya dellamahattara durgasvAmI siddharSi ukta prazasti meM siddharSi ne apane guru aura svayaM ko dIkSita karane vAle AcAryarUpeNa garSi kA nAma bhI diyA hai| saMbhavata: yaha gargarSi aura karmasiddhAnta ke grantha karmavipAka ke racayitA gargarSi eka hI vyakti rahe hoM / isake alAvA paMcasaMgraha ke racayitA pArzvarSi ke ziSya candrarSi" bhI nAmAbhidhAna ke prakAra ko dekhate hue saMbhavata: isI kula ke rahe hoNge| akoTA kI vi. saM. kI 10vIM zatI kI tIna dhAtu pratimAoM para utkIrNa lekhoM meM pratimA-pratiSThApaka ke rUpa meM nivRttikula ke droNAcArya kA ullekha milatA hai| inameM se eka pratimA para pratiSThA varSa vi. saM. 1006 / I. sa. 950 diyA gayA hai / isa prakAra inakA kAryakAla 10vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha rahA hogaa| __ nivRttikula meM droNAcArya nAma ke eka anya AcArya bhI ho cuke haiN| prabhAvakacarita ke anusAra ye caulukyanareza bhImadeva 'prathama' ke saMsArapakSIya mAmA the / AcArya hemacandra ke dvayAzrayamahAkAvya ke anusAra caulukyarAja bhImadeva ke pitA nAgarAja naDUla ke cAhamAnarAja mahendra kI bhaginI lakSmI se vivAhita hue the| ise dekhate hue yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ukta droNAcArya naDUla ke rAjavaMza se sambaddha rahe hoNge| inakI ekamAtra kRti hai oghaniyukti kI vRtti / navAgavRttikAra abhayadevasUri dvArA nau aMgoM para likhI gayI TIkAoM kA inhoMne saMzodhana bhI kiyA / inake isa upakAra kA abhayadevasUri ne sAdara ullekha kiyA hai| parantu inake guru kauna the, isa sambandha meM na to svayaM inhoMne kucha batalAyA hai aura na kinhIM sAkSyoM se isa sambandha meM koI sUcanA prApta hotI hai| droNAcArya ke ziSya aura saMsArapakSIya bhatIjA sUrAcArya bhI apane samaya ke udbhaTa vidvAna the2deg / paramAranareza bhoja (vi0 saM0 1066-1111) ne apanI rAjasabhA meM inakA sammAna kiyA thaa| inake dvArA racita dAnAdiprakaraNa nAmaka eka grantha upalabdha hai| vaha saMskRta bhASA ke ucca koTi ke vidvAn the| nivRttikula se sambaddha tIna abhilekha vikrama saMvat kI 11vIM zatI ke haiN| inameM se prathama lekha vi. saM. 1022 / I. sa. 966 kA hai jo bhASA kI dRSTi se kucha hada taka bhraSTa hai aura dhAtu kI eka caubIsI pratimA para utkIrNa hai| zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne isa lekha kI vAcanA isa prakAra dI hai: gacche zrInRrvitake tate saMtAne pArasvadattasUrINAMvRsabha putryA sarasvatyAcaturviMzati paTakaM muktyatha ckaare|| prAptisthAna-cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha jinAlaya, biikaaner| dvitIya lekha AbU ke paramAra rAjA kRSNarAja ke samaya kA vi. saM. 1024 / I. sa. 968 kA hai, jo AbU ke samIpa kera nAmaka sthAna se prApta huA hai| yaha lekha yahAM sthita jinAlaya ke gUr3hamaMDapa ke bAMyI ora stambha para
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________________ zivaprasAda Nirgrantha utkIrNa thaa| muni jayantavijaya jI ne isa lekha kI vAcanA dI hai, jo kucha sudhAra ke sAtha yahAM dI jA rahI hai: viSTitaka [nivRttaka] kule goSThyA vi (va)rddhamAnasya kAritaM / [surUpaM] muktaye biMbaM kRSNarAje mahIpatau // a (A)SADhasu (za) ddhaSaSThayAM samAsahasre jinaiH samabhyadhike (1024) hastottarAdi saMsthe nizAkare [rita] sprivaare|| [nA vA] hare raM-: narAdityaH suzobhatAM ghaTitavAn vIranAthasya zilpinAmagraNI: para [m // yadyapi isa lekha meM nivRtti kula ke kisI AcArya yA muni kA koI ullekha nahIM hai, parantu AbU ke paramAranarezoM ke kAla-nirdhAraNa meM yaha lekha atyanta mUlyavAna hai| vi. saM. kI 11vIM zatAbdI kA tRtIya lekha vi. saM. 1092/ I. sa. 1036 kA hai" / isa lekha meM nivRttikula ke AmradevAcAryagaccha kA ullekha hai| lekha kA mUlapATha isa prakAra hai : saMvat 1092 phAlA (lgu) na sudi 9 ravI zrI nivRttakakule zrImadAnadevAcAryagacche naMdigrAmacaitye somakena jAyA....... sahitena tatsutasahajukena ca nijaputrasaMvIraNasahilAnvitena ni [:] zreyase vRSabhajinapratimA - vArtha (1) kaaritaa| pratiSThAsthAna- nAMdiyA, prApti sthAna- jaina maMdira, ajArI, vi. saM. kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke cAra lekhoM6 [vi. saM. 1130 / I. sa. 1074, tIna pratimA lekha, aura vi. saM0 1144/ I. sa. 1088 eka pratimAlekha) meM bhI nivRttikula ke pUrvakathita AmradevAcAryagaccha kA ullekha hai| ina lekhoM kA mUlapATha isa prakAra hai : saMvat 1130 jyeSTha zuklapaMcamyAM zrI nivRttakakule zrImadAnadevAcAryagacche koresva (zva) rasuta dulla (la) bhazrAvakeNedaM muktaye kAritaM jinayugmamuttamaM // prAptisthAna- AdinAtha jinAlaya, lottaannaa| __ [saMvat 1130] jyeSThazuklapaMcamyAM zrI nivRttakakule zrImadAnadevAcAryagacche koresva (zva) rasuta durlabha [zrAvakeNe] daM muktaye kAritaM jinayugmamuttamam / / kAyotsarga pratimA para utkIrNa lekha, prAptisthAna- pUrvokta / saMvat 1130 jyeSTha zuklapaMcamyAM tihe (nivR)takakule zrImadA[mradevAcAryagacche]...... kAyotsargapratimA para utkIrNa lekha, prAptisthAna- pUrvokta / AUM|| saMvat 1144 jyeSTha vadi 4 zrI ta (ni)vRttakakule zrImadAnadevAcAryagacche loTANakacaitye prAgavATavaMzodbhava: yAMyazreSThisa [hitena] Ahila zreSThiki (kR) taM Asadevena molya: (?) zrI vIravardhamAnasA (svA) mipratimA kaaritaa| kAyotsargapratimA para utkIrNa lekha, pratiSThAsthAna evaM prAptisthAna- AdinAtha jinAlaya, lottaannaa| ukta lekhoM meM pratimApratiSThApaka ke rUpa meM isa gaccha ke kisI AcArya kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki nivRttikula kI yaha zAkhA (AmradevAcAryagaccha) IsvI 11vIM zatI ke prArambha meM astitva meM AyI hogii| vi. saM. 1144 / I. sa. 1088 ke pazcAt AmradevAcAryagaccha se sambaddha koI sAkSya nahIM milatA, ata: yaha anumAna vyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai ki vi. saM. kI 12vIM zatI ke anta taka nivRttikula kI isa zAkhA kA svataMtra astitva samApta ho gayA hogaa|
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________________ nivRttikula kA saMkSipta itihAsa vi0 saM0 1288 / I0 sa0 1232 kA eka lekha, jo neminAtha kI dhAtu kI saparikara pratimA para utkIrNa hai, meM nivRttigaccha ke AcArya zIlacandrasUri kA pratimApratiSThApaka ke rUpa meM ullekha hai| nAhaTA 27 dvArA isa lekha kI vAcanA isa prakAra dI gayI hai : Vol. II-1996 saM. 1288 mAgha sudi 9 some nivRttigaccha zre0 vIhar3i suta yasahana delhAdi pivara zreyase neminAtha kAritaM pra. zrI zIlacandrasUribhiH prAptisthAna- mahAvIra svAmI kA maMdira, bIkAnera | vi0 saM0 1301 / I0 sa0 1245 kA eka lekha, jo zAMtinAtha kI pratimA para utkIrNa hai, meM isa gaccha ke AmradevasUri kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| muni kAntisAgara " ne isa lekha kI vAcanA isa prakAra dI hai : 37 saM0 1301 varSe huMbaDajJAtIya nivRttigacche zre0 jarA (za) vIra putra renA sahitena svazreyase zAMtinAthabiMbaM kAritaM pratiSThitA zrIyAmradevasUribhiH // prAptisthAna- bAlAvasahI, shtrunyjy| vi0 saM0 1371 / I0 sa0 1315 meM isI kula ke pArzvadevasUri ke ziSya ambadevasUri ne samarArAsu " kI racanA kI / pArzvadevasUri ke guru kauna the, kyA ambadevasUri ke alAvA pArzvadevasUri ke anya ziSya bhI the, ina saba bAtoM ko jAnane ke liye hamAre pAsa isa vakta koI pramANa nahIM hai| vi0 saM0 1389 / I. sa. 1323 kA eka lekha, jo padmaprabha kI pratimA para utkIrNa hai, meM isa kula ke pArzvadattasUri kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| muni buddhisAgara ne isa lekha kI vAcanA isa prakAra dI hai : saM. 1389 varSe vaizAkha sudi 6 budhe zrI nivRttigacche hUvaTa (huMbaDa) jJA. pitRpImaDamAtRpImaladezreyase zrIpadmaprabhasvAmi biMbaM kA0 pra0 zrIpArzvadattasUribhi: / prAptisthAna- manamohanapArzvanAtha jinAlaya, bar3odarA / isa gaccha kA vikrama kI 15vIM zatAbdI kA kevala eka lekha milA hai, jo vAsupUjya kI pratimA para utkIrNa hai| AcArya vijayadharmasUri" ne isa lekha kI vAcanA isa prakAra dI hai : saM. 1469 varSe phAguNa vadi 2 zukre hUMbaDajJAtIya Tha0 depAla bhA0 sohaga pu0 Tha0 rANAkena bhAtRpitR zreyase zrIvAsupUjyabiMbaM kAritaM pratiSThitaM nivRttimacche zrIsUribhiH ||zrIH || zrI pUranacanda nAhara ne bhI isa lekha kI vAcanA dI hai, kintu unhoMne vi0 saM0 1469 ko 1496 par3hA hai| ina donoM vAcanAoM meM kauna sA pATha sahI hai, isakA nirNaya to isa lekha ko phira se dekhane se hI saMbhava hai / nivRttigaccha se sambaddha eka aura lekha eka caturviMzatipaTTa para utkIrNa hai| zrI nAhara ne ise vi0 saM0 1506 (?) kA batalAyA hai aura isakI vAcanA dI hai, jo isa prakAra hai : // zrImannivRtagacche saMtAne cAmradeva sUrINAM / mahaNaM gaNi nAmAdyA cellI sarvvadevA gnninii| vittaM nItizramAyAtaM vitIrya zubhavArayA / caturviMzati paTTAkaM kArayAmAsa nirmalaM / prAptisthAna AdinAtha jinAlaya, kalakattA / isa gaccha kA eka lekha vi0 saM0 1529 / I0 sa0 1473 kA bhI hai| paM0 vinayasAgara ne isa lekha kI vAcanA isa prakAra dI hai :
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________________ zivaprasAda Nirgrantha saM. 1529 varSe vaizAkha vadi 4 zukre baDajJAtIya maMtrIzvaragone / dosI vIrapAla bhA. vAru su. somA. karamAbhyAM svazreyase zrInaminAthabiMba kA. nivRttigcche| pu. zrIsiMghadevasUribhiH jinadatta caaNpaa| prAptisthAna- AdinAtha jinAlaya, krmdii| vartamAna meM upalabdhatA kI dRSTi se isa gaccha kA ullekha karane vAlA aMtima lekha vi0 saM0 1568 / I. sa. 1512 kA hai / yaha lekha munisuvrata kI paMcatIrthI pratimA para utkIrNa hai| isakA mUlapATha isa prakAra hai : ___saM. 1568 varSe sudi 5 zukre hU~ba. maMtrIzvara gotre / dosI cAMpA bhA. cAMpalade su. dinakara vanA nivrttgcche| zrI munisuvratabiMba pratiSThitaM zrIsaMghadattasUribhiH / / prAptisthAna- zAMtinAtha jinAlaya, ratalAma / isa gaccha ke Adima AcArya kauna the, yaha kula yA gaccha kaba astitvameM AyA, isa bAre meM ukta sAkSyoM se koI sUcanA prApta nahIM hotI aura na hI unake AdhAra para isa gaccha ke munijanoM kI guru-paramparA kI koI vyavasthita tAlikA hI bana pAtI hai / yadyapi madhyakAlIna paTTAvaliyoM meM nAgendra, candra aura vidyAdhara kuloM ke sAtha nivRttikula ke utpatti kA bhI vivaraNa hai, kintu ye paTTAvaliyAM uttarakAlIna evaM aneka bhrAmaka vivaraNoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa kisI bhI gaccha ke prAcIna itihAsa ke adhyayana ke liye sarvathA prAmANika nahIM mAnI jA sktiiN| itanA jarUra hai ki isa kula / gaccha ke munigaNa prAya: caityavAsI paramparA ke rahe hoNge| mahAvIra kI purAtana paramparA meM to nivRttikula kA ullekha nahIM milatA; ata: kyA yaha kula pApityoM kI paramparA se lATa deza meM niSpanna huA thA? yaha anveSaNIya hai| TippaNI 1. U.P.Shah., Akota Bronzes, Bombay 1959. pp 29-30. 2. paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, gaNadharavAda, ahamadAbAda 1952, pR. 30-31. 3. vahI. 4. vahI, pR. 32-34. 5. mohanalAla mehatA, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 3, prathama saMskaraNa, vArANasI 1967, pR0 382 aura Age, 6. cauppannamahApurisacariyaM, sa. paM. amRtalAla mohanalAla bhojaka, prAkRta grantha pariSad, ganthAGka 3, vArANasI 1961, prazasti, pR. 335. 7. muni jinavijaya, prastAvanA, jItakalpasUtra. (mUla grantha upalabdha na hone se yaha uddharaNa zrI bhojaka dvArA likhita cauppannamahApurisacariyaM kI prastAvanA, pR0 55 ke AdhAra para diyA gayA hai| yahAM unhoMne grantha kA prakAzanasthAna evaM varSa sUcita nahIM kiyA hai.) 8. "prastAvanA", cauppannamahApurisacariyaM , pR0 55. 9. mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI, jainasAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, muMbaI 1931, pR. 180-81. 10. paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA aura pro. madhusUdana DhAMkI se vyaktigata carcA ke AdhAra para / 11. prastAvanA, cauppannamahApurisacariyaM, pR. 54 aura Age. 12. upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA, hindI anuvAdaka paM. vinayasAgara evaM lAlacanda jaina, prathama evaM dvitIya khaNDa, prAkRta bhAratI, puSpa 31, jayapura 1985, prazasti, pR. 437-440. 13. mohanalAla mehatA, pUrvokta, bhAga 3, pR0 111, 125.
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________________ Vol.T-1996 nivRttikula kA saMkSipta itihAsa 14. vahI, pR0 124-125. 15. zAha, pUrvokta, pR0 57-59. 16. "zrIsUrAcAryacaritam", prabhAvakacarita, saM0 munijinavijaya, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, granthAGka 13, ahamadAbAda 1940, pR. 152. 17. durgAzaMkara kevalarAma zAstrI, gujarAtano madhyakAlIna rAjapUta itihAsa, bhAga 1-2, ahamadAbAda 1953, pR0 194 aura Age. 18. mohanalAla mehatA, pUrvokta, pR0 394-395. 19. vahI. 20. prabhAvakacarita, pR0 152-160. 21. vahI. 22. dAnAdiprakaraNa, saM* amRtalAla mohanalAla bhojaka evaM nagIna je0 zAha, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI granthamAlA granthAMka 90, ahamadAbAda 1983. 23. bIkAnerajainalekhasaMgraha, saM. agaracaMda bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, kalakattA. vIra saMvat 2482 (I- sa. 1955), lekhAGka 57. 24. arbudAcalapradakSiNAjainalekhasaMdoha, saM* muni jayantavijaya, bhAvanagara vi. saM. 2003 (I.sa. 1976), lekhAGka 486. 25. vahI, lekhAGka 396. 26. vahI, lekhAGka 470, 471, 472, 473, 27. nAhaTA, pUrvokta, lekhAka. 1335. 28. munikAntisAgara, zatruJjayavaibhava, jayapura 1990, lekhAGka 16. 29. 'samarArAsu', prAcInagUrjarakAvyasaMgraha, saM. cimanalAla DAhyAbhAI dalAla, gAyakavAr3a prAcya granthamAlA, granthAkka 13, prathama saMskaraNa, bar3odarA 1920, pR. 27-38. 30. jainadhAtupratimAlekhasaMgraha, saM0 muni buddhisAgara, bhAga 2, pAdarA I. san 1924, lekhAGka 81. 31. prAcInalekhasaMgraha, saM. AcArya vijayadharmasUri, bhAvanagara 1929, lekhAGka 106. 32. jainalekhasaMgraha, saM. pUranacanda nAhara, bhAga-2, kalakattA 1927, lekhAGka 1078. 33. vahI, lekhAGka 1003. 34. pratiSThAlekhasaMgraha, saM. vinayasAgara, koTA 1953, lekhAGka 712. 35. vahI, lekhAGka 937. 36. tripuTI mahArAja, jaina paramparAno itihAsa, bhAga 1, ahamadAbAda 1952, pR. 301 aura Age.