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________________ nIti ke mAnavatAvAdI siddhAnta aura jaina-AcAra-darzana 'mAnavatAvAda' sAmAnya rUpa se svAbhAvika icchAoM kA sarvathA to jaina-darzana bhI prANI meM nihita sahAnubhUti ke tattva ko svIkAra damana ucita nahIM mAnatA, varan unakA saMyamana Avazyaka mAnatA hai| karatA hai (parasparopagraho jIvAnAm -tattvArtha,5/21) tathApi vaha karmavaha saMyama kA pakSadhara hai, damana kA nhiiN| usake anusAra saccA niyama para bhI apanI AsthA prakaTa karake calatA hai| isa sahAnubhUti naitika jIvana icchAoM ke damana meM nahIM, apitu usake niyamana yA ke tattva ke sAtha-sAtha karma-sidvAnta ko bhI naitikatA kA AdhAra niyantraNa meM hai| banAtA hai| mAnavatAvAda meM naitikatA kA pratyaya sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai, yahI mAnavatAvAda sAMsArika hita-sAdhana para bala detA hai aura kAraNa hai ki mAnavatAvAda ko AcArazAstrIya dharma kahA jAtA hai| pAralaukika sukha-kAmanA ko vyartha mAnatA hai, yadyapi vaha manuSya ko mAnavatAvAdI siddhAnta naitikatA ko mAnava kI sAMskRtika cetanA ke sthUla sukhoM taka sImita nahIM rakhatA hai, kintu kalA, sAhitya, maitrI vikAsa meM dekhate haiN| sAMskRtika cetanA kA vikAsa hI naitikatA kA aura sAmAjika samparka ke sUkSma sukhoM ko bhI sthAna detA hai| lemAnTa AdhAra hai| sAMskRtika vikAsa evaM naitika jIvana mAnavIya guNoM ke paramparAvAdI aura mAnatAvAdI AcAra-darzana meM niSedhAtmaka aura vikAsa meM haiN| mAnavatAvAdI cintana meM manuSya hI naitika mUlyoM kA vidhAnAtmaka dRSTi se bheda spaSTa karatA hai| usake anusAra paramparAvAdI mApadaNDa hai aura mAnavIya guNoM kA vikAsa hI naitikatA hai| mAnavatAvAdI / naitika darzana meM vartamAna ke prati udAsInatA aura paraloka meM sukha vicArakoM kI eka lambI paramparA hai| pleTo aura arastU se lekara lemAnTa, prApta karane kI jo icchA hotI hai, vaha niSedhAtmaka hai| isake viparIta jAkamAritA tathA samakAlIna vicArakoM meM rasala, vAranara phiTe, mAnavatAvAda isa jIvana ke prati AsthA rakhatA hai aura use sukhI banAnA sI0bI0garneTa aura isrAila levina prabhRti vicAraka isa paramparA kA cAhatA hai, yaha vidhAyaka hai| pratinidhitva karate haiN| yadyapi uparokta sabhI vicAraka mAnavIya guNoM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se isa prazna para vicAra karate samaya hama yaha ke vikAsa ke saMdarbha meM hI naitikatA ke pratyaya ko dekhate haiM phira bhii| pAte haiM ki yadyapi jaina-darzana pAralaukikatA ke pratyaya ko svIkAra prAthamika mAnavIya guNa kyA hai, isa sambandha meM unameM mata-bheda hai| karatA hai aura bhAvI jIvana ke astitva meM AsthA bhI rakhatA hai, lekina samakAlIna mAnavatAvAdI vicArakoM meM isI prazna ko lekara pramukha rUpa isa AdhAra para use niSedhAtmaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki vaha se tIna varga haiM, jinheM kramazaH AtmacetanatAvAda, vivekavAda aura vartamAna jIvana ke prati udAsInatA nahIM rakhatA hai| jaina dArzanika spaSTa AtmasaMyamavAda kahA jA sakatA hai| ina tInoM hI mAnyatAoM kA jaina- rUpa se yaha kahate haiM ki naitika sAdhanA kA pAralaukika sukha kI kAmanA darzana ke sAtha nikaTa sambandha dekhA jA sakatA hai, lekina isake pahale se koI sambandha nahIM hai, varan pAralaukika sukha-kAmanA ke AdhAra ki hama inake sAtha jaina-darzana kI tulanA kareM, mAnavatAvAda kI kucha para kiyA gayA naitika karma dUSita hai| ve naitika-sAdhanA ko na aihika sAmAnya pravRttiyoM ke sandarbha meM jaina-darzana kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana sukhoM ke lie aura na pAralaukika sukhoM ke lie mAnate haiM varan unake apekSita hai| anusAra to naitika sAdhanA kA ekamAtra sAdhya Atma-vikAsa yA sarvaprathama mAnatAvAdI vicAra-paramparA sahAnubhUti ke pratyaya ko AtmapUrNatA hai| buddha ne bhI spaSTa rUpa se yaha batAyA hai ki naitika hI naitikatA kA AdhAra banAtI hai| mAnavatAvAda ke anusAra manuSya / jIvana kA sAdhya pAralaukika sukha kI kAmanA nahIM hai| gItA meM bhI kA parama prAptavya isI jagat meM kendrita haiM aura isIlie vaha apane phalAkAMkSA ke rUpa meM pAralaukika sukha kI kAmanA ko anucita hI naitika darzana ko kisI pAralaukika sukha-kAmanA para AdhRta nahIM krtaa| kahA gayA hai| usake anusAra naitika hone ke lie kisI pAralaukika Adarza yA sAdhya jaina-vicAraNA naitika jIvana ke lie apanI dRSTi vartamAna para ke prati niSThA kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, varan manuSya meM nihita sahAnubhUti hI kendrita karatI hai aura kahatI hai ki - kA tattva hI use naitikatA ke prati AsthAvAn banAye rakhane ke lie gata vastu soce nahIM Agata vAMchA naay| paryApta hai| vaha naitikatA ko pralobhana aura bhaya ke AdhAra para khar3A vartamAna meM varte sahI so jJAnI jaga maay| nahIM kara, mAnava meM nihita sahAnubhUti ke tattva para khar3A karatA hai| - AlocanA pATha usake anusAra naitika hone ke lie yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki hama jo bhUta ke sambandha meM koI zoka nahIM karatA aura bhaviSya ke kisI pAralaukika sattA (Izvara) athavA karma ke niyama jaise kisI siddAnta ___sambandha meM jisakI koI apekSAe~ nahIM haiM, jo mAtra vartamAna meM hI para AsthA rkheN| usake anusAra mAnavIya prakRti meM nihita sahAnubhUti apane jIvana ko jItA hai, vahI saccA jJAnI hai| vizuddha vartamAna meM kA tattva hI naitika hone ke lie paryApta hai| jIvana jInA jaina-paramparA kA naitika Adarza rahA hai| ata: vaha vartamAna yadi hama isa prazna para jaina-darzana kA dRSTikoNa jAnanA cAheM ke prati udAsIna nahIM hai, phira bhI isa artha meM vaha mAnavatAvAdI vicArakoM itroducidaidasihdiadioaudiomasardiarordindia[88 ]-ordinatomaratoredibdiomdoordarorolaroorarrior
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smArakagranya - jaina darzana - ke sAtha bhI hai aura vaha paraloka ke pratyaya se inkAra nahIM krtii| mAnavatAvAdI vicAraNA meM prAthamika mAnavIya guNa ke prazna ko lekara bhagavAn buddha ne bhI ajAtazatru ko yahI batAyA thA ki mere dharma kI pramukha rUpa se tIna vicAradhArAe~ pracalita haiN| jaina AcAra-darzana ke sAdhanA kA kendra pAralaukika jIvana nahIM, varan yahI jIvana hai| sAtha inakA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane ke lie hama ina tInoM para mAnavatAvAda sAmAnya rUpa se svAbhAvika icchAoM kA sarvathA damana alaga-alaga vicAra kreNge| ucita nahIM mAnatA varan usakA saMyamana Avazyaka mAnatA hai| vaha saMyama kA samarthaka hai, damana kA nhiiN| usake anusAra saccA naitika jIvana AtmacetanAvAdI dRSTikoNa aura jainadarzana icchAoM ke damana meM nahIM varan unake saMyamana meM hai| mAnavatAvAdI vicArakoM meM AtmacetanAtA yA AtmajAgRti ko tulanAtmaka dRSTi se yadi hama isa para vicAra kareM to yaha pAte hI naitikatA kA AdhAra aura prAthamika mAnavIya guNa mAnane vAle vicArakoM haiM ki jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra-darzana bhI damana ke pratyaya ko meM vAranaraphiTe pramukha hai| vAranaraphiTe naitikatA ko AtmacetanatA kA svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| unameM bhI icchAoM kA damana anucita mAnA sahagAmI mAnate haiN| unakI dRSTi meM naitikatA kA paribhASaka usa samagra gayA hai| jaina darzana meM kSAyika evaM aupazamika sAdhanA kI do zreNiyA~ sAmAjika prakriyA meM nahIM hai, jisameM manuSya jIvana jItA hai, varan mAnI gayI haiN| inameM bhI kevala kSAyika zreNI kA sAdhaka hI Atma- AtmacetanA kI usa mAnavIya prakriyA meM hai, jo vyakti ke jIvana meM pUrNatA ko prApta kara sakatA hai; upazama zreNI kA sAdhaka to sAdhanA rahI huI hai| vastutaH naitikatA Atmacetana jIvana jIne meM hai| unakA kI U~cAI para pahu~cakara bhI patita ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra vaha bhI kathana hai ki jIvana ke samagra mUlya jIvana kI cetanA meM nihita haiN| damana ko asvIkAra karatA hai aura kevala saMyama ko sthAna detA hai| yahI eka aisA dRSTikoNa hai jo jIvana ke kinhI bhI mUlyoM kI avadhAraNA isa artha meM vaha mAnavavAdI vicAraNA ke sAtha hai| kara sakatA hai| cetanA ke niyaMtraNa meM jo jIvana hai, vahI saccA jIvana mAnavatAvAda karma ke aucitya aura anaucitya kA nirdhAraNa samAja hai| naitika hone kA artha yaha jAnanA hai ki hama kyA kara rahe haiM? para usake pariNAma ke AdhAra para karatA hai| lemAnTa ke anusAra karma-preraka jAgRta cetanA naitikatA hai aura prasupta cetanA anaitikatA hai| zubha evaM aura karma meM vizeSa antara nahIM hai| koI bhI kriyA binA preraNA ke ucita kArya vaha nahIM, jisameM AtmavismRti hotI hai| varan vaha hai nahIM hotI hai aura jahA~ preraNA hotI hai, vahA~ karma bhI hotA hai| tulanAtmaka jisameM AtmacetanA hotI hai|' dRSTi se isa prazna para vicAra karate samaya hama yaha pAte haiM ki bauddha naitikatA kA yaha AtmacetanatAvAdI dRSTikoNa jaina AcAra-darzana darzana aura gItA spaSTa rUpa se karma ke aucitya aura anaucitya kA ke ati nikaTa hai| vAranaraphiTe kI naitika darzana kI yaha mAnyatA ati nirdhAraNa karmapreraka ke AdhAra para karate haiM, karma-pariNAma ke AdhAra spaSTa rUpa meM jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra-darzanoM meM upalabdha hai| para nahIM aura isa AdhAra para ve mAnavatAvAda se koI sAmya nahIM rkhte| phiTe jise AtmacetanA kahate haiM, use jaina-darzana meM apramattatA yA jahA~ taka jaina-darzana kA prazna hai, vaha vyavahAra dRSTi se karma-pariNAma AtmajAgRti kahA gayA hai| jaina-darzana ke anusAra pramAda AtmavismRti ko aura nizcaya-dRSTi se karma-preraka ko aucitya anaucitya ke nirNaya kI avasthA hai| jaina-darzana meM pramAda ko anaitikatA kA pramukha kAraNa kA AdhAra banAtA hai| isa prakAra usakI mAnavatAvAda se isa sambandha mAnA gayA hai| jo bhI kriyAe~ pramAda ke kAraNa hotI haiM yA pramAda kI meM AMzika samAnatA hai| avasthA meM kI jAtI haiM ve sabhI anaitika mAnI gayI haiN| 'AcArAMga' mAnavatAvAda manuSya ko hI samagra mUlyoM kA mAnadaNDa svIkAra meM mahAvIra ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki jo prasupta cetanA vAlA hai karatA hai| isa prakAra vaha mAnavIya jIvana ko sarvadhika mahattva pradAna vaha amuni (anaitika) hai aura jo jAgrata cetanA vAlA hai vaha muni karatA hai| yadi hama tulanAtmaka dRSTi se isa prazna ko dekheM to hameM (naitika) hai| 'sUtrakRtAMga' meM pramAda ko karma aura apramAda ko akarma yaha spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra karanA hogA ki bhAratIya paramparA bhI mAnavIya kahakara yahI batAyA gayA hai ki jo kriyAe~ AtmavismRti lAtI haiM, jIvana ke mahattva ko svIkAra karatI hai| jaina-AgamoM meM mAnava-jIvana ve bandhanakAraka haiM aura isalie anaitika bhI haiN| isake viparIta jo ko durlabha batAyA gayA hai| AcArya amitagati ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA kriyAe~ apramatta cetanA kI avasthA meM sampanna hotI haiM, ve abandhakAraka hai ki jIvana meM manuSya kA jIvana hI sarvazreSTha hai| 'dhammapada' meM bhagavAn hotI haiM aura isa rUpa meM pUrNatayA vizuddha aura naitika hotI haiN| isa buddha ne bhI manuSya janma ko durlabha batAyA hai| 'mahAbhArata' meM vyAsa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vAranara phiTe kA AtmacetanatAvAdI dRSTikoNa ne bhI yahI kahA hai ki yadi koI rahasyamaya bAta hai to vaha yaha hai jaina-darzana ke ati nikaTa hai| ki manuSya se zreSTha aura koI nahIM haiN| tulasIdAsajI ne isI tathya na kevala jainadarzana meM varan bauddhadarzana meM bhI AtmacetanatA ko ko yaha kahakara prakaTa kiyA hai ki- 'bar3e bhAga mAnuSa tana pAvA, naitikatA kA pramukha AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| 'dhammapada' meM buddha spaSTa rUpa sura durlabha saba pranthanniM gaavaa'| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bhAratIya se kahate haiM ki apramAda amaratA kA mArga hai aura pramAda mRtyu kaa| cintana meM bhI manuSya jIvana ke sarvocca mUlya ko svIkAra kiyA gayA bauddhadarzana meM aSTAMga sAdhanA-mArga meM samyak smRti bhI isI bAta ko hai| yahA~ hama pAte haiM ki mAnavatAvAdI vicAra-paramparA kI jaina-darzana spaSTa karatI hai ki AtmasmRti yA jAgRta cetanA hI naitikatA kA AdhAra se tathA sAmAnya rUpa se bhAratIya-darzana se nikaTatA hai| samakAlIna hai, jabaki AtmavismRti yA prasupta cetanA anaitikatA kA AdhAra hai|
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smArakagrantha - jaina darzana buddha nanda ko upadeza dete hue kahate haiM ki jisake pAsa smRti nahIM ganeMTa ne AcaraNa meM viveka ke lie una samagra paristhitiyoM evaM hai use Aryasatya kahA~ se prApta hogaa| isalie calate hue 'cala rahA sabhI pakSoM kA vicAra Avazyaka mAnA hai jinameM karma kiyA jAnA hai| haiM', khar3e hote hue 'khar3A ho rahA hU~' evaM isI prakAra dUsare kArya karate vaha karma ke sabhI pakSoM para vicAra Avazyaka mAnatA hai, jise hama samaya apanI smRti banAye rkho| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki buddha jaina-darzana ke anekAntavAda ke siddhAnta ke dvArA samyak prakAra se bhI AtmacetanatA ko naitika jIvana kA kendra svIkAra karate haiN| spaSTa kara sakate haiN| jaina-darzana kI anekAntavAdI dhAraNA bhI yahI gItA meM bhI sammoha se, smRti-vinAza aura smRtivinyAsa se| nirdeza detI hai ki vicAra ke kSetra meM hameM ekAMgI dRSTikoNa rakhakara buddhi-nAza kahakara yahI batAyA gayA hai ki AtmacetanA naitika jIvana nirNaya nahIM lenA cAhie varan eka sarvAMgINa dRSTikoNa rakhanA caahie| ke lie eka Avazyaka tathya hai| isa prakAra garneTa kA sabhI pakSoM ke vicAra kA pratyaya jaina-darzana ke anekAntavAdI sarvAMgINa dRSTikoNa se adhika dUra nahIM hai| vivekavAda' aura jainadarzana / mAnavatAvAdI vicArakoM meM dUsarA varga viveka ko prAthamika mAnavIya AtmasaMyama kA siddhAnta aura jainadarzana guNa svIkAra karatA hai| sI0bI0garneTa aura isrAila levina ke anusAra mAnavatAvAdI naitika darzana ke tIsare varga kA pratinidhitva iraviMga naitikatA vivekapUrNa jIvana jIne meM hai| garneTa ke anusAra viveka-saMgati babiTa karate haiN| 19 babiTa ke anusAra mAnavatA evaM naitika jIvana kA nahIM varan jIvana meM kauzala yA caturAI kA honA hai| bauddhikatA yA sAra na to Atmacetana jIvana jIne meM hai aura na vivekapUrNa jIvana tarka usakA eka aMga ho sakatA hai samagra nhiiN| garneTa, apanI pustaka meM, varan vaha saMyamapUrNa jIvana yA Atma-anuzAsana meM hai| babiTa "vijDama Apha kanDakTa" meM prajJA ko hI sarvocca sadguNa mAnate haiM Adhunika yuga ke saMkaTa kA kAraNa yaha batAte haiM ki hamane paramparAgata aura prajJA yA viveka se nirdezita jIvana jIne meM naitikatA ke sAra- kaThora vairAgyavAdI dhAraNAoM ko tor3a diyA aura unake sthAna para ThIka tattva kI abhivyakti mAnate haiN| unake anusAra naitikatA kI samyak rUpa se Adima bhogavAda ko hI prastuta kiyA hai| vartamAna yuga ke vicArakoM evaM sArthaka vyAkhyA zubha-ucita kartavya Adi naitika pratyayoM kI vyAkhyA ne paramparAgata dhAraNAoM ke prativAda meM eka aisI galata dizA kA cayana meM nahIM varana AcaraNa meM viveka ke sAmAnya pratyaya meM hai| AcaraNa kiyA hai. jisameM mAnavIya hitoM ko coTa pahu~cI hai| unakA kathana hai meM viveka eka aisA tattva hai jo naitika paristhiti ke astitvavAna ki manaSya meM nihita vAsanA rUpI pApa ko asvIkata karane kA artha pakSa arthAt caritra, preraNAe~, Adata, rAgAtmakatA, vibhedIkaraNa, usa barAI ko hI dRSTi se ojhala kara denA hai, jisake kAraNa mAnavIya malya-nirdhAraNa aura sAdhya ko dRSTigata rakhatA hai| ina sabhI pakSoM ko sabhyatA kA astitva khatare meM par3a sakatA hai| mAnavIya vAsanAe~ pApa pUrNatayA dRSTi meM rakhe binA jIvana meM viveka pUrNa AcaraNa kI AzA haiM, anaitika haiM, isa bAta ko bhUlakara hama mAnavIya sabhyatA kA hI hI nahIM kI jA sktii| AcaraNa meM viveka eka aisI locapUrNa dRSTi vinAza kareMge, jabaki usake prati jAgRta rahakara hama mAnavIya sabhyatA hai jo paristhitiyoM ke sabhI pakSoM kI samyak vicAraNA ke sAtha khoja kA vikAsa kara skeNge| babiTa bahuta hI ojapUrNa zabdoM meM kahate haiM karatI huI suyogya cunAvoM ko karatI hai| levina ne AcaraNa meM viveka ki hama meM jaivika pravega to bahuta haiM, AvazyakatA hai jaivika niyaMtraNa kA tAtparya eka samAyojanAtmaka kSamatA se mAnA hai| usake anusAra kii| hameM apanI vAsanAoM para niyaMtraNa karanA caahie| kevala sahAnubhUti naitika hone kA artha mAnava kI mUlabhUta kSamatAoM kI abhivyakti hai| ke nAma para sAmAjika ekatA nahIM A sktii| manuSyoM ko sahAnubhUti garneTa aura levina ke ina dRSTikoNoM kI tulanA jaina AcAra-darzana ke sAmAnya tattva ke AdhAra para nahIM varan anuzAsana ke sAmAnya tattva ke sAtha karane para hama pAte haiM ki AcaraNa meM viveka kA pratyaya jaina. ke AdhAra para hI eka dUsare ke nikaTa lAyA jA sakatA hai| sahAnubhUti vicAraNA evaM anya sabhI bhAratIya vicAraNAoM meM bhI svIkRta rahA ke vistAra kA naitika darzana kevala bhAvanAtmaka mAnavatAvAda kI sthApanA hai| jaina vicArakoM ne samyagjJAna ke rUpa meM jo sAdhanA-mArga batAyA karatA hai, jabaki AvazyakatA aise Thosa mAnavatAvAda kI hai jo hai vaha kevala tArkika jJAna nahIM hai varan eka vivekapUrNa dRSTi hai| jaina- anuzAsana para banatA hai| paramparA meM AcaraNa meM viveka ke lie yA vivekapUrNa AcaraNa ke lie tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karate hue hama yaha pAte haiM ki sabhI 'yatanA' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| 'dazavaikAlika sUtra' meM spaSTa rUpa samAlocya AcAra-darzana saMyama ke pratyaya ko svIkAra karate haiN| jainase yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jo jIvana kI vibhinna kriyAoM ko viveka darzana naitika pUrNatA ke lie saMyama kA Avazyaka mAnatA hai| usake yA sAvadhAnIpUrvaka sampAdita karatA hai vaha anaitika AcaraNa nahIM karatA trividha sAdhanA-patha meM samyak AcAraNa ko bhI vahI mUlya hai jo viveka hai| bauddha-paramparA meM bhI yahI dRSTikoNa svIkRta rahA hai| buddha ne bhI aura bhAvanA kA hai| 'dazavaikAlikasUtra' meM dharma ko ahiMsA, saMyama 'aGgattaranikAya' meM mahAvIra ke samAna hI ise pratipAdita kiyA hai| aura tapomaya batAyA hai| vastuta: ahiMsA aura tapa bhI saMyama ke gItA meM karma-kauzala ko hI yoga kahA gayA hai jo ki viveka-dRSTi poSaka hI haiM aura isa artha meM saMyama hI eka mahattvapUrNa aMga hai| kA sUcaka hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki samAlocya AcAra-darzanoM jaina bhikSu-jIvana aura gRhastha-jIvana meM saMyama yA anuzAsana ko sarvatra meM bhI AcaraNa meM viveka kA pratyaya svIkRta rahA hai| hI mahattva diyA gayA hai| mahAvIra ke sampUrNa upadeza kA sAra asaMyama
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smArakagranya - jaina darzana - se nivRtti aura saMyama meM pravRti hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki samakAlIna mAnavatAvAdI vicArakoM ke uparokta tInoM siddhAnta babiTa kA yaha dRSTikoNa jaina darzana ke ati nikaTa hai| usakA yaha yadyapi bhAratIya cintana meM svIkRta rahe haiM tathApi bhAratIya vicArakoM kahanA ki vartamAna yuga meM saMkaTa kA kAraNa saMyamAtmaka mUlyoM kA kI yaha vizeSatA rahI hai ki unhoMne ina tInoM ko samaveta rUpa meM hAsa hai, jaina-darzana ko svIkAra hai| vastuta: AtmasaMyama aura anuzAsana svIkAra kiyA hai| jaina-darzana meM samyak jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ke Aja ke yuga kI sabase mahattvapUrNa AvazyakatA hai, jise inkAra nahIM rUpa meM, bauddha darzana meM zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA ke rUpa meM tathA gItA kiyA jA sktaa| meM zraddhA, jJAna aura karma ke rUpa meM prakArAntara se inheM svIkAra kiyA na kevala jaina-darzana meM varan bauddha aura vaidika darzana meM bhI gayA hai| phira bhI gItA kI zraddhA ko AtmacetanatA nahIM kahA jA sakatA saMyama aura anuzAsana ke pratyaya ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| bhAratIya hai| bauddha-darzana ke isa trividha sAdhanA-patha meM samAdhi AtmacetanatA naitika cintana meM saMyama kA pratyaya eka aisA pratyaya hai jo sabhI kA, prajJA viveka kA aura zIla saMyama kA pratinidhitva karate haiN| isI AcAra-darzanoM meM aura sabhI kAloM meM svIkRta rahA hai| saMyamAtmaka jIvana prakAra jaina-darzana meM samyagdarzana AtmacetanatA kA, samyagjJAna viveka bhAratIya saMskRti kI vizeSatA rahA hai| babiTa kA yaha vicAra bhAratIya kA aura samyakcaritra saMyama kA pratinidhitva karate haiN| cintana ke lie koI nayA nahIM hai| 9. sandarbha: 1. dekhiye - (a) samakAlIna dArzanika cintana, DaoN0 hRdayanArAyaNa mizra, pR0 300-325 / (ba) kanTempareri ethikala thyorIz2a, pR0 177-188 / (a) mANussaM sudullhN| - uttraadhyynsuutr| (ba) bhaveSu mAnuSyabhava: pradhAnam / - amitgti| (sa) kicce maNussa pttilaabho| - dhammapada, 182 / (da) guhyaM tadidaM brviimi| na mAnuSAt zreSThataraM hi kiMcit / - mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 299/20 / 4. AcArAGga, 11/31 5. sUtrakRtAGga, 1/8/3 / dhammapada, 2/1 / saundarananda, 14/43-45 / 8. gItA, 2/63 / dekhiye - (a) kaNTempareri ethikala thyorIz2a, pR0 181-184 / (ba) viz2aDama oNpha kaNDakTa - sii0bii0grnett| 10. dazavaikAlika, 4/8 / 11. babiTa ke dRSTikoNa ke lie dekhiye - (a) kaNTempareri ethikala thyorIz2a, pR0 185-186 / (ba) di bekaDAuna oNpha innttrneshnlijm| - prakAzita 'di nezana' khaNDa sa (8) 1915 / 12. dazavaikAlika, 1/1 // 13. uttarAdhyayana, 31/2 /