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________________ nizItha sUtra zrI lAlacandra jaina nizIthasUtra kI gaNanA chedasUtroM meM hotI hai| isameM zramaNAcAra ke ApavAdika niyamoM evaM unakI prAyazcita vidhi kI vizeSa carcA hai| yaha sUtra vizeSa jAnakArI hetu hI yogya sAdhuoM ko par3hAyA jAtA thA, sarvapadanIya nahIM thA, kyoMki una niyamoM kI jAnakArI pramukha saMtoM ko hI honI Avazyaka zrI aba to isa para bhASya cUrNi Adi kA bhI prakAzana ho gayA hai| variSTha svAdhyAyI zrI lAlacandra jI jaina ne prastuta Alekha meM niSedha sUtra para prakAza DAlA hai| - sampAdaka upalabdha AgamoM meM cAra AgamoM ko cheda sUtra kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| yaha saMjJA AgamakAlIna nahIM hai| caturdazapUrvI bhadrabAhu svAmI se pUrva bhI jinazAsana ke pratyeka sAdhu-sAdhvI ke liye AcArakalpa adhyayana ko kaMThastha karanA Avazyaka thaa| usa AcArakalpa adhyayana kA paricaya sUtroM meM jo milatA hai, vaha vartamAna meM upalabdha nizItha sUtra kA hI paricAyaka hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki AgamoM meM nizItha ko AcArAMga sUtra kA hI vibhAga mAnA gayA hai| AcArAMga meM AcAraprakalpa adhyayana kA jo maulika nAma nizItha thA, vahI prasiddha ho gayA aura naMdIsUtra ke racanAkAra devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne usI nAma ko sthAna diyaa| isase nizItha sUtra kI prAcInatA bhI siddha hotI hai| isakA racanAkAla AcArAMga jitanA hI purAnA hai| anivArya kAraNoM se yA binA kAraNa hI saMyama kI maryAdAoM ko bhaMga karake yadi koI svayaM AlocanA karake prAyazcitta grahaNa kare to kisa doSa kA kitanA prAyazcita hotA hai. yaha isa chedasUtra kA pramukha pratipAdya hai| atikrama, vyatikrama evaM aticAra kI zuddha AlocanA aura micchAmiTukkaDaM ke alpa prAyazcita se ho jAtI hai| anAcAra doSa ke sevana kA hI nizItha sUtra meM prAyazcita pratipAdita hai| yaha sthavira kalpI sAmAnya sAdhuoM kI maryAdA hai| yaha Agama aba itanA gopanIya nahIM raha gayA hai| tIrthakaroM ke samaya meM bhI aMga zAstroM kA sAdhu-sAdhvI zrAvaka-zrAvikA, caturvidha saMgha adhyayana karanA thaa| caudaha pUrvI bhadrabAhu svAmI ne bhI AcAraprakalpa adhyayana ko atyadhika mahattva diyA hai| pratyeka yuvA saMta satI ko yaha kaMThastha honA cAhie, isase isakI anigopanIyatA samApta ho jAtI hai| kAlAMtara meM Agama-lekhana evaM prakAzana yuga aayaa| deza- videzoM meM inakI pratiyoM kA pracAra huA, ataH gopanIyatA aba kevala kathana mAtra ke liye raha gii| yogya sAdhu-sAdhvI ke liye chaMda sUtra gopanIya nahIM hai, balki inake adhyayana binA sAdhaka kI sAdhanA adhUrI hai, paMgu hai, paravaza hai| inake sUkSmatama adhyayana ke binA saMgha vyavasthA pUrNa aMdhakAramaya ho jaayegii|
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________________ 433 nizItha sUtra AcArya devavAcaka ne naMdIsUtra meM Agama- sAhitya ko do bhAgoM meM bAMTA hai- aMgapraviSTa aura aMgavAhya / chedasUtra aMgabAhya hai| isameM jaina sAdhusAdhviyoM ke jIvana se saMbaMdhita AcAra viSayaka niyamoM kA vistRta vivecana hai | zramaNa jIvana kI pavitratA banAye rakhane ke liye hI cheda sUtroM kA nirmANa huA hai| ye niyama svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA nirUpita haiN| cheda sUtroM meM nizItha kA pramukha sthAna hai| nizItha kA artha hI aprakAzya hai| yaha sUtra apavAdabahula hai, isaliye saba ko nahIM paDhAyA jAtA thA / nizItha kA adhyayana vahI sAdhu kara sakatA hai, jo tIna varSa kA dIkSita ho aura gAMbhIrya Adi guNoM se yukta ho / prauDhatva kI dRSTi se kama se kama solaha varSa kA sAdhu hI isakA pAThaka ho sakatA hai| eka vicAradhArA ke anusAra nizItha sUtra aMgapraviSTa ke aMtargata AtA hai, anya cheda sUtra aMgabAhya hai / paMDita dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ne 'nizItha eka adhyayana' meM likhA hai ki yaha sUtra kisI samaya AcArAMga ke antargata rahA hogA, kintu eka samaya aisA bhI AyA ki nizItha ko AcArAMga se pRthak kara diyA gyaa| yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki nizItha AcArAMga kI aMtima cUlikA ke rUpa meM thA, mUla meM nahIM / nizItha cUrNi meM spaSTa hai ki isake kartA artha kI dRSTi se tIrthaMkara haiM aura sUtra kI dRSTi se gaNadhara haiN| digambara mAnyatA digambara granthoM meM nizItha ke sthAna para nisIhiyA' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| gommaTasAra meM bhI yahI zabda prApta hotA hai| isakA saMskRta rUpa nidhikA hotA hai| gommaTasAra kI TIkA meM nisIhiyA kA saMskRta rUpa niSadhikA kiyA hai| AcArya jinasena ne harivaMzapurANa meM nizItha ke liye niSedhaka zabda kA vyavahAra kiyA hai| tattvArthabhASya meM 'nisIha' zabda kA saMskRta rUpa 'nizItha' mAnA hai| niyuktikAra ko bhI yahI artha abhipreta hai| isa prakAra zvetAmbara sAhitya ke abhimatAnusAra nisIha kA saMskRta rUpa 'nizItha' aura usakA artha aprakAzya hai| digambara sAhitya kI dRSTi se nisIhiyA kA saMskRta rUpa nizIdhikA hai aura usakA artha prAyazcita zAstra yA pramAda doSa kA niSedha karane vAlA zAstra hai| saMkSepa meM sAra yaha hai ki nizItha kA artha rahasyamaya yA gopanIya hai| jaise rahasyamaya vidyA, maMtra, taMtra, yoga Adi anadhikArI yA aparipakva vRddhi vAle vyaktiyoM ko nahIM batAte, unase chipA kara gopya rakhA jAtA hai, vaise hI nizItha sUtra bhI gopya hai| vaha bhI pratyeka vyakti ke samakSa udghATita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| aitihAsika dRSTi aitihAsika dRSTi se paryavekSaNa karane para yaha bhI sahaja jJAta hotA hai ki bhAratavarSa meM usa samaya jo bhikSu saMgha the, unameM isa prakAra kI pravRttiyAM
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________________ pracalita rahI hoNgii| sAdhu-sAdhvI kahIM dekhA-dekhI ina pravRttiyoM ko na apanA leM, isa dRSTi se zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko niSedha kiyA tathA kadAcit apanA leM to unake prAyazcitta kA bhI vidhAna kiyA gyaa| isa prakAra nizItha meM vividha dRSTiyoM se niSedha aura prAyazcitta vidhiyA~ pratipAdita kI gaI hai| pratyAkhyAna nAmaka nauveM pUrva se nizItha kA niryahaNa huA hai| usa pUrva meM bIsa vastu hai arthAt bIsa adhikAra haiN| unameM tIsarI vastu kA nAma AcAra hai| AcAra ke bhI bIsa upavibhAga haiN| bIsaveM prAbhRtaccheda se nizItha kA nirgrahaNa kiyA gayA isa prakAra AcArya jinadAsagaNi mahatara ke anusAra nizItha ke kartA artha kI dRSTi se tIrthakara aura sUtra kI dRSTi se gaNadhara siddha hote haiN| prazna uThatA hai ki bhadrabAhu ko paMcakalpacUrNikAra ne nizItha kA kartA kaise mAnA hai? isakA samAdhAna dazAzrutaskaMdha niyukti meM hai| yahAM para niyuktikAra ne likhA hai ki prastuta dazAe~ aMgapraviSTa AgamoM meM prApta dazAoM se laghu hai ziSyoM ke anugraha hetu ina lamu dazAoM kA ni!haNa sthaviroM ne kiyA paMcakalpabhASya cUrNi ke anusAra ve sthavira bhadrabAhu haiN| saMkSepa meM hama yoM kaha sakate haiM ki artha ke prarUpaka tIrthakara, sUtra ke racayitA gaNadhara aura vartamAna saMkSipta rUpa ke nirmAtA bhadrabAhu svAmI haiN| vIra nirvANa ke 175 varSa ke bIca nizItha kA nirmANa ho cukA thA, aisA asaMdigdha rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai nizIthAdhyayana meM bIsa uddezaka haiM aura 1426 sUtroM meM prAyazcitta kA vidhAna nizItha kA AdhAra aura viSaya varNana nizItha AcArAMga kI pAMcavIM cUlA hai| ise eka svataMtra adhyayana bhI kahate haiN| isIliye isakA dUsarA nAma nizIthAdhyayana bhI hai| isameM bIsa uddezaka haiN| pahale ke 19 uddezakoM meM prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai aura bIsave uddezaka meM prAyazcitta dene kI prakriyA pratipAdita kI gaI hai| utsarga aura apavAda mArga jaina sAdhanA rUpI saritA ke do kinAre haiM, eka utsarga aura dUsarA apvaad| utsarga mArga kA artha hai AMtarika jIvana, cAritra aura sadguNoM ko rakSA, zuddhi aura abhivRddhi ke liye pramukha sAmAnya niyamoM kA vidhAna aura apavAda kA artha hai AMtarika jIvana Adi kI rakSA hetu usako zuddhi eva vRddhi ke liye vizeSa niyamoM kA vidhAna / utsarga aura apavAda donoM kA lakSya eka hai- sAdhaka ko upAsanA ke patha para Age bddh'aanaa| sAmAnya sAdhaka ke mana meM vicAra ho sakatA hai ki jaba utsarga aura apavAda donoM kA lakSya eka hai to phira do rUpa kyoM? jaina saMskRti ke marmajJa manISiyoM ne mAnava kI zArIrika aura mAnasika durbalatA ko lakSya meM rakhakara tathA saMgha ke utkarSa ko dhyAna meM
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________________ nizItha sUtra :rakhakara utsarga aura apavAda kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| bhASyakAra likhate haiM ki samartha sAdhaka ke liye utsarga sthiti meM jina dravyoM kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, asamartha sAdhaka ke liye apavAda kI paristhiti meM vizeSa kAraNa se vaha dravya grAhya bhI ho jAtA hai| jaina AcAra kI mUla ahiMsA hai| anya cAra mahAvrata ahiMsA kA hI vistAra haiN| jahA~ pramAda hai, vahAM hiMsA hai| saMyamI sAdhaka ke jIvana meM apramAda mukhya hotA hai| saMyamI sAdhaka vivekapUrvaka cala rahA hai, pahale use jIva dikhAI nahIM diyA. para jyoM hI kadama AyA ki dikhAI diyaa| bacAne kA prayatna karate hue bhI jIva para pAMva par3a gayA aura vaha mara gyaa| yaha sahasA pratisevanA hai, isameM karmabaMdha nahIM hai| ahiMsA kA ArAdhana zramaNa kA utsarga mArga hai| vaha mana, vacana, kAyA se jIva hiMsA nahIM krtaa| vaha kisI bhI savitta vastu kA sparza nahIM krtaa| yadi anivArya kAraNavaza zramaNa ko U~ce, nIce, TeDhe, mer3he mArga para jAnA par3e to vaha vanaspati kA yA kisI ke hAtha kA sahArA le sakatA hai| yaha apavAdamArga hai| isI prakAra zramaNa sacitta pAnI ko sparza nahIM kara sakatA, para umar3a ghumar3a kara varSA ho rahI ho to zramaNa laghu zaMkA yA dIrgha zaMkA ke liye bAhara jA sakatA hai, kyoMki malamUtra ko balapUrvaka rokane se roga ho sakate haiN| nizIthabhASya meM aise aneka prasaMga haiM ki durbhikSa Adi kI sthiti meM apavAda mArga meM zramaNa AdhA karma AhAra grahaNa kara sakatA hai| jaina sAdhu ke liye yaha vidhAna hai ki vaha cikitsA kI icchA na kare, roga ko zAMti se sahana kare, kintu jaba roga hone para samAdhi na rahe to cikitsA karavA sakatA hai| kintu ise gupta rakhA jAya, kyoMki yadi virodhI AlocanA kareMge to jina dharma kI avahelanA hogii| prAyazcitta aura daMDa meM aMtara hai| prAyazcitta meM sAdhaka apane doSa ko svayaM svIkAra karatA hai| kintu daMDa ko icchA se nahIM apitu vivazatA se svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| daMDa thopA jAtA hai, prAyazcitta hRdaya se svIkAra hotA hai| isIliye rAjanIti meM daMDa kA vidhAna hai, jabaki dharmanIti meM prAyazcitta kaa| saMkSipta sAza prathama uddezaka isameM 58 sUtra haiN| isa uddezaka meM brahmacarya kA niraticAra pAlana karane para bala diyA gayA hai| mahAvratoM meM brahmacarya cauthe sthAna para hai, kintu apanI mahimA ke kAraNa sabhI vratoM meM prathama hai| jo brahmacarya kI ArAdhanA kara letA hai, vaha samasta niyamoM kI ArAdhanA kara letA hai| sabhI vratoM kA mUlAdhAra brahmacarya hai| brahmacarya kI sAdhanA karane vAle sAdhakoM ko niyamoM kA dRr3hatA se pAlana karanA caahiye| isa Agama ke prAraMbha meM hI sarvaprathama yaha sUcita kiyA gayA hai| zarIrika aMgoM ko uttejita karane kA isameM pUrI taraha niSedha kiyA
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________________ mund jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAika gayA hai| dUsarA uddezaka isameM 57 sUtra haiN| pahale ATha sUtroM meM pAdaprocchana ke viSaya meM vicAra hai| purAne phaTe hue kaMbala ke eka hAtha laMbe-caur3e TukaDe ko pAMva-pauchana kahA gayA hai| usake pazcAt itra Adi sugaMdhita padArthoM ko saMghane kA niSedha hai| pagaDaMDI, nAlI, chIMke kA Dhakkana Adi banAne kA niSedha hai| zramaNa ko kaThora bhASA kA upayoga nahIM karanA cAhiye, usase sunane vAle ke mana meM kleza hotA hai| bhASA satya aura sundara honI caahiye| anya ke hRdaya ko vyathita karane vAlI bhASA kA prayoga hiMsA hai| alpa asatya bhASA kA prayoga bhI zramaNa ke liye niSiddha hai, adana vastu grahaNa karanA bhI niSiddha hai, zarIra ko sajAnA, saMvAranA, mUlyavAna vastue~ dhAraNa karanA niSiddha hai| sAdhu camar3e se banI vastuoM kA prayoga nahIM kara skte| isa uddezaka meM jinakA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, unakA laghumAsa prAyazcitta nizcita kiyA gayA hai| tIsarA uddezaka - isameM 80 sUtra haiN| eka se bAraha sUtra taka sAdhu ko dharmazAlA, musAphirakhAnA, ArAmagRha yA gRhasthI ke yahAM ucca stara se AhAra Adi mAMgane kA, sAmUhika bhoja meM bhojana grahaNa karane kA, pairoM ke parimArjana, parimardana, prakSAlana va zarIra ke saMvAhana kA niSedha hai| bAla, nAkhUna Adi kATane kA, zmazAna meM, khAna meM, phala sabjI rakhane ke sthAna meM, upavana meM, dhUpa rahita sthAna meM malavisarjana kA niSedha hai| pAlana na karane vAle ke liye laghumAsika prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| cauthA uddezaka isameM 128 sUtra haiN| rAjA, rAjyarakSaka, nagararakSaka, grAmarakSaka, sImArakSaka, dezarakSaka ko vaza meM karane ke liye unakA guNAnuvAda karanA, sacitta dhAna Adi kA AhAra karanA, AcArya kI AjJA binA dUdha Adi vigaya grahaNa karane kA niSeza hai| sAdhu jIvana kA sAra kSamA hai| krodha meM vicAra-zakti naSTa ho jAtI hai, jisase vaira kA janma hotA hai| kalaha ke mUla meM kaSAya hai| ata: kalaha ko jAgRta karane kA niSedha hai| mAcisa dUsaroM ko jalAne ke pahale khuda jala jAtI hai| vaise hI kalaha karane vAlA svayaM karmabaMdhana karatA hai| kalaha pApa hai, usase bacanA caahiye| pA~cavA~ uddezaka isameM 52 sUtra haiN| sacitta vRkSa kI mUla ke nikaTa baiThanA, khar3A honA, sonA, AhAra karanA, laghuzaMkA karanA, kAusaga karanA, svAdhyAya karanA niSiddha hai| apanI cahara gRhastha se dhulavAnA, adhika laMbI cAdara rakhane kA niSedha hai| palAza, nIma Adi ke pattoM ko dhokara rakhane kA niSedha hai| mukha,
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________________ Reati dA~ta, hoTha, nAka se vINA ke samAna AvAja nikAlane kA niSedha hai| ina sabhI pravRttiyoM kA laghumAsika prAyazcitta AtA hai| chaThA uddezaka isameM 78 sUtra haiN| kuzIla sevana kI bhAvanA se kisI bhI strI kA anunaya karanA, hastamaithuna karanA. zizna kA saMcAlana karanA, kalaha karanA. citra-vicitra vastra dhAraNa karanA, pauSTika AhAra karanA Adi niSiddha hai| aisA karane para guru caumAsI prAyazcitta AtA hai| brahmacarya kI surakSA ke liye ina sabhI pravRttiyoM kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| dila meM vikAra bhAvanA jAgRta hone para kAmenchu kaisI-kaisI pravRttiyA~ karatA hai, unakA manovaijJAnika varNana isa uddezaka meM kiyA gayA hai| sAtavA~ uddezaka isameM 92 sUtra haiN| isameM bhI maithuna saMDa pedha hai| kAmecchA se prerita hokara mAlAyeM kaDe. AbhaSaNa, carma vastra pa. kA niSedha hai| kAmecchA se strI ke aMgopAMga kA saMcAlana karanA, zarIra parikarma karanA, sacitta pRthvI para sonA, baiThanA evaM pazu pakSI ke aMgopAMgoM ko sparza karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| ina pravRttiyoM ko karane vAloM ko guru caumAsI prAyazcitta AtA hai| AThavA~ uddezaka isameM 18 'sUtra haiN| dharmazAlA, udyAna, bhavana, vanamArga, zUnya mArga, tRNagRha, pAnazAlA, dukAna, gozAlA meM akelA sAdhu akelI mahilA ke sAtha rahe, AhAra kare, svAdhyAya kare, zaucAdi kare, vikArotpAdaka vArtAlApa kare, rAtri meM strI parISaha kare, aparimita kathA kare, sAdhviyoM ke sAtha vihAra kare, upAzraya meM rAtri meM mahilAoM ko rahane de, mahilAoM ke sAtha bAhara jAne-Ane kA niSedha hai| pAMca sUtroM meM rAjapiMDa grahaNa kA niSedha hai, grahaNa karane para guru caumAsI prAyazcitta AtA hai| bhagavAna RSabhadeva aura mahAvIra ke sAdhuoM ke liye rAjapiMDa kA niSedha hai, zeSa 22 tIrthaMkaroM ke sAdhuoM ke liye nahIM hai| rAjapiMDa meM cAroM prakAra ke AhAra, vastra, pAtra, kaMbala aura rajoharaNa ina ATha vastuoM ko agrAhya kahA gayA hai| nauvA~ uddezaka isameM 25 sUtra haiN| isameM bhI rAjapiMDa kA niSedha hai| sAdhu ko rAjA ke anta:pura meM praveza nahIM karanA caahiye| anta:pura meM sage-saMbaMdhI yA naukaracAkara ke atirikta koI bhI vyakti praveza nahIM kara sktaa| zramaNa ke aMta:pura meM praveza karane para rAjA ke mana meM usake prati kuzaMkA paidA ho sakatI hai, ata: zramaNa ko aMta:pura praveza kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| dasavA~ uddezaka isameM 41 sUtra haiN| AcArya zramaNasaMgha kA anuzAsaka hai| anaMta
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________________ 438 jinavANI- jainAgama - sAhitya vizeSAGka AsthA kA kendra hai| tIrthakara ke abhAva meM AcArya hI tIrtha kA saMcAlana kartA hai, ataH usake prati Adara sammAna rakhanA pratyeka sAdhaka kA parama karttavya hai / AcArya ke liye sammAnasUcaka zabdoM kA prayoga honA caahie| jo bhikSu AcArya ke prati roSa pUrNa vacana bolatA hai, use guru caumAsI prAyazcina AtA hai / glAna kI vidhipUrvaka sevA na karane para, varSAvAsa meM vihAra karane para, nizcitta dina paryuSaNa na karane para, saMvatsarI ke dina nauvihAra upavAsa na karane para, loca na karane para, varSAvAsa meM vastra grahaNa karane para cAturmAsika prAyazcitta kA kathana hai| gyArahavA~ uddezaka isameM 91 sUtra haiN| isameM lohe, tAMbe, zIze, sIMga, camar3e, vastra ATi ke pAtra meM AhAra karane kA niSedha hai| dharma kI niMdA evaM adharma kI prazaMsa karane kA niSedha hai| divasa bhojana kI niMdA, rAtri bhojana kI prazaMsA, madyamAMsa sevana kA niSedha hai| svacchaMdAcAra kI prazaMsA kA niSedha hai| ayogya ke dIkSita karane kA niSedha hai / aceta yA saceta sAdhu kA akele sAdhviyoM ke sAtha rahanA niSiddha hai| AtmaghAta karane vAle kI prazaMsA karane kA niSedha hai ina doSoM kA sevana karane vAle ko gurucaumAsI prAyazcitta AtA hai| bArahavA~ uddezaka isameM 44 sUtra haiN| pahale sUtra meM sAdhu karuNA se prerita hokara trasa jIva ko na to rassI se bAMdhe na mukta kare / sAdhu ko nispRha bhAva se saMyama sAdhana karanA hai yadi sAdhanA ko bhUla kara anya pravRttiyAM karegA to sAdhanA meM vi aayegaa| yahAM karuNA yA anukaMpA kA prAyazcitta nahIM hai, apitu gRhastha ka sevA aura saMyama viruddha pravRtti kA prAyazcita hai| terahavA~ uddezaka isameM 78 sUtra haiN| sacitta, snigdha, sarajaska, pRthvI para sone, baiThane svAdhyAya karane kA, deharI, snAnapITha, dIvAra, zilA Adi para baiThane kA gRhastha Adi ko zilpa sikhAne kA, kautuka, bhUtikarma, prazna, nimitta lakSaNa Adi ke prayoga kA, dhAtu vidyA yA nidhi batAne kA, pAnI se bhare pAtra, darpaNa maNi, tela, madhu, ghRta Adi meM mu~ha dekhane kA, vamana, virecana yA bala buddhi vRddhi ke liye auSadha sevana kA niSedha hai| aisI pravRttiyA~ karane vAle ko lA caumAsI prAyazcitta AtA hai| caudahavA~ uddezaka isameM 41 sUtra hai / pAtra kharIdanA, udhAra lenA, badalanA, chInanA, pAH meM bhAgIdArI karanA, AjJA binA pAtra lenA, sAmane lAyA huA pAtra lenA vikalAMga yA asamartha ko atirikta pAtra na denA, anupayogI pAtra ko rakhanA pAtra ko vizeSa suMdara yA sugaMdhita banAnA, pariSada se nikala kara pAtra ke
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________________ 439 nizItha sUtra yAcanA karanA, pAtra ke liye mAsakalpa yA cAturmAsa taka rahanA niSiddha hai| ye pravRttiyA~ karane para laghu caumAsI prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| pandrahavA~ uddezaka isameM 154 sUtra hai| pahale cAra meM sAdhu kI AzAtanA kI aura ATha sUtroM meM sacita Amra, AmrapezI, Amracoyaka Adi khAne kA laghu caumAsI prAyazcitta hai| gRhastha se sevA karavAne kA akalpanIya sthAnoM meM malamUtra paThane kA pArzvastha Adi ko AhAra-vastra dene kA niSedha hai| vibhUSA kI dRSTi se zarIra evaM vastroM kA parimArjana niSiddha hai| ye pravRttiyAM karane para laghu caumAsI prAyazcitta AtA hai| solahavA~ uddezaka isameM 50 sUtra haiN| sAdhu ko sAgArika Adi kI zayyA meM praveza kA, sacina I-gaMDerI cUsane kA, araNya, vana, aTavI kI yAtrA karane vAloM se AhAra pAnI lene kA, asaMyamI ko saMyamI aura saMyamI ko asaMyamI kahane kA. kalaha karane vAle tIrthikoM se AhAra pAnI lene kA niSedha hai| satarahavA~ uddezaka isameM 155 sUtra haiN| sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko gRhasthoM se sevA karavAne kA, baMda bartana khulavA kara AhAra lene kA, sacita pRthvI para rakhA AhAra lene kA, tatkAla banA acitta zItala jala lene kA, 'mere zArIrika lakSaNa AcAryapada ke yogya hai' aisA kahane kA niSedha haiN| bAje bajAnA, ha~sanA, nAcanA, pazuoM kI AvAja nikAlanA, vAdya-zravaNa ke prati Asakti kA niSedha hai| isake liye laghu caumAsI prAyazcita kA vidhAna hai| aThArahavA~ uddezaka isameM 73 sUtra haiM / 32 sUtroM meM naukA vihAra ke saMbaMdha meM vividha dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| vaise to sAdhu apkAya jIvoM kI virAdhanA kA pUrNa tyAgI hotA hai, kintu apavAda ke rUpa meM AcArAMga Adi sUtroM meM bhI naukA prayoga kA vidhAna hai| binA samucita kAraNa ke naukA vihAra karane para laghu caumAsI prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| 1 unnIsavA~ uddezaka isameM 35 sUtra haiM / auSadhi kharIda kara maMgavAnA, tIna mAtrA se adhika auSadhi lenA, vihAra meM sAtha rakhanA, asvAdhyAya ke samaya svAdhyAya karane kA niSedha hai / nizItha Adi chedasUtroM kI apAtra ko vAcanA denA, mithyAtviyoM ko, atIrthiyoM ko vAcanA dene kA niSedha hai| bIsavA~ uddezaka isameM 51 sUtra haiN| kapaTayukta aura niSkapaTa AlocanA ke liye isa uddezaka meM vividha prakAra ke prAyazcittoM kA vidhAna hai| niSkapaTa AlocanA
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________________ 1440 ninavANI- jainArAma sAhitya vizeSAGkaH karane vAle ko jitanA prAyazcitta AtA hai, usase eka mAha adhika kapaTayukta AlocanA karane vAle ko prAyazcitta AtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana meM utkRSTa cha: mAsa ke prAyazcitta kA hI vidhAna hai| prAyazcitta bauddha dRSTi meM nizItha ke samAna hI bauddha paraMparA meM vinaya piTaka kA mahattva hai| isameM bhikSu saMgha kA saMvidhAna hai| isameM tathAgata baddha ne bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke pAlane yogya niyamoM kA upedaza diyA hai| isameM aparAdhoM, doSoM evaM prAyazcittoM kA bhI vidhAna hai| buddha ke nirvANa ke bAda dharma saMgha kI maryAdA ko akSuNNa rakhane ke liye prathama bauddha saMgati meM kaThora niyamoM kA gaThana kiyA gyaa| prAyazcitta vaidika daSTi se vaidika saMskRti ke mahAmanISiyoM ne pApoM se mukta hone ke liye vidhi-vidhAna kiye haiN| brAhmaNa hatyA ko sabase bar3A pApa mAnA gayA hai| kAThaka meM bhrUNa hatyA ko brahmahatyA se bhI bar3A pApa mAnA hai| nAradasmRti kA kathana hai ki mAtA, mausI, sAsa, bhAbhI, phUphI, cAcI, mitrapatnI, ziSyapatnI. bahina, putravadhU, AcAryapatnI, sagotranArI, dAI, vratavatI nArI ke sAtha saMbhoga karane para gurutalpa vyabhicAra kA aparAdhI ho jAtA hai| aise duSkRtya ke liye zizna kATane ke sivAya koI daMDa nahIM hai| sArAMza sArAMza yaha hai ki cAhe jaina, bauddha, vaidika koI bhI paraMparA ho, sabhI meM maithuna, corI aura hiMsA ko gaMbhIratama aparAdha mAnA hai| jaina aura bauddha paraMparAoM ne saMgha ko atyadhika mahatva diyaa| prAyazcina ko jo sUciyA~ ina donoM paramparAoM meM hai, usameM kAphI samAnatA hai| bauddha paramparA madhyamamArgIya rahI, isaliye usakI AcAra saMhitA bhI madhyama mArga para hI AdhArita hai| jaina paraMparA ugra aura kaThora sAdhanA para bala detI rahI, isaliye usakI AcAra saMhitA bhI kaThoratA ko liye hue hai| __ gautamadharmasUtra, vaziSThasmRti, manusmRti, yAjJavalkya smRti meM mAtA, bahina, putravadhU Adi ke sAtha vyabhicAra sevana karane vAle ke aMDakoSa aura liMga kATa kara dakSiNa dizA meM jaba taka gira na par3e taba taka calate rahane kA nizItha ke bhASya racayitA zrI saMghadAsagaNi haiN| nizItha cUrNi ke racayitA zrI jinadAsagaNi mahattara hai| nizItha jaise rahasya bhare Agama para vivecana likhanA khela nahIM hai, yaha mahattvapUrNa kArya zrI madhukara muni ne isa para hiMdI meM pravAha pUrNa sundara vivecana kara pUrA kiyA hai| -10/595, caupAsanI hAusiMga borDa, jodhapura