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________________ nirgrantha-sampradAya zramaNa nirgrantha dharma kA paricaya brAhmaNa yA vaidika dharmAnuyAyI saMpradAya kA virodhI saMpradAya zramaNa saMpradAya kahalAtA hai, jo bhArata meM sambhavataH vaidika saMpradAya kA praveza hone ke pahale hI kisI na kisI rUpa meM aura kisI na kisI pradeza meM avazya maujUda thA / zramaNa sampradAya kI zAkhAe~ aura pratizAkhAe~ aneka thIM, jinameM sAMkhya, jaina, bauddha, AjIvaka Adi nAma suvidita haiN| purAnI aneka zramaNa saMpradAya kI zAkhAe~ evaM pratizAkhAe~ jo pahale to vaidika saMpradAya kI virodhinI rahIM para ve eka yA dUsare kAraNa se dhIre dhIre bilakula vaidika saMpradAya meM ghulamila gayI haiM / udAharaNa ke taura para hama vaiSNava aura zaiva saMpradAya kA sUcana kara sakate haiN| purAne vaiSNava aura zaiva zrAgama kevala vaidika saMpradAya se bhinna hI na the para usakA virodha bhI karate the| aura isa kAraNa se vaidika saMpradAya ke samarthaka AcArya bhI purAne vaiSNava aura zaiva AgamoM ko vedavirodhI mAnakara unheM vedabAhya mAnate the / para zrAja hama dekha sakate haiM ki ve hI vaiSNava aura zaiva saMpradAya tathA unakI aneka zAkhAe~ bilakula vaidika sampradAya meM sammilita ho gaI haiM / yahI sthiti sAMkhya saMpradAya kI hai jo pahale vaidika mAnA jAtA thA, para Aja vaidika mAnA jAtA hai / aisA hote hue bhI kucha zramarA saMpradAya abhI aise haiM jo khuda apane ko vaidika hI mAnate - manavAte haiM aura vaidika vidvAn bhI una sampradAyoM ko avaidika hI mAnate Ae haiN| aisA kyoM huA ? yaha prazna bar3e mahattva kA hai / para isakI vizeSa carcA kA yaha sthAna nahIM hai / yahA~ to itanA hI prastuta hai ki pahale se abhI taka bilakula vaidika rahane aura kahalAne vAle saMpradAya abhI jIvita haiM / ina sampradAyoM meM jaina aura bauddha mukhya haiM / yadyapi isa jagaha zrAjIvaka saMpradAya kA bhI nAma diyA jA sakatA hai, para usakA sAhitya aura itihAsa svatantra rUpa se upalabdha na
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________________ nigrantha sampradAya hone ke kAraNa tathA sAtavIM sadI se idhara usakA pravAha anya nAmoM aura svarUpa meM badala jAne ke kAraNa hama yahA~ usakA nirdeza nahIM karate haiN| jaina aura bauddha saMpradAya aneka parivartanazIla paristhitiyoM meM se gujarate hue bhI vaise hI jIvita haiM jaise vaidika-saMpradAya tathA jarathosta, yahUdI, krizciyana Adi dharmamata jIvita haiN| jaina-mata kA pUrA itihAsa to aneka pustakoM meM hI likhA jA sakatA hai| isa jagaha hamArA uddezya jaina-saMpradAya ke prAcIna svarUpa para thor3A sA aitihAsika prakAza DAlanA mAtra hai| prAcIna se hamArA abhiprAya sthUlarUpa meM bha. pAzvanAtha (I0 sa0 pUrva 800) ke samaya se lekara karIba-karIba azoka ke samaya taka kA hai| prAcIna zabda se Upara sUcita karIba pAMca sau varSa daramyAna bhI nimrantha paramparA ke itihAsa meM samAveza pAne vAlI saba bAtoM para vicAra karanA isa lekha kA uddezya nahIM hai kyoMki yaha kAma bhI isa choTe se lekha ke dvArA pUrA nahIM ho sakatA / yahA~ hama jaina-saMpradAya se saMbandha rakhanevAlI inI-ginI unhIM bAtoM para vicAra kareMge jo bauddha piTakoM meM eka yA dUsare rUpa meM milatI haiM, aura jinakA samarthana kisI na kisI rUpa meM prAcIna nigrantha zrAgamoM se bhI hotA hai| zramaNa saMpradAya kI sAmAnya aura saMkSipta pahacAna yaha hai ki vaha na to apauruSeya-anAdirUpa se yA Izvara racitarUpa se vedoM ko prAmANya hI mAnatA hai aura na brAhmaNavarga kA jAtIya yA purohita ke nAte gurupada svIkAra karatA hai, jaisA ki vaidikasaMpradAya vedoM aura brAhmaNa purohitoM ke bAre meM mAnatA va svIkAra karatA hai / sabhI zramaNa saMpradAya apane-apane sampradAya ke puraskartArUpa se kisI na kisI yogyatama puruSa ko mAnakara usake vacanoM ko hI antima pramANa mAnate haiM aura jAti kI apekSA guNa kI pratiSThA karate hue saMnyAsI yA gRhatyAgI varga kA hI gurupada svIkAra karate haiN| prAcInakAla se zramaNa-sampradAyakI sabhI zAkhA-pratizAkhAoM meM guru yA tyAgI varga ke lie nimnalikhita zabda sAdhAraNa rUpa se prayukta hote the / zramaNa, bhikSu, anagAra, yati, sAdhu, tapasvI, parivrAjaka, ahat , jina, tIrthakara Adi / bauddha aura AjIvaka Adi saMpradAyoM kI taraha jaina-saMpradAya bhI apane guruvarga ke lie upayukta zabdoM kA prayoga pahale se hI karatA AyA hai tathApi eka zabda aisA hai ki jisakA prayoga jaina saMpradAya hI apane sAre itihAsa meM pahale se Aja taka apane guruvarga ke lie karatA AyA hai / yaha zabda hai "nirgranya" ( niggantha )' | jaina AgamoM ke 1. AcArAMga 1. 3. 1. 108 /
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________________ 52 jaina dharma aura darzana anusAra niggantha aura bauddhapiTakoM ke anusAra niggaMTha / jahA~ taka hama jAnate haiM, aitihAsika sAdhanoM ke AdhAra para kaha sakate haiM, ki jaina-paraMparA ko chor3akara aura kisI paraMparA meM guruvarga ke lie nimrantha zabda supracalita aura rUDha huA nahIM milatA / isI kAraNa se jaina zAstra "niggaMtha pAvayaNa" arthAt 'nigrantha pravacana' kahA gayA hai / kisI anya-saMpradAya kA zAstra nirgrantha pravacana nahIM kahA jaataa| sva-para mAnyatAe~ aura aitihAsika dRSTi pratyeka jAti aura sampradAya vAle bhinna-bhinna praznoM aura viSayoM ke sambandha meM amuka-amuka mAnyatAe~ rakhate hue dekhe jAte haiM | ve mAnyatAe~ unake diloM meM itanI gaharI jar3a jamAe hue hotI haiM ki unheM apanI vaisI mAnyatAoM ke bAre meM koI sandeha taka nahIM hotaa| agara koI sandeha prakaTa kareM to unheM jAna jAne se bhI adhika coTa pAtI hai| sacamuca una mAnyatAoM meM aneka mAnyatAe~ bilakula sahI hotI haiM, bhale vaisI mAnyatAoM ke dhAraNa karanevAle loga unakA samarthana kara bhI na sakeM. aura samarthana ke sAdhana maujUda hote hue bhI unakA upayoga karanA na jAneM / aisI mAnyatAoM ko hama akSarazaH mAnakara apane taI saMtoSa dhAraNa kara sakate haiM, tathA unake dvArA hama apanA jIvanavikAsa bhI zAyada kara sakate haiM / udAharaNArtha jaina loga zAtaputra mahAvIra ke bAre meM aura bauddha loga tathAgata buddha ke bAre meM apane-apane paraMparAgata saMskAroM ke tathA mAnyatAoM ke AdhAra para bilakula aitihAsika tathyoMkI jA~ca binA kie bhI unakI bhakti-upAsanA tathA unakI jIvanautkrAMti ke anusaraNa ke dvArA apanA AdhyAtmika vikAsa sAdha sakate haiN| phira bhI jaba dUsaroM ke sAmane apanI mAnyatAoM ke rakhane kA tathA apane vicAroM ko sahI sAbita karane kA prazna upasthita hotA hai taba mAtra itanA kahane se kAma nahIM calatA ki 'Apa mere kathana ko mAna lIjie, mujhapara bharosA rkhie| hameM dasaroM ke sammukha apanI bAteM yA mAnyatAe~ pratItikara rUpa se yA vizvasta rUpa se rakhanA ho to isakA sIdhA-sAdA aura sarvamAnya tarIkA yahI hai ki hama aitihAsika dRSTi ke dvArA unake sammukha apanI bAtoM kA tathya sAbita kreN| koI bhI bhinna abhiprAya rakhanevAlA aitihAsika vyakti tathya kA kAyala ho hI jAtA hai / yahI nyAya khuda hamAre apane viSaya meM bhI lAgU hotA hai / dUsaroM ke bAre meM hamArA kaisA bhI pUrvagraha kyoM na ho para jaba hama aitihAsika dRSTi se apane pUrvagraha kI jA~ca kareMge to hama satya-patha para saralatA se pA skeNge| ajJAna, bhrama aura vahama jo bhinna-bhinna jAtiyoM aura sampradAyoM meM lambI-caur3I khAI paidA karate haiM arthAt unake 2. bhagavatI 6. 6. 383
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________________ nirmantha-sampradAya 5.3 diloM ko eka dUsare se dUra rakhate haiM unakA saralatA se nAza karake diloM kI khAI pATane kA eka mAtra sAdhana aitihAsika dRSTi kA upayoga hai / isa kAraNa se yahA~ hama nirgrantha saMpradAya se saMbaMdha rakhane vAlI kucha bAtoM kI aitihAsika dRSTi se jAMca karake unakA aitihAsika mUlya prakaTa karanA cAhate haiM / I jina ine-gine muddoM aura praznoM ke bAre meM jaina- sampradAya ko pahale kabhI saMdeha na thA una praznoM ke bAre meM videzI vidvAnoM kI rAyane kevala auroM ke dila meM hI nahIM balki paraMparAgata jaina saMskAravAloM ke dila meM bhI thor3A bahuta saMdeha paidA kara diyA thA / yahA~ hameM yaha vicAra karanA cAhie ki Akhira meM aisA hotA kyoM hai ? videzI vidvAn eka aMta para the to hama dUsare aMta para the / videzI vidvAnoM kI saMzodhaka vRtti aura satya dRSTi ne navayuga para itanA prabhAva jamA diyA thA ki koI unakI rAya ke khilApha balapUrvaka aura dalIla ke sAtha apanA mata pratipAdita nahIM kara sakatA thA / hamAre pAsa apanI mAnyatA ke poSaka akATya aitihAsika sAdhana hote hue bhI hama na sAdhanoM kA apane pakSa meM yathArtha rUpa se pUrA upayoga karanA jAnate na the / isalie hamAre sAmane zurU meM do hI rAste the / yA to hama videzI vidvAnoM kI rAya ko binA dalIla kie jhUTha kaha kara zramAnya kareM, yA apane pakSa kI dalIla ke abhAva se aitihAsikoM kI vaijJAnika dRSTi ke prabhAva meM Akara hama apanI satya bAta ko bhI nAsamajhI se chor3akara videzI vidvAnoM kI khojoM ko mAna leM | hamAre pAsa paramparA ke saMskAroM ke alAvA apanI-apanI mAnyatA ke samarthaka aneka aitihAsika pramANa maujUda the| hama kevala unakA upayoga karanA nahIM jAnate the / jaba ki videzI vidvAn aitihAsika sAdhanoM kA upayoga karanA to jAnate the para zurU-zurU meM unake pAsa aitihAsika sAvana pUre na the| isalie adhUre sAdhanoM se ve kisI bAta para eka nirNaya prakaTa karate the to hama sAdhanoM ke hote hue bhI unakA upayoga binA kie hI bilakula usa bAta para virodhI nirNaya rakhate the / isa taraha eka hI bAta para yA eka hI mudde para do paraspara virodhI nirNayoM ke sAmane Ane se navayuga kA vyakti apane Apa saMdehazIla ho jAe to isameM koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai| hama uparyukta vicAra ko eka grAma udAharaNa se samajhAne kI ceSTA karate haiM / aitihAsika dRSTi kA mUlyAGkana jaina-paramparA, bauddha paramparA se purAnI hai aura usake aMtima puraskatA mahAvIra buddha se bhinna vyakti haiM isa viSaya meM kisI bhI jaina vyakti ko kabhI saMdeha na thA / aisI satya aura saMdigdha vastu ke khilApha bhI videzI vidvAnoM kI rAyeM prakaTa hone
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________________ 54 jaina dharma aura darzana lgiiN| zurU meM pro0 lAsena ne likhA ki 'buddha aura mahAvIra eka hI vyakti haiM kyoMki jaina aura buddha-paramparA kI mAnyatAoM meM anekavidha samAnatA hai|' thoDe varSoM ke bAda adhika sAdhanoM kI upalabdhi tathA adhyayana ke bala para pro0 vevara Adi vidvAnoM ne yaha mata prakaTa kiyA ki 'jainadharma bauddhadharma kI eka zAkhA hai| vaha usase svataMtra nahIM hai|' Age jAkara vizeSa sAdhanoM kI upalabdhi aura vizeSa parIkSA ke bala para pro0 yAkobI ne uparyukta donoM matoM kA nirAkaraNa karake yaha sthApita kiyA ki 'jaina aura bauddha sampradAya donoM svatantra haiM itanA hI nahIM balki jaina sampradAya bauddha sampradAya se purAnA bhI hai aura jJAtaputra mahAvIra to usa sampradAya ke aMtima puraskartA mAtra haiN|' karIba savA sau varSa jitane parimita kAla meM eka hI mudde para aitihAsikoM kI rAya badalatI rhii| para isa bIca meM kisI jaina ne apanI yathArtha bAta ko bhI usa aitihAsika DhaMga se duniyA ke samakSa na rakhA jisa DhaMga se pro0 yAkobI ne aMta meM rkhaa| yAkobI ke nikaTa adhikatara sAdhana ve hI the jo pratyeka jaina vidvAn ke pAsa anAyAsa hI upalabdha rahate haiN| yAkobI ne kevala yahI kiyA ki jaina granthoM meM Ane vAlI hakIkatoM kA bauddha Adi vAGmaya meM varNita hakIkatoM ke sAtha milAna karake aitihAsika dRSTi se parIkSA kI aura aMta meM jainasampradAya kI mAnyatA kI sacAI para muhara lagA dii| jo bAta hama jaina loga mAnate the usameM yAkobI ne koI vRddhi nahIM kI phira bhI jaina sampradAya kI bauddha sampradAya se prAcInatA aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kA tathAgata buddha kI apekSA svatantra vyaktitva ina do muddoM para hamAre sAmpradAyika jaina vidvAnoM ke abhiprAya kA vaha sArvajanika mUlya nahIM hai jo yAkobI ke abhiprAya kA hai| pAThaka isa aMtara kA rahasya svayameva samajha sakate haiM ki yAkobI upalabdha aitihAsika sAdhanoM ke balAbala kI parIkSA karake kahate haiM jaba ki sAmpradAyika jaina vidvAn kevala sAmpradAyika mAnyatA ko kisI bhI prakAra kI parIkSA ninA kie hI prakaTa karate haiN| isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki sArvajanika mAnasa parIkSita satya ko jitanA mAnatA hai utanA aparIkSita satya ko nahIM mAnatA / isalie hama isa lekha meM nirgrantha sampradAya se saMbandha rakhane vAlI kucha bAtoM para aitihAsika parIkSA ke dvArA prakAza DAlanA cAhate haiM, jisase pAThaka yaha jAna sakeMge ki nirgrantha sampradAya ke bAre meM jo mantavya jaina sampradAya meM pracalita haiM ve kahA~ taka satya haiM aura unheM kitanA aitihAsika AdhAra hai / 3. S. B. E. Vol. 22 Introduction P. 19 4. vahI P. 18 5. vahI
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________________ nirmantha-sampradAya zrAgamika sAhitya kA aitihAsika sthAna nirgrantha sampradAya ke pracAra aura tattvajJAna se saMbandha rakhane vAle jina muddoM para hama aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra karanA cAhate haiM ve mudde jaina zrAgamika sAhitya meM jyoM ke tyoM mila jAte haiM to phira usI Agamika sAhitya ke AdhAra para unheM yathArtha mAnakara kyoM saMtoSa dhAraNa na kiyA jAe ? yaha prazna kisI bhI zraddhAlu jaina ke dila meM paidA ho sakatA hai / isaliye yahA~ yaha bhI batalAnA jarUrI ho jAtA hai ki hama jaina zrAgamika sAhitya meM kahI huI bAtoM kI jA~ca-par3atAla kyoM karate haiM ? hamAre sammukha mukhyatayA do varga maujUda haiM- eka to aisA hai jo mAtra prAcIna AgamoM ko hI nahIM para unakI TIkA anuTIkA Adi bAda ke sAhitya ko bhI akSarazaH sarvazapraNIta yA tatsadRza mAnakara hI apanI rAya ko banAtA hai| dUsarA varga vaha hai jo yA to gamoM ko aura bAda kI vyAkhyAoM ko aMzataH mAnatA hai| yA bilakula nahIM mAnatA hai / aisI dazA meM Agamika sAhitya ke AdhAra para nirvivAda rUpa se saba ke sammukha koI bAta rakhanI ho to yaha jarUrI ho jAtA hai| ki prAcIna AgamoM aura unakI vyAkhyAoM meM kahI huI bAtoM kI yathArthatA bAharI sAdhanoM se jA~cI jaae| agara bAharI sAdhana zrAgama varNita vastuoM kA samarthana karatA hai to mAnanA par3egA ki AgamabhAga avazya pramANabhUta hai| bAharI sAdhanoM se pUrA samarthana pAnevAle zrAgamabhAgoM ko phira hama eka yA dUsare kAraNa se kRtrima kahakara pheMka nahIM de sakate / isa taraha aitihAsika parIkSA jahA~ eka ora zrAgamika sAhitya ko arvAcIna yA kRtrima kahakara bilakula nahIM mAnane vAle ko usakA sApekSa prAmANya mAnane ke lie bAdhita karatI hai vahA~ dUsarI aura vaha parIkSA Agama sAhitya ko bilakula sarvajJapraNIta mAna kara jyoM kA tyoM mAnane vAle ko usakA prAmANya vivekapUrvaka mAnane kI bhI zikSA detI hai / hama dekheMge ki aisA bAharI sAdhana kauna hai jo nirgrantha sampradAya ke Agama kathita prAcIna svarUpa kA sIdhA prabala samarthana karatA ho / jainAgama aura bauddhAgama kA saMbaMdha yadyapi prAcIna bauddhapiTaka aura prAcIna vaidika paurANika sAhitya ye donoM prastuta parIkSA meM sahAyakArI haiM, to bhI Agama kathita nirgrantha sampradAya ke sAtha jitanA aura jaisA sIdhA saMbandha bauddha piTakoM kA hai utanA aura vaisA saMbaMdha vaidika yA paurANika sAhitya kA nahIM hai / isake nimnalikhita kAraNa haiM 1 eka to -- jaina saMpradAya aura bauddha sampradAya - donoM hI bhramaNa saMpradAya haiM ataeva inakA saMbaMdha bhrAtRbhAva jaisA hai / H
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________________ jaina dharma aura darzana dUsarA - bauddha saMpradAya ke sthApaka gautama buddha tathA nirgrantha saMpradAya ke antimapuraskartA jJAtaputra mahAvIra donoM samakAlIna the / ve kevala samakAlIna hI nahIM balki samAna yA eka hI kSetra meM jIvana-yApana karanevAle rhe| donoM kI pravRtti kA dhAma eka pradeza hI nahIM balki eka hI zahara, eka hI muhallA, aura eka hI kuTumba bhI rhaa| donoM ke anuyAyI bhI Apasa meM milate aura apane-apane pUjya puruSa ke upadezoM tathA zrAcAroM para mitrabhAva se yA pratisparddhibhAva se carcA bhI karate the | itanA hI nahIM balki aneka anuyAyI aise bhI hue jo donoM mahApuruSoM ko samAna bhAva se mAnate the / kucha aise bhI anuyAyI the jo pahale kisI eka ke anu thAyI rahe para bAda meM dUsare ke anuyAyI hue, mAnoM mahAvIra aura buddha ke anuyAyI aise par3ausI yA aise kuTumbI the jinakA sAmAjika saMbandha bahuta nikaTa kA thA / kahanA to aisA cAhie ki mAnoM eka hI kuTumba ke aneka sadasya bhinna-bhinna mAnyatAe~ rakhate the jaise Aja bhI dekhe jAte haiM / " 56 tIsarA --- nigrantha saMpradAya kI aneka bAtoM kA buddha ne tathA unake samakAlIna ziSyoM ne A~khoM dekhA-sA varNana kiyA hai, bhale hI vaha khaNDanadRSTi se kiyA ho yA prAsaMgika rUpa se / 7 jo buddha ke yA unake saMgrahamAtra haiN| Age bauddha-piTakoM ke jisa-jisa bhAga meM nigrantha saMpradAya se saMbandha rakhanevAlI bAta kA nirdeza hai vaha saba bhAga khuda buddha kA sAkSAt zabda hai aisA mAnA nahIM jA sakatA, phira bhI aise bhAgoM meM amuka aMza aisA avazya haiM samakAlIna ziSyoM ke yA to zabda haiM yA unake nijI bhAvoM ke bauddha bhikSuoM ne jo nigrantha saMpradAya ke bhinna-bhinna zrAcAroM yA maMtavyoM para TIkA yA samAlocanA jArI rakhI hai vaha dara asala koI naI vastu na hokara tathAgata buddha kI nigrantha AcAra-vicAra ke prati jo dRSTi thI usakA nAnA rUpa meM vistAra mAtra hai / khuda buddha dvArA kI huI nigrantha sampradAya kI samAlocanA samakAlIna aura uttarakAlIna bhikSuoM ke sAmane na hotI to ve nigranthi saMpradAya ke bhinna-bhinna pahalunoM ke Upara punarukti kA aura piSTapeSaNa kA bhaya banA rakhe itanA adhika vistAra cAlU na rakhate / upalabdha bauddha piTaka kA bahuta bar3A hissA azoka ke samaya taka meM sunizcita aura sthira ho gayA mAnA jAtA hai / buddha ke jIvana se lekara azoka ke samaya taka ke karIba DhAI sau varSa meM bauddha piTakoM kA upalabdha svarUpa aura parimANa racita, grathita aura saMkalita huA / ina DhAI sau varSoM ke daramyAna nae-nae 6. upAsakadazAMga zra0 8 / ityAdi. 7 majjhimanikAya - sunta 14, 56 / dIghanikAya sutta 26, 33/
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________________ nirgrantha-sampradAya 57 stara Ate gae haiN| para unameM buddha ke samakAlIna purAne stara-cAhe bhASA aura racanA ke parivartana ke sAtha hI sahI bhI avazya haiN| Age ke stara bahudhA purAne staroM ke dA~ce aura purAne staroM ke viSayoM para hI banate aura bar3hate gae haiN| isalie bauddha piTakoM meM pAyA jAnevAlA nirgrantha saMpradAya ke AcAra-vicAra kA nirdeza aitihAsika dRSTi se bahuta mUlyavAn hai| phira hama jaba bauddha phirakAgata nigrantha saMpradAya ke nirdezoM ko khuda nimrantha pravacana rUpa se upalabdha zrAgamika sAhitya ke nirdezoM ke sAtha zabda aura bhAva kI dRSTi se milAte haiM to isameM saMdeha nahIM raha jAtA ki donoM nirdeza pramANabhUta haiM; bhale hI donoM bAjuoM meM vAdi-prativAdi bhAva rahA ho / jaise bauddha piTakoM kI racanA aura saMkalanA kI sthiti hai karIba-karIba vaisI hI sthiti prAcIna nigrantha AgamoM kI hai| buddha aura mahAvIra buddha aura mahAvIra samakAlIna the| donoM zramaNa saMpradAya ke samarthaka the, phira bhI donoM kA aMtara binA jAne hama kisI natIje para pahu~ca nahIM sakate / pahalA aMtara to yaha hai ki buddhane mahAbhiniSkramaNa se lekara apanA nayA mArga-dharmacakrapravartana kiyA, taba taka ke chaH varSoM meM usa samaya pracalita bhinna-bhinna tapasvI aura yogI saMpradAyoM ko eka-eka karake svIkAra-parityAga kiyaa| aura anta meM apane anubhava ke bala para nayA hI mArga prasthApita kiyA / jaba ki mahAvIra ko kula paraMparA se jo dharmamArga prApta thA usako svIkAra karake ve Age bar3he aura usa kuladharma meM apanI sUjha aura zakti ke anusAra sudhAra yA zuddhi kii| eka kA mAga purAne paMthoM ke tyAga ke bAda nayA dharma-sthApana thA to dUsare kA mArga kuladharma kA saMzodhana mAtra thA / isIlie hama dekhate haiM ki buddha jagaha-jagaha pUrva svIkRta ora asvIkRta aneka paMthoM kI samAlocanA karate haiM aura kahate haiM ki amuka paMtha kA amuka nAyaka amuka mAnatA hai, dUsarA amuka mAnatA hai para maiM isameM sammata nahIM, maiM to aisA mAnatA hU~ ityAdi buddha ne piTaka bhara meM aisA kahIM nahIM kahA ki maiM jo kahatA hU~ vaha mAtra purAnA hai, maiM to usakA pracAraka mAtra hU~ / buddha ke sAre kathana ke pIche eka hI bhAva hai aura vaha yaha hai ki merA mArga khuda apanI khoja kA phala hai / jaba ki mahAvIra aisA nahIM khte| kyoMki eka bAra pAzrthApatyikoM ne mahAvIra se kucha prazna kie to unhoMne pApityikoM ko pArzvanAtha ke hI vacana kI sAkSI dekara apane pakSa meM kiyA hai| yahI samaya hai ki buddha ne apane mata ke sAtha dUsare 8. majhima0 56 / aMguttara Vol. I. P. 206 Vol. III P. 883 6. bhagavatI 5. 6. 225
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________________ jaina dharma aura darzana kisI samakAlIna yA pUrvakAlIna mata kA samanvaya nahIM kiyA hai| unhoMne kevala apane mata kI vizeSatAtroM ko dikhAyA hai / jabaki mahAvIra ne aisA nahIM kiyA / unhoMne pArzvanAtha ke tatkAlIna saMpradAya ke anuyAyiyoM ke sAtha apane sudhAra kA yA parivartanoM kA samanvaya kiyA hai| deg / isalie mahAvIra kA mArga pAzvanAtha ke saMpradAya ke sAtha unako samanvayavRtti kA sUcaka hai / nirantha-paraMparA kA buddha para prabhAva buddha aura mahAvIra ke bIca lakSya dene yogya dUsarA aMtara jIvanakAla kA hai / buddha 80 varSa ke hokara nirvANa ko prApta hue jaba ki mahAvIra 72 varSa ke hokara / aba to yaha sAbita-sA ho gayA hai ki buddha kA nirvANa pahale aura mahAvIra kA pIche huyA hai|' 1 isa taraha mahAvIra kI apekSA buddha kucha bRddha avazya the| itanA hI nahIM para mahAvIra ne svataMtra rUpa se dharmopadeza denA prArambha kiyA isake pahale hI buddha ne apanA mArga sthApita karanA zurU kara diyA thaa| buddha ko apane mArga meM nae-nae anuyAyiyoM ko juTA kara hI bala bar3hAnA thA, jaba ki mahAvIra ko nae anuyAyiyoM ko banAne ke sivAya pArzva ke purAne anuyAyiyoM ko bhI apane prabhAva meM aura AsapAsa jamAe rakhanA thA / tatkAlIna anya satra panthoM ke maMtavyoM kI pUrI cikitsA yA khaMDana binA kie buddha apanI saMgha-racanA meM saphala nahIM ho sakate the / jaba ki mahA vIra kA prazna kucha nirAlA thaa| kyoMki apane cAritra va tejobala se pArzvanAtha ke tatkAlIna anuyAyiyoM kA mana jIta lene mAtra se ve mahAvIrake anuyAyI bana hI jAte the, isalie nae-nae anuyAyiyoM kI bharatI kA savAla unake sAmane itanA tIvra na thA jitanA buddha ke sAmane thA / isalie hama dekhate haiM ki buddha kA sArA upadeza dUsaroM kI AlocanApUrvaka hI dekhA jAtA hai| buddha ne apanA mArga zurU karane ke pahale jina panthoM ko eka-eka karake chor3A unameM eka nimrantha paMtha bhI AtA hai| buddha ne apanI pUrva-jIvanI kA jo hAla kahA hai12 usako par3hane aura usakA jaina zrAgamoM meM varNita prAcAroM ke sAtha milAna karane se yaha niHsaMdeha rUpa se jAna par3atA hai ki buddha ne anya panthoM kI taraha nigrantha pantha meM bhI ThIka-ThIka jIvana bitAyA thA, bhale hI vaha svalpakAlIna ho rahA ho / buddha ke sAdhanAkAlIna prArambhika varSoM meM mahAvIra ne to apanA mArga zurU kiyA hI na thA aura usa samaya pUrva pradeza meM pArzvanAtha ke sivAtha dUsarA koI 10. uttarAdhyayana a0 23. 11. vIrasaMvat aura jaina kaalgnnnaa| 'bhAratIya vidyA' tRtIya bhAga pR0 177 / 12. majjhima su0 26 / pro0 kozAMtrIkRta buddhacarita (gujarAtI)
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________________ nirgrantha-sampradAya nintha pantha na thaa| ataeva siddha hai ki buddha ne thor3e hI samaya ke lie kyoM na ho para pArzvanAtha ke nirgrantha-saMpradAya kA jIvana vyatIta kiyA thaa| yahI sababa hai ki buddha jaba nigrantha saMpradAya ke prAcAra-vicAroM kI samAlocanA karate haiM taba nigrantha saMpradAya meM pratiSThita aise tapa ke Upara tIvra prahAra karate haiM / aura yahI sababa hai ki nigrantha sampradAya ke prAcAra aura vicAra kA ThIka-ThIka usI sampradAya kI paribhASA meM varNana karake ve usakA prativAda karate haiN| mahAvIra aura buddha donoM kA upadeza kAla amuka samaya taka avazya hI eka par3atA hai| itanA hI nahIM para ve donoM aneka sthAnoM meM binA mile bhI sAtha-sAtha vicarate haiM, isalie hama yaha bhI dekhate haiM ki piTakoM meM 'nAtaputta niggaMTha' rUpa se mahAvIra kA nirdeza AtA hai| prAcIna AcAra-vicAra ke kucha mudde Upara kI vicAra bhUmikA ko dhyAna meM rakhane se hI Age kI carcA kA vAstavikatva saralatA se samajha meM A sakatA hai| bauddha piTakoM meM AI huI carcAoM ke Upara se nimrantha sampradAya ke bAharI aura bhItarI svarUpa ke bAre meM nIce likhe mudde mukhyatayA phalita hote haiM--- 1--sAmiSa-nirAmiSa-zrAhAra-[khAdyAkhAdya-viveka 2-acelatva-sacelatva 3-tapa 4-AcAra-vicAra 5--caturyAma 6-uposatha-pauSadha 7-bhASA-vicAra 8-tridaNDa 6-lezyA-vicAra 10. sarvajJava inhIM para yahA~ hama aitihAsika dRSTi se UhApoha karanA cAhate haiN| 13. dIpa0 su0 2 /