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________________ bhagavAn neminAtha evaM rAjamatI se saMbaMdhita hindI-racanAe~ --zrI vedaprakAza garga jana dharma bhArata kA prAcInatama dharma hai / isa dharma ke 24 tIrthakara bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM jange, sAdhanA karake sarvajJa bane aura aneka pradezoM meM ghUmakara dharma-pracAra kiyA / una tIrthaMkaroM meM sarvaprathama bhagavAn RSabhadeva hue, jinake jyeSTha putra bharata ke nAma para isa deza kA nAma bhAratavarSa pdd'aa| bhArata bhUmi ke 'bhogabhUmi' rUpa ko 'karmabhUmi' rUpa meM pariNata karane ke kAraNa vartamAna sabhyatA aura saMskRti, vidyA aura kalA ke prathama puraskartA bhagavAna RSabhadeva hI mAne jAte haiN| AdinAtha bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI paramparA meM 22veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn neminAtha' (anya nAma ariSTanemi) hue| ye jaina paramparA ke atyanta mAnya evaM lokapriya tIrthakara hue haiN| inakA janma braja pradeza ke zaurIpura' nAmaka nagara meM huA thA, jo Aja bhI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM vikhyAta hai aura samaya-samaya para jaina yAtrI bhagavAna neminAtha jI kI isa janmabhUmi kI yAtrA karake apanA ahobhAgya mAnate haiN| unake kAraNa hI yaha pradeza sabhI jaina dharmAvalambiyoM dvArA sadA se puNya sthala mAnA jAtA rahA hai| inake pitA yadu-vaMza ke rAjA samudravijaya the aura inakI mAtA kA nAma zivAdevI thaa| inakI bAlyAvasthA meM hI yAdavagaNa pazcimI samudra ke kinAre saurASTra meM dvArakApurI meM cale gaye the| vAsudeva kRSNa inake cacere bhAI the| nemiprabhu bar3e parAkramI the| inakA vivAha rAjA ugrasena kI beTI rAjamatI (rAjula)" se honA nizcita huA thA, kintu jaba bArAta lekara ve rAjula ko byAhane pahuMce to bahuta-se pazu-pakSiyoM ko eka bAr3e meM cItkAra karate dekhakara apane sAthiyoM se pUchA ki itane pazu-pakSiyoM ko yahAM kyoM ekatra kiyA gayA hai aura ye krandana kyoM kara rahe haiM? taba sArathI ne kahA ki ye mAMsa-premI barAtiyoM ke bhojanArtha ekatrita kiye gaye haiM aura marane ke bhaya se cotkAra kara rahe haiN| yaha sunakara neminAtha jI kA parama ahiMsaka hRdaya tar3apa utthaa| ve saMsAra kI isa mAMsAhArI vRtti aura bhoga-lipsA ke isa nArakIya dRzya ko dekhakara lokottara virakti se bhara gaye / unhoMne apane pitA 1. inhoMne 'zaMkha' ke janma meM tIrthakaratva kI sAdhanA kI thii| yahI zaMkha janmAntara meM tIrthaMkara neminAtha hue| inakI janma-tithi kisI ne zrAvaNa paMcamI maura kisI ne kArtika kRSNA dvAdazI likhI hai| bhASAr3ha zuklA aSTamI inakI nirvANa tithi mAnI jAtI hai| nirvANa sthala 'urjayanta' giranAra (jise revantagiri bhI kahate the), caitya vRkSa vetasa tathA cihna zaMkha hai| 2. baTezvara nAmaka grAma se lagabhaga eka mIla dara yaha zaurIpara jaina tIrtha digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM saMpradAyoM ko mAnya hai| donoM ke yahA~ mandira bane hue hai jinameM se digambara maMdira meM kaI prAcIna mUrtiyAM aura pavazeSa prApta haiN| purAtatva kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa bhaneka prAcIna vastue~ zorIpura vaMsAvazeSoM se prApta huI haiN| kaMnighama ne yahA~ se aisI aneka vastanoM kA saMgraha kiyA thaa| kisI-kisI ne dvArAvatI meM hI inakA janma honA likhA hai| 5vIM zatI ke lagabhaga gaNivAcaka saMghadAsa dvArA racita 'vasa deva hiMhi' nAmaka prAcIna kalA-graMtha meM likhA hai ki harivaMza meM zorI maura bIra nAmaka do bhAI hue| jinameM zaurI ne zorIpara bhora vIra ne zauvIra nAmaka nagara bsaayaa| zaurI ke putra andhaka vRSNi ke bhadrArANI se samudravijaya mAdi 10 putra hue paura kaMtI va mAdI do kanyAyeM huii| vIra ke putra bhoja vRSNi he| unakA putra ugrasena hayA aura ugrasena ke bandhu, subandhu evaM kaMsa prAdi 6 putra hue| inameM se samudravijaya ne zorIpura meM praura ugrasena evaM kasa ne mathurA kA rAjya kiyaa| samudravijaya ke putra ariSTanemi yA neminAtha hae, jo bhAge calakara 22veM tIrthakara khlaaye| samudravijaya ke choTe bhAI vasudeva ke putra zrIkRSNa hue jinhoMne kasa ko mAra kara mathurA kA rAjya liyA, kintu magadha ke parAkramI rAjA jarAsaMdha ke bhaya se kRSNa aura samudravijaya ko yAdavoM ke sAtha vahA~ se prayANa karanA pdd'aa| ve pazcimI samudra taTavartI saurASTra pradeza meM pahuMce aura vahAM dvArikA nagarI basAkara yAdavoM sahita zrIkRSNa ne lambe samaya taka rAjya kiyaa| samudravijaya ke pazcAt ariSTanemi hI yAdava rAjya ke vAstavika uttarAdhikArI the kintu yuvAvasthA meM hI virakta ho jAne ke kAraNa inhoMne rAjyAdhikAra kA tyAga kiyA thaa| usake phalasvarUpa vasudeva aura phira kRSNa balarAma zorIpura ke adhipati hue the| 4. ugrasena ko kisI ne mathurA kA rAjA likhA hai aura kisI ne unheM jUnAgar3ha kA padhipati batalAyA hai| 5. kisI-kisI ne inheM bhoja-punI bhI likhA hai arthAt ugrasena kI bahana / AcAryaratna zrI vezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana anya
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________________ se kahA ki "mere vivAha ke nimitta isane pazu-pakSI mAre jAyeM, aisA vivAha mujhe nahIM karanA hai| aba vivAha karUMgA to basa mukti-vadhU se / " sabhI logoM ne unheM bahuta samajhAyA, para dayAlu neminAtha jI ne jo nizcaya kiyA, vaha kaha diyA, usase Tasa se masa nahIM hue / unhoMne vivAha-paridhAna utAra pheNke| ve una nirIha jIvoM kI hiMsA kI AzaMkA se itane dravIbhUta hue ki ve usI samaya virakta hokara aura rAjamatI ko anabyAhI chor3akara binA kisI kI pratIkSA kiye dvArakA kI ora mur3a cale tathA urjayanta giri para jA dIkSA lekara tapasyA karane lage / cauvana dina taka tapasyA karane ke bAda unheM kaivalya kI prApti ho gii| unakI dharma sabhAoM kA Ayojana hone lagA / bahuta varSoM taka dharmopadeza dekara anta meM giranAra parvata para sudIrgha tapazcaraNa ke pazcAt tIrthaMkara neminAtha jI ne mokSa prApta kiyaa| isa prakAra unhoMne jaina dharma ke mUla siddhAnta 'ahiMsA' aura 'tapa' ko caritArtha kara zramaNa paramparA kI puSTi kI thI / rAjamatI sacce mana se neminAtha ko vara cukI thii| vaha parama pativratA thI / ataH jaba use apane bhAvI prANanAtha kI virakti kA patA calA to bahutoM ke samajhAne para bhI yaha dUsare se vivAha karane ke prastAva se sahamata nahIM huI aura neminAtha ke pAsa giranAra pahuMcakara unhIM se dIkSA grahaNa kara tapasvinI bana gii| isa prakAra rAjamatI ne eka bAra mana se nizcita kiye hue pati ke atirikta kisI se bhI vivAha na kara apane pati kA anugamana karake mahAn satI kA Adarza upasthita kiyaa| jaina samAja meM jisa taraha bhagavAn neminAtha kA smaraNa va stavana kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra 24 mahAsatiyoM meM rAjamatI kA pavitra nAma bhI prAtaHsmaraNIya hai / aba se kucha samaya pUrva taka itihAsakAra zrI neminAtha jI kI aitihAsikatA para vizvAsa nahIM karate the, kintu aisA nahIM hai / kitane hI itihAsajJa evaM purAtatthA aba unake aitihAsika hone meM sandeha nahIM krte| neminAtha zrIkRSNa ke tAUjAta bhAI the aura zrIkRSNa kI aitihAsikatA asaMdigdha hai| ataH neminAtha jI ko aitihAsika mahApuruSa na mAnane kA koI kAraNa vizeSa pratIta nahIM hotaa| ve bhI apane cacere bhAI kRSNa kI taraha hI aitihAsika mahApuruSa haiN| donoM kA samaya mahAbhArata yuddha pUrva hai, use hI kRSNa-kAla kahA jAtA hai / zrIkRSNa kisa kAla meM vidyamAna the, isa viSaya meM vidvAnoM meM mataikya nahIM hai / Adhunika vidvAn itihAsa aura purAtatva ke jina anusaMdhAnoM ke AdhAra para kRSNa-kAla ko 3500 varSa se adhika purAnA nahIM mAnate ve ekAMgI aura apUrNa haiN|' bhAratIya mAnyatA ke anusAra vaha 5000 varSa se bhI adhika prAcIna hai / yaha mAnyatA korI kalpanA athavA kiMvadaMtI para AdhArita nahIM hai, apitu isakA vaijJAnika aura aitihAsika AdhAra hai / jyotiSa, purAtatva aura itihAsa ke pramANoM se paripuSTa isa bhAratIya mAnyatA ko na svIkArane kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai| ataH neminAtha jI kA samaya bhI yahI hai / neminAtha jI kI aitihAsikatA kA eka purAtAtvika pramANa bhI prApta huA hai / DA0 prANanAtha vidyAlaMkAra ne 16 mArca, 1655 ke sAptAhika 'TAimsa Apha iNDiyA' meM kAThiyAvAr3a se prApta eka prAcIna tAmra zAsana patra kA vivaraNa prakAzita karAyA thA / unake anusAra isa dAna-patra para aMkita lekha kA bhAva yaha hai ki sumera jAti meM utpanna bAbula ke khildiyana samrAT nebuceda najara ne jo revA nagara ( kAThiyAvAr3a) kA adhipati hai, yadurAja kI isa bhUmi (dvArakA) meM Akara revAcala ( giranAra ) ke svAmI neminAtha kI bhakti kI tathA unakI sevA meM dAna arpita kiyA / " isa para unakI mudrA bhI a Mkita hai| unakA kAla 1140 I0 pU0 anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / isa dAna patra kI upalabdhi ke pazcAt to neminAtha jI kI aitihAsikatA evaM samaya para sandeha karane kA koI kAraNa hI zeSa nahIM rhtaa|" 1. kaivalya prApti ke bAda prariSTanemi ho neminAtha kahalAye aura unheM tIrthaMkara mAnA gayA / inake kAraNa zUrasena pradeza aura kRSNa kA janmasthAna mathurA nagara jaina dharma ke tIrtha sthala mAne jAne lage / 2. prAdhyAtmika vikAsa ke uccatama zikhara para pahu~cane vAle mahApuruSoM ko jaina dharma meM tIrthaMkara kahA jAtA hai| tIrthaMkara rAga-dveSa, bhaya, bhrAzcarya, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, cintA yAdi vikAroM se sarvathA rahita hote haiM tathA kevaladarzana aura kevalajJAna se yukta hote haiM / 3. kucha mahAnubhAvoM kA anumAna hai ki jina ariSTanemi kA nAmollekha vedoM meM huA hai, ve ye hI 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha jI haiN| isI prakAra kA anumAna kucha vidvAn zrIkRSNa ke saMbaMdha meM bhI karate haiM, kintu aisA socanA ThIka nahIM hai| Rgveda meM ullikhita zrariSTanemi tathA kRSNa 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha tathA unake cacere bhAI zrIkRSNa nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki ina donoM kA samaya mahAbhAratakAlIna hai paura Rgveda bhArata kA hI nahIM samasta saMsAra kA prAcInatama graMtha hai| jaba usake sUtroM kI racanA neminAtha evaM kRSNa se pahale huI taba usameM paravartI ina donoM kA nAmollekha kaise saMbhava ho sakatA hai / bhataH Rgveda ke pariSTanemi tathA kRSNa ina donoM se bhinna koI vaidika RSi jAna par3ate haiM / 4. 5. isa bAta kI pUrI saMbhAvanA hai ki aise anusaMdhAnoM ke pUrNa hone para ve bhI isa saMbaMdha meM bhAratIya mAnyatA kA hI samarthana kareMge / kucha logoM kA anumAna hai ki tIrthaMkara neminAtha jI ke hI samaya meM 'brahmadatta cakravartI' bhI hue| ataH vidvAnoM ko isa saMbaMdha meM zodhAtmaka prakAza DAlanA cAhiye / jaina sAhityAnuzIlana 151
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________________ neminAtha jI' ke mAdhyama se bhAratIya jIvana meM ahiMsaka vRtti kA aitihAsika paridhi ke antargata prApta hone vAlA yaha uttama udAharaNa hai| neminAtha aura rAjula ke isa vaivAhika prasaMga ko lekara jaina muniyoM aura vidvAnoM ne vipula sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA hai| rAjamatI ke viraha kI kalpanA ko lekara sAhitya ke 'caupaI' 'vivAhalA' 'beli', 'rAso', 'phAga' Adi vibhinna kAvya-rUpoM meM pacAsoM nArahamAse, saMkar3oM gIta, bhajana, stavana, stuti Adi race gye| una donoM se saMbaMdhita sabhI jaina kAvya viraha kAvya haiN| unameM rAjula ke viraha kA varNana hai| rAjula virahiNI thI usa pati kI jo sadA ke lie vairAgya dhAraNa kara tapa karane girinAra parvata para calA gayA thaa| ataH usakA viraha kAma kA paryAyavAcI nahIM thaa| usameM vilAsitA kI gaMdha bhI nahIM hai| bhagavAn neminAtha aura satI rAjula ke prasaMga ko lekara zRgAra rasa kI racanAyeM bhI jaina kaviyoM ne racI, parantu unameM saMyamapUrNa maryAdA kA hI puTa dekhane ko milatA hai| unakA uddezya bhI mAnava ko AtmajJAnI banAne kA thaa| isIlie una donoM ko lekara likhe gaye maMgalAcaraNa sAtvikatA se saMyukta haiN| sAhitya-zAstra granthoM meM viraha kI jina dazAoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, ve sabhI rAjula ke jIvana meM vidyamAna haiN| viraha meM priya se milane kI utkaNThA, cintA athavA priyatama ke iSTa-aniSTa kI cintA, smRti, guNa-kathana Adi sabhI naisargika DhaMga se dikhalAye gaye haiN| bhagavAn neminAtha kA caritra Arambha se hI kaviyoM ke lie adhika AkarSaka rahA hai| inake jIvana para AdhArita vipula evaM viziSTa sAhitya upalabdha hai / neminAtha evaM rAjula ke vivAha prasaMga aura dIkSita hone ke bAda rAjamatI ko parIkSA kA viziSTa prasaMga prAcIna jainAgama 'utsarAdhyayana sUtra' ke 22 veM rahanemija adhyayana' meM pAyA jAtA hai| yaha sarvAdhika prAcIna aura prasiddha grantha hai| isake hI kathAnaka AkAra se jaina purANoM kA praNayana huA hai, jinameM jinasena prathama kA 'harivaMza purANa' tathA guNabhadra kA 'uttarapurANa' neminAtha jI ke jIvana-vRtta se saMbaMdhita mukhya srota haiM / ina mukhya AdhAragranthoM ke atirikta aura bhI upajIvya grantha haiM, jinameM nemi-carita kI pramakha rekhAoM ke AdhAra para bhinna-bhinna zailI meM unake jIvanavRtta kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki janasAhitya meM neminAtha-rAjamatI ke upAkhyAna se saMbaMdhita aneka grantha upalabdha haiN| nemi prabhu evaM rAjula ke lokavikhyAta carita para AdhArita prAkRta, saMskRta evaM apabhraMza meM aneka granthoM kA praNayana vibhinna kAvyarUpoM meM huA hai| ina bhASAoM ke kAvyarUpoM kI sAmAnya pRSThabhUmi ko riktha rUpa meM grahaNa karate hue prArambha se hI deza bhASA hindI meM bhI isa prasaMga-vizeSa ko lekara aneka racanAyeM kAvyabaddha huI / yadyapi prAkRta, saMskRta tathA apabhraMza ke aneka kavi isa prasaMga ko apane kAvyoM kA viSaya banA cuke the, kintu hindI racanAkAroM ko bhI pUrva kaviyoM kI taraha hI yaha kathAnaka atyadhika priya evaM rucikara rahA hai| hindI sAhitya ke Adi kAla se hI neminAtha evaM rAjula ke isa prasaMga vizeSa se saMbaMdhita vibhinna kAvyarUpoM meM nibaddha racanAyeM milanI prArambha ho jAtI haiM aura yaha kathAnaka-paramparA apane akSuNNa rUpa meM Adhunika kAla taka pahuMcatI hai| vartamAna kAla meM isa rocaka prasaMga ko lekara padyAtmaka racanAoM ke sAtha-sAtha gadyAtmaka racanAyeM bhI likhI gaI haiN| ina sabhI racanAoM kA kathAnaka paramparAgata rUpa meM prApta vahI suprasiddha lokapriya carita hai, jisameM 22 veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha jI kA jIvana atyadhika rocaka DhaMga se nibaddha hai tathA rAjamatI kI virahavedanA kA karuNa kathana haA hai| ina samasta kRtiyoM meM jinezvara neminAtha kAvya-nAyaka haiN| unakA sampUrNa caritra paurANika pariveza meM Abaddha hai aura virakti ke kendrabindu ke cAroM ora ghUmatA hai / ve vItarAgI haiM / yauvana kI mAdaka avasthA meM bhI vaiSayika sukha unheM AkRSTa evaM abhibhUta 1. 22veM tIrthakara nemimASa ke nAma para nemi saMpradAya bhI pracalita humA pA jo kabhI samUce dakSiNa bhArata meM phailA thA kintu kAlAntara meM vaha nAtha saMpradAya meM mantamukta ho gyaa| vaise usakA nAmamAtra kA pracAra evaM ullekha bhava taka milatA hai| 2. tIrthaMkara hone ke nAte neminAtha viSayaka tathA mahAsatI ke nAte rAjula saMbaMdhI stavana, maMgalAcaraNa mAdi stutiparaka vibhinna racanollekha bhI paryApta mAtrA me milate hai| kintu isa lekha meM mAtra aise ullekha ko zAmila nahIM kiyA gayA hai| 3. bhArata kI anya bhASAmoM meM bhI neminAtha evaM rAjula ke isa vaivAhika prasaMga ko lekara pracura mAtrA meM sAhitya-sarjana humA hai / isa prasaMga-vizeSa ko lekara gItikAvya adhika race gaye, yadyapi prabaMdha kAmya bhI race gaye kintu unakI saMkhyA malpa hai| hindI ke jaina khaNDakAvya adhikAMzatayA nemi aura rAjamatI kI kathA se saMbaddha hai| unake jIvana se saMbaMdhita khaNDakAvya meM prema-nirvAha ko paryApta avasara milA hai| unheM lekara baina kavi premapUrNa sArivaka bhAvoM kI anubhUti karate rahe haiN| 152 prAcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha .
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________________ nahIM kara paate| vivAhotsava meM bhojanArtha vadhya pazuoM kA AtaM krandana sunakara unakA niveda prabala ho jAtA hai aura ve vaivAhika karma ko bIca meM hI chor3a kara pravrajyA grahaNa kara lete haiN| adamya kAma-zatru ko parAjita kara unakI sAdhanA kI pariNati kaivalya prApti meM hotI hai Ara ve tIrthakara pada ko prApta karate haiN| isI prakAra rAjamatI dRDhanizcayI satI nAyikA hai / vaha zIlasampanna tathA atula rUpavatI hai| use neminAtha kI pattA banane kA saubhAgya milane vAlA thA, kintu krUra vidhi ne nimiSa mAtra meM ho usakI navodita AzAoM para pAnI phera diyaa| vivAda meM bhAvI pApaka hiMsA se udvigna hokara neminAtha dIkSA grahaNa kara lete haiM / isa akAraNa nirAkaraNa se rAjula stabdha raha jAtI hai| baMdhajanoM ke samajhAne-bajhAne se usake tapta hRdaya ko sAntvanA to milatI hai; kintu usakA jIvana-koza rIta cukA hai| vaha mana se neminAtha ko sarvasva arpita kara cukI thI, ata: use saMsAra meM anya kucha bhI grAhya nhiiN| jIvana kI sukha-suvidhAoM tathA pralobhanoM kA taNavat parityAga kara vaha tapa kA kaMTIlA mArga grahaNa karatI hai aura kevalajJAnI nemi prabhu se pUrva parama pada pAkara adbhuta saubhAgya prApta karatI hai| prastuta lekha meM neminAtha evaM rAjamatI se saMbaMdhita yathAsaMbhava jJAta sabhI hindI-racanAoM kA vivaraNa denA bhI aprAsaMgika na hogA / kRtiyoM kA yaha vivaraNa vikrama-zatI ke kAla-kramAnusAra hai bhagavAna neminAtha evaM rAjamatI ke jIvana prasaMga para AdhArita deza bhASA (hindI) meM likhI saMbhavataH sabase pahalI racanA kavi zrI vinayacanda sari dvArA vikrama kI 14 vIM zatAbdI ke madhya meM racita' 'neminAtha caupaI' milatI hai| isameM rAjamatI ke viyoga kA varNana kavi ne aparva tallInatA evaM kAvyAtmakatA ke sAtha kiyA hai| AdikAlIna hindI sAhitya kI yaha atyanta prasiddha tathA mahattvaparNa kRti hai / kavi pAhaNu ne vikrama 14 vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM 'neminAtha bArahamAsA rAso' kI racanA kI thii| yaha racanA aparNa prApta hai| racanA kI bhASA sarala, sarasa aura vyavahRta bhASA hai| prApya padyoM se patA calatA hai ki kavi ne racanA me bAraha mAsoM kA svAbhAvika evaM sundara varNana kiyA hogaa| 14 vIM zatAbdI meM hI 'padmakavi' dvArA racita 'neminAtha phAga" nAmaka eka racanA kA aura ullekha milatA hai| saMbhavataH yaha rAjasthAnI hindI kI racanA hai / isI zatAbdI meM kavi samudhara kRta 'neminAtha phAga' kI prati bhI saMprApya hai| zrI rAjazekhara sUri ne 'neminAtha phAgu' nAmaka kRti ko chandobaddha kiyaa| isakA racanA kAla vikramI samvata 1405 ke lagabhaga mAnA jAtA hai / isameM neminAtha aura rAjula kI kathA kA kAvyamaya nirUpaNa huA hai| yaha 27 padyoM kA choTA-sA khaNDakAvya hai| kavi kAnha dvArA vikramI 15 vIM zatAbdI meM phAgarUpa meM 'neminAtha phAga bAraha mAsA' nAmaka racanA upalabdha hotI hai / isameM phAga aura bArahamAsA donoM kAvyarUpoM ke guNa vidyamAna haiN| racanA kAvyAtmaka tathA paryApta sarasa hai| pUrA kAvya bar3A hI karuNa bana par3A hai| zrI hIrAnanda sari ne bhI vikramI 15 vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM eka 'neminAtha bArahamAsA' kI racanA kI thI, jisakI prati abhaya jaina granthAlaya, bIkAnera meM surakSita honA batalAyA jAtA hai| bhaTTAraka sakala kIrti (janma sambat 1443 mRtyu sambat 1466) kI 'nemizvara gIta' nAmaka eka racanA sulabha hai, jisameM rAjamatI evaM neminAtha ke viyoga kA varNana hai| yaha saMgIta-pradhAna racanA hai| zrI somasundara sUri (racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1450-1461) ne 'neminAtha navarasa phAga' nAmaka racanA kA praNayana saMbhavataH saM0 1481 meM kiyA thaa| isakI bhASA saMskRta, prAkRta aura gujarAtI mizrita hindI hai / yaha eka choTA kAvya hai / upAdhyAya jayasAgara (racanAkAla vi0 saM 1478-1465) jinhone jinarAja sari se dIkSA lI thI, ne neminAtha vivAhaloM kI racanA kI thii| brahma jinadAsa bhaTTAraka sakalakIti ke pramukha ziSya the| inhoMne 'nemIzvara rAsa' nAmaka racanA likhI hai jisa para gujarAtI kA prabhAva hai| inakA samaya 15vIM zatAbdI kA uttarAddha aura 16vIM kA pUrvArddha hai| 1. isakA racanA-kAla vivAdAspada hai| isakA samaya saM0 1353 se saM0 1358 ke bIca kahIM ho sakatA hai| isa racanA se pahale kI eka aura racanA sumati gaNi dvArA saM0 1260 meM racita 'neminAtha rAsa' milatI hai kiMtu isakI bhASA ke saMbaMdha meM vidvAnoM meM mataikya nahIM hai| koI ise deza bhASA kI racanA kahatA hai aura koI apabhraza kI racanA mAnatA hai| neminAtha caupaI kA prakAzana san 1920 meM 'prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha' meM humA thaa| 2. isa racanA kI prati 15vIM zatAbdI kI upalabdha hai paura zrI abhaya jaina granthAlaya bIkAnera meM surakSita hai| racanA meM sirpha paune sAta padya haiN| 3. 'kAga' eka prakAra kA lokagIta hai jo basaMta Rta meM gAyA jAtA thaa| mAge calakara usakA prayoga pAnanda-varNana paura saundaryanirUpaNa meM hone lgaa| 4. 15vIM zatAbdI kI ina racanAmoM kA ullekha bhI prApta hotA hai-jayasiMhasari ka ta 'prathama evaM dvitIya neminAtha phAgu,' jayazekha ra ka ta 'neminAtha phAgu', ratnamaNDala gaNi ka ta 'neminAtha navarasa phAga'. samarAka ta, 'neminAtha phAga samadhara kata, 'neminAtha phAga', jinaratNa sUri ka ta 'neminAtha stavana', somasundara sUri ziSya kata 'neminAtha navabhava stavana'. jayazekha ramari ka ta 'neminAtha dhavala,' mANikyasandara mUri ka ta 'ma mizvara carita phAga baMdha' vivAha ke varNana-pradhAna kAvyoM kI saMjJA 'vivAha.' 'vivAhaula.' 'vivAhalo' aura 'vivAhalA' pAI jAtI hai kintu bhaktiparakaM katiyoM meM bhautika vivAha 'vivAhalA' nahIM khlaataa| jaba prArAdhya deva dIkSAkUmArI saMyamatrI yA maktibadha kA varaNa karatA hai, to vaha ina saMjJAmoM se abhihita hotA hai| bana sAhityAnuzIlana 153
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________________ kavi Thakkara' (racanA kAla saM0 1575 se 1560 taka) kI 'nemirAjamati veli'2 nAmaka eka hindI rAjasthAnI kI racanA prApta hotI hai| racanA laghu hote hue bhI bhASA evaM varNana zailA kI dRSTi se uttama hai / vAcakamati zekhara (samaya 16 vIM zatAbdo) ne 'neminAtha basanta phular3A phAga' (gAthA 108) tathA nemigIta' nAmaka do kRtiyoM kI racanA kii| lAvaNya (janma saM0 1521 mRtyu saM. 1586) ne 'neminAtha hamacaDI' kI racanA saM0 1562 meM kI thii| isake atirikta 'raMga ratnAkara neminAtha prabandha' nAmaka eka anya racanA bhI inakI milato hai| brahma bUcarAja (racanAkAla saM0 1530 se 1600 taka) kRta 'neminAtha vasetu' tathA 'nemozvara kA bArahamAsA' nAmaka do hindI racanAyeM milatI haiN| donoM kRtiyAM sundara haiM / brahma yazodhara (samaya saM0 1520 se 1560 taka) ne neminAtha para 'neminAtha gIta' nAma se tIna gIta likhe haiM, kintu tInoM hI gItoM meM apanI-apanI vizeSatAyeM hai| inakI kAvya zailI parimArjita hai| inameM se eka 'neminAtha gIta' kA racanA kAla saM0 1581 hai / catarUmala kavi' ne saM0 1571 meM 'nemIzvaragIta' kI racanA kI thii| yaha eka choTA-sA gIta hai| isa gIta kA saMbaMdha bhagavAn nemIzvara aura rAjula ke prasiddha kathAnaka se hai / brahma jayasAgara, bha. ratnakIti ke pramukha ziSyoM meM se the| inakA samaya saM0 1580 se 1665 taka kA mAnA jAtA hai| inakI 'neminAthagIta' nAmaka eka mahattvapUrNa racanA prApya hai| brahma rAyamala 17 vIM zatI ke vidvAna haiN| inakI saM0 1615 meM racita 'nemizvara rAsa'nAmaka racanA prApta hai| yaha gItAtmaka zailI meM likhI huI hai| saM0 1615 meM hI racita brahma vinayadeva sa ri ko kRti 'neminAtha vivAhalI' (dhavalaDhAla 44) nAmaka eka anya racanA bhI prApta hotI hai / bhaTTAraka zubhacandra bhaTTAraka vijayakIrti ke ziSya the| ye sa0 1613 taka bhaTTAraka pada para bane rahe the| 'neminAtha chanda' nAmaka inakI racanA milI hai| sAdhu kIrti ke gurubhrAtA kanakasoma (racanA kAla vi0 17 vIM zatI kA pUrvAddha) jo acche kavi the, kI 'neminAtha phAga' nAmaka eka racanA prApta hai| harSakIrti rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta the| ye AdhyAtmika kavi the| 'nemi rAjula gIta' tathA 'nemIzvara gIta' nAmaka kRtiyA~ inakI AdhyAtmika racanAyeM haiN| bhaTTAraka vIracandra pratibhAsampanna vidvAn the| ye bha0 lakSmIcandra ke ziSya the| inakA samaya 17 vIM zatI kA uttarArddha hai| 'vIra vilAsa phAga' nAmaka khaNDa kAvya meM tIrthakara neminAtha jI kI jIvanaghaTanA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM 137 padya haiN| isake atirikta 'nemikumAra rAsa' (racanA sa. 1673) nAmaka eka anya racanA neminAtha jI kI vaivAhika ghaTanA para AdhArita eka laghu kRti hai| kavi mAladeva (racanA kAla saM0 166) kRta 'rAjula nemi dhamAla' (padya 63) aura 'neminAtha navabhava rAsa' (padya 230) nAmaka do racanAyeM prApta haiN| kavi mAladeva AcArya bhAvadeva sari ke ziSya the / bhaTTAraka ratnIti (racanA kAla saM0 1600 se 1656 taka) bhaTTAraka abhayanandi ke paTTa ziSya the| inakI 'neminAtha phAma' nAmaka racanA jisameM 51 padya haiM, ne mozvara-rAjula ke isI prasiddha kathAnaka se saMbaMdhita hai| inhIM kI 'nemi bArahamAsA' nAmaka eka aura laghu kRti hai, jisameM 12 troTaka chanda haiN| isameM rAjula ke viraha kA varNana huA hai| inake atirikta unake race 38 pada bhI isI kathAnaka se saMbaMdhita haiN| kumuda candra (racanAkAla saM0 1645 se 1687 taka) bhaTTAraka ratnakIti ke ziSya the| ye acche sAhityakAra the| inakA 'nemijina gIna' nemIzvara aura rAjula ke prasiddha kathAnaka se sambandhita hai / isake alAvA 'neminAtha bArahamAsA' praNaya gIta aura 'hiNDolanA gIta' bhI usI kathAnaka para AdhArita haiM, jinameM rAjula kA viraha mukhara ho uThA hai / isI kathAnaka para 67 padyoM kI inakI 'nemIzvara hamarcI' nAmaka eka aura racanA milatI hai| hemavijaya (upasthitikAla saM. 1670) vijayasena sari ke ziSya the| ye hindI ke bho uttama kavi the| 'neminAtha ke pada unakI praur3ha kavitva-zakti ko prakaTa karane meM samartha hai| unake padoM meM hRdaya kI gaharI anubhUti hai| pANDe rUpacandra (racanA kAla sa'. 1680 se 1664 taka) kRta 'neminAtha rAsA' eka sundara kRti hai / ye hindI ke eka sAmarthyavAna kavi the| unakI bhASA kA prasAda gaNa Ananda utpanna karatA hai, jo sIdhe-sIdhe bhAva-mamaM ko rasavibhAra banA detA hai| mahima sundara ne bho saM0 1665 meM 'neminAtha vihAlo' nAmaka eka kRti kI racanA kI thii| 1. kavi Thakkura apabhraMza ke eka anya kavi ThakurasI se bhinna haiN| 2. 'veli' zabda saMskata ke 'vallI' aura prAkRta ke 'vesni' se samudbhUta hupA hai| yaha vRAMgavAcI hai| jainoM kA velisAhitya bahuta hI samRddha hai| 3. kavi gar3ha gopAcala kA rahane vAlA thaa| usa samaya vahA~ mAnasiMha tomara kA rAjya thaa| 154 AcAryarala zrI vezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana anya .
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________________ harSakIrti, (racanAkAla saM0 1683) hindI ke kavi the| inhoMne choTI-choTI muktaka racanAoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai / unameM sarasatA evaM gatizIlatA hai / 'neminAtha rAjula gIta', 'morar3A' tathA 'nemizvara gIta' ina sabhI meM neminAtha aura rAjula ko lekara vividha bhAvoM kA pradarzana huA hai| ye sabhI bhagavadvika rati se saMbaMdhita gIta-kAmya haiN| jina samudra sUri' kRta 'neminAtha phAga' nAmaka racanA saM0 1667 kI milatI hai| yaha kavi kI sarvaprathama racanA hai jisameM neminAtha kA jIvana atyadhika rocaka DhaMga se nibaddha hai| kavivara jina' (kAla saM0 1704 se 1063 taka) kRta 'nemi caritra' nAmaka eka racanA kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / inhIM kavivara ke nAma se 'nemi rAjamatI bArahamAsa savaiyA' tathA 'nemi bArahamAsA' nAmaka do bArahamAse bhI milate haiN| inake padoM meM 'jasarAja' nAma kI chApa milatI hai| 'jamarAja' kavivara kA pUrva nAma hai aura 'jina' dIkSita avasthA kA nAma hai / pANDe hemarAja ( racanA kAla saM0 1703 se 1730 taka) kRta 'nemi rAjamati jakhar3I' nAmaka eka racanA milatI hai / vizvabhUSaNa jI ( racanA kAla saM0 1729 ) kA racA haA 'nemijI kAmaMgala' milatA hai| kavi ne isakI racanA saM0 1668 meM sikandarAbAda ke 'pArzva jina dehure' meM kI thii| yaha eka choTA-sA gItikAvya hai| bhaTTAraka dharmacandra kA paTTAbhiSeka mAroTha meM sa N0 1712 meM huA thaa| ye nAgaura gAdI ke bhaTTAraka the / inhoMne saMskRta ke sAtha-sAtha hindI meM bhI kAvya-racanA kI hai| inakI 'neminAtha bInatI ' nAmaka racanA milatI hai / kavi bhAU dvArA racita 'neminAtha rAsa' eka uttama kRti hai / isameM 155 padya haiM / kavi kA samaya saM0 1666 se pUrva kA hai / isa rAsa kA saMbandha neminAtha kI vairAgya lene vAlI ghaTanA se hai / lakSmIvallabha samaya 10 vIM zatI kA dUsarA pAda) lakSmI kIti jI ke ziSya the| unakI zijuna bArahamAsA eka praur3ha racanA hai, jo sarvayoM meM likhI gaI hai| isameM kula 14 padya haiN| racanA bhagavAn ke prati dAmpatya viSayaka rati kA samarthana karatI hai / kavi binodIlAla (20 kAla saM0 1050) bhagavAn nemIzvara ke parama bhakta the / unakA adhikAMza sAhitya neminAtha ke caraNoM meM hI samarpita huA hai| isa saMbandha meM unakI racanAyeM viziSTa haiN| unako kRtiyoM meM prasAda guNa to hai hI, citrAMkana bhI hai| eka-eka citra hRdaya ko chUtA hai / kavi ko janma se hI bhakta hRdaya milA thaa| unakI kRtiyoM meM zRMgAra aura bhakti kA samanvaya huA hai tathA tanmayatA kA bhAva sarvatra pAyA jAtA hai 'nemi rAjula bArahamAsA' 'nemiyAha' 'rAmulagIsI', 'neminAtha jI kA maMgala' (racanA kAla 1744), nemajI kA revatA' Adi unakI racanAyeM migAva-rAjula ke prasiddha kathAnaka se saMbandhita hai| rAmavijaya dayAsiMha ke ziSya the| unakA samaya 18 vIM zatI vikrama hai| unakI rAjasthAnI hindI kI 'neminAtha rAso nAmaka racanA prApta hai|' kavi bhavAnIdAsa ( racanA kAla saM0 1761 se 01020 taka) kI 'neminAtha bArahamAsA' (12 parA), 'mihiNDolanA (padya), rAjamati hiNDolanA (padya) aura 'neminAtha rAjImatI kI (padya) nAmaka racanAyeM isa kathAnaka se saMbaMdhita milatI haiN| ajayarAja pATanI kI bhI 'neminAtha carita' nAmaka eka racanA milatI hai| isakI racanA saM0 1763 * meM huI thI / 264 padyoM kI yaha eka mahattvapUrNa kRti hai / jinendra bhUSaNa ne saM0 1800 meM isI kathAnaka ko lekara 'neminAtha purANa' kI racanA kI thI / isI prakAra jhunakalAla ne saM0 1843 meM 'neminAtha vivAhaloM' (garabA DhAla 22), kavi manaraMgalAla ne saM0 1883 meM 'nemi candrikA ", RSabha vijaya ne saM 1886 meM 'neminAtha vivAhalo', bhAgacandra jaina ne saM0 1907 meM 'nema purANa kI kathA vacanikA', paM0 bakhatAvara mala, dillI nivAsI ne saM0 1906 meM 'neminAtha purANa bhASA' tathA kevalacandra ne saM0 1929 meM 'neminAtha vivAha' nAmaka racanA ke praNayana kiyaa| inakI sAdhu avasthA kA nAma mahima samudra thA aura inakI kRti kA anya nAma 'na' minAtha bArahamAsA' bhI hai| ina kazvira ke zrI yagaracandra nAhaTA tathA DaoN0 premasAgara jaina dvArA diye gaye paricayoM meM 18vIM zatI kI nimna racanAoMoM kA bhaura ullekha prApta hotA hai-kavi kesavadAsa kRta na mirAjula bArahamAsA' ( saM 1734), brahmanAtha kata ne mIpavara rAjamatI ko vyAhaloM' (saM0 1728) tathA 'nemajI ko lUhari', no micanda kRta 'ne misUra rAjamatI kI lUhari', 'na misura ko gIta' tathA 'no mizvara rAsa (saM0 1766), sevaka kavi kRta 'neminAtha jI kA dasa bhava varNana, dharmavarNana kRta 'na'mi rAjula bArahamAsA' tathA vinayacanda kataM 'na emi rAjImatI bArahamAsA maura 'rahane mi rAjula sajjhAya' nAmaka do ka tiyA~ / 4. eka lekhaka mahodaya ne ikanA racanA kAla saM0 1735 diyA hai jo nizcaya hI prazuddha hai / 5. kisI prajJAta racayitA kI 'nama candrikA' nAmaka saM0 1761 meM racita eka anya kRti bhI milatI hai| jaina sAhityAnuzIlana 1. 2. 3. kucha antara hai| vastuta: yaha vAcaka zAMti harSa ke hI ziSya the / 155
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________________ 20 vIM zatI ke hI vinayacandra ne 'nemajI ko vyAvalo' evaM 'nemanAtha bAraha mAsiyAM', khetasI sAha ne 'nemajI kI lUhari', yatIndra sUri ke suyogya ziSya vidyAcandra sUri ne 'bhagavAn neminAtha' nAmaka mahAkAvya, paM0 kAzInAtha jaina ne 'rAjImatI' evaM 'neminAtha caritra' aura daulatasiMha aravinda ne 'rAjI mati' nAmaka kRtiyoM kI racanA kii| Adarza mahAsatI rAjula ('munI mahendrakumAra 'kamala') kaNAsindhu nemi nAtha aura pativratA rAjula (naina mala jaina,') nemi rAjula saMvAda (paM0 gulAbacanda jaina) 'satI rAjamatI' (javAhara lAla jI mahArAja) Adhunika samaya kI prasiddha racanAeM hai| kucha anya racanAoM kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai kintu unake saMbandha meM Avazyaka jAnakArI kA abhAva hai| 'rAjila pacIsI' (Ananda jaina kRta), 'rAjula pacIsA' (racayitA ajJAta), 'rAjulapaccIso' (racayitA ajJAta ni0 kA0 saM0 1886), 'nemanAtha jI ke kar3e' (racayitA ajJAta), 'neminAtha vivAhalo' (racayitA ajJAta), 'nemanAtha byAhalA' (mohanalAla kRta), 'nemanAtha rAjamatI maMgala' (jinadAsa kRta li. kA0 saM0 1806), 'nemanAtha kI dhamAla' (gajAnandakRta) Adi aise hI grantha haiN| ina racanAoM ke alAvA 'neminAtha evaM rAjula' ke vivAha-prasaga ko lekara aura bhI kRtiyoM kA racA jAnA saMbhAvya hai| unakI bhI khoja honI caahie| sAtha hI, ina racanAoM ke atirikta kucha aisA racanAyeM bhI haiM, jo sIdha neminAtha evaM rAjamatI ke caritra se to saMbandhita nahIM haiM kintu unameM prasaMga-vaza neminAtha tathA rAjula ke caritra kA bhI paryApta ullekha haA hai / aise grantha 'pANDava purANa', 'harivaMza purANa' tathA varAMga caritra, Adi kI paramparA meM prApta hote haiN| ye prAsaMgika grantha bhI mahattvapUrNa haiN| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki namIzvara aura rAjula ke kathAnaka ko lekara hindI ke janabhakta kavi vipralambha ke usa svarUpa ko prakaTa karate rahe haiM jisameM vairAgya kI pradhAnatA hai / unhoMne hindI jaina sAhitya meM prema kI rAti kA nirvAha isI prasaMga-vizeSa ko AdhAra banAkara kiyA hai, jo apane meM vilakSaNatA se yukta hai| rAsasAhitya evaM janabhASA bhAratIyarAsa sAhitya ke marmajJa adhyetA DaoN0 dazaratha ojhA ke anusAra rAsasAhitya kA nirmANa bhArata ke eka bar3e vistRta bhU-bhAga meM hotA rhaa| AsAma se rAjasthAna taka nyUnAdhika eka sahasra varSa taka isa sAhitya kA sRjana sAdhumahAtmAoM evaM medhAvI kavi samAja dvArA huaa| vaiSNava saMtoM ne rAsa kA saMbaMdha kRSNa aura gopiyoM se sthApita kiyA aura jaina muniyoM ne rAsa kI racanA bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unake upAsakoM ke pAvana-caritra ke AdhAra para kii| rAsa sAhitya me janasAdharaNa ke prayoga meM AnevAlI bhASA ko hI pramukhatA dI gaI hai| DaoN0 dazaratha ojhA ke anusAra to janabhASA meM racanA karane vAle jaina muni saMskRta prAkRta aura apabhraMza ke parama vidvAn hote hue bhI caritrAkAMkSI bAla, strI, mUr3ha aura moM para anugraha karake janabhASA meM racanA karate the| rAsagrantha unhIM jana-kRpAlu sarvahitAkAMkSI muniyoM aura kaviyoM ke prayAsa kA pariNAma hai| ____ DaoN0 dazaratha ojhA ke anusAra rAsa sAhitya kI bhASA, chaMda evaM varNya viSaya kA adhyayana hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM eka nayA adhyAya jor3a sakatA hai| unakI dRSTi meM jana-sAdhAraNa kI kAvya rUci, usakI bhASA ke svarUpa, usake jIvana-vivecana Adi kA bodha karAne vAlA yaha pracura sAhitya jyoM-jyoM prakAza meM AtA jAyegA, tyoM-tyoM hamArA sAhitya samRddha banatA jaaygaa| sampAdaka 'zIla rAsA' aura 'cunar3IgIta' jaisI rUpakAtmaka katiyoM meM bhI neminAtha-caritra ko mAdhyama banAyA gayA hai| yaha eka rUpaka gItAcI (rAjasthAna kA vizeSa vastra) nAmaka uttarIya vastra ko rUpaka banAkara gIta-kAvya ke rUpa meM racanA kI jAtI hai| 'zIla rAsA meM rAjuma ke mAdhyama se zIna ke mahatva kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| 156 bhAcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana pantha