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________________ : 465 : nayavAda : vibhinna darzanoM ke samanvaya kI zrI jaina divAkara-smRti-grantha nayavAda : vibhinna darzanoM ke samanvaya kI apUrva kalA * zrIcanda cauraDiyA, nyAyatIrtha (dvaya) sampUrNa padArtha sAmAnya-vizeSarUpa se hI anubhava meM Ate haiN| ataH anekAntavAda meM hI vastu kA arthakriyAkAritva lakSaNa samyagaprakAra se ghaTita ho sakatA hai / sAmAnya aura vizeSa paraspara sApekSa haiN| binA sAmAnya ke vizeSa aura vizeSa ke binA sAmAnya kahIM para bhI nahIM Thahara sakate / ataH vizeSa nirapekSa sAmAnya ko athavA sAmAnya nirapekSa vizeSa ko tattva mAnanA kevala pralApa mAtra hai| jisa prakAra janmAndha manuSya hAthI kA svarUpa jAnane kI icchA se hAthI ke bhinnabhinna avayavoM ko TaTolakara hAthI ke kevala kAna, saMDa, paira Adi ko hI hAthI samajha baiThate haiM usI prakAra ekAntavAdI vastu ke sirpha ekAMza ko jAnakara usa vastu ke sirpha eka aMza rUpa jJAna ko hI vastu kA sarvAMzAtmaka jJAna samajhane lagate haiN| sampUrNanaya svarUpa syAdvAda ke binA kisI bhI vastu kA samyag prakAra se pratipAdana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / sampUrNa vAdI pada-pada para nayavAda kA Azraya lekara hI padArthoM kA pratipAdana kara sakate haiN| kyoMki pratyeka vastu meM ananta svabhAva athavA dharma hai / nayavAda : paribhASA, artha jisake dvArA padArthoM ke eka aMza kA jJAna ho, use naya kahate haiM / khoTe nayoM ko durnaya kahate haiN| kisI vastu meM anya dharmoM kA niSedha karake apane abhISTa ekAnta astitva ko siddha karane ko durnaya kahate haiN| jaise--yaha ghaTa hI hai| vastu meM amISTa dharma kI pradhAnatA se anya dharmoM kA niSedha karane ke kAraNa durnaya ko mithyAnaya kahA gayA hai| isake viparIta kisI vastu meM apane iSTadharma ko siddha karate hue anya dharmoM meM udAsIna hokara vastu ke vivecana karane ko naya (sunaya) kahate haiM / jaise-yaha ghaTa hai / naya meM durnaya kI taraha eka dharma ke atirikta anya dharmoM kA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, isalie naya ko durnaya nahIM kahA jA sakatA / pramANa sarvArthagrAhI hai tathA naya vikalA dezagrAhI hai / naya aura pramANa ke dvArA durnayavAda kA nirAkaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai / vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa ne nayoM ko pramANa ke samAna kahA hai| upakrama, anugama, naya, nikSepa-ye cAra anuyoga mahAnagara meM pahuMcane ke daravAje haiM / pramANa se nizcita kiye hue padArthoM ke eka aMza ke jJAna ko naya kahate haiM / vastuoM meM anantadharma hote haiN| vastu ke ananta dharmoM meM se vaktA ke abhiprAya ke anusAra eka dharma ke kathana karane ko naya kahate haiM / ghaTa meM kaccApana, pakkApana, moTApana, caur3Apana Adi anantadharma hote haiM ataH nAnA nayoM kI apekSA se zabda aura artha kI apekSA pratyeka vastu meM ananta dharma vidyamAna haiM / naya kA uddezya hai mAdhyastha bddh'e| pramANa, indriya aura mana--sabase ho sakatA hai kintu naya sirpha mana se hotA hai kyoMki aMzoM kA grahaNa mAnasika abhiprAya se ho sakatA hai| jaba hama aMzoM kI kalpanA karane laga jAte haiM taba vaha jJAna naya kahalAtA hai| nayajJAna meM vastu ke anya aMza yA guNoM kI ora upekSA yA gauNatA rahatI hai parantu khaNDana nahIM hotaa|2 jo jJAna zabdoM meM utArA jA sake, jisameM vastu ko uddezya aura 1 bhedAbhedAtmake jJeye bhedAbhedAbhisandhayaH / ye te upekSAnapekSAbhyAM lakSyante nayadurnayAH / / 2 sApekSAH parasparasaMbaddhAste nayAH -laghIya0 kA0 30 - aSTazatI, kArikA 108
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________________ zrI jaina divAkara- smRti-grantha cintana ke vividha vindu 466 viSeSa rUpa meM kahA jA sake, use naya kahate haiN| apanI vivakSA se kisI eka aMza ko mukhya mAna kara vyavahAra karanA naya hai / jaise dIpa meM nitya dharma bhI rahatA hai aura anitya dharma bhI / yahA~ anityatva kA niSedha na karate hue apekSAvazAt dIpaka ko nitya kahanA naya hai| pramANanaya tatvAlokAlaMkAra meM kahA hai nIyate yena bhutAsya pramANaviSayIkRtasyArthasyAMzastaditarAMzIvAsInyataH sa pratipatta rabhiprAyavizeSo nayaH / - arthAt jisake dvArA zruta pramANa ke dvArA viSaya kiye hue padArtha kA eka aMza socA jAya - aise vaktA ke abhiprAya vizeSa ko naya kahate haiM / nayoM ke nirUpaNa kA artha hai- vicAroM kA vargIkaraNa / nayavAda arthAt vicAroM kI mImAMsA / isa vAda meM vicAroM ke kAraNa, pariNAma yA viSayoM kI paryAlocanA mAtra nahIM hai / vyavahAra meM paraspara viruddha dIkhane vAle, kintu yathArtha meM avirodhI vicAroM ke mUla kAraNoM kI khoja karanA hI isakA mUla uddezya hai| isalie nayavAda kI saMkSipta paribhASA hai- paraspara viruddha dIkhane vAle vicAroM ke mUla kAraNoM kI khojapUrvaka una saba meM samanvaya karane vAlA zAstra / ' naya ke jJAnanaya aura kriyAnaya ye do vicAra bhI ho sakate haiN| vicAra sAraNiyoM se padArtha ke vAstavika svarUpa ko jAnanA jJAnanaya hai aura use apane jIvana meM utaranA kriyAnaya / kevala saMketa mAtra se artha kA jJAna nahIM hotA kyoMki zabdoM meM hI saba arthoM ko jAnane kI zakti hotI hai / nayavAda: paribhASA - artha kI vyAkhyA zAbdika, Arthika, vAstavika, vyAvahArika, dravyAthika aura paryAyAyika ke abhiprAya se AcAryoM ne naya ke mUlata: sAta bheda kiye haiM-yathA-naMgama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUdra aura evaMbhUta bauddha kahate haiM-rUpa Adi avasthA hI vastudravya hai| vedAnta kA kahanA hai ki dravya hI vastu hai, rUpAdi guNa tAttvika nahIM haiN| bheda aura abheda kA dvandva kA eka nidarzana hai| nayavAda abheda-bheda ina do vastuoM para TikA huA hai / 2 zuddha saMgrahanaya kI apekSA dravyArthika naya samasta padArthoM ko kevala dravya rUpa jAnatA hai kyoMki dravya aura paryAya sarvathA bhinna nahIM hai, jaiseAtmA, ghaTa Adi sabhI padArtha dravyAdika naya kI apekSA nitya haiN| pradIpa, ghaTAdi sarvathA anitya haiM, AkAza sarvathA nitya hai - yaha mAnanA durnayavAda ko svIkAra karanA hai / vastu ke ananta dharmAtmaka hone para bhI saba dharmoM kA tiraskAra karake kevala apane abhISTa nityatvAdi dharmoM kA sama rthana karanA 'durnaya' hai / vastutaH koI bhI padArtha sarvathA nitya athavA sarvathA anitya nahIM kahA jA sakatA / jo anitya hai vaha kathaMcit nitya hai aura jo nitya hai vaha kathaMcit anitya hai / vaizeSikadarzana meM bhI kahIM-kahIM padArtha meM nitya anitya do taraha ke dharmoM kI vyavasthA upalabdha hotI hai jaisA ki prazastikAra ne prazastapAdamAdhya meM kahA hai sA tu dvividhA nityA anityA ca / paramANulakSaNA nityA kAryalakSaNA anityA / 1 anekAnto'pyanekAntaH 2 9 pramANanayasAdhanaH / anekAntaH pramANaste tadekAnto'pitAnnayAt // sAmAnya pratimAso hyanugatAkAro vizeSapratibhAsastu vyAvRttAkAro'nubhUyate / - svayambhU0 103 - prameyakamalamANDa, caturtha khaNDa
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________________ :467 : nayavAda : vibhinna darzanoM ke samanvaya kI arthAt pRthvI nitya aura anitya-do prakAra kI hai| paramANurUpa pRthvI nitya aura kAryarUpa pRthvI anitya hai| vaizeSika loga bhI eka avayavI ko hI citrarUpa (paraspara viruddha rUpa) tathA eka hI paTa ko cala aura acala, rUpa aura arUpa, AvRtta, aura anAvRtta Adi viruddha dharma yukta svIkAra karate haiM / bauddha loga bhI eka hI citrapaTa meM nIla-anIla do viruddha dharmoM ko mAnate haiN| eka hI puruSa ko apane pitA kI apekSA putra aura putroM kI apekSA pitA kahA jAtA hai usI prakAra eka hI anubhUti bhinna-bhinna apekSAoM se anubhUti aura anubhAvya kahI jAtI hai| saMkSepataH dravyArthika aura paryAyAthika bheda se naya ke do bheda haiN| dravyAthikanaya ke naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra ye tIna bheda hote haiM / RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUDha aura evaMbhUta-ye cAra paryAyAthikanaya ke bheda haiM / zrI siddhasena Adi tAkikoM ke mata ko mAnane vAle dravyAthika naya ke tIna bheda mAnate hai, parantu jinabhadragaNi ke mata kA anusaraNa karane vAle saiddhAntika dravyAthikanaya ke cAra bheda mAnate haiM / jo paryAyoM ko gauNa mAnakara dravya ko hI mukhyatayA grahaNa kare use dravyAthikanaya kahate haiN| jo dravya ko gauNa mAnakara paryAyoM ko hI mukhyatayA grahaNa kare use paryAyAthika naya kahate haiM arthAt dravya arthAt sAmAnya ko viSaya karane vAle naya ko dravyAthikanaya kahate haiM aura paryAya arthAt vizeSa ko viSaya karane vAle naya ko paryAyAthikanaya kahate haiN| naya aura pramANa se hone vAle jIvAdi tattvoM ke yathArthajJAna ko samyagRjJAna kahate haiN| nyAyazAstra meM jisa jJAna kA viSaya satya hai use samyagjJAna aura jisakA viSaya asatya hai use mithyAjJAna kahA jAtA hai| adhyAtmazAstra meM yaha vibhAga gauNa hai| yahA~ samyagjJAna se usI jJAna kA grahaNa hotA hai jisase AtmA kA vikAsa ho aura mithyAjJAna se usI jJAna kA grahaNa hotA hai jisase AtmA kA patana ho yA saMsAra kI vRddhi ho / astu, kisI viSaya ke sApekSa nirUpaNa ko naya kahate haiN| kisI eka yA aneka vastuoM ke viSaya meM alaga-alaga manuSyoM ke yA eka hI vyakti ke bhinna-bhinna vicAra hote haiM / agara pratyeka vyakti kI dRSTi se dekhA jAya to ve vicAra aparimita haiN| ina sabakA vicAra pratyeka ko lekara karanA asambhava hai| apane prayojana ke anusAra ativistAra aura atisaMkSepa-donoM ko chor3akara kisI viSaya kA madhyama daSTi se pratipAdana karanA hI naya hai| sAmAnyataH manuSya kI jJAnavRtti adhUrI hotI hai aura asmitA abhiniveza arthAt ahaMkAra yA apane ko ThIka mAnane kI bhAvanA bahuta adhika hotI hai| isase jaba vaha kisI viSaya meM kisI prakAra kA vicAra karatA hai to usI vicAra ko antima, sampUrNa tathA satya mAna letA hai| isa bhAvanA se vaha dUsaroM ke vicAroM ko samajhane ke dhairya ko kho baiThatA hai| anta meM apane alpa tathA AMzika jJAna ko sampUrNa mAna letA hai| isa prakAra kI dhAraNAoM ke kAraNa hI satya hone para bhI mAnyatAoM meM paraspara vivAda ho jAtA hai aura pUrNa aura satya jJAna kA dvAra baMda ho jAtA hai| eka darzana AtmA Adi ke viSaya meM apane mAne hae kisI puruSa ke ekadezIya vicAra ko sampUrNa satya mAna letA hai| usa viSaya meM usakA virodha karane vAle satya vicAra ko bhI asatya samajhatA hai / isI prakAra dUsarA darzana pahale ko aura donoM milakara tIsare ko jhuThA samajhate haiN| phalasvarUpa samatA kI jagaha viSamatA aura vivAda khar3e ho jAte haiM ataH satya aura pUrNa jJAna kA dvAra kholane ke lie tathA vivAda dUra karane ke lie nayavAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai aura usake dvArA yaha batAyA gayA hai ki pratyeka vicAraka apane vicAra ko Apta-vAkya kahane ke pahale yaha to soce
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________________ || zrI jaina divAkara-smRti-grantha cintana ke vividha bindu : 468 : ki usakA vicAra pramANa kI ginatI meM Ane lAyaka sarvAMzI hai bhI yA nhiiN| isa prakAra kI sucanA karanA hI jainadarzana kI nayavAdarUpa vizeSatA hai| nayavAda-bheda-upabheda yadyapi naigama, saMgrahAdi ke bheda se nayoM ke bheda prasiddha haiM tathApi nayoM ko prasthaka ke dRSTAMta se, vasati ke dRSTAnta se aura pradeza ke dRSTAnta se samajhAyA gayA hai| Agama meM kahA hai-- se kiM taM nayappamANe ? tivihe paNNate, taM jahA-patthagadidruteNaM vasahibiTTateNaM pesditttthtennN| -aNuogaddArAI sutta 473 ___ arthAt nayapramANa tIna prakAra se pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, yathA--prasthaka ke dRSTAnta se, vasati ke dRSTAnta se aura pradeza ke dRSTAnta se / jina nayoM ko prasthaka ke dRSTAnta se siddha kiyA jAya use prasthaka dRSTAnta jAnanA caahie| jaise-koI vyakti parazu hAtha meM lekara vana meM jA rahA thaa| usako dekhakara kisI ne pUchA ki Apa kahA~ jAte haiN| pratyuttara meM usane kahA ki 'prasthaka ke lie jAtA huuN|' usakA aisA kahanA avizaddha naigamanaya kI apekSA se hai kyoMki abhI to usake vicAra vizeSa hI utpanna hue haiN| tadanantara kisI ne usako kASTha cholate hue dekhakara pUchA ki Apa kyA chIlate haiM ? pratyuttara meM usane kahA ki prasthaka ko chIlatA huuN| yaha vizuddha naigama naya kA vacana hai| isI prakAra kASTha ko takSNa karate hue, utkIrana karate hue, lekhana karate hue ko dekhakara jaba kisI ne pUchA / pratyuttara meM usane kahA ki prasthaka ko takSNa karatA hai, utkIrana karatA hU~, lekhana karatA hUM-yaha vizuddhatara naigamanaya kA vacana hai| kyoMki vizuddhatara naigamanaya ke mata se jaba prasthaka nAmAMkita ho gayA tabhI pUrNa prasthaka mAnA jAtA hai / arthAt prathama ke naMgamanaya se dUsarA kathana isI prakAra vizuddhatara hotA huA nAmAMkita prasthaka (dhAnyamAna vizeSArtha kASThamaya bhAjana) niSpanna ho jAtA hai| kyoMki jaba prasthaka kA nAma sthApana kara liyA gayA tabhI vizuddhatara naigamanaya se paripUrNa rUpa prasthaka hotA hai| saMgrahanaya ke mata se saba vastu sAmAnya rUpa hai, isalie jaba vaha dhAnya se paripUrNa bharA ho tabhI usako prasthaka kahA jAtA hai / yadi aisA na ho to ghaTa-paTAdi vastue~ bhI prasthaka saMjJaka ho jaayeNgii| isalie jaba vaha dhAnya se paripUrNa bharA ho aura apanA kArya karatA ho tabhI vaha prasthaka kahA jAtA hai| __ isI prakAra vyavahAranaya kI mAnyatA hai / RjusUtranaya kevala vartamAna kAla ko hI mAnatA hai, bhUta aura bhaviSyat ko nhiiN| isalie vyavahAra-pakSa meM nAmarUpa prasthaka ko bhI prasthaka aura usameM bhare hue dhAnya ko bhI prasthaka kahA jAtA hai| zabda, samabhirUDha aura evaM bhUta-ina tInoM nayoM ko zabdanaya kahate haiM kyoMki ve zabda ke anukUla artha mAnate haiN| Adya ke cAra naya artha kA prAdhAnya mAnate haiN| isalie zabdanayoM ke 1 se jahA nAmae kei purise parasuM gahAyaaDavihutte gacchejjA, taM ca kei pAsittA vadejjA-kathaM bhava gacchasi ? avivuddho negamo bhaNati patthagassa gacchAmi / -aNuogaddArAI 474 2 saMggahassa bhiumejjasamArUDho pttho| -aNuogaddArAI, sUtra 474 3 ajjusuyassa patthao'vi patthao mejjapi pttho| -aNuogaddArAI, sUtra 474 4 tiNha sahanayANaM patthayassa atthAhigArajANao jassa vA baseNaM patthao niphphajjai / -aNuogaddArAI, sUtra 474
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________________ :466 : nayavAda : vibhinna darzanoM ke samanvaya kI... mata se jo prasthaka ke artha kA jnyaataa| ho-vahI prasthaka hai, kyoMki upayoga se jo prasthaka kI niSpatti hai vAstava meM vahI prasthaka hai, anya nahIM aura binA upayoga ke prasthaka ho hI nahIM sktaa| isalie ye tInoM mAvanaya hai| bhAva pradhAna nayoM meM upayoga hI mukhya lakSaNa hai-aura upayoga ke binA prasthaka kI utpatti nahIM hotI / ataH upayoga ko hI 'prasthaka' kahA jAtA hai| vasati ke dRSTAnta se nayoM kA svarUpa isa prakAra kahA gayA hai-jaise-koI nAmadhArI puruSa kisI puruSa ko kahe ki Apa kahA~ para rahate ho? pratyuttara meM usane kahA ki loka meM rahatA hai-yaha avizuddha naigamanaya kA kathana hai| loka tIna prakAra se pratipAdana kiyA gayA haiyathA-Udhrvaloka, adholoka, tiryakloka, to kyA Apa tInoM lokoM meM basate haiM ? pratyuttara meM kahA ki maiM tiryak loka meM hI basatA hU~-yaha vizuddha naigamanaya kA vacana hai| tiryak loka meM jambU dvIpa se svayaMbhUramaNa samudra paryanta asaMkhyeya dvIpa samudra haiM, to kyA Apa una sabhI meM rahate ho? pratyuttara meM usane kahA ki maiM jambUdvIpa meM basatA hai| yaha vizuddhatara naigamanaya kA vacana hai| jambUdvIpa meM bharatakSetra Adi dasa kSetra haiM, to kyA Apa una sabhI meM basate ho ? pratyuttara meM kahA ki bharatakSetra meM rahatA huuN| yaha vizuddhatara naigamanaya kA vacana hai| bharatakSetra ke bhI do khaNDa haidakSiNAddha bharatakSetra tathA uttarArddha bharatakSetra ? to Apa una sabhI meM rahate ho? pratyuttara meM kahA hai ki maiM dakSiNAddha bharatakSetra meM vAsa karatA hai| yaha vizuddhatara naigamanaya kA vacana hai|| dakSiNAddha' bharatakSetra meM bhI aneka grAma, khAna, nagara, kher3a, zahara, maMDapa, droNamukha, pattana, Azrama, saMvAha, sanniveza Adi sthAna haiM to kyA Apa una sabhI meM nivAsa karate ho? pratyuttara meM kahA ki maiM pATaliputra (paTanA) meM basatA huuN| yaha vizuddhatara naigamanaya kA vacana hai / pATaliputra meM bhI aneka ghara haiM, to kyA Apa una sabhI meM basate ho? pratyuttara meM kahA ki maiM devadatta ke ghara meM basatA hU~-yaha vizuddhatara naigamanaya kA vacana hai / devadatta ke ghara meM aneka koThekamare haiM, to kyA Apa una sabhI meM basate ho ? pratyuttara meM kahA ki maiM devadatta ke garbha ghara meM basatA huuN| ___ isa prakAra pUrvapUrvApekSayA vizuddhatara naigamanaya ke mata se basate hue ko basatA huA mAnA jAtA hai / yadi vaha anyatra sthAna ko calA gayA ho taba bhI jahA~ nivAsa karegA vahIM usako basatA huA mAnA jaayegaa| __isI prakAra vyavahAranaya kA mantavya hai| kyoMki jahA~ para jisakA nivAsasthAna hai vaha usI sthAna meM basatA huA mAnA jAtA hai tathA jahA~ para rahe, vahI nivAsasthAna usakA hotA hai| jaise ki pATilaputra kA rahane vAlA yadi kAraNavazAt kahIM para calA jAya taba vahA~ para aisA kahA jAtA hai ki amuka puruSa pATaliputra kA rahane vAlA yahA~ para AyA huA hai| tathA pATaliputra meM aisA kahate haiM-"aba vaha yahAM para nahIM hai anyatra calA gayA hai|" bhAvArtha yaha hai ki vizuddhatara naigamanaya aura vyavahAra naya ke mata se 'basate hue ko basatA huA' mAnate haiN| saMgrahanaya se jaba koI svazayyA meM zayana kare tabhI basatA huA mAnA jAtA hai kyoMki calanAdi kriyA se rahita hokara zayana karane ke samaya ko hI saMgrahanaya basatA huA mAnatA hai| yaha sAmAnyavAdI hai ? isalie isake mata se sabhI zayyAeM eka samAna haiM / cAhe ve phira kahIM para hI kyoM na hoN| 1 se jahA nAmae kei pUrise kaMci purisaM vadijjA, kahiM bhavaM vasasi ? tattha avisuddho gamologe vsaami| -aNuogaddArAI, sUtra 475
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________________ zrI jaina divAkara.mmRti-grantha / cintana ke vividha bindu : 470 : RjusUtranaya ke mata se AkAza ke jina pradezoM meM avakAza kiyA ho arthAt saMstAraka meM jitane AkAza pradeza usane avagAhana kiye hoM, unameM hI basatA huA mAnA jAtA hai| zabda, samabhirUDha aura evaMbhUtanaya-tInoM nayoM kA aisA mantavya hai ki jo-jo padArtha haiM ve saba apane-apane svarUpa meM hI basate haiN| arthAta tInoM zabdanayoM ke abhiprAya se padArtha Atma-bhAva meM rahatA huA mAnA jAtA hai| pradeza ke dRSTAnta se sapta nayoM kA svarUpa nimna prakAra jAnanA cAhie naigamanaya kahatA hai ki chaha prakAra ke pradeza haiM-yathA-dharmAstikAya kA pradeza, adharmAstikAya kA pradeza, AkAzAstikAya kA pradeza, jIvAstikAya kA pradeza, skandha kA pradeza aura deza kA prdesh|' isa prakAra naigamanaya ke vacana ko sunakara saMgrahanaya ne kahA ki tuma chaha ke pradeza kahate ho-yaha ucita nahIM hai kyoMki jo deza kA pradeza hai vaha usI ke dravya kA hai udAharaNata:mere naukara ne gadhA kharIdA hai / dAsa bhI merA hI hai aura gadhA bhI merA hI hai / isalie aise mata kaho ki chahoM ke pradeza haiM, aisA kaho ki pAMcoM ke pradeza haiM-yathA-dharmAstikAya kA pradeza, adharmAstikAya kA pradeza, AkAzAstikAya kA pradeza, jIvAstikAya kA pradeza aura skandha kA pradeza / saMgrahanaya ke vacana ko sunakara vyavahAranaya ne kahA ki tumane pA~coM pradeza pratipAdana kiye haiM, ve bhI ucita nahIM haiM / jaise--pA~ca goSThika puruSoM kI kiMcit dravya jAti sAmAnya hotI hai, hiraNya, suvarNa, dhana athavA dhAnya sAdhAraNa sAjhI hoM-usI prakAra pA~coM pradeza sAdhAraNa hoM tava to ApakA kathana yuktisaMgata hai, lekina ve pRthak-pRthak pradeza haiM ata: ApakA kathana yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| lekina aisA pratipAdana karo ki pradeza pA~ca prakAra kA hai-yathA-dharmAstikAya kA pradeza, adharmAstikAya kA pradeza, AkAzAstikAya kA pradeza, jIvAstikAya kA pradeza aura skandha kA prdesh| . vyavahAranaya ke vacana ko sunakara RjusUtranaya ne kahA ki tumhArA pratipAdana samyag nahIM hai kyoMki eka-eka dravya ke pA~ca-pA~ca pradeza mAnane se 25 ho jAte haiM isalie yaha kathana siddhAnta bAdhita hai / isalie aisA na kahanA cAhie kintu madhya meM 'syAt' zabda kA prayoga karanA cAhie / jaise ki-syAt dharma pradeza yAvat syAt skandha pradeza / kyoMki jisakI vartamAna meM asti hai usI kI asti hai, jisakI nAsti hai usI kI nAsti hai| jo padArtha hai vaha apane guNa meM sadaiva kAla meM vidyamAna hai kyoMki pAMcoM dravya sAdhAraNa nahIM haiM isalie syAt zabda kA prayoga karanA caahie| Rjusa banaya ke kathana ko sunakara zabdanaya ne kahA ki yadi syAt zabda kA hI sarvathA prayoga kiyA jAyegA to anavasthA Adi doSa kI prApti ho jaayegii| jaise ki-syAt dharma pradeza, syAt adharma pradeza ityAdi / jaise devadatta rAjA kA bhI bhatya hai aura vahI amAtya kA bhI hai| isI prakAra AkAzAdi pradeza bhI jAnanA cAhie / isalie aisA kathana yuktisaMgata nahIM hai, kintu aisA kahanA cAhie ki jo dharma pradeza hai vaha pradeza hI dharmAtmaka hai| isI prakAra jo adharma pradeza hai vaha pradeza hI adharmAtmaka hai| zabdanaya ke kathana ko sunakara samabhirUDhanaya ne kahA ki tumhArA yaha kathana yuktisaMgata 1 Negamo bhaNati chaNhaM padeso, taM jahA--dhammapadeso jAva desapadeso -aNuogaddArAiM, sUtra 476 2 aNuogaddArAI, sUtra 476
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________________ : 471 : nayavAda : vibhinna darzanoM ke samanvaya kI.... - nahIM hai| yaha vAkya do samAsa kA hai-tatpuruSa aura karmadhAraya "dhamme paese-se paese dhmme"| yadi tatpuruSa ke dvArA kahatA hai to aisA nahIM kahanA cAhie athavA karmadhAraya se kahatA hai to vizeSa rUpa se kathana karanA caahie| jaise ki-dharma aura usakA jo pradeza hai vahI pradeza dharmAstikAya hai, isI prakAra adharma aura usakA jo pradeza hai, vahI pradeza adharmAtmaka hai| samabhirUDhanaya ke vacana ko sunakara samprati evaMbhUtanaya ne kahA ki tumhArA yaha kathana yuktisaMgata nahIM hai / dharmAstikAya Adi padArthoM kA svarUpa deza, pradeza kI kalpanA se rahita tathA pratipUrNa-AtmasvarUpa se avikala aura avayava rahita eka nAma se grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| kahA haidese'vi se avatthU paese'vi se avatthU / --aNuogaddArAiM, sUtra 476 arthAt evaMbhUtanaya kI apekSA deza bhI avastu hai, pradeza bhI avastu hai| bheda nahIM hai| eka akhaNDa vastu hI grAhya ho sakatI hai / apekSAbheda se negamAdi nayoM kA AgamoM meM vivecana hai| ye sAtoM naya apanA-apanA mata nirapekSatA se varNana karate hue durnaya ho jAte haiM / 'saugatAdi samayavata' aura paraspara sApekSa hote hue sannaya ho jAte haiM / ina sAta nayoM kA jo paraspara sApekSa kathana hai vahI sampUrNa jainamata hai| kyoMki jainamata aneka nayAtmaka hai, eka nayAtmaka nhiiN| syAdvAdamaMjarI' meM kahA hai ki he nAtha ! jaise saba nadiyAM samudra meM ikaTThI ho jAtI haiM usI prakAra Apake mata meM saba naya eka sAtha ho jAte haiN| kintu ApakA mata kisI bhI naya meM samAveza nahIM ho sktaa| jaise ki samudra meM nadI meM nahIM samAviSTa hotA isI prakAra sabhI vAdiyoM kA siddhAnta to jainamata hai lekina sampUrNa janamata kisI vAdI ke mata meM nahIM hai| nayavAda kI saiddhAntikatA aura vyAvahArikatA tattvataH sabhI padArtha sAmAnya-vizeSarUpa haiN| parantu alpajJAnI dharma, adharma, AkAza-kAla, ina apodgalika padArthoM ke sAmAnya-vizeSatva ko samyag prakAra se nahIM samajha sakate, zabdAdi paudgalika padArthoM ke sAmAnya-vizeSatva ko acchI prakAra samajha sakate haiM / kevala naMgamanaya kA anukaraNa karane vAle nyAya-vaizeSika paraspara bhinna aura nirapekSa sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM ko svIkAra karate hai / naigamanaya ke anusAra abhinna jJAna kA kAraNa sAmAnyadharma vizeSadharma se bhinna hai| do dharma athavA do dharmI athavA eka dharma aura eka dharmI meM pradhAna aura gauNatA kI vivikSAoM ko 'nakagama' athavA naigamanaya kahate haiN| parantu do dharma, do dharmI athavA eka dharma aura eka dharmI meM sarvathA bhinnatA dikhAne ko 'nagamAbhAsa' kahate haiN| nigama zabda kA artha hai-deza-saMkalpa aura upcaar| inameM hone vAle abhiprAya ko naigamanaya kahate haiN| arthAt isameM tAdAtmya kI apekSA se hI sAmAnya vizeSa kI bhinnatA kA samarthana kiyA jAtA hai| vedAMtI aura sAMkhya kevala saMgrahanaya ko mAnate haiN| vizeSarahita sAmAnyamAtra jAnane vAle ko saMgrahanaya kahate haiN| saMgrahanaya eka zabda ke dvArA aneka padArthoM ko grahaNa karatA hai athavA eka aMza yA avayava kA nAma lene se sarvaguNaparyAya sahita vastu ko grahaNa karane vAlA saMgrahanaya hai| yadyapi saMgrahanaya kI apekSA dravya aura paryAya sat se abhinna haiM--parantu vyavahAranaya kI 1 udadhAviva sarvasindhavaH, samudIrNAstvayinAtha dRSTayaH / na ca tAsu bhavAn pradRzyate, pravibhaktAsu saritsvivodadhiH / / 2 nigama: dezasaMkalpaH upacAro vA tatra bhavo naigamaH / -syAdvAdamaMjarI -jaina siddhAMta dIpikA 16
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________________ zrI jaina divAkara mmRti- grantha / / cintana ke vividha bindu : 472 : apekSA dravya aura paryAya ko sat se bhinna mAnA gayA hai, dravya aura paryAya ke ekAMta bheda pratipAdana ko vyavahArAbhAsa kahate haiM, jaise cArvAka darzana / cArvAka loga dravya ke paryAyAdi ko na mAnakara kevala bhUtacatuSTaya ko mAnate haiM ataH unheM vyavahAra bhAsa kahA gayA hai| yaha vyavahAranaya upacArabahala aura laukika dRSTi ko lekara calatA hai| bauddha loga kSaNa-kSaNa meM nAza hone vAlI paryAyoM ko hI vAstavika mAnakara paryAyoM ke Azrita dravyoM kA niSedha karate haiM, isalie unakA mata RjusUtranayAbhAsa hai| vastu ke sarvathA niSedha karane ko RjusUtranayAbhAsa kahate haiM / vartamAna kSaNa kI paryAya mAtra kI pradhAnatA se vastu kA kathana karanA RjusUtranaya hai-jaise-isa samaya maiM sukha kI paryAya bhogatA haiN| paraspara virodhI liMga, saMkhyAdi ke bheda se vastu meM bheda mAnane ko zabdanaya kahate haiN| vaiyAkaraNa loga zabdanaya Adi kA anukaraNa karate haiN| kAlAdi ke bheda se zabda aura artha ko sarvadAsa alaga mAnane ko zabdanayAbhAsa kahate haiM / rUr3hi se saMpUrNa zabdoM ke eka artha meM prayukta hone ko 'zabdanaya' kahate haiN| samabhirUDhanaya paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM bhinna artha ko dyotita karatA hai / bhinna-bhinna vyutpatti hone se paryAyavAcI zabda bhinna-bhinna arthoM ke dyotaka haiN| paryAyavAcI zabdoM ko sarvathA bhinna mAnanA samabhirUDhanayAbhAsa kahate haiN| jisa samaya vyUtpatti ke nimitta rUpa artha kA vyavahAra hotA hai usI samaya meM zabda meM artha kA vyavahAra hotA hai arthAt jisa kSaNa meM kisI zabda kI vyutpatti kA nimitta kAraNa saMpUrNa rUpa se vidyamAna ho, usI samaya usa zabda kA prayoga karanA ucita hai--yaha evaMbhUtanaya kI mAnyatA hai| naya se viSayIkRta vastU dharma ko abhedavRtti prAdhAnya athavA bhedopacAra se kramazaH kahane vAlA vAkya-vikalAdeza kahA jAtA hai| arthAt vikalAdeza kramazaH bhedopacAra se athavA bheda prAdhAnya se azeSa dharmAtmaka vastu kA pratipAdana karatA hai kyoMki usako nayAdhInatA hai| pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra meM devendra sUri ne kahA hai "iyaM saptabhaMgI pratibhaMga sakalAdezasvabhAvA vikalAdezasvabhAvA ceti / " arthAt saptabhaMgI kA eka-eka bhaMga sakalAdeza svabhAva kI taraha vikalAdeza svabhAva bhI svIkRta kiyA hai| pramANa ke sAta bhaMgoM kI apane viSaya meM vidhi aura pratiSedha kI apekSA naya ke bhI sAta bhaMga hote haiN| nagamAdi nayoM meM pahale-pahale naya adhika viSaya vAle haiM aura Age-Age ke naya parimita viSaya vAle haiN| saMgrahanaya sata mAtra ko jAnatA hai jabaki naigamanaya sAmAnya aura vizeSa-donoM ko jAnatA hai isaliye saMgrahanaya kI apekSA naigamanaya kA adhika viSaya hai| vyavahAranaya saMgrahanaya se jAne hue padArthoM ko vizeSa rUpa se jAnatA hai jabaki saMgraha samasta sAmAnya padArthoM ko jAnatA hai isalie saMgrahanaya kA viSaya vyavahAranaya kI apekSA adhika hai| vyavahAranaya tInoM kAloM ke padArthoM ko jAnatA hai aura RjusUtranaya se kevala vartamAna paryAya kA jJAna hotA hai ataH vyavahAranaya kA viSaya RjasUtranaya se adhika hai, isI prakAra zabdanaya se RjusUtranaya kA, samabhirUDha se zabdanaya kA, aura evaMbhUtanaya se samabhirUDhanaya kA viSaya adhika hai| 1 naya vAkyamapi svaviSaye pravartamAnaM vidhipratiSedhAbhyAM saptabhaMgImanuvrajati / -pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra, a07
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________________ : 473 : nayavAda : vibhinna darzanoM ke samanvaya kI zrI jaina divAkara-smRti-grantha vyAvahArikanaya kI apekSA phANita, gur3a, madhura rasa vAlA kahA gayA hai aura naizcayikanaya kI apekSA pAMca varNa, do gaMdha, pA~ca rasa aura ATha sparza vAlA kahA gayA hai| vyAvahArikanaya kI apekSA bhramara kAlA hai aura naizcayikanaya se bhramara pAMca varNa, do gaMdha, pA~ca rasa aura ATha sparza vAlA hai| vyAvahArikanaya se tote ke paMkha hare haiM aura naizcayikanaya se pA~ca varNa vAle, do gaMdha vAle, pA~ca rasa vAle aura ATha sparza vAle hote haiM / isa prakAra isa abhilApa dvArA majITha lAla hai, haldI pIlI hai, zaMkha zveta hai, kuSTha (paTavAsa-kapar3e meM sugaMdha dene vAlI pattI) sugaMdhita hai, murdA (mRtaka zarIra) dugaMdhita hai, nIma (nimba) tikta (tIkhA) hai, sUTha kaTuya (kar3avA) hai, kaviTha kaSailA hai, imalI khaTTI hai, khAMDa madhura hai, vajra karkaza (kaThora) hai, navanIta (makkhana) mRdu (komala) hai, loha bhArI hai, ulukapatra (borar3I kA pattA) halkA hai, hima (barpha) ThaMDA hai, agnikAya uSNa hai aura tela snigdha (cikanA) hai| kiMtu naizcayikanaya se ina saba meM pA~ca varNa, do gaMdha, pA~ca rasa aura ATha sparza haiN| vyAvahArikanaya se rAkha rUkSa sparza vAlI hai aura naizcayikanaya se rAkha pA~ca varNa, do gaMdha, pA~ca rasa aura ATha sparza vAlI hai| vyAvahArikanaya loka-vyavahAra kA anusaraNa karatA hai isalie jisa vastu kA loka prasiddha jo varNa hotA hai vaha usI ko mAnatA hai / naizcayikanaya vastu meM jitane varNa haiM una sabako mAnatA hai| paramANu Adi meM saba varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza vidyamAna haiM, isalie naizcayikanaya ina sabako mAnatA hai| tAttvika artha kA kathana karane vAle vicAra ko nizcayanaya kahate haiM yaha siddhAMtavAdI dRSTikoNa hai / lokaprasiddha artha ko mAnane vAle vicAra ko vyavahAranaya kahate haiM / vibhinna darzanoM ke samanvaya kA pratIka : nayavAda anyavAdI paraspara pakSa aura pratipakSa bhAva rakhane ke kAraNa eka-dUsare se IrSyA karate haiM, parantu sampUrNa nayoM ko eka samAna dekhane vAle Apake zAstroM meM pakSapAta nahIM hai| ApakA siddhAnta IrSyA se rahita hai kyoMki Apa negamAdi sampUrNa nayoM ko eka samAna dekhate haiN| jisa prakAra bikhare hue motiyoM ko eka sUtra meM piro dene se motiyoM kA sundara hAra banakara taiyAra ho jAtA hai / usI taraha bhinna-bhinna nayoM ko syAdvAda rUpI sUtra meM piro dene se sampUrNa naya zrutapramANa kahe jAte haiM / paraspara vivAda karate hue vAdI loga kisI madhyastha ke dvArA nyAya kiye jAne para vivAda karanA banda karake Apasa meM mila jAte haiM vaise hI paraspara viruddha naya sarvajJa bhagavAna ke zAsana kI zaraNa lekara 'syAta' zabda dvArA virodha ke zAnta ho jAne para paraspara maitrIbhAva se ekatra rahane lagate haiM, ataH bhagavAna ke zAsana ke sarvanayasvarUpa hone se bhagavAna kA zAsana sampUrNa darzanoM se aviruddha hai kyoMki pratyeka darzana nayasvarUpa hai| he bhagavan ! Apa sampUrNa naya rUpa darzanoM ko madhyastha bhAva se dekhate haiM ataH IrSyAlu nahIM hai| kyoMki Apa eka pakSa kA Agraha karake dUsare pakSa kA tiraskAra nahIM karate haiN| he bhagavan ! Apane kevalajJAna se samasta padArthoM ko yathArtha rIti se jAna karanaya aura pramANa ke dvArA durnayavAda kA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai / nayasvarUpa syAdvAda kA prarUpaNa karane vAlA ApakA dvAdazAMga pravacana kisI ke dvArA bhI parAbhUta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / sabhI padArtha dravyAthikanaya kI apekSA nitya aura paryAyAthikanaya kI apekSA anitya haiN| 1 vAvahAriyaNayassa kAlae bhamare, NecchaiyaNayassa paMcavaNNe dugaMdhe paMcarase aThThaphAse pnnnntte| -bhagavatI, zataka 18, uddezaka 6, sUtra 2
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________________ || zrI jaina divAkara- smRti-grantha / cintana ke vividha bindu : 474 : kevala dravyAthikanaya ko mAnane vAle advaitavAdI, koI mImAMsaka aura sAMkhyavAdI sAmAnya ko hI sata (vAcya kahate haiM / kevala paryAyAthikanaya ko mAnane vAle bauddha loga vizeSa ko hI sata mAnate haiN| kevala naigamanaya kA anusaraNa karane vAle nyAya-vaizeSika paraspara bhinna aura nirapekSa sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM ko svIkAra karate haiN| jo eka aMza ko lekara vastu ke svarUpa kA varNana karatA hai vaha vastutaH jJAnanaya hai| AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki jisako samyagjJAna athavA samyagrUpa dekho usI ko saMyamarUpa dekho aura jisako saMyamarUpa dekho usI ko samyagarUpa dekho|' samyag jAna kara hI-grahaNa karane vAle artha meM aura agrahaNIya artha meM bhI hotA hai| use ihaloka aura paraloka se sambandhita artha ke viSaya meM yatna karanA caahie| isa prakAra jo sadvyavahAra ke jJAna ke kAraNa kA upadeza hai-vaha prastAvataH jJAnanaya hai| bhagavAna ne sAdhuoM ko lakSya karake kahA ki 'jo sabhI nayoM ke nAnA prakAra kI vaktavyatAoM ko sunakara saba nayoM se vizuddha hai vahI sAdhu-cAritra aura jJAna ke viSaya meM avasthita hai| dRSTAnta ke taura para AtmA ke viSaya meM paraspara virodhI tattva milate haiN| kisI kahanA hai ki AtmA eka hai / kisI kA kahanA hai ki AtmA aneka haiN| ekatva aura anekatatva kA paraspara virodha hai aisI dazA meM yaha vAstavika hai yA nahIM aura agara vAstavika nahIM hai to usakI saMgati kaise ho sakatI hai ? isa bAta kI khoja nayavAda ne kI aura kahA ki vyakti kI dRSTi se AtmA aneka hai aura zuddha caitanya kI dRSTi se ek| isa prakAra samanvaya karake nayavAda paraspara virodhI mAlUma par3ane vAle vAkyoM meM ekavAkyatA siddha kara detA hai| isI prakAra AtmA ke viSaya meM nityatva, anityatva, kartRtva, akartRtva Adi virodha bhI nayavAda dvArA zAnta kiye jA sakate haiN| naya dRSTi, vicAra saraNi aura sApekSa abhiprAya-ina sabhI zabdoM kA eka artha hai / nayoM ke varNana se yaha spaSTa jAnA jA sakatA hai ki kisI bhI viSaya ko lekara usakA vicAra aneka dRSTiyoM se kiyA jA sakatA hai / vicAra saraNiyoM ke aneka hone para bhI saMkSepa meM unheM sAta bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / inameM uttarottara adhika sUkSmatA hai| evaMbhUtanaya sabase adhika sUkSma hai| jisa vicAra meM artha kI pradhAnatA ho vaha arthanaya aura jisameM zabda kI pradhAnatA ho vaha zabdanaya hai| Rjusatranaya taka pahale cAra arthanaya haiM aura bAkI tIna zabdanaya haiN| isa prakAra nayavAda vyAvahArika aura saiddhAntika tulA para avasthita hai tathA vibhinna darzanoM ke samanvaya kI apUrva kalA hai| paricaya evaM patA zrIcanda corar3iyA nyAyatIrtha jainadarzana meM zodhakartA, lezyAkoza, kriyA koSa Adi ke sampAdaka / jaina philosAphikala sosAyaTI 16/sI0 DaoNvara lena, kalakattA 26 -AyAro 5/3 1 jaM sammaM ti pAsaha taM moNaM ti pAsaha / jaM moNaM ti pAsaha taM samma ti pAsaha / 2 NAyaMmi gihiavvaM agihiavvaMmi atthaMmi / jai anvameva iijo, uvaeso so nao nAma / samvesi pi nayANaM bahaviha vattavvayaM nisAmittA / taM savvanayavisuddha jaM caraNaguNaTThio sAhU / -aNumogadArAI, uttarAkhaM