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________________ nandIsUtra aura usakI mahattA AcAryapravara zrI hastImala jI ma.sA. AcAryapravara zrI hastAmala jI ma.sA. ne nandIsUtra kA saskRta chAyA, hindI TIkA evaM anuvAda ke sAtha saMzAdhana-- sampAdana kiyA thA, jisakA prakAzana sana 1942 meM sAtArA se huA thA AcArya zrI ne naba prastAvana lekhA ke rUpa meM nandIsUtra evaM sUtrakAra ko jo carcA kI thI, usakA aMza yahA prastuta hai| AnnArya zrI ne kucha viSayoM kA vivecana acArya zrI AtmArAmajI na sA. dvArA likhina bhUmikA meM A jAne se chor3a diyA thaa| isa prakAra AcArya zrI AtmArAmajI ma.sA. AcArya zrI hastImala moma.sA. ke lekha eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiM sampAdaka nandosUtra kI gaNanA mUlasUtroM meM hotI hai| niyuktikAra ne 'nandI' zabda kA nikSepa karate hue kahA hai ki 'bhAvami nANapaNagaM arthAt bhAvanikSepa meM pA~ca jJAna ko nandI kahate haiN| nATyazAstra meM aura 12 prakAra ke vAdya artha meM bhI nandI zabdakA prayoga AtA hai| kinnu yahAM pA~ca jJAnarUpa bhAvanandI kA varNana karane evaM bhavyajanoM ke pramoda kA kAraNa hone se yaha zAstra nando kahalAtA hai| pA~ca jJAna kI sUcanA karane se yaha sUtra hai| aMgAdi AgamoM meM nandI kA sthAna- aMga, upAMga, mUla va cheda isa prakAra jainAgamoM ke prasiddha jo cAra vibhAga haiM unameM prastuta nandIsUtra kA mUla Agama meM sthAna hai, kyoMki isameM AtmA ke mUla guNa jJAna kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| (aMga, upAMga, mUla va cheda kI vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie sAtArA se prakAzita dazavaikAlika sUtra kI bhUmikA dekheM) nandIsUtra kA vizeSa paricaya nandIsUtra kA viSaya hai AtmA ke jJAnaguNa kA varNana krnaa| isameM jJAna se saMbaMdha rakhane vAle saMsthAna Adi saba bAtoM ko nahIM kaha pA~coM jJAnoM ke mukhya bheToM kA svarUpa aura unake jAnane kA viSaya dikhAyA gayA hai| viSaya-nandIsUtra meM AcArya zrI devavAcaka ne sarvaprathama arhadATi AvalikA rUpa se 50 gAthAoM meM maMgalAcaraNa kiyA hai| phira AbhinibodhikajJAna, zrutajJAna Adi jJAna ke pA~ca bheTa karake prakArAntara se pratyakSa va parokSa saMjJA se jJAna ke do prakAra kiye haiN| pratyakSa ke indriya pratyakSa va noindriyapratyakSa aise do bheda karake prathama 8 prakAra kA indriyapratyakSa kahA hai, jisako jaina nyAyazAstra kI paribhASA meM sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahate haiN| tadanantara noindriya pratyakSa meM avadhijJAna, mana:paryavajJAna va kevalajJAna kA avAntara bhedoM ke sAtha varNana kiyA hai| isa prakAra pradhAnatva kI dRSTi se pratyakSa varNana karake phira parokSa jJAna meM Abhinibodhaka jJAna ke azruta-nizrita va zruta-nizrita aise do bheda kie gae haiM tathA autpattiko Adi 4 buddhioM ke udAharaNapUrvaka varNana se azruta vizrita manijJAna kahA gayA hai| avagraha, IhA. avAya aura dhAraNA bheTa se bhinna zrutanizrita vijJAna kA prabhedoM se varNana karake pratibodhaka aura mallaka ke
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________________ 376 jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGka | dRSTAnta se avagraha, IhA Adi meM paraspara bheda samajhAyA gayA hai| isake bAda uttarArdha meM zrutajJAna parokSa ke 1. akSara 2. anakSara 3. sanni 4. asanni 5. samyak 6. mithyA 7. sAdi. 8. anAdi 9. sAvasAna 10. niravasAna 11. gamika 12. agamika 13. aMgapraviSTa aura 14. anaMgapraviSTa aise 14 bheToM kA kathana karake kramaza: unakA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai| aMgabAhyazruta meM Avazyaka ke 6 adhyayanoM aura unkAlika va kAlika zrutoM kI parigaNanA kI gaI hai| bAda meM aMgapraviSTa meM 11 agoM kA viSaya-paricaya va unake zrutaskandha, adhyayana Adi kA parimANa evaM uddezana samuddezana kAla kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| phira 12veM aMga dRSTivAda ke 1. parikarma 2. sUtra 3. pUrvagata 4. anuyoga va 5. cUlikA ina pA~coM prakAroM kA avAntara bhedoM ke sAtha varNana kiyA gayA hai| anta meM dvAdazAMgI kI virAdhanA kA saMsAra meM bhramaNa rUpa aura usakI ArAdhanA kA saMsAra se tAraNarUpa phala batAyA hai| upasaMhAra meM paMcAstikAya kI taraha dvAdazAMgI kI nityatA dikhAkara zrutajJAna ke bheToM kA To gAthAoM se saMgraha kiyA hai| Age anuyoga zravaNa evaM anuyoga dAna kI vidhi kahI gaI hai| isa prakAra zrutajJAna parokSa ke sAtha nandIsUtra kI samApti hotI hai| racanA kA mUla AdhAra evaM zailI- isakI racanA kA mUla AdhAra pA~cavA~ jJAnapravAda pUrva saMbhava lagatA hai, kyoMki usameM jJAnasaMbaMdhI varNana hai| vartamAna ke aMgopAMga Adi zAstra meM bhI isakA AdhAra milatA hai| nandIsUtra kI racanA sUtra aura gAthA ubhayarUpa se huI hai| isakI sUtraracanA praznottara ke rUpa meM hone se prAya: sugama hai| pratyeka prazna vAkya ke antima pada ko uttara vAkya meM bhI duharAyA gayA hai| prAcIna AgamoM meM bahudhA yaha zailI dRSTigocara hotI hai (dekheM, bhagavatIsUtra Adi aNgshaastr)| yahAM pAThakoM ko zaMkA hogI ki zAstra to alpAkSara aura bahu arthavAle hote haiM, phira isa sUtra meM eka hI pada kI aneka bAda AvRtti kyoM kI? kyA isase punarukti doSa nahIM hogA? uttara meM punarukti sarvatra doSa hI hotA hai yA kahIM guNa bhI, yaha samajhanA caahie| AcAryoM ne kaI prasaMga aise gAne haiM jinameM punarukti doSa nahIM hotA, yathA punaruktirna duSyate / uparyukta zloka meM AdarArtha kiye gaye punarukta ko bhI nirdoSa mAnA hai, isake sivAya kahIM-kahIM subodhArtha kI bhI zAbdika yA Arthika punarakti kI gaI hai, jaise-Aghavijjai, panna. Adi, isake lie AcArya ne 'ziSyabuddhivaizadyArtham' aisA uttara diyA hai| bhASA aura grantha parimANa bhagavatI sUtra kI taraha nandIsUtra kI mUlabhASA prAcIna prAkRta hai| prAkRta sAhitya meM thor3A bhI abhyAsa rakhane vAlA isa para se sahaja bodha kara sakatA hai| grantha parimANa sAta sau kA kahA jAtA hai| jaise
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________________ - - - nandIsUtra aura usakI mahattA . . 377 1474 ko hastalikhita prati meM prasthAna 500 likhA hai| kintu 'jayai' pada se antima 'se taM nandI' isa pada taka ke pATha ko akSaramANana se ginane para 20686 akSara hote haiM, jinake 646 zloka 14 akSara hote haiN| agara kahA jAya ki 700 kI gaNanA ANunnAnandI ko lekara pUrI kI gaI hai, to usameM bahuta zloka bar3hate haiM, ata: aisA mAnanA bhI saMgata nhiiN| pracalita nandIsUtra kA mUlapATha yadi kauMsa ke pAThoM ko milAveM to bhI 650 karIba hotA hai, saMbhava hai kAlakrama se kucha pATha kI kamI ho gaI ho, yA lekhakoM ne anumAna se 700 likhA ho| kartA- nandIsUtra ke kartA zrIdevavacAka AcArya mAne jAte haiN| cUrNikara zrIjinadAsagaNi ApakA paricaya dete hue likhate haiM ki 'devavAyago sAhujaNa-hiyaTThAe iNamAha - nandIcUrNi (pR. 20.1/12) / isakI puSTi meM vRttikAra zrI haribhadrasUri kA ullekha isa prakAra hai- "detavAcako'dhikRtAdhyayanaviSayabhUtasya jJAnasya prarUpaNAM kurvannidamAha'' phira-- 'nanu devavAcakaracito'yaM grantha iti nandI hAribhadrIyA vRtti (pR.37) uparyukta uddharaNoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki nandIsUtra ke lekhaka zrIdevavAcaka AcArya haiM, kintu yaha vicAranA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki AcArya zrI ne isakA maulika nirmANa kiyA hai yA prAcIna zAstroM se uddharaNa kiyA hai? TIkAkAra zrI haribhadrasUri ne mana:payaMvajJAna kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai ki yaha grantha devavAcakaracita hai, taba aprAsaMgika gautama kA AmantraNa kyoM? isa zaMkA ke uttara meM Apa kahate haiM ki "pUrvasUtroM ke AlApaka hI artha ke vaza se AcArya ne race haiM'' dekho 'pUrvasUtrAlApakA eka arthavazAdviracitAH'-zrImannanTI-hA.vR. (pR. 42) upAdhyAya samayasundara gaNi bhI likhate hai- 'aMgazAstroM ke sivAya anya zAstra AcAryoM ne aMgoM se uddhRta kiye haiM' dekho- 'ekAdaza aMgAni gaNadharabhASitAni, anyAgamAH sarve'pi chadmasthai aMgebhyaH uddhRtAH santi'- pR.77, samAcArI shtk| saMkalanakartA va nirmAtA- zrIdevavAcaka AcArya prastuta sUtra ke saMkalanakartA haiN| inhoMne isakA saMkalana kiyA hai, nUtana nirmANa nhiiN| upAdhyAyazrI ne apanI bhUmikA meM isa viSaya ko sapramANa siddha kiyA hai| TIkAkAra zrIharibhadrUsari jI bhI mana:paryava jJAna kI vyAkhyA karate hue pUrva sUtroM ke AlApa ko hI AcArya ne arthavaza se race haiM' aisA likhate haiM dekho TIkA pR.42| dusarI bAta yaha hai ki nandIsUtra meM Aye hue terAsiya' pada kA artha cUrNikAra va vRttikAroM ne 'AjIvika sampradAya hI kiyA hai / dekho.... 'te ceva AjIviyA terAsiyA bhaNiyA' cUrNi pR.106 paM.9 aura 'cairAzikAzcA
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________________ |378 jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGka | jIvakA evocyante' hAribhradIyA vRni pa.1 5.7 / yadi devavAcaka ko hI nandIsUtra kA mUla kartA mAnA hotA to curNi aura vRtti meM 'terAsiya' pada kA artha bhI AcArya trairAzika sampradAya karate, kyoMki vI.ni. 544 meM rohagupta AcArya se trairAzika sampradAya kA AvirbhAva ho cukA thaa| phira bhI terAsiya' pada se AjIvaka hI kahe jAte haiM, aisA AcArya zrI kA nizcayAtmaka vacana yahI siddha karatA hai ki nandIsUtra ko maulika racanA gaNadharakRta hai, kyoMki devavAcaka kA sattA samaya dRSyagaNi ke bAda mAnA gayA hai, vI. ni . . 48 ke pUrva kA nhiiN| ina saba pramANoM se siddha hotA hai ki 'devavAcaka' AcArya nandIsUtra ke saMkalanakartA hI haiN| devavAcaka aura devarddhigaNi- nandIsUtra ke saMkalanakartA zrI TevavAcaka aura devarddhigaNi donoM bhinna-bhinna haiM yA eka hI AcArya ke ye do nAma haiM, isa viSaya meM zrImannandIsUtra ke upodghAta meM isa prakAra likhA hai- 'devavAcaka kA dUsarA nAma zrI devaddhigaNI hai, kintu nandIsUtra ke saMkalanakartA devavAcaka AgamoM ko pustakArUDha karane vAle devarddhi se bhinna haiN|'' sthavirAvalI kI merutuMgiyA TIkA meM bhI 'dUsagaNiNo ya TevaDDhI' likhakara devavAcaka kA dUsarA nAma devarddhi mAnA hai| 'gacchamataprabandha ane saMgha pragati' ke lekhaka buddhisAgara sUrI ne pR. 526 kI paTTAvalI meM bhI devavAcaka aura devarddhi ko bhinna-bhinna mAnA hai| uparyukta mAnyatA meM nandI va kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI pramANa samajhI jAtI hai, kyoMki nandIsUtra ke racayitA devavAcaka ko vRnikAra ne dRSyagaNi kA ziSya kahA hai aura kalpa kI sthavirAvalI ke nirmAtA devagiNI zANDilya ke ziSya mAne gaye haiM, devarddhi jo pUrvavartI haiM ve zAstroM ko pustakArUDha karane vAle mAne jAyeMge aura dRSyagaNi ke ziSya devavAcaka nandIsUtra ke lekhaka hoNge| arthAt zAstralekhana ke bAda nandIsUtra kA nirmANa mAnanA hogA, jo sarvathA viruddha hai| nandIsUtra kI vizeSatA zrI nandIsUtra aura zrI devarddhigaNI ke viSaya meM saMkSipta paricaya dekara hama prastuta sUtra kI vizeSatA para vicAra karate haiN| sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, bhagavatI va rAjapraznIya Adi aMga aura upAMga zAstroM meM prasaMgopAtta jJAna kA varNana milatA hai, kintu isa prakAra vizada rIti se pA~ca jJAnoM kA ekatra varNana nandIsUtra meM hI upalabdha hotA hai, zrutanizrita matijJAna ke avagraha Adi bhedoM ko pratibodhaka va mallaka ke udAharaNa se samajhAnA aura cAra buddhioM kA udAharaNa ke sAtha paricaya denA yaha gandIsUtra kI khAsa vizeSatA hai| pUrva varNita viSaya kA gAthAoM ke dvArA saMkSepa meM upasaMhAra kara dirakhAnA yaha isa sUtra kI dUsarI vizeSatA hai|
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________________ 379 nandIsUtra aura usakI mahattA nandIsUtra para TIkAe~ nandIsUtra para prAkRta, saMskRta, hindI, gujarAtI aisI cAra bhASAoM meM TIkAe~ upalabdha haiN| inameM prathana TokA jo cUNi kahalAtI hai, vaha jinadAsagaNi mahattarakRta prAkRta bhASA meM hai| dUsarI TIkA zrI haribhadrarikRta saMskRta bhASA meM haiN| yaha TokA bahuta acchI hai| prAya: cUrNi ke Adarza para nirmANa kI gaI mAlUma honI hai| tIsarI zrImalayagiri TokA hai| isameM malayagiri AcAryakRta vistRta vivecana hai| cauthI gujarAtI bAlAvabodha nAma kI TIkA rAyabahAdura dhanapanisiMha jI kI tarapha se prakAzita hai| pA~cavI pUjya zrI amolakaRSikRta hindI anuvAda hai| sabhI mUla ke sAtha mudrita hai| zAstrAntara ke sAtha nandIsUtra kA bheda jaba hama nandIsUtra ke viSaya ko anya zAstroM meM dekhate haiM, taba unameM kahIM kahIM geTa bhI milatA hai, jisameM kucha bheda to vizeSatAdarzaka hai aura kucha matabheTasUcaka bhii| yahAM hama unakA saMkSepa meM digdarzana karAte haiM1. avadhijJAna ke viSaya, saMsthAna, Abhyantara aura bAhya tathA dezAvadhi, sarvAvadhi ATi vicAra pannavaNA ke 33 veM pada meM milate haiN| 2. matisampadA ke nAma se dazAzrutaskandha ke caturtha adhyayana meM avagraha. IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ko kSipra grahaNa karanA 1, eka sAtha bahuta grahaNa karanA 2, aneka prakAra se aura nizcala rUpa se grahaNa karanA 3-4, binA kisI ke sahAre tathA sandeharahita grahaNa karanA 5-6, ye cha: prakAra haiM, pratipakSa ke 6 prakAra milAne se avagraha Adi ke 12-12 bheda hote hai| ye donoM bheda vizeSatA darzaka haiN| 3. pA~ca jhAnoM meM prathama ke 3 jJAna mithyAdRSTi ke liye mithyAjJAna kahalAte haiN| nandIsUtra meM matiajJAna aura zrutaajJAna kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu bhagavatI Adi zAstroM meM mithyAdRSTi ke avadhijJAna ko bhI vibhagajJAna kahA hai| (za.8, u.2) 4. matijJAna kA viSaya- nandIsUtra meM matijJAna kA viSaya dikhAte hue kahA hai ki matijJAnI sAmAnya rUpa se saba dravyoM ko jAnatA hai kintu dekhatA nhiiN| parantu bhagavatI sUtra ke za.8 u.2 aura sUtra 182 meM kahA hai ki "matijJAnI sAmAnya rUpa se saba dravyoM ko jAnanA aura dekhatA hai|'' uparyukta donoM ullekhoM meM mahAn bheda dikhatA hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM TIkAkAra ne isako vAcanAntara mAnA hai, unakA vaha ullekha isa prakAra hai-- 'idaM ca sUtraM nanyAmiheva vAcanAntare 'na pAsai' iti pAThAntareNAdhItam', donoM vAcanAoM kA TIkAkAra ne isa prakAra samanvaya kiyA hai- 'Adeza' paTa kA 'zrata' artha karake zrutajJAna se upalabdha saba dravyaM ko matijJAnI jAnanA hai, yaha bhagavatI sUtra kA Azaya hai| nandIsUtra meM na pAsai kahane kA azaya isa prakAra hai - Adeza kA matalaba hai prakAra vaha sAmAnya aura vizeSa airo do prakAra
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________________ 380 jinavANI- jainAgama - sAhitya vizeSAGka kA hai, unameM dravyajAti isa sAmAnya prakAra se dharmAstikAya Adi saba dravyoM ko matijJAnI jAnatA hai aura dharmAstikAya, dharmAstikAya kA deza isa vizeSa rUpa se bhI jAnatA hai, kintu dharmAstikAya Adi saba dravyoM ko nahIM dekhatA, kevala yogya deza meM sthita zabdarUpa Adi ko dekhatA hai, dekheM vaha TIkA kA aMza- "Adeza: prakAra:. sa ca sAmAnyato vizeSat / tatra dravyajAtisAmAnyadezena sarvadravyANi dharmAstikAyAdIni jAnAti, vizeSato'pi yathA dharmAstikAya zramastikAyasya deza ityAdi na pazyati sarvAn dharmAstikAyAdIn, zabdAdIMstu yogyadezAvasthitAn pazyatyapIti / " zrutajJAna dvAdazAMgI kA paricaya samavAyAMga sUtra meM nandIsUtra se kucha bhinna milatA hai| pariziSTa meM samavAyAMga kA pATha diyA hai, jisako par3hakara pAThaka sahaja meM bhinna aMza ko samajha sakate haiN| usameM bahuta sA aMza viziSTatAsUcaka hai, kintu AThaveM, navaveM aura dasaveM aMga ke paricaya meM jo bheda hai vaha vizeSa vicAraNIya hai| AThave aMga ke 8 varga aura uddezana kAla haiM, parantu samavAyAMga meM dasa adhyayana, sAta varga aura 10 uddezanakAla, samuddezana kAla kahe haiN| TIkAkAra ne isakA samAdhAna aisA kiyA hai- 1 prathama varga kI apekSA ho daza adhyayana ghaTita hote haiM, 2 prathamavarga se itara kI apekSA 7 varga hote haiN| uddezanakAla ke liye likhate haiM ki- 'nAsyAbhiprAyamavagacchAmaH arthAt isakA abhiprAya hama nahIM smjhte| sambhava hai yaha vAcanAntara kI dRSTi se likhA gayA ho| navama aMga ke tIna varga aura tIna uddezanakAla haiM. kintu samavAyAMga meM daza adhyayana, tIna varga aura uddezanakAla va samuddezanakAla 10 likhe haiM / TIkAkAra zrI abhayadevasUri isake vivecana meM likhate haiM ki 'vargazca yugapadevoddizyate ityatastraya evaM uddezanakAlA bhavantItyevameva ca nandyAmabhidhIyante, iha tu dRzyante dazetyatrAbhiprAyo na jJAyata iti" - sama / arthAt varga kA eka sAtha hI uddezana hotA hai, isaliye tIna hI uddezanakAla hote haiM aura aisA hI nandrIsUtra meM kahA jAtA hai| yahAM daza uddezanakAla dikhate haiM, kintu isameM abhiprAya kyA? vaha mAluma nahIM hotA ! praznavyAkaraNa ke 45 uddezanakAla ke liye bhI TIkAkAra zrI abhayadevasUri vAcanAntara kI apekSA' aisA uttara dete haiN| uparyukta bhedoM ke sivAya bhI jo bheTa hoM, unake liye vAcanA bheTa ko kAraNa samajhanA cAhiye / malayagiri AcArya ne apanI TIkA meM yahI kAraNa dikhAyA hai, yathA- "iha hi skandilAcArya pravRttau duSSamAnubhAvato durbhikSapravRtyA sAdhUnA paThanaguNanAdikaM sarvamapyanezat / tato durbhikSAtikrame subhikSapravRttau dvayoH saMghayo mailApako 'bhavat, tadyathA eko valabhyAmeko mathurAyAm / tatra ca sUtrArtha-saMghaTane parasparavAca nAbhedo jAtaH / vismRtayorhi sUtrArthayoH smRtvA saMghaTane bhavatyavazyaM vAcanAbhedo na kAcidanupapattiH / "
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________________ nandIsUtra aura usakI mahattA 381 samayasundara upAdhyAya ne apane samAcArI zataka meM bhI likhA hai "tarhi kathametAvanto visaMvAdA likhitAstena? ucyate-eka tu kAraNamidaM yathA-yathA yasmina yasmina Agame matAvaziSTasAdhabhiryada yadaktama tathA tathA tasmin-tasmina Agame zrIdevarddhigaNikSamAzramaNenA'pi pustakArUDhIkRtam, na hi pApabhIravo mahAnta 'idaM satyam' 'idaM tu asatyamiti' ekAntena prarUpayantIti, dvitIya tu kAraNamidaM yathA valabhyAM yasminkAle devaddhiMgaNikSamAzramaNato vAcanA pravRtA tathA tasminneva kAle mathurAnagaryAmApe skandilAcAryato'pi dvitIyA vAcanA pravRttA, tadA tatkAlInamRtAvaziSTachAsthasAghumukhavinirgatA''gamAlApakeSu sakalanAyA vismRtatvAdidoSa eva vAcanAvisaMvAdakArako jAtaH'- pR.80 durbhikSA ke bAda bace hue sAdhuoM ne jisa jisa Agaga meM jaisA kahA vailA devarddhigaNI ne pustakArUDha kara liyA, kyoMki pApabhIra AcArya yaha satya, yaha asatya aisA ekAnta se prarUpaNa nahIM krte| dUsarA valabhI aura mathurA meM eka samaya To vAcanAe~ huI thI, jisameM mRtAvaziSTa sAdhuoM ke mukha ro nikale hue AlApakoM kI saMkalanA meM vismRtatva Adi doSa hI vAcanA ke visaMvAda kA kAraNa huaa| uparyukta ullekha se vAcanAbheda va matabheda kA kAraNa spaSTa ho jAtA hai, isaliye zaMkA karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii|