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________________ 'mUlArAdhanA' : aitihAsika, sAMskRtika evaM sAhityika mUlyAMkana -pro0 rAjArAma jaina zaurasenI prAkRta ke gaurava-granthoM meM 'malArAdhanA' kA sthAna sarvopari hai| yadyapi yaha graMtha mukhyata: muni-AcAra se sambandha rakhatA hai aura usameM tadviSayaka vistRta varNanoM ke sAtha-sAtha kucha maulika tathyoM --- yathA jaina sAdhuoM kI maraNottara-kriyA', sallekhanA kAla meM muni-paricaryA, maraNa ke vibhinna prakAra evaM utsarga-liGgI striyoM kI bhI jAnakArI dI gaI hai| phira bhI, bhautika jJAnavijJAna sambandhI vividha prAsaMgika sandarbho ke kAraNa ise saMskRti evaM itihAsa kA eka mahimA-maNDita koSa-graMtha bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| usameM vaNita Ayurveda-sambandhI sAmagrI ko dekhakara to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki granthakAra svayaM hI AyurvijJAna ke saiddhAntika evaM prAyogika kSetra meM siddhahasta thA / bahuta sambhava hai ki usane Ayurveda sambandhI koI graMtha bhI likhA ho, jo kisI paristhiti-vizeSa meM bAda meM kabhI lupta yA naSTa ho gayA ho| graMtha-paricaya malArAdhanA kA apara nAma bhagavatI-ArAdhanA bhI hai| usameM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyagcAritra evaM samyagatapa rUpa catavidha ArAdhanAoM kA varNana 2170 gAthAoM meM tathA usakA viSaya-vargIkaraNa 40 adhikAroM meM kiyA gayA hai| prastuta graMtha kI lokapriyatA evaM mahattA kA anumAna isI se lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki vibhinna kAloM evaM vividha bhASAoM meM usa para aneka TIkAe~ likhI gii| isakI kucha gAthAe~ Avazyaka niyukti, bRhatkalpabhASya, bhattipaiNNA evaM saMsthAraNa nAmaka zvetAMbara granthoM meM bhI upalabdha haiN| yaha kaha pAnA kaThina hai ki kisane kisase unheM grahaNa kiyA ? kintu aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pUrvAcAryoM kI zruti-paramparA hI inakA mUla-srota rahA hogaa| granthakAra-paricaya mUlArAdhanA ke lekhaka zivArya ke nAma evaM kAla-nirNaya ke viSaya meM paM0 nAthUrAma premI', haoN0 hIrAlAla jaina, paM0 jugala kizora mukhtAra evaM paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI" prabhUti vidvAnoM ne vistRta rUpa meM apane gahana vicAra prakaTa kie haiM aura prAyaH sabhI ke niSkarSoM ke AdhAra para unakA aparanAma zivakoTi2 yA zivamUti" thaa| ve yApanIya-saMgha ke AcArya the| inake 10 jugalakizora mahatAra eva para lagA 1. de0 gAthA-1966-2000 2. de0 gAthA-662-732 3. de0 gAthA-25-30 tathA 2011-2053 4. de0 gAthA-81 5. de0 gAthA-1-8 6. de. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa- nAthUrAma premI, pR74-86 7. vahI, pR071-73 8. vahI, (bambaI 1956)pR0 16.86 1. de. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, pR0 106 10. anekAnta, varSa 1. kiraNa 1 11. de0 bhagavatI pArAdhanA (prastAvanA) 12. jaina sAhitya evaM itihAsa, pR075 13. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, pR0 106 14. jaina sAhitya evaM itihAsa, pR068-66 jaina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti 57
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________________ guru kA nAma Arya sarvagupta' thaa| DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina ne kucha puSTa sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para inakA samaya prathama sadI IsvI nirdhArita kiyA hai|' mUlArAdhanA ke saMskaraNa mUlArAdhanA ke adyAvadhi do hI saMskaraNa nikala sake haiN| prathama saMskaraNa mUlArAdhanA ke nAma se navambara 1935 I0 meM solApura se prakAzita huA, jisameM kula patra saM0 1878 tathA mUlagAthA saM0 2170 hai| isameM 3 TIkAe~ prastuta kI gaI haiM: (1) aparAjitasUri (lagabhaga 6vIM sadI vikramI) kRta vijayodayA TIkA, (2) mahApaNDita AzAdhara kRta (lagabhaga 13vIM sadI) malArAdhanAdarpaNa TIkA, evaM mAthurasaMghIya amitagati (11vIM sadI) kRta padyAnuvAda ke rUpa meM saMskRta ArAdhanA TIkA / mUlArAdhanA ke Adya sampAdaka paM0 phaDakule ne vijayodayA-TIkA kA hindI anuvAda evaM 11 pRSThoM kI eka prastAvanA bhI likhI, jo paravartI samIkSakoM ke adhyayana ke lie kucha AdhArabhUta sAmagrI prastuta karatI rhii| vartamAna meM yaha saMskaraNa anupalabdha hai| isakA dUsarA saMskaraNa san 1978 meM jIvarAja granthamAlA solApura se bhagavatI-ArAdhanA ke nAma se prakAzita huA hai|' isake do khaNDa evaM kula 651 pRSTha haiN| isameM kevala aparAjitasUri kRta vijayodayA TokA evaM mUla gAthAoM tathA vijayodayA TIkA kA hindI anuvAda hI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| pariziSTa meM gAthAnukramaNI, vijayodayA TIkA meM Agata padyoM evaM vAkyoM kI anukramaNI, pAribhASika zabdAnukramaNI ke sAtha-sAtha 53 pRSThoM kI vidvattApUrNa prastAvanA evaM bhASA-TIkAnugAmI viSaya-sUcI prastuta kI gaI hai| prathama saMskaraNa kI truTiyA~ isa saMskaraNa meM dUra karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| ina vizeSatAoM se yaha saMskaraNa zodha-kartAoM ke lie upAdeya bana par3A hai| sAMskRtika sandarbha mUlArAdhanA ke AcAra darzana evaM siddhAnta para to paryApta prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai, kintu usakA sAMskRtika pakSa, jahA~ taka mujhe jAnakArI hai, abhI taka acacita hI hai| isa kAraNa IsvI san kI prArambhika sadI kI bhAratIya saMskRti ko ujAgara karane meM malArAdhanA kA kyA yogadAna rahA, isakI jAnakArI Adhunika zodha-jagat ko nahIM mila skii| sAMskRtika dRSTikoNa se adhyayana karane para mUlArAdhanA meM zivAryakAlIna Arthika jIvana, kuTIra evaM laghu-udyoga, vinimaya-prakAra evaM mudrAe~, mApa-taula ke sAdhana, RNa evaM RNI kI sthiti, vyApArika koThiyAM, yAtAyAta ke sAdhana, vibhinna peze evaM pezevara jAtiyA~, prAkRtika, rAjanaitika evaM mAnavIya bhUgola, vAstukalA, zilpa evaM sthApatyakalA, vaijJAnika rAsAyanika prakriyAe~, Ayurveda ke vividha sthAna, mAnava-zarIra-saMracanA evaM bhrUNavijJAna, mAnava-zarIra meM mastaka, meda, oja, vasA, pitta evaM zleSmA kA pramANa, roga evaM rogopacAra-vidhi evaM auSadhiyAM, daNDa-prathA Adi se sambaddha pracura sandarbha-sAmagrI upalabdha hotI hai / ataH mUlArAdhanA para abhI taka hue zodha-kAryoM ke mAtra pUraka ke rUpa meM usakI sAMskRtika sAmagrI ko vyavasthita rUpa meM yahA~ saMkSepa meM prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai / Arthika citraNa : udyoga-dhandhe __ mUlArAdhanA apane samaya kI eka pratinidhi racanA hai / Arthika dRSTikoNa se usakA adhyayana karane se usameM kavikAlIna bhArata ke Arthika jIvana evaM udyoga-dhandhoM kI spaSTa jhalaka milatI hai| yaha bhI vidita hotA hai ki daNDa-prathA atyanta kaThora hone evaM janasAmAnya ke prAya: sarala-prakRti tathA kaThora parizramI hone ke kAraNa usa yuga kA audyogika vAtAvaraNa zAMta rahatA thaa| sabhI ko apanI pratibhA, caturAI evaM yogyatAnusAra pragati ke samAna avasara prApta rahate the| kuTIra evaM laghu udyoga-dhandhoM kA pracalana sAmAnya thA, jise samAja evaM rAjya kA sahayoga evaM saMrakSaNa prApta rahatA thA / Aja jaise bhArI udyoga-dhandhoM (Heavy Industries) ke pracalana ke koI sandarbha nahIM milate / mUlArAdhanA meM vividha udyoga-sambandhI upalabdha sAmagrI kA vargIkaraNa nimna prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai: 1. carmodyoga-camar3e para vividha prakAra ke vajralepa Adi karake usase vividha vastuoM kA nirmANa / 1. jaina sAhitya evaM itihAsa, pu. 66. 2. J. P. Jain : Jain sources of History of Ancient India, 130-131. 3. paM.jinadAsa pAzvanAtha phaDakule dvArA sampAdita evaM rAvajI sakhArAma dosI dvArA prakAzita / 4. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI dvArA sampAdita / 5. cammeNa saha pAveto...."joNigasileso-gAthA 337. AcAryaratna zrI vezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja bhabhinandana anya
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________________ 2. sUtI vastrodyoga-sUtI vastroM kA nirmANa, una para citrakArI, vastra-silAI, kar3hAI evaM rNgaaii|' 3. rezamI vastrodyoga-rezama ke kIr3oM kA pAlana-poSaNa evaM rezamI vastra-nirmANa / 4. bartana-nirmANa kAMse ke bartanoM kA nirmANa adhika hotA thaa| svAsthya ke lie hitakara hone kI dRSTi se usakA pracalana adhika thaa| AyurvedIya-siddhAnta ke anusAra usameM bhojana-pAna karane se prayoktA ko viziSTa UrjA-zakti kI prApti hotI thii| 5. sugandhita padArthoM kA nirmANa-zArIrika saundarya ke nikhAra hetu jar3I-bUTiyoM evaM lodhra Adi padArthoM se snAna-pUrva mardana, abhyaMgana kI sAmagrI kA nirmANa, miTTI ke suvAsita mukha-lepana-cUrNa (Face Powders) evaM anya vastue~ / ' 6. ratnachedana-gharSaNa- ratnoM kI kharAda evaM unameM cheda krnaa|' 7. auSadhi-nirmANa / 8. AbhUSaNa-nirmANa-mukuTa, aMgada, hAra, kar3e Adi banAne ke sAtha-sAtha lohe para sone kA mulammA athavA pattA-pAnI car3hAnA tathA lAkha kI cUr3iyA~ bnaanaa|' 6. muutti-nirmaann| 10. citrnirmaann| 11. yuddha-sAmagrI kA nirmANa (de0 gAthA0 1222) 12. naukA-nirmANa (de0 gAthA0 1222) 13. lauha udyoga (de0 gAthA-1222) dainika AvazyakatAoM kI vastue~ taiyAra karanA / mudrAe~ (sikke) mudrAe~ mAnava-samAja ke Arthika vikAsa kI mahattvapUrNa pratIka mAnI gaI haiM / IsApUrva kAla meM vastu-vinimaya kA pramukha sAdhana prAyaH vastue~ hI thIM, jise Adhunika arthazAstriyoM ne Barter System kahA hai| kintu isa praNAlI se vastu-vinimaya meM aneka prakAra kI kaThinAiyoM ke utpanna hone ke kAraNa dhIre-dhIre eka naye vinimaya ke mAdhyama kI khoja kI gaI, jise mudrA (sikkA) kI saMjJA pradAna kI gaI / mUlArAdhanAkAla cUMki mudrAoM ke kA vikAsa-kAla thA, ataH usa samaya taka sambhavata: adhika mudrA-prakAroM kA pracalana nahIM ho pAyA thaa| granthakAra ne kevala 3 mudrA-prakAroM kI sUcanA dI hai, jinake nAma haiM- kAgaNI, kArSApaNa" evaM maNi / kAgaNI sikke kI sambhavataH antima choTI ikAI thI / vinimaya ke sAdhana (Medium of Exchange) vastu-vinimaya ke mAdhyama yadyapi pUrvokta mudrAe~ thIM, kintu mUlArAdhanA ke TIkAkAra aparAjita sUri ne vastu-vinimaya praNAlI arthAt Barter System ke bhI kucha sandarbha prastuta kie haiN| ho sakatA hai ki usa samaya adhika mudrAoM kI upalabdhi na hone athavA unakA pracAra adhika na ho pAne athavA mudrAoM kI kraya-zakti kama hone ke kAraNa vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM vastuvinimaya praNAlI (Barter System) bhI samAnAntara rUpa meM usa samaya pracalana meM rahI ho / aparAjitasUri ke anusAra yaha praNAlI do prakAra kI thI 1. tuSNaI uNNai jAcai "gAthA 117 cittapaDaM va vicittaM "gAthA 2105 2. koseNa kosiyAruvvagAthA 616 3. kasiyabhigAro"gAyA 579 4. gaMgha mallaM ca ghuva vAsaM vaa| saMvAhaNa parimaddaNa"gAthA 14 "gaMdheNa maTiyA" gAthA 342 pAhANadhAtu aMjaNapuDhavitayAchallivalli mUlehiM / mahakesavAsa taMbolagaMdhamallehi dhvehiM / .."gosIsaM caMdaNaM ca gaMdhesU "gAthA 1866 5. bahararayaNesu...vekaliyaM va maNIrNa gAthA 1866 "ciMtAmaNi''gAthA 1465 6-7. rasapIdayaM va kaDayaM mahavA kabaDavakaDaM jahA kaDayaM / ahavA jadupUridayaM 'gAthA 583 8. de gAthA saM0 1566 (lohapaDimA). "gAthA saM0 2008-(pavarisINapaDimA) 6. de0 gAthA 1336 10-11-12 de0 kAgANi lAbhe kArSApaNaM vAJchati "gAthA saM0 1127 kI vijayodayA TIkA, pR0 1136.""kAgaNIe vikkei maNi bahukoDisayamollaM / gAthA saM0 1221 jaina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti
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________________ (1) dravyakIta arthAt jisameM sacitta go-vanIya Adi tathA bacata ta gur3a-khANDAdika dekara badale meM vastuoM kA kraya kiyA jAtA thA / (2) bhAvabhIta vinimaya kA dUsarA mAdhyama bhAvakrIta kahalAtA thA, jisameM vidyA, mantra Adi sikhAkara athavA vidyA, mantra-tantra Adi ke dvArA kisI ko kaSTamukta kara usake badale meM usase koI icchita vastu prApta kI jAtI thii|" mApa-taula ke sAdhana mApa-taula ke pramANasvarUpa granthakAra ne aMjalI, ' ADhaka, pala' evaM prastha kA ullekha kiyA hai| mUlArAdhanA ke TIkAkAra paM0 AzAdhara ne 1 prastha ko 16 pala ke barAbara tathA 1 ADhaka ko 64 pala ke barAbara' mAnA hai / suprasiddha vaiyyAkaraNa pANini' ke anusAra 4 tole kA 1 pala, 4 pala kI 1 aMjalI (kauTilya ke anusAra 12|| tole kI ) tathA caraka ke anusAra 3 sera kA 1 ADhaka (kauTilya ke anusAra 2|| sera kA ) tathA pANini ke anusAra 50 tolA kA 1 prastha / pANini ne isakA aparanAma kulija bhI kahA hai / uparyukta prastha evaM ADhaka bundelakhaNDa ke grAmoM meM pracalita vartamAna polI evaM aDhaiyA se pUrA mela khAte haiM / zrama-mUlya nirdhAraNa zrama kA mUlya zrama athavA zramika kI yogyatAnusAra nakada dravya yA badale meM Avazyaka vastue~ dekara A~kA jAtA thA / nakada dravya lekara zrama becane vAle zramikoM ko bhUtaka athavA karmakara kI saMjJA prApta thI / " RNa evaM RNI kI sthiti varttamAna yuga meM RNa kA lena-dena mAnava sabhyatA evaM Arthika vikAsa kA pratIka mAnA gayA hai, kintu prAcIna kAla kA dRSTikoNa isase bhinna pratIta hotA hai / ataH usa samaya sAmAnyatayA rAjya kI ora se na to RNa dene kI vyavasthA kA hI ullekha milatA hai aura na usa samaya RNa lenA acchA hI mAnA jAtA thA / pANini ne RNa lene vAle ko adhamarNa" adhama RNa athavA ( AdhA marA huA) tathA RNa dene vAle seTha sAhUkAra ko kutsitArthaka kusIdika" arthAt sUdakhora kahA gayA hai / mUlArAdhanA kAla meM jayaraseTThI (nagaraseTha yA sAhUkAra) hI vastutaH usa samaya ke baiMkoM kA kArya karate the| Aja kI bhASA meM ise Indeginous Bank-System kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra ke nagaraseTha yA sAhUkAra ko mUlArAdhanA meM paNida" ( arthAt panada yA uttamarNa) kahA gayA hai aura RNa lene vAle ko dhAraNI" yA dhAraka (Bearer ) kahA gayA hai / yahA~ yaha tathya dhyAtavya hai ki zivArya ne karjadAra ko adhamarNa nahIM mAnA hai, use dhAraNI yA dhAraka kahA hai / isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki IsvI san ke prArambhika varSoM meM karjadAra athavA sAhUkAra ko utanA kutsita nahIM mAnA jAtA thA, jitanA pANini-yuga meM / vastutaH zivArya kA yuga Arthika vikAsa kA yuga thA / isa prakAra ke yuga meM karja kA lena-dena Avazyaka jaisA mAnA jAne lagatA hai / mUlArAdhanA meM eka prasaMga meM batAyA gayA hai ki aparAdhI vyakti yadi kArAgAra meM banda rahate hue bhI kisI ghaNida se RNa kI yAcanA karatA thA to use kucha zartoM para nizcita avadhi taka ke lie RNa mila sakatA thA aura usa dravya se vaha kArAmukta ho sakatA thA / " nizcita avadhi samApta hote hI ghaNida dhAraNI se byAja sahita apanA RNa vasUla kara letA thaa|" yadi vaha vApisa nahIM lauTAtA thA to ghaNida ko yaha adhikAra rahatA thA ki vaha use punaH kArAgAra meM banda karA de / " mUlArAdhanA meM byAja kI daroM Adi ke saMketa nahIM milte| 1. de0 gAthA saM0 230 kI vijayodayA TIkA, pu0 443 - sacittaM go-valIvardakaM datvA pracitaM ghRtaguDakhaMDAdikaM datvA krItaM dravyakrItaM / vidyAmantrAdidAnena vA krItaM bhAvakItam / 2. de0 gAthA 230 kI mUlArAdhanAdarpaNa TIkA / * 3 se 8. de0 gAthA 1034 kI mUlArAdhanAdarpaNaTIkA, pR0 1076 - addhADhagaM dvAtriMzatyalamAtram, tathA gAthA 1035 kI mUlA0 TI0 pU0 1076 prasthaH SoDazapalAni ... 9. de0 pANini-paricaya (bhopAla, 1965) pR0 74-75. 10. de0 gAthA 1475 -- gahidaveyaNo bhicco mUlA0 TI0 - gahi daveyaNo gRhItaM vetanaM karmamUlyaM yena, bhadago mRtakaH karmakaraH / 11. de0 pANini-paricaya, pU0 78. 12. de0 pANini-paricaya, pR0 78 76. 13-14. de0 gAthA saM0 1425 - pugvaMsayabhuvabhutta kAle gAeNa tettiyaM davvaM / tathA 1626 - ko dhAraNImro dhaNiyassadito dvimo ho / prathama saMskaraNa meM 15-17. de0 gAthA saM0 patta samae ya puNo 60 - yaha gAthA punarukta hai| 1276 - dAUNa jahA dhatyaM rodhanamukko suhaM ghare basa / bhai taha caiva dhAraNimro / / AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ tavarfer Filfout (Chambers of Commerce and Markets) mUlArAdhanA meM vividha bhavana-prakAroM meM 'AgaMtukAgAra" kA ullekha bhI milatA hai| aparAjitasUri ne usakA artha AgantukAnAM vezma tathA paM0 AzAdhara ne 'sArthavAhAdi gRham" kiyA hai jo prasaMgAnukUla hone se ucita hI hai| isakA saMketa nahIM milatA ki ina sArthavAhagRhoM athavA vyApArika koThiyoM kI lambAI-caur3AI kyA hotI thI tathA sArthavAhoM se usake upayoga karane ke badale meM kyA zulka liyA jAtA thaa| kintu aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ye sArthavAha-gaha cAroM ora se surakSita avazya rahate hoMge tathA unameM sarvasuvidhAsampanna AvAsIya kakSoM ke sAtha-sAtha vyApArika sAmagriyoM ko alpa yA dIrghakAla taka surakSita rakhane ke lie bhaNDAragRha (Godowns) kI suvidhAe~ bhI prApta rahatI hoNgii| eka prakAra se ye sArthavAhagRha kraya-vikraya ke kendra to rahate hI hoMge, sAtha hI rAjya kI audyogika rIti-nIti ke nirdhAraka-kendra bhI mAne jAte rahe hoMge / pANini ne inheM 'bhANDAgAra' kahA hai| mArga-praNAlI malArAdhanA meM mArga-prakAroM meM jalamArga evaM sthalamArga ke ullekha bhI milate haiN| jalamArga se naukAoM dvArA videza-vyApAra hetu samudrI yAtrA kA ullekha milatA hai| isake aneka pramANa mila cuke haiM ki prAcIna bhAratIya sArthavAha dakSiNa-pUrva eziyA, madhya eziyA, uttara-pazcima eziyA, yorupa tathA vartamAna aphrikA ke Asa-pAsa ke dvIpa-samUhoM se suparicita the| prathama sadI ke grIka lekhaka plInI ne likhA hai ki "videza-vyApAra ke kAraNa bhArata ko bahuta lAbha hotA hai aura roma-sAmrAjya kA bahuta adhika dhana bhArata calA jAtA hai|"5 sthala mArgoM meM kisI dIrgha evaM vizAla rAjamArga kI carcA nahIM milatI hai, kintu kucha grAmINa, ATavika evaM parvatIya mArgoM ke ullekha avazya milate haiM jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM 1. RjuvIthi-sarala mArga / 2. gomUtrika-gomUtra ke samAna Ter3hA-mer3hA maarg| 3. pelaviya-bA~sa evaM kASTha-nirmita catuSkoNa peTI ke AkAra kA mArga / 4. zaMbUkAvarta-zaMkha ke Avarta ke AkAra kA mArga / 5. pataMgavIthikA-lakSya-sthala taka banA huA mArga / peze evaM pezevara jAtiyA~ vibhinna pezoM evaM pezevara jAtiyoM ke ullekhoM kI dRSTi se mUlArAdhanA kA vizeSa mahattva hai / grantha-lekhana-kAla taka bhArata meM kitane prakAra ke AjIvikA ke sAdhana the aura una sAdhanoM meM lage hue loga kisa nAma se pukAre jAte the, grantha se isakI acchI jAnakArI milatI hai| tatkAlIna sAmAjika dRSTi se bhI usakA vizeSa mahattva hai| mahAjanapada yuga vibhinna pezoM athavA zilpoM kA vikAsa-yuga mAnA gayA hai, jisakI spaSTa jhalaka mUlArAdhanA meM milatI hai| usameM 37 prakAra ke pezoM evaM pezevara jAtiyoM ke ullekha milate haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM :(1) gaMdhavva (gAndharva) (6) jaMta (tila, ikSupIlanayantra, yAntrika) (2) NaTTa (nartaka) (7) aggikambha (AtizabAja) jaTTa (hastipAla) (8) pharusa (zAMkhika, maNikAra Adi) (4) assa (azvapAla) (8) Nattika (kaulika, julAhA) (5) cakka (kumbhakAra) (10) rajaya (rajaka) 1. de0 gAthA saM0 231. 2-3. de. gAthA saM0 231 ko vijayodayA evaM mUlA. TI.,pR0 452. 4. de. gAthA 1673- "vANiyagA sAgarajalambhiNAvAhiM rayaNapugNAhiM / pattaNamAsaNNA vihU pamAdamar3hA vi vajjati / / / 5. de0 DaoN0 rAmajI upAdhyAya-bhAratIya saMskRti kA utthAna (ilAhAbAda, vi0 saM0 2018), pR0 212. 6. de0 gAthA 218- "ujjubIhi gomuttiyaM ca pelaviyaM / saMbUkAvaTapi ya padaMgavIdhIya" | pR0 433. jaina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti
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________________ (26) (11) pADahiya (paTahavAdaka) (24) kAMDika (12) Domba (Doma) (25) dANDika (13) NaDa (naTa) cAmika (14) cAraNa (27) chipaka (15) koTTaya (kuTTaka, lakar3I evaM patthara kI (28) bheSaka kATakUTa karane vAle) (29) paNDaka (16) karakaca (katara-vyoMta karane vAle) (30) sArthika (17) puSpakAra (mAlI) (31) sevaka (18) kallAla (nazIlI vastueM becane vAle) (32) prAvika (19) mallAha' (33) koTTapAla (20) kASThika (bar3haI) (34) bhaTa (21) lauhika (luhAra) (35) paNyanArojana (22) mAtsika (36) dyUtakAra, evaM (23) pAtrika (37) viTa bhaugolika sAmagrI kisI bhI deza ke nirmANa evaM vikAsa tathA sAmAjika, Arthika evaM rAjanaitika paristhitiyoM ke niyantraNa meM vahAM kI bhaugolika paristhitiyoM kA sakriya yogadAna rahatA hai / bhArata meM yadi himAlaya, gaMgA, sindhu, samudrItaTa evaM saghana vana Adi na hote, to usakI bhI vahI sthiti hotI jo adhikAMza aphrIkI dezoM kI hai / mUlArAdhanA yadyapi dharma-darzana evaM AcAra kA grantha hai, phira bhI usameM bhAratIya bhUgola ke tatkAlIna pracalita kucha ullekha upalabdha hote haiM, jinakA Adhunika bhaugolika siddhAntoM ke sandarbha meM vargIkaraNa evaM saMkSipta vizleSaNa yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : 1. prAkRtika bhUgola -isake antargata prakRti-pradatta pRthvI, parvata, nadiyAM, vanaspati, jalavAyu, havA Adi kA adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai / mUlArAdhanA meM parvatoM meM mudgala parvata, kollagiri evaM droNamati parvata' ke ullekha milate haiM / mahAbhArata ke anusAra kollagiri dakSiNa bhArata kA vaha parvata hai, jisase kAverI nadI kA udgama huA hai / droNamati parvata evaM mudgala parvata kI avasthiti kA patA nahIM calatA / mahAbhArata meM isa nAma ke kisI parvata kA ullekha nahIM huA hai / prAkRtAgamoM meM ullikhita eka mudagalagiri kI pahicAna Adhunika maMgera (bihAra) se kI gaI hai| ___nadiyoM meM gagA evaM yamunA ke nAmollekha milate haiM / yamunA ko NaipUra kahA gayA hai, jisakA artha TIkAkAroM ne yamunA nadI kiyA hai / vidita hotA hai ki granthakAra ke samaya se TIkAkAra ke samaya taka yamunA nadI meM anya nadiyoM kI apekSA adhika bAr3ha AtI rahatI thii| ata: usakA aparanAma 'Naipura' (bAr3ha vAlI nadI) ke nAma se prasiddha rahA hogaa| ___ anya sandarbho meM pRthivI ke bhedoM meM miTTI, pASANa, bAlU, namaka evaM abhraka Adi, jala ke bhedoM meM hima, osakaNa, hima vindu Adi, vAyu ke bhedoM meM jhaMjhAvAta (jalavRSTiyukta vAyu --Cyclonic winds) tathA mANDalika (vartulAkAra bhramaNa karatI huI) 1. de0 gAthA 633-34.--gaMdhavaNaTTajaTTarasacakka jaMtaggikammapharaseya / Nattiya rajayApADahiDovaNaDarAyamagga ya / / / cAraNa koTTagakallAla karakace pupphadaya" / 2. de0 mUlArAdhanA kI amitagati saM0 TI0 zloka saM0656-657 / pu0 saM0 834-35 tathA gAthA saM0 1774. 3. gAthA saM0 1450...moggalagiri... 4. gAthA saM0 1552...doNimaMta... 5. gAthA saM0 2073...kollagiri... 6. mahAbhArata-sabhAparva 31/68. 7. bhArata ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha (DaoN. je. sI. jaina), vArANasI, 1952, pR0 26 8. gAthA-1543. 9. gAvA. 1545. 10. gAthA 608 kI vijayodayA TIkA, pu. 505-6. AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana anya
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________________ vAyu tathA vanaspati (Vegetation) ke bhedoM meM bIja, anantakAyika, pratyekakAyika, vallI, gulma, latA, tRNa, puSpa evaM phala bAdi ko liyA gayA hai jo vartamAna prAkRtika bhUgola ke bhI adhyayanIya viSaya hai| prAkRtika dRSTi se pradezoM kA vargIkaraNa kara unakA nAmakaraNa isa prakAra kiyA gayA haideza' - jalabahula pradeza | 1. anUpa 2. jAMgala deza' -- vana-parvata bahula evaM alpavRSTi vAlA pradeza 1 sAdhAraNa deza' ukta prathama do lakSaNoM ke atirikta sthiti vAlA pradeza / 3. rAjanaitika bhUgola - rAjanaitika bhUgola vaha kahalAtA hai, jisameM prazAsanika suvidhAoM kI dRSTi se dvIpoM, samudroM, dezoM, nagaroM-grAmoM Adi kI kRtrima sImAe~ nirdhArita kI jAtI haiN| isa dRSTi se mUlArAdhanA kA adhyayana karane se usameM nimna dezoM, nagaroM evaM grAmoM ke nAmollekha milate haiM dezoM meM barbara', cilAtaka' pArasIka', aMga, vaMga' evaM magadha' ke nAma milate haiM / jaina- paramparA ke anusAra ye deza karmabhUmiyoM ke antargata varNita haiM / granthakAra ne prathama tIna deza mlecchadezoM meM batAkara unheM saMskAravihIna deza kahA hai / " mahAbhArata meM bhI barbara ko eka prAcIna mlecchadeza tathA vahA~ ke nivAsiyoM ko barbara kahA gayA hai" / nakula ne apanI pazcimI digvijaya ke samaya unheM jItakara unase bheMTa vasUla kI thI" eka anya prasaMga ke anusAra vahA~ ke loga yudhiSThira ke rAjasUyayajJa meM bheMTa lekara Ae the| pratIta hotA hai ki yaha barbara deza hI Age calakara araba deza ke nAma se prasiddha ho gayA / uttarAdhyayana kI sukhabodhA TIkA ke mUladeva kathAnaka meM eka prasaMgAnusAra sArthavAha acala ne vyApArika sAmagriyoM ke sAtha pArasakula kI yAtrA jasa mArga dvArA kI tathA vahA~ se aneka prakAra kI vyApArika sAmagriyA~ lekara lauTA thA | pratIta hotA hai ki yahI pArasakUla mUlArAdhanA kA pArasIka deza hai| vartamAna meM isakI pahicAna IrAka-IrAna se kI jAtI hai kyoMki ye deza Aja bhI Percian Gulf ke deza ke nAma se prasiddha haiM / 1 cilAtaka deza kA ullekha barbara evaM pArasIka ke sAtha mleccha dezoM meM hone se ise bhI unake AsapAsa hI honA cAhie / ho sakatA hai ki vaha vartamAna citrAla ho, jo ki Ajakala pAkistAna kA aMga banA huA hai / aMga evaM magadha kI pahicAna vartamAnakAlIna bihAra tathA baMgadeza kI pahicAna vartamAnakAlIna baMgAla evaM baMgalAdeza se kI gaI hai| nagaroM meM pATaliputra 5, dakSiNa-mathurA ", mithilA, campAnagara " kosala athavA ayodhyA" evaM zrAvastI pramukha haiM / ye nagara prAcya bhAratIya vAGmaya meM atyanta mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiM / jaina, bauddha evaM vaidika kathA-sAhitya tathA tIrthaMkaroM tathA buddha, rAma evaM kRSNa-carita meM aura bhAratIya itihAsa kI pramukha ghaTanAoM kA koI-na-koI prabala pakSa ina nagaroM ke sAtha isa bhA~ti jur3A huA hai ki inakA ullekha kie binA ve apUrNa jaise hI pratIta hote haiN| anya sandarbhoM meM kula", grAma" evaM nagara ke ullekha Ae haiM / grAmoM meM 'ekarathyA grAma" kA sandarbha AyA hai / sambhavataH yaha aisA grAma hogA jo ki eka hI RjumArga ke kinAre-kinAre sIdhA lambA basA hogA / samAna svArtha evaM surakSA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara grAmoM, nagaroM athavA rAjyoM kA jo saMgha bana jAtA thA, vaha kula kahalAtA thA / 1-3. de0 gAthA 450 kI TIkA, pR0 saM0 677. 4-6. de0 gAthA saM0 1869 kI TIkA, pR0 saM0 1673-74, 10-11 vahI 12. mahAbhArata - sabhAparva, 32/17. 13. mahAbhArata - sabhAparva, 51 / 23. 14. 15. de0 gAthA saM0 44 kI TIkA, pR0 144, tathA gAthA saM0 2074. de0 gAthA saM0 60 kI TIkA, pR0 187. prAkRta prabodha - ( mUladeva kathAnaka ), caukhambhA, vArANasI / 16. 17. de0 gAthA saM0 752. 18. de0 gAthA saM0 759. 16. de0 gAthA saM0 2073. 20. de0 gAthA saM0 2075 kI TIkA, pR0 1067. 21-23. gAthA saM0 293. 24. gAthA 1128. - jaMna itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti 13
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________________ / mAnavIya bhUgola-isake antargata mAnava jAti ke kramika vikAsa kI carcA rahatI hai| mulArAdhanA meM 4 prakAra ke manuSyoM ke ullekha milate haiM: (1) karmabhUmija' arthAt ve manuSya, jo karmabhUmiyoM meM nivAsa karate haiM aura jahAM asi, maSi, kRSi, zilpa, sevA, vANijya Adi ke sAtha-sAtha pazu-pAlana evaM vyAvahArikatA Adi kAryoM se AjIvikA ke sAdhana mila sake / sAtha hI sAtha svarga-mokSa prApta karane ke sAdhana bhI mila sake / isa bhUmi ke manuSya apane-apane karmoM evaM saMskAroM ke anurUpa prAyaH suDaula evaM sundara hote haiN| 2. mUlArAdhanA ke TIkAkAra ke anusAra antarvIpaja manuSya ve haiM, jo kAlodadhi evaM lavaNodadhi samudroM ke bIca sthita 66 antarvIpoM meM se kahIM utpanna hote haiM / ye gUMge, eka paira vAle, pUMcha vAle, lambe kAnoM vAle evaM sIMgovAle hote haiN| kisI-kisI manuSya ke kAna to itane lambe hote haiM ki ve unheM or3ha sakate haiM / koI-koI manuSya hAthI evaM ghor3e ke samAna kAnoM vAle hote haiN| 3. bhogabhUmija manuSya madyAMga, tUyAMga Adi 10 prakAra ke kalpavRkSoM ke sahAre jIvana vyatIta karate haiM / 4. sammUrchima manuSya karmabhUmija manuSyoM ke zleSma, zukra, mala-mUtra Adi aMgadvAroM ke mala se utpanna hote hI mara jAte haiN| unakA zarIra aMgula ke asaMkhyAta bhAga pramANa batAyA gayA hai / ukta manuSya-prakAroM meM se antima tIna prakAra ke manuSyoM kA varNana vicitra hone evaM nRtattva-vidyA (Anthropology) se mela na baiThane ke kAraNa unheM paurANika-vidyA kI koTi meM rakhA jAtA hai / vaise antIpaja manuSyoM kA varNana bar3A hI rocaka hai| rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata evaM prAcIna lokakathAoM meM lambe kAnoM vAle manuSyoM kI kahAniyAM dekhane ko milatI haiM / inake ullekhoM kA koI na koI AdhAra avazya honA cAhie / merA vizvAsa hai ki isa prakAra kI mAnava jAtiyA~ yA to naSTa ho gaI haiM athavA ina kI khoja abhI taka ho nahIM pAI hai| mAnava-bhUgola (Human Geography) sambandhI granthoM ke avalokana se yaha vidita hotA hai ki anveSakoM ne abhI taka bAla, sira, nAka, zarIra ke raMga evaM lambAI-caur3AI ke AdhAra para mAnava-jAtiyoM kI khojakara unakA to vargIkaraNa evaM vizleSaNa kara liyA hai, kintu lambakarNa jaisI mAnava-jAtiyA~ ve nahIM khoja pAe haiN| ata: yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki yA to ve abhI agamya parvata-vanoM kI tarAiyoM meM kahIM chipI par3I haiM athavA naSTa ho cukI haiN| kalA evaM vijJAna-kalA kA upayoga lokaruci ke sAtha-sAtha kucha dhArmika, dArzanika evaM sAMskRtika paramparAoM ko vyakta karane hetu kiyA jAtA hai| pradarzanoM ke mAdhyama patthara, lakar3I, dIvAla, mandira, devamUrti, tAr3apatra evaM bhojapatra Adi rahe haiM / dhIre-dhIre inameM itanA adhika vikAsa huA ki inheM vAstu, sthApatya, zilpa, citra, saMgIta Adi kalAoM meM vibhakta kiyA gyaa| isa dRSTi se adhyayana karane para malArAdhanA meM vastukalA ke antargata gandharvazAlA, natyazAlA, hastizAlA, azvazAlA, tailapIlana, ikSa pIlana sambandhI yantrazAlA, cakrazAlA, agnikarmazAlA, zAMkhika evaM maNikArazAlA, kaulikazAlA, rajakazAlA, naTazAlA, atithizAlA, madyazAlA, devakala, udyAnagaha Adi sthApatya evaM zilpa ke antargata lohapaDimA pUvarisINapaDimA', kaTTakamma', citakamma, joNikasalesa". kaMsibhigAra Adi tathA saMgItakalA ke antargata pAMcAla-saMgIta ke nAmollekha milate haiN| - vijJAna-mUlArAdhanA yadyapi AcAra siddhAnta evaM adhyAtma kA grantha hai kintu yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki Atma-vidyA ke sAtha-sAtha bhautika vidyAoM kA bhI nirantara vikAsa hotA rahatA hai| balki yaha kahanA adhika upayukta hogA ki bhautika vidyAoM se hI Atma vidyA ke vikAsa kI preraNA milatI rahI hai / IsvI kI prathama sadI taka jainAcArya zivArya ko tatkAlIna bhautika vijJAnavikAsa kI kitanI jAnakArI thI, usakI kucha jhalaka prastuta grantha meM milatI hai, jisakA paricaya nimna prakAra hai: 1. gAthA 446 kI saM0 TI0, pR0653. 2-4. de0 gAthA 446 ko TIkA, pa0 652. 5. de. mAnava bhUgola-esa. DI. kauzika (meraTha 1973-74) / 6. gAthA 633-634-gaMdhavaNaTTajaTTassacakkajaMtagikamma pharuseya / NattiyarajayApADahiDovaNaDa....."| cAraNakoTTaga kllaalkrkc"......| 7.8, de0 gAthA 2008 tathA 1566. 6. de. gAthA 1056-rUvANi kaTThakammAdi .......... 10. de0 gAthA, 1336. 11. de0 gAthA. 337. 12. de0 gAthA 576. 13. de0 gAthA 1356. bhAcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana anya
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________________ 1 zivA ne jogisaleso' (bajralepaH), rasapIdaya' (rasarasitam) kavaka (tanusvarNapatrAcchAditam) jadupuriya (japUrNam) jaisI rAsAyanika prakriyAoM kI sUcanA dete hue svarNa rAcchAdita loka svarNAdita nauTa tathA kimizana kaMvala jadurAgavattha' svarNa ke sAtha jAlA kiyA Adi udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kie haiM evaM anya rAsAyanika prakriyAoM kI vidhi grantha meM nahIM batalAI gaI hai kintu itanA avazya hai ki jana sAmAnya ke lie unakI jAnakArI ho cukI thI / anya pramANoM se bhI yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki vajralepa kaI prakAra kA hotA thA tathA camar3e evaM patthara para usakA lepa kara dene se alpamUlya kI sAmagriyA~ bhI bahumUlya, sundara evaM TikAU bana jAtI thiiN| kahA jAtA hai ki priyadarzI samrATa azoka ke stambha valuI patthara" se nirmita the kintu vajralepa ke kAraNa hI logoM ne prArambha meM unheM phaulAdI mAna liyA thaa| barAvara (gayA, bihAra) kI pahAr3I guphAoM meM bhI azoka dvArA AjIvika parivrAjakoM evaM nirgranthoM ke lie nirmANita guphAoM meM vajrane hI kiyA gayA thA, jinake kAraNa ve Aja bhI zIze kI taraha camakatI haiM / AyurvijJAna - mUlArAdhanA meM AyurvijJAna-sambandhI pracura sAmagrA upalabdha hai| caraka evaM suzruta saMhitAoM ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue usakA vargIkaraNa nimna bhAgoM meM kiyA jA sakatA hai 1. 3. 4. 5. 7. 5. sUtrasthAna - jisameM granthakAra ne cikitsaka ke kartavya ko sUcanA dete hue kahA hai ki prArambha meM use rogI se tIna prazna ( tikkhuto, gA0 618) karanA cAhie ki tuma kyA khAte ho, kyA kAma karate ho aura tuma asvastha kaba se ho ? isake sAtha-sAtha isameM auSadhi ke upayoga" rogopacAra" bhojana vidhi" kA varNana rahatA hai| " " nidAna sthAna jisake antargata kuSTha" vimAna sthAna jisake antargata roganidAna zArIra sthAna - jisameM zarIra kA varNana " evaM " bAMsI" Adi rogoM ke ullekha milate haiN| Adi rahate haiN| zarIra tathA jIva kA sambandha" batAyA jAtA hai / indriya sthAna- jisameM indriyoM kA varNana, unake roga evaM mRtyu kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai" / cikitsA sthAna isameM zvAsa, kAsa, kuddhi (udarazUla), madirApAna evaM viSapAna ke prabhAva netraruSTa, maccha [asmaka vyAdhi] Adi ke varNana milate haiN| kalpa sthAna - jisameM recana mantroccAra Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / siddhi sthAna -- jisameM vastikarma ( enimA) Adi kA varNana hai| mAnava zarIra saMracanA ( Human Anatomy ) -mAnava zarIra saMracanA kA varNana granthakAra ne vistAra pUrvaka kiyA hai, jo saMkSa epa meM nimna prakAra hai - 1. 2. 3. 4. - mAnava zarIra meM 300 haDDiyAM haiM jo majjA nAmaka dhAtu se bharI huI haiN| unameM 300 jor3a lage hue haiM / makkhI ke paMkha ke samAna patalI tvacA se yadi yaha zarIra na DhaMkA hotA to durgandha se bhare isa zarIra ko kauna patA ? mAnava zarIra meM 800 snAyu, 700 zirAe~ evaM 500 mAMsapeziyAM haiM / ukta zirAoM ke 4 jAla, 16 kaMDarA evaM 6 mUla haiM / 1. de0 gAthA 337 kI saM0 TIkA, pR0 548 tathA gAthA 343. 2. de0 gAthA 608 kI saM0 TIkA, pR0 786. 37. vahI 11 - 15. 89. vahI 16-17 de0 gAthA 567 evaM usakI saM0 TI0, 10 776 10-11. de0 bhAratIya saMskRti (jJAnI) pR0 314. 12. de0 gAthA 360, 1052. 13. de0 gApA 688, 1223. 14. de0 gAthA 215. 15-16. de0 gAthA 1223. 17-18. de0 gAthA 1542. 16. de0 gAe 1053 - vAiyapi ttipasibhiyarogA tavhAcha hA samAdIyA / Nicca tavaMti dehaM mahidajalaM ra jaha praggI / / 20-21. 0 gAyA - 1027-80. jaina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti 65.
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________________ mAnava-zarIra meM 2 mAMsarajju haiM / 6. mAnava-zarIra meM 7 tvacAeM, 7 kAleyaka (mAMsakhaNDa) evaM 50 lAkha-karor3a roma haiM / pakvAzaya evaM AmAzaya meM 16 AMteM rahatI haiN| durgandhamala ke 7 Azaya haiN| manuSya-deha meM 3 sthUNA (vAta pitta zleSma), 107 marmasthAna aura 6 vaNamukha haiN| manuSya-deha meM vasAnAmaka dhAtu 3 aMjulI pramANa, pitta 6 aMjulI pramANa evaM zleSma bhI utanA hI rahatA hai| __ manuSya-deha meM mastaka apanI eka aMjulI pramANa hai| isI prakAra meda eva oja arthAt zukra ye donoM hI apanI 1-1 aMjulI pramANa haiN| mAnava-zarIra meM rudhira kA pramANa ADhaka, mUtra 1 ADhaka pramANa tathA uccAra-viSThA 6 prastha pramANa haiN|' mAnava-zarIra meM 20 nakha evaM 32 dAMta hote haiN| mAnava-zarIra ke samasta roma-randhroM se cikanA pasInA nikalatA rahatA hai| manuSya ke paira meM kAMTA ghusane se usameM sabase pahale cheda hotA hai phira usameM aMkura ke samAna mAMsa bar3hatA hai phira vaha kAMTA nAr3I taka ghusane se paira kA mAMsa vighaTane lagatA hai, jisase usameM aneka chidra ho jAte haiM aura paira nirupayogI ho jAtA hai| yaha zarIra rUpI jhoMpar3I haDDiyoM se banI hai| nasAjAlarUpI bakkala se unheM bAMdhA gayA hai, mAMsarUpI miTTI se use lIpA gayA hai aura raktAdi padArtha usameM bhare hue haiN|' mAtA ke udara meM vAta dvArA bhojana ko pacAyA jAkara jaba use rasabhAga evaM khalabhAga meM vibhakta kara diyA jAtA hai taba rasabhAga kA 1-1 bindu garbhastha bAlaka grahaNa karatA hai / jaba taka garbhastha bAlaka ke zarIra meM nAbhi utpanna nahIM hotI, taba taka vaha cAroM ora se mAtabhukta AhAra hI grahaNa karatA rahatA hai| 18. dAMtoM le cabAyA gayA kapha se gIlA hokara mizrita huA anna udara meM pitta ke mizraNa se kaDuA ho jAtA hai|" bhrUNa-vijJAna-(Embroyology)-bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika vidyA-siddhiyoM ke pramukha sAdhana-kendra isa mAnava-tana kA nirmANa kisa-kisa prakAra hotA hai ? garbha meM vaha kisa prakAra AtA hai tathA kisa prakAra usake zarIra kA kramika vikAsa hotA hai, usakI kramika-vikasita avasthAoM kA granthakAra ne spaSTa citraNa kiyA hai| yathA 1. kalalAvasthA-mAtA ke udara meM zukrANuoM ke praviSTa hone para 10 dinoM taka mAnava-tana gale hue tAMbe evaM rajata ke mizrita raMga ke samAna rahatA hai| 2. kaluSAvasthA-agale 10 dinoM meM vaha kRSNa varNa kA ho jAtA hai|' 3. sthirAvasthA-agale 10 dinoM meM vaha yathAvat sthira rahatA hai| bubbudabhUta-dUsare mahIne meM mAnava-tana kI sthiti eka babUle ke samAna ho jAtI hai / 11 ghanabhUta-tIsare mAsa meM vaha babalA kucha kar3A ho jAtA hai| mAMsapezIbhUta-cauthe mAsa meM usameM mAMsapeziyoM kA bananA prArambha ho jAtA hai| 7. pulakabhUta-pA~caveM mAsa meM ukta mAMsa-peziyoM meM pAMca pulaka arthAt 5 aMkura phUTa jAte haiM, jinameM se nIce ke do aMkuroM se do paira aura Upara ke 3 aMkura meM se bIca ke a'kura se mastaka tathA donoM bAjuoM meM se do hAthoM ke aMkura phUTate haiN|"chtthveN mAsa meM hAthoM-pairoM evaM mastaka kI racanA evaM vRddhi hone lagatI hai| 1. isa prakaraNa ke.lie dekhie gAthA saMkhyA 360,702,729-30,1027-35, 1466. 2. de0 gAthA 1035. 3. de0 gAthA 1042. 4. de0 gAthA 465. 5. 60 gAthA 1816. 6-7. de0 gAthA 1016. 8-10. de0 gAthA 1007. 11. de0 gAthA 1008. 12-15. de0 gAthA 1006. AcAryarala zrI vezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana pramya
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________________ sAtaveM mAsa meM usa mAnava-tana ke avayavoM para carma evaM roma kI utpatti hotI hai tathA hAtha-paira ke nakha utpanna ho jAte haiN| isI mAsa meM zarIra meM kamala ke DaNThala ke samAna dIrghanAla paidA ho jAtA hai, tabhI se yaha jIva mAtA kA khAyA huA AhAra usa dIrghanAla se grahaNa karane lagatA hai|' 6. AThaveM mAsa meM usa garbhastha mAnava-tana meM halana-calana kriyA hone lagatI hai|' nauveM athavA dasaveM mAsa meM vaha sarvAMga hokara janma le letA hai|' garbha-sthAna kI avasthiti-AmAzaya evaM pakvAzaya ina donoM ke bIca meM jAla ke samAna mAMsa evaM rakta se lapeTA huA vaha garbha mAsa taka rahatA hai / khAyA huA anna udarAgni se jisa sthAna meM thor3A-sA pacAyA jAtA hai, vaha sthAna AmAzaya aura jisa sthAna meM vaha pUrNatayA pacAyA jAtA hai vaha pakvAzaya kahalAtA hai / garbhasthAna ina donoM (AmAzaya evaM pakvAzaya) ke bIca meM rahatA hai| roga-upacAra evaM svastha rahane ke sAmAnya niyama- zarIra ke rogoM evaM upacAroM kI bhI granthakAra ne vistRta carcA kI hai| unameM se kucha nimna prakAra haiM 1. A~kha meM 66 prakAra ke roga hote haiN|' 2. malArAdhanA ke TIkAkAra paM0 AzAdhara ke anusAra zarIra meM kula milAkara 5,68,66,584 roga hote haiN|' vAta, pitta evaM kapha ke rogoM meM bhUkha, pyAsa evaM thakAna kA anubhava hotA hai tathA zarIra meM bhayaMkara dAha utpanna hotI hai| Ikha kuSTha roga ko naSTa karane vAlA sarvazreSTha rasAyana hai|' vAta-pitta-kapha se utpanna vedanA kI zAnti ke lie AvazyakatAnusAra vastikarma (enimA), USmakaraNa, tApa-svedana, Alepana, abhyaMgana evaM parimardana kriyAoM ke dvArA cikitsA karanI caahie|' godugdha, ajamatra evaM gorocana ye pavitra auSadhiyAM mAnI gaI haiN|" kAMjI pIne se madirAjanya unmAda naSTa ho jAtA hai| manuSya ko tela evaM kaSAyale dravyoM kA aneka bAra kullA karanA caahie| isase jIbha evaM kAnoM meM sAmarthya prApta hotA hai / arthAt kaSAyale dravya ke kulle karane se jIbha ke Upara kA mala nikala jAne se vaha svaccha ho jAne ke kAraNa spaSTa evaM madhura vANI bolane kI sAmarthya prApta karatI hai / manuSya ko anya pAnakoM kI apekSA AcAmla pAnaka adhika lAbhakara hotA hai, kyoMki usase kapha kA kSaya, pitta kA upazama evaM vAta kA rakSaNa hotA hai / 14 10. peTa kI mala-zuddhi ke lie mAMDa sarvazreSTha recaka hai 15 kAMjI se bhIge hue bilva-patrAdikoM se udara ko sekanA cAhie tathA seMdhA namaka Adi se saMsikta vartI gudA-dvAra meM DAlane se peTa sApha ho jAtA hai / 16 12. puruSa ke AhAra kA pramANa 32 grAsa evaM mahilA kA 28 grAsa hotA hai|" 11. 1-2. de0 gAthA. 1010, 1017. 3-1. ve0 gAthA 1010.. 5. de0 gAthA 1012. 6. de. gAthA 1054, 0. de0 gAthA 1054 kI mulArAdhanA se0TI0 8, 20 gAthA 1053. de0 gAthA 1223. 10. 0 gAthA 1466. 11. 60 gAthA 1052. 12. 0 gAthA 360. 13. degAthA 688. 14. da. gAthA 701. 15. da. gAyA 702. 16. de0 gAthA 703. 17. 2. gAthA 211. baina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti
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________________ 13. upavAsa ke bAda mita aura halkA AcAmla bhojana lenA caahie|' sAmAjika jIvana-mUlArAdhanA meM sAmAjika jIvana kA pUrNa citra to upalabdha nahIM hotA, kintu jo sAmagrI upalabdha hai, vaha bar3I rocaka hai / usakA paricaya nimna prakAra hai: nArI ke vividha rUpa-yaha Azcarya kA viSaya hai ki mUlArAdhanAkAra ne nArI ke prati apane anudAra vicAra vyakta kie haiN| usake prati vaha jitanA rUkSa ho sakatA thA, huA hai tathA paravartI AcAryoM ko bhI usane apanI inhIM bhAvanAoM se abhibhUta kiyA hai / isa anudAratA kA mUla kAraNa saiddhAntika hI thaa| isake calate jaina-saMgha ke eka pakSa ne jaba usake prati apanI kucha udAratA dikhAI to saMgha-bheda hI ho gyaa| merI dRSTi se isa anudAratA kA kAraNa saiddhAntika to thA hI, dUsarA kAraNa yaha bhI rahA hogA ki nizcita sImA taka gAhaMsthika sukha-bhoga ke bAda nArI evaM puruSa mana, vacana evaM kAya se pArasparika vyAmoha se dUra raheM / nArI svabhAvataH hI kSamAzIla, vaSTasahiSNu evaM gambhIra hotI hai / AcAryoM ne sambhavataH unake inhIM guNoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara tathA puruSoM kI unake prati sahaja AkarSaNa kI pravRtti se unheM virakta karane ke lie usake zArIrika evaM vaicArika doSoM ko prastuta kiyA hai / isakA artha yaha kadApi nahIM lenA cAhie ki nArI samAja ke prati svataH hI unake mana meM kisI prakAra kA vidveSa-bhAva thaa| mujhe aisA vizvAsa hai ki AcAryoM ke ukta vicAroM ko tatkAlIna samAja vizeSatayA nArI-samAja ne svIkAra kara liyA thA, anyathA usake prabala virodha ke sandarbha prApta hone cAhie the| mUlArAdhanA meM nAriyoM kI nindA lagabhaga 50 gAthAoM meM kI gaI hai| eka sthAna para kahA gayA hai-"jo vyakti striyoM para vizvAsa karatA hai, vaha bAgha, viSa, cora, Aga, jala-pravAha, madonmatta hAthI, kRSNasarpa aura zatru para apanA vizvAsa prakaTa karatA hai|" "kathaMcit vyAghrAdi para to vizvAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu striyoM para nhiiN|" "strI zoka kI nadI, vaira kI bhUmi, kopa kA samanvita rUpa, kapaToM kA samUha evaM akItti kA AdhAra hai|" "yaha dhananAza kI kAraNa, deha meM kSaya roga kI kAraNa evaM anarthoM kI nivAsa tathA dharmAcaraNa meM vighna aura mokSa mArga meM argalA ke samAna hai|"5 isa prasaMga meM kavi kI nArI sambandhI kucha paribhASAeM dekhie, ve kitanI maulika evaM saTIka haiM :vaha-vadhu-puruSa kA vividha prakAra kI mAnasika evaM zArIrika kriyAoM-prakriyAoM dvArA eka sAtha athavA kramika hrAsa, kSaya athavA vadha karane vAlI hone ke kAraNa vaha strI vadhu kahalAtI hai| (vadhamupanayati iti vadhu) strI-puruSa meM doSoM kA samudAya saMcita karane ke kAraNa strI strI kahalAtI hai|' nArI-manuSya ke lie na+ari=nArI ke samAna dUsarA zatra nahIM ho sakatA / ataH vaha nArI kahalAtI hai|' pramadA-manuSya ko vaha pramatta-unmatta banA detI hai, ata: pramadA kahalAtI hai| vilayA-puruSa ke gale meM anarthoM ko bA~dhatI rahatI hai, athavA puruSa meM lIna hokara vaha use lakSyacyuta kara detI hai, ataH vilayA kahalAtI hai| yuvatI evaM yoSA-puruSa ko dukhoM se yukta karatI rahatI hai, ataH vaha yuvatI evaM yoSA kahalAtI hai|" abalA-hRdaya meM dhairya dRr3ha na rahane ke kAraNa vaha abalA kahalAtI hai|" kumArI-kutsita maraNa ke upAya karate rahane ke kAraNa vaha kumArI kahalAtI hai|" mahilA-puruSa ke Upara doSAropaNa karate rahane ke kAraNa vaha mahilA kahalAtI hai|" daNDa-prathA-mauryakAlIna daNDa-prathA ke viSaya meM prApta jAnakArI ke Aloka meM zivAryakAlIna daNDa-prathA kA adhyayana kucha manoraMjaka tathya upasthita karatA hai| azoka pUrvakAlIna daNDa-prathA atyanta kaThora thii| aMgachedana, netrasphoTana evaM mAraNa kI sajA usa samaya sAmAnya thI, kintu samrATa azoka ne usameM paryApta sudhAra karake apanI daNDanIti udAra banA dI thii| avazya hI usane matyu-daNDa ko sarvathA kSamA nahIM kiyA thA, phira bhI paraloka sudhArane ke lie usane tIna dina kA atirikta jIvana-dAna svIkRta kara diyA thaa| kahalAtI hai| kAraNa vAtA hai|" 1. de0 gAthA 251 2-3. de0 gAthA 652-53. 4-5. de0 gAthA 983-85. 6-7. de0 gAthA 677. 8-6. de0 gAthA 678 10.14. de0 vAthA 679-82. AcAryaratna zrI vezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana patra
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________________ pratIta hotA hai ki zivAryakAla taka azoka kI ve paramparAeM kinhIM vizeSa rAjanaitika kAraNoM se sthira nahIM raha pAI thIM aura unameM rUkSatA evaM kaThoratA punaH A gaI thii| isakA anumAna mUlArAdhanA meM prApta ukta viSayaka sandarbhoM se lagAyA jA sakatA hai / daNDoM ke kucha prakAra nimnalikhita haiM : daNDana' - rAjA dvArA dhanApahAra ( Attachment of Property ) 2. muNDana - sAmAnya aparAdha para ziromuNDana / 3. tAr3ana' - ghUMsA, lAThI, beMta athavA cAbuka se piTavAnA / 4. bandhana ber3I, sA~kala, carmabandha athavA DorI se hAtha-paira athavA kamara baMdhavAkara kArAgAra meM DalavA denA / 5. chekacheda oSThacheda nakacheda evaM mastakacheda karAnA / 6. bhedana kAMToM kI caukI para liTA denA / 7. bhaMjana - - 11 15 8. apakarSaNa' - A~khoM evaM jIbha athavA donoM ko khiMcavA lenA / 6. bhojya padArtha - mUlArAdhanA meM vividha bhojya padArthoM ke nAmollekha bhI milate haiN| unakA vargIkaraNa, khAdya, svAya evaM avalehya rUpa tIna prakAra se kiyA gayA hai / aise padArthoM meM anAja se nirmita sAmagriyoM meM puA, bhAta, dAla evaM ghI, dahI, tela, gur3a, makkhana, namaka, madhu evaM patrazAka pramukha haiM / " dantabhaMjana, hAthI ke pairoM ke nIce kaMpA denaa| mAraNa' - gaDDhe meM pheMkakara Upara se miTTI bharavA denA, galA bA~dhakara vRkSazAkhA para laTakavA denA, agni, viSa, sarpa, krUra prANI Adi ke mAdhyama se aparAdhI ke prANa le lenA / pakAe hue bhojanoM ke pArasparika sammizraNa se unake jo sAMketika nAma pracalita the, ve isa prakAra haiM 1. saMsRSTA evaM kulmASa (kulasma) Adi se mizrita bhojana / 2. phaliha 12. -thAlI ke bIca meM bhAta rakhakara use cAroM ora se patte ke zAka se ghera denA / - 3. parikha thAlI ke madhya meM mAta Adi bhojyAnna rakhakara usake cAroM ora pakvAnna rakha denA / 4. puSpopahita - vyaJjanoM ke bIcoMbIca puSpoM kI AkRti ke samAna bhojyAnna kI racanA kara denA / 5. govahida " - jisameM moMTha Adi dhAnya kA mizraNa na ho, kintu jisameM bhAjI, caTanI vagairA padArtha milA die gae hoM / 6. levaDa" - hAtha meM cipakane vAlA anna / 7. alevaDa" hAtha meM nahIM cipakane vAlA anna / - 8. pAna " - sikthasahita athavA siktharahita bhojana / 9. mRtapUraka" ATe kI banAI huI puurii| pAnaka- prakAra - bhojya padArthoM ke atirikta peya padArthoM kI carcA mUlArAdhanA meM pRthak rUpa se kI gaI hai| unheM chaha prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai - 1-2 de0 gAthA 1562. 3. de0 gAthA 1563-64. 46. de0 gAthA 1515-66 - 1. satya uSNa jala 2. bahala - kAMjI, drAkSA, titaNIphala ( imalI ) kA rasa Adi / 3. levaDa - dadhi Adi / 4. alevaDa mauDa Adi / - 10. de0 gAthA 213-215 de0 gAyA 220 19. de0 gAyA 1006 20. de0 gAthA 700 jaina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti 66
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________________ 5. sasitya-cAvala ke kaNa sahita maur3a / 6. asittha-cAvala ke kaNa rahita mAMr3a / astra-zastra--- mUlArAdhanA meM astroM-zastroM ke ullekha bhI pracura mAtrA meM milate haiN| unheM 5 bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| (1) prahArAtmaka zastrAstroM meM-mugdara', bhuzuMDi', gadA, muzala, muSTi", yaSTi', loSTa', daNDa evaM ghana' ke nAmollekha milate haiN| isI prakAra chedaka zastrAstroM meM - zUla', zaMku", zara", asi", churikA", kunta5, tomara, cakra", parazu evaM zakti", aura bhedaka, karttaka evaM rakSaka meM kramazaH pASANapaTTiza, karakaca evaM kavaca' ke ullekha milate haiM / yantra-mUlArAdhanA meM tIna prakAra ke yantroM ke ullekha milate haiN| inheM dekhakara usa samaya ke vaijJAnika AviSkAroM kI sUcanA milatI hai| granthakAra ne unake nAma isa prakAra batalAe haiM 1. pIlana-yantra -jisameM perakara aparAdhI ko jAna se mAra DAlA jAtA thaa| 2 tilapolana yantra -tila kA tela nikAlane vAlA yantra / 3. icchupIlana yantra - ikSurasa nikAlane vAlA yantra / pratIta hotA hai ki prathama prakAra ke yantra para prazAsana kA niyantraNa rahatA hogA aura bhayaMkara aparAdhakarmI ko usa yantra ke mAdhyama se mRtyudaNDa diyA jAtA rahA hogA / anya do yantra sAmAnya the, jinheM AvazyakatAnusAra koI bhI apane ghara rakha sakatA thaa| loka-vizvAsa-samAja meM tantra, mantra evaM anya laukika vidyAe~ nirantara hI prabhAvaka rahI haiN| inake bala para tAntrikoM evaM mAntrikoM ne lokapriyatA prApta kara andhazraddhAlu varga para apanA prabhuttva sthApita kara liyA thaa| granthakAra ne unake kucha rocaka sandarbha prastuta kie haiM, jinameM se eka nimna prakAra hai-kSapaka sAdhu ke svargavAsa ke samaya usake hAtha-para evaM aMgUThA ke kucha aMza bAMdha denA athavA kATa denA caahie| yadi aisA na kiyA jAyagA to mataka zarIra meM krIr3A karane ke svabhAvavAlA koI bhUta-preta athavA pizAca praveza kara usa zava-zarIra ko lekara bhAga jAyagA / 5 Age batAyA gayA hai ki zivikA kI racanA kara bichAvana ke sAtha usa zava ko bA~dha denA caahie| usakA mAthA ghara athavA nagara kI ora honA cAhie, jisase yadi vaha uThakara bhAge bhI, to vaha ghara athavA nagara kI ora mur3akara na bhAga sake / 26 sAhityika dRSTi se-mUlArAdhanA kevala dhArmika AcAra kA hI grantha nahIM hai, sAhityika dRSTi se adhyayana karane para usameM vividha kAvyarUpa bhI upalabdha hote haiN| kAvyalekhana meM jisa bhAvukatA, pratibhA, manovaijJAnikatA tathA rAgAtmakatA kI AvazyakatA hai, vaha zivArya meM vidyamAna hai| upayukta vividha alaMkAroM ke prayogoM ke sAtha-sAtha bhAvAnugAminI bhASA evaM vaidarbhI zailI mUlArAdhanA kI pramukha vizeSatAe~ haiM / jo sAdhu bAhyADambaroM kA to pradarzana karatA hai, kintu apane antaraMga ko sApha nahIM rakhatA, dekhie, kavi ne upamA ke sahAre usakA kitanA mArmika varNana kiyA hai ghoDagaliMDasamANassa tassa abhaMtarammi kudhidassa / bAhirakaraNaM kise kAhidi bagaNihudakaraNassa // gA0 1347 arthAt jo sAdhu bAhyADambara to dhAraNa karatA hai, kintu apanA antaraMga zuddha nahIM rakhatA, vaha usa ghor3e kI lIda ke samAna hai, jo Upara se to sundara, suDaula evaM camakIlI dikhAI detI hai, kintu bhItara se baha atyanta durgandhapUrNa hai / aise sAdhu kA AcAra bagule ke samAna mithyA hotA hai| Atma-stuti ahaMkAra kI pratIka mAnI gaI hai / bhAratIya saMskRti meM usakI sadA se nindA kI jAtI rahI hai| zivArya ne aise vyakti kI SaMDha se upamA dete hue kahA hai Naya jAyaMti asaMtA guNA vikatthayaMtassa purisassa / ghaMsiha mahilAyaMto va paMDavo paMDavo ceva / / gAthA 362 / / 1-2. de0 gAthA 1571. 3. de. gAthA 1571 kI saM0 TI0 pu. 1437. 4-22. de0 gAthA 858, 1571, 1575-76, 1681 evaM saM. TIkAeM 23. de0 gAthA 1555. 24. 30 gAthA 633. 25. de0 gAthA 1976-76 evaM usakI saM0TI0. 26. de0 gAthA 1980-81. bhAcAryaratna bhI vezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ arthAt guNahIna vyakti yadi apanI stuti bhI kare to kyA vaha guNI bana jAtA hai ? yadi koI SaMDha-napuMsaka strI ke samAna hAva-bhAva karatA hai to kyA vaha strI bana jAtA hai ? dRSTAntAlaMkAra kI yojanA kavi ne eka kor3hI vyakti kA udAharaNa dekara kI hai| vaha kahatA hai ki jisa prakAra kor3hI vyakti agnitApa se bhI upazama ko prApta nahIM hotA, usI prakAra viSayAbhilASA bhogAsakti ko zAnta karane vAlI nahIM, balki bar3hAne vAlI hI hai jaha koDhillo aggi tappaMto va uvasamaM labhadi / taha bhoge bhuMjato khaNaM pi No ubasamaM labhadi // gA0 1251. zabdAvalI-mUlArAdhanA kI bhASA-zailI yadyapi saiddhAntika evaM dArzanika hai, usameM pAribhASika zabdAvaliyoM ke hI prayoga kie gae haiM / phira bhI loka bhASA ke zabda bhI pracura mAtrA meM vyavahRta hue haiM / inase tatkAlIna zabdoM kI prakRti evaM artha-vyaJjanA to spaSTa hotI hI hai, Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM ke udbhava evaM vikAsa tathA bhASAvaijJAnika adhyayana karane kI dRSTi se bhI unakA apanA vizeSa mahattva hai| kucha zabdAvalI aisI bhI hai, jisakA prayoga Aja bhI usI rUpa meM pracalita hai| yathA kuTTAkuTTI (gAthA 1571), thAlI (gAthA 1552), bila (gAthA 12), koI (gAthA 1830) cuNNAcuNNI (cUra-cUra, gAthA 1571), tatta (bundelI evaM paMjAbI tattA-garma, gAthA 1566), khAra (kSAra, gAthA 1569), goTTha (gAthA 1556), cAlanI (gAthA 1553), ukar3a (gAthA 224), vAluyamuTThI (gAthA 1756) / sUrya ke gamana kI sthiti ko dekhakara calane vAle aNusarI, paDisarI, uDusarI evaM tiriyasarI kahe jAte the| kar3I dhUpa ke samaya pUrva dizA se pazcima dizA kI ora calane vAlA aNasarI, pazcima dizA se pUrva dizA kI ora calane vAlA paDisUrI, dopahara ke samaya calane vAlA uDDasUrI evaM sUrya ko tirachA kara calane vAlA tiriyasUrI kahalAtA thA (de0 gAthA 222, pR0 427) / jaina kathA-sAhitya kA Adi srota-mUlArAdhanA jaina kathA sAhitya kA Adi srota mAnA jA sakatA hai| usameM lagabhaga 72 aise kathA-zIrSaka haiM, jo naitika athavA anaitika kArya karane ke phala kI abhivyakti hetu prastuta kie gae haiN| cUMki mUlArAdhanA eka siddhAMta grantha hai, kathA-grantha nahIM, ata: usameM kathA-zIrSaka dekara kucha nAyaka evaM nAyikAoM ke udAharaNa mAtra hI die jA sakate the, dIrghakathAe~ nhiiN| una zIrSakoM se yaha anumAna sahaja hI lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki ve kathAeM prAcIna kAla se hI calI A rahI thIM aura unhIM meM se zivArya ne AvazyakatAnusAra kucha zIrSaka grahaNa kie the| paravartI kathAkAra nizcaya hI zivArya se prarita rahe, jinhone Age calakara unhIM zIrSakoM ke AdhAra para bRhatkathAkoSa, ArAdhanAkathA-koSa puNyAzrava kathA koSa, Adi jaise aneka kathA-granthoM kA praNayana kiyA / mUlArAdhanA ke kucha kathA-zIrSaka nimna prakAra haiM 1. namaskAra mantra ke prabhAva se ajJAnI subhaga gvAlA marakara campAnagarI ke vRSabhadatta seTha kA putra banakara utpanna huaa| (gAthA 756) 2. yama nAma kA rAjA mAtra eka zloka khaNDa kA svAdhyAya kara mokSagAmI banA / (gAthA 772) alpakAlIna ahiMsA-pAlana ke prabhAva se ziMzumAra-sarovara meM prakSipta cANDAla marakara deva huaa| (gAthA 822) 4. gorasaMdIva muni 12 varSa taka kAyasundarI gaNikA ke sahavAsa meM rahA, kintu usake paira ke kaTe aMgUThe ko vaha nahIM dekha paayaa| (gAthA 615) 5. kAmI kddaarpiNg| (gAthA 635) 6. atyanta sundara pati rAjA devarati kA tyAga kara raktA rAnI gAna-vidyA meM nipUNa eka laMgar3e se prema karane lgii| (gAthA 646) 7. vezyAsakta seTha cArudatta / (gAthA 1082) 8. vezyAsakta muni zakaTa evaM kUpAra / (gAthA 1100) 6. madhuvindu darzana / (gAthA 1274) 10. pATaliputra kI sundarI gaNikA gndhrvdttaa| (gAthA 1356) 11. dvIpAyana muni kA kopa evaM dvArikA dahana / (gAthA 1374) 12. eNikA putra yati / (gAthA 1543) 13. muni bhadrabAhu kthaa| (gAthA 1544) 14. muni kaartikey| (gAthA 1546) jaina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti
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________________ 15. cilAtI putra-kathA / (gAthA 1553) 16. cANakya muni-kthaa| (gAthA 1556) anya sandarbha-mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa (gA0 642), vaidika sandarbho meM strI, gAya evaM brAhmaNoM kI avadhyatA (gA0 792), nimitta zAstra ke aMga, svarAdi 8 bheda (pR. 450), kAma kI dasa avasthAe~ (gAthA 882-65), aMgasaMskAra (gA0 63), kRSi-upakaraNa (gA0 794), mantra-tantra (gA0 761-62), AyAtita sAmagriyoM meM turUSka tela (gA0 1317), vividha niSadyAeM (gA0 1968-73), vividha vasatikAe~ evaM saMstara (gA. 633-646), kathAoM ke bheda (gA0 651 evaM 1440, 1608), aparAdhakarma (gA0 1562-63, 864-52) tathA striyoM ke vividha hAva-bhAva (gA0 1086-61) Adi pramukha haiN| isa prakAra mUlArAdhanA meM upalabdha sAMskRtika sandarbho kI carcA kI gii| kintu yaha sarvekSaNa samagra evaM sarvAGgINa nahIM hai, ye to mAtra usake kucha namUne haiM, kyoMki saMgoSThI ke sImita samaya meM isase adhika sAmagrI ke prastutIkaraNa evaM usake vizleSaNa kI sthiti nahIM A sktii| grantha ke vihaMgAvalokana mAtra se bhI maiM isa niSkarSa para pahuMcA hUM ki mUlArAdhanA nissandeha hI siddhAMta, AcAra, adhyAtma tathA manovaijJAnika, sAmAjika, sAMskRtika evaM aitihAsika sandarbha-sAmagriyoM kA koSa-grantha hai| uttara bhArata kI Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM ke udabhava evaM vikAsa tathA unake bhASAvaijJAnika adhyayana karane kI dRSTi se bhI mUlArAdhanA kA apanA mahattva hai| kintu durbhAgya yaha hai ki zodha-jagata meM vaha adyAvadhi upekSita hI banA rhaa| isa para to 3-4 zAdha-prabandha saralatA se taiyAra karAe jA sakate haiN|' bhAratIya saMskRti : loka maMgala kA svarUpa bhArata jaisI mizrita saMskRti, jisameM itane virodhI siddhAntoM ko sthAna milA, apane Arambha se hI bahuta sahanazIla prakRti kI thii| itanA hI nahIM, isa saMskRti kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki siddhAntoM ko svIkAra karane meM, (vizeSataH adhyAtma ke sambandha meM) yaha bahuta hI tarkapUrNa rahI hai| dUsare kI sthiti yA usake dRSTikoNa ke sambandha meM samAdara kI bhAvanA eka bhAratIya ke lie vahata hI svAbhAvika hai| bhAratIya mastiSka ke pratIka bhAratIya sAhitya ke atirikta bhAratIya saMskRti ne apanI prAMjala abhivyaMjanA ke rUpa meM mahat darzana aura mahatI kalA ko sapanAyA, aura ina sabhI meM bhAratetara mAnavatA ke lie bhI sandeza hai| bhArata ne udAsIna bhAva se AkramaNakAriyoM kA svAgata kiyA, aura unheM jo kucha denA thA bhArata ne liyA, aura unameM se bahutoM ko to bhArata AtmasAt karane meM bhI saphala huaa| usane bAhya jagat ko bhI, kevala kalA, vidyA, aura vijJAna hI nahIM apitu adhyAtma kA bahumUlya upahAra, apanI prakRti, sAmAjika darzana, mAnavatA ke kaSToM kA hala, jIvana ke pIche chipe zAzvata satya kI prApti Adi apanI sarvottama bheMTa dii| brAhmaNa, bauddha aura jaina dharma ke Adarza siddhAntoM ne eka aise patha kA nirmANa kiyA jisa para cala kara bhArata ne atIta meM mAnavatA kI sevA kI, aura aba bhI kara rahA hai / bhArata ne islAma ke rahasyavAdI darzana evaM sUphI mata ko kucha tattva diye; aura java ye tattva pazcima kI islAmI bhUmi meM viziSTa rUpa dhAraNa kara cuke to phira puna: liye bhii| isake pAsa jo bhI vijJAna yA sAyaMsa thA, vizeSata: gaNita, rasAyanazAstra tathA cikitsAzAstra meM, isane pazcima ko diyA; aura aba isa kSetra meM bhI mAnavatA kI sAdhAraNa paitrika sampatti ko dhanavatI banAnA cAhatA hai| DaoN. sunitikumAra cATuA ke nibandha 'bhArata kI AntarjAtikatA' se sAbhAra neharU abhinaMdana-graMtha pR0 saM0 313 1. paMjAbI vizvavidyAlaya paTiyAlA (paMjAba) dvArA dinAMka 17-16 akTubara 1979 ko mAyojita akhila bhAratIya prAcya jana vidyA saMgoSThI meM prastata evaM prazaMsita zodha nibandha / AcAryaratna zrI vezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana anya