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________________ mUlAcAra meM varNita AcAra-niyama : zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya ke pariprekSya meM -DaoN. aruNapratApa siMha jainadharma meM AcAra pakSa para sarvAdhika bala diyA gayA hai| isake darzana, jJAna evaM cAritra, jinheM mokSa-mArga kahA gayA hai, kI tripuTI meM samyak-cAritra kA eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| samyaka-cAritra hI AcAra hai| jJAna evaM zraddhA jaba taka vyavahAra jagat kI kasauTI para khare nahIM utarate, apUrNa mAne gaye haiN| mUlAcAra jisameM mukhyataH AcAra-niyama varNita haiM, digambara paramparA kA sarvamAnya grantha mAnA jAtA hai, yadyapi yaha siddha karane ke lie paryApta pramANa hai ki yaha mUlarUpa se digambara paramparA kA grantha na hokara yApanIya paramparA kA rahA hogaa| yApanIya paramparA eka ora digambaroM ke samAna muni kI nagnatA para bala detI thIM, to dUsarI ora zvetAmbaroM ke anurUpa AgamoM ko evaM strI-mukti kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra karatI thiiN| mUlAcAra ke kartA ko bhI strI-mukti kI avadhAraNA aura sAtha hI zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya meM samAna rUpa se vizvAsa thaa| yApanIya zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya se paricita the| ataH zvetAmbara AgamoM kA unake sAhitya meM pratibimbita honA svAbhAvika hai| prastuta lekha meM yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki mUlAcAra meM zvetAmbara Agama granthoM kI sAmagrI kisa prakAra samAhita hai| sAtha hI AcAra-niyama ke sandarbha meM zvetAmbara avadhAraNAoM (concepts) se unakI sAmyatA evaM viSamatA kA bhI avalokana kiyA gayA hai| mUlAcAra 12 adhikAroM ( adhyAyoM) meM vibhakta hai| isakA prathama adhikAra mUlaguNAdhikAra hai| mUlaguNoM kA pAlana karanA pratyeka zramaNa kA prathama kartavya hai| zramaNajIvana kA tAtparya mUlataH pApakarmoM se virata rahanA hai -- isa sandarbha meM ina mUlaguNoM kA jo ki vratoM se sambandhita hai, vizeSa mahattva hai| mUlAcAra meM zramaNa ke 28 mUlaguNa batAye gaye haiM --5 mahAvrata, 5 samitiyoM kA samyaka-pAlana, 5 indriyoM kA saMyama, SaDAvazyaka, kezaluJcana, Acelakya, asnAna, kSitizayana, adantadhAvana aura sthiti bhojn| mUlAcAra ke samAna hI zvetAmbara granthoM meM bhI mUlaguNoM kI carcA hai| yahA~ inakI saMkhyA 27 hai| samavAyAMga meM jo sUcI prApta hai, vaha nimna hai -- pA~ca mahAvrata, pA~ca iMdriyoM kA saMyama, cAra kaSAyoM kA tyAga, kSamA, virAgatA, bhAvasatya -- karaNasatya evaM yogasatya, mana-vacana evaM kAyA kA nirodha, jJAna-darzana evaM cAritra se sampannatA, kaSTa sahiSNutA, maraNAnta kaSTa kA sahana krnaa| hama dekhate haiM ki donoM paramparAoM meM mUlaguNoM kA bhAva "saMyama" hI hai| yahA~ saMkhyA bheda kA koI mahattva nahIM hai -- antara kevala unakI bAhaya evaM Antarika zuddhatA ko lekara hai| jahA~ mUlAcAra AcaraNa ke bAhya niyamoM para bala detA hai, vahIM zvetAmbara grantha AcaraNa kI Antarika vizuddhatA pr| mUlaguNoM ke sambandha meM sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa antara nagnatA ko lekara hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ko, jo vastra ko mokSa-mArga meM bAdhA nahIM mAnatI, apane granthoM meM nagnatA ko mUlaguNoM ke antargata rakhane kA koI aucitya hI nahIM thaa| mUlAcAra usa paramparA kA pratinidhitva karatA hai jahA~ nirvastratA muni ke AcaraNa kA eka pramukha pakSa thA parantu yahA~ draSTavya hai ki mUlAcArakartA isa sambandha meM adhika kaThora rukha nahIM apnaataa| mUlAcAra aparigraha mahAvrata ke pAlana meM "sakkaccAgo" (zaktyA tyAgaH ) arthAt apanI zakti ke anusAra niyama ke pAlana kA upadeza detA hai| isake viparIta digambara paramparA meM nagnatA ko adhika mahattA pradAna kI gaI aura yaha kahA gayA ki tIrthaMkara bhI yadi vaha vastrarahita nahIM hai, mokSa nahIM prApta kara sktaa| spaSTataH mUlAcAra nirvastratA ko utanI adhika mahattA pradAna nahIM karatA jitanI ki digambara paramparA ke anya grantha karate haiN|
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________________ bRhatpratyAkhyAnasaMstarastvAdhikAra mUlAcAra kA dvitIya adhikAra hai| isa adhikAra meM mukhyataH saMlekhanA sambandhI carcA hai| isa adhikAra kI adhikAMza gAthAe~ AurapaccakkhANa ( AturapratyAkhyAna) evaM mahApaccakkhANa (mahApratyAkhyAnayaka) nAmaka zvetAmbara prakIrNakoM se lI gaI hai| ina gAyAoM meM bhASA evaM bhAva donoM dRSTiyoM se atyadhika samAnatA hai| inameM jo zAbdika antara parilakSita hotA hai, vaha adhikAMza rUpa se mahArASTrI aura zaurasenI prAkRta ke antara ke kAraNa hai| hama yahA~ kucha udAharaNoM dvArA isa tathya ko spaSTa kareMge--- (1) (2) (3) (4) mUlAcAra meM varNita AcAra-niyama: zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya ke pariprekSya meM savvaM pANAraMbha paccakkhAmi alIyadayaNaM ca / sayyaMbhadattAdANaM mehUNa parigyahaM deva / / savvaM pANAraMbha paccakkhAmI ya aliyavaraNaM ca / savvamadinnAdANaM abbaMbha pariggahaM ceva / / mahApratyAkhyAna, gAthA 33, pR. 167 - mUlAcAra 2/41 khamAmi savvajIvANaM savve jIvA khamaMtu me| millI meM savvabhUdesuveraM mAM Na kevi / / - khAmi savve jIve, savve jIvA khamaMtu meN| mittI me savvabhUesa, veraM majjhaM na keNai / / AturapratyAkhyAna, gAthA 8, pR.160 eo me sarasao appA NANadaMsaNalakkhaNo / sesA me bAhirA bhAvA savve saMjogalakkhaNA / - mUlAdhAra, 2/48 - mUlAdhAra, 2/43 ego me sAsao appA, nANadaMsaNasaMjuo / sesA me bAhiNabhAvA sacce saMjogalakkhaNA / / AturapratyAkhyAna, gAyA 29, pR. 163 saMjoyamUlaM jIveNa pattaM dukkhaparaMparaM / tumhA saMjoyasaMbaMdhaM savvaM tivikreNa bosare / / mUlAdhAra, 2/49 saMjogamUlA jIveNa pattA dukkhaparaMparA / tamhA saMjogasaMbaMdhaM savvaM tiviheNa bothire / / AturApratyAkhyAna, gAyA 30, pR. 162 isa dvitIya adhikAra kA namaskAra zloka bhI mahApratyAkhyAna se hI liyA gayA hai| donoM kI samAnatA darzanIya hai- savvadukkhappahINANaM siddhANaM arahado Namo sadale jiNapaNNataM paccakkhAmi ya pAvayaM mUlAdhAra, 2/37 61 /
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________________ DaoN. aruNapratApa siMha savvadukkhapahINANaM siddhANaM arahao namo / saddahe jiNapannataM paccakkhAmi ya pAvagaM / / mahApratyAkhyAna, gAthA 2, pR. 164 isa prakAra isa adhikAra kI aura bhI aneka gAthAe~ ina zvetAmbara prakIrNakoM se tulanIya haiN| -- mUlAcAra kI 2/39 mahApratyAkhyAna kI gAthA mUlAcAra kI 2/40 mahApratyAkhyAna kI gAthA mUlAcAra kI 2/44 mahApratyAkhyAna kI gAthA mUlAcAra kI 2/45 mahApratyAkhyAna kI gAthA mUlAcAra kI 2/46 mahApratyAkhyAna kI gAthA mUlAcAra kI 2/50 mahApratyAkhyAna kI gAthA mUlAcAra kI 2/51 mahApratyAkhyAna kI gAthA mUlAcAra kI 2/55 mahApratyAkhyAna kI gAthA mUlAcAra kI 2/56 mahApratyAkhyAna kI gAthA 22 se mUlAcAra kI 2 / 98 mahApratyAkhyAna kI gAthA 108 se tRtIya adhikAra, jo saMkSepapratyAkhyAnasaMstarastvadhikAra ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai, kI bhI adhikAMza gAthAe~ mahApratyAkhyAna prakIrNaka se lI gaI haiN| isakA prArambhika zloka jo ki jinavandanA hai, mahApratyAkhyAna se tulanIya hai / savvaM pANAraMbha paccakkhAmi alIyavayaNaM ca savvamadattAdANaM mehUNapariggataM deva esa karemi paNAmaM jiNavasahassa vaDThamANassa sesANaM ca jiNANaM sagaNagaNadharANaM ca savvesiM 5 se 10 se - 3 se 4 se 11 se 12 se 18 se 8 se - esa karemi paNAmaM titvavarANaM aNuttaragaINaM / savvesi ca jiNANaM siddhANaM saMjayANaM ca // savvaM pANAraMbha paccakkhAmI ya aliyavayaNaM ca / savvamadinnAdANaM abbaMbha pariggahaM deva / / mUlAdhAra, 3/108 109 * mahApratyAkhyAna, gAthA saM. kramaza: 1,33 isI prakAra isa adhikAra kI kucha aura gAthAe~ anya zvetAmbara prakIrNakoM se tulanIya haiN| Nitva bhavaM maraNasamaM jammaNasamayaM Na vijjade dukkheN| jammaNamaraNAdaMka hiMdi mamattiM sriiraado|| - mUlAdhAra, 3/119 natthi bhayaM maraNasamaM, jammaNasarisaM na vijjae dukkhaM / jammaNa maraNAyaMka chiMda mamattaM sarIrAo / / saMvAraNa prakIrNaka gAthA, 2448, pU. 289 62 /
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________________ mulAcAra meM varNita AcAra-niyama : zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya ke pariprekSya meM mUlAcAra egaM paMDiyamaraNaM chidai, jAIsayANi bhugaanni| taM maraNaM maridabvaM, jeNa madaM summadaM hodi|| - mUlAcAra, 3/117 ekkaM paMDiyamaraNaM viMdA, jAIsayANi bhuyaanni| taM maraNaM mariyavvaM jeNa mao mukkao hoi|| - maraNavibhakti prakIrNaka, gAthA, 994, pR. 121 uparyukta dvitIya evaM tRtIya adhikAroM se ughRta kucha thor3e se udAharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki kisI eka ne kisI dUsare se grahaNa kiyA hai| sandarbha yaha spaSTa karate haiM ki mUlAcArakartA ne hI ina zvetAmbara prakIrNakoM se upayogI gAthAoM ko lekara apane grantha kA nirmANa kiyA hai| prathama to yaha hai ki ina prakIrNakoM kI bhASA mUlAcAra se prAcIna hai| isakA spaSTIkaraNa hama tRtIya zatAbdI IsA pUrva ke azoka evaM dvitIya zatAbdI IsA pUrva ke khAravela ke lekhoM se kara sakate haiN| donoM meM "Na" kI jagaha "na" kA hI adhika pracalana hai| mUlAcArakartA "Na" kA hI adhika prayoga karatA hai| dUsare mUlAcAra meM spaSTataH ina prakIrNakoM kA nAmollekha huA hai| jisase inakI prAcInatA svayaM siddha ho jAtI hai| caturtha adhikAra samAcAra adhikAra hai| isameM mukhyataH samAcArI kA ullekha hai| mUlAcAra meM nimna 10 samAcAriyoM kA ullekha hai jinakI samatA uttarAdhyayana se kI jA sakatI hai-- uttarAdhyayanasUtra icchAkAra AvazyakI mithyAkAra naSedhikI tathAkAra ApRcchanA AvazyakI pratipRcchalA naSedhikI chandanA ApRcchanA icchAkAra pratipRcchanA mithyAkAra chandanA tathAkAra nimantraNA abhyutthAna upasampadA upasampadA donoM paramparAoM meM krama ke atirikta isa sambandha meM koI mUlataH bheda nahIM hai| inakA mUla-srota eka hI pratIta hotA hai| isa samAcArI adhikAra meM sAdhviyoM ke niyamoM evaM kartavyoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| ina niyamoM se spaSTa hai ki mulAcAra kI paramparA meM sAdhvI saMgha eka mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka ke rUpa meM vidyamAna thaa| jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM kahA thA ki yApanIya paramparA bhikSu kI nirvastratA para bala dete hue bhI zvetAmbara paramparA ke samAna strI-mukti kI avadhAraNA aura sAdhviyoM ko eka vastra dhAraNa karane kI anumati detI thii| mUlAcAra bhI strI-mukti kI avadhAraNA kA samarthaka hai| isakA nimna zloka draSTavya hai-- evaM vidhANacariyaM caritaM je sAdhavo ya ajjaao| te jagapujjaM kitti suhaM ca labhrUNa sijjhti|| - mUlAcAra, 4/196 63
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________________ DaoN. aruNapratApa siMha digambara paramparA ke viparIta mUlAcAra kI yaha spaSTa avadhAraNA use yApanIya paramparA ke aura nikaTa lA detI hai| paMcAdhAra mulAcAra kA paMcama adhikAra hai| isameM kramazaH darzanAcAra, jJAnAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra aura vIryAcAra kA varNana hai| isa adhikAra kI adhikAMza gAthAe~ uttarAdhyayana se tulanIya hai| duvihA ya hoti jIvA saMsAratthA ya NivbudA yev| chaddhA saMsAratyA siddhagadA NivbudA jiivaa|| - mUlAcAra, 5/7 saMsAratthA ya siddhAya davihA jIvA viyaahiyaa| siddhAuNegavihA vuttA, taM me kittayao suNa / / - uttarAdhyayana, 36148 puDhavI yA bAlugA sakkarA, ya uvale silA ya loNe y| aya taba tauya sIsaya rupya suvaNNe ya vaire y|| - mUlAdhAra, 519 puDhavI ya sakkarA vAluyA ya uvale silA ya lonnse| aya tamba taya sIsaga rupya suvaNNe ya vaire y|| - uttarAdhyayana, 36173 isa prakAra mUlAcAra kI 5/10-12 taka kI tIna gAthA uttarAdhyayana kI 36veM adhyAya kI kramaza: 74, 75 evaM 76vIM gAthA se zabdazaH tulanIya hai tathA mUlAcAra kI 5/13-17 taka kI pA~ca gAthAe~ jIva samAsa nAmaka zvetAmbara grantha kI kramazaH 31vIM se 35vIM gAthA taka tulanIya hai| isa adhikAra kI 33vIM gAthA draSTavya hai, jisakI tulanA uttarAdhyayana ke 36veM adhyAya ke cauthe evaM dazaveM zloka ke pUrvArddha se kI jA sakatI hai| ajIvA viya duvihA svAsvA ya rUviNo cdudhaa| baMdhA ya khaMdhadesA baMdhapadezA aNU ya thaa|| - mUlAcAra, 5/33 ruviNo dhevaruvIya ajIvA davihA bhve|| - uttarAdhyayana, 3614 khaMdhA ya khaMdhadesA ya tappaesA taheva y|| - uttarAdhyayana, 36/10 isI prakAra udAharaNa svarUpa mUlAcAra kI eka anya gAthA bhI draSTavya hai, jisakI tulanA uttarAdhyayana ke do zlokoM ke prArambhika padoM se kI jA sakatI hai-~ AsADhe dupadA chAyA pussamAse cdussydaa| vaDDhade hIyade cAvi mAse mAse duaNgulaa|| - mUlAcAra, 5/75 64
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________________ mUlAdhAra meM varNita AcAra-niyama : zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya ke pariprekSya meM AsADhe mAse dupayA pose mAse cuppyaa|| - uttarAdhyayana, 26/13 vaDdae hAyae vAvI mAseNaM cauraM aMgulaM / / - uttarAdhyayana, 26/14 isa adhikAra kI 5/148, 149, evaM 150 gAthAe~ uttarAdhyayana ke kramazaH 30/7, 8, evaM 9 se tulanIya haiN| mAtrabhASA meM thor3A sA antara parilakSita hotA hai| kucha aura bhI udAharaNa draSTavya haiM -- mUlAcAra kI 5/155 gAthA uttarAdhyayana kI gAthA 30/26 se mUlAcAra kI 5/159 gAthA uttarAdhyayana kI gAthA 30/27 se mUlAcAra kI 5/160 gAthA uttarAdhyayana kI gAthA 30/28 se mUlAcAra kI 5/162-64 gAthA uttarAdhyayana kI gAthA 30/29-31 se mUlAcAra kI 5/176 evaM 85 gAthA uttarAdhyayana kI gAthA 30/32 se mUlAcAra kI 5/197 gAthA uttarAdhyayana kI gAthA 30/35 se ina gAthAoM meM bhASA evaM bhAva donoM dRSTiyoM se samAnatA hai| chaThA adhikAra piNDazuddhiadhikAra hai| isameM vizeSarUpa se AhAra-zuddhi kA varNana hai| AhAra ke prakAra, AhAra kI zuddhatA evaM azuddhatA kI jA~ca-zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM ke samAna hI varNita hai| udAharaNasvarUpa isameM bhikSAcaryA kI jo vidhi batAyI gaI hai, usameM bhikSA ke lie kina kramoM se gahoM meM praveza karanA cAhie isakA ullekha hai| yaha bAta uttarAdhyayana ke tapa nAmaka adhyAya meM hai| sAtavA~ SaDAvazyaka nAmaka adhikAra hai| Azcaryajanaka rUpa se isa adhikAra ke prArambha meM hI mUlAcArakartA yaha rahasyodghATana karatA hai ki yaha adhikAra Avazyakaniyukti ko dekhakara yathAkrama saMkSepa (jahAkama samAseNa) meM likhA gayA hai -- AvAsayaNijjuttI vocchAmi jahAkama smaasenn| AyariparamparAe jahAgadA aannupuvviie|| - mUlAcAra, 7/2 uparyukta gAthA ke pazcAt hameM mUlAcAra ke saMgraha grantha hone meM sandeha nahIM karanA caahie| cayanakartA kA yaha spaSTIkaraNa hameM sArI zaMkAoM se mukta kara detA hai| adhikAra ke anta meM vaha punaH kahatA hai -- NijjuttI NijjuttI esA kahidA mae smaasenn| aha vitthAra pasaMgo'Niyogado hodi nnaadbbo|| AvAsayaNijjuttI evaM kadhidA samAsao vihinnaa| jo uvajUMjadi NiccaM so siddhiM jAdi visuddhpyaa|| - mUlAcAra, 7/192-193 AThavA~ adhikAra dvAdazAnuprekSAdhikAra hai| isa adhikAra meM 12 anuprekSAoM kI carcA hai| inake svarUpa ke sambandha meM to donoM paramparAoM meM samAnatA hai| jahA~ taka merI jAnakArI hai, maraNavibhakti nAmaka prAcIna zvetAmbara grantha meM anuprekSAoM kA kramabaddha suvyavasthita varNana hai| inameM bhAva kI dRSTi se mujhe koI vizeSa bheda parilakSita nahIM hotaa| uttarAdhyayana Adi meM bhI saMsAra kI duHkhamayatA, kSaNikatA, azaraNatA Adi kA ullekha hai| 65
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________________ DaoN. aruNapratApa siMha anagArabhAvanA nAmaka 9 adhikAra meM muni jIvana ke svarUpa kI carcA hai| bhAva kI dRSTi se isa adhyayana kI adhikAMza sAmagrI prAcIna zvetAmbara granthoM meM dekhI jA sakatI hai phira bhI, maiM inake gAthA sAmya ko abhI spaSTa rUpa se khoja nahIM pAyA haiN| dasavA~ adhikAra samayasAraadhikAra ke nAma se prasiddha hai| isameM mukhya rUpa se muni AcAra kA varNana hai| isa adhikAra meM sthAna-sthAna para acelakatA kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| kevala isI rUpa meM yaha zvetAmbara paramparA se bhinna hai, anyathA, isa adhikAra kI bhI adhikAMza gAthAe~ zvetAmbara granthoM se lI gaI pratIta hotI hai jo mUlAcAra ke saMkalana grantha hone ke pramANa ko puSTa karatI haiN| isa adhikAra meM 10 zramaNakalpoM kI carcA hai| kalpa ( kappa) AcAra-vicAra ke niyama se sambandhita haiN| malAcAra meM varNita 10 kalpa nimna haiM-- Acelakya, audadezika, zayyAtara, rAjapiNDa, kRtikarma, vrata, jyeSTha, pratikramaNa, mAsa evaM pryussnn| zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI kucha krama sambandhI antara ke sAtha kalpoM kI yahI avadhAraNA svIkRta hai| digambara paramparA jahA~ Acelakya kA artha pUrNa nirvastratA se lagAtI hai, zvetAmbara paramparA usakA artha alpa vastra se lagAtI hai arthAt muni ko kama se kama vastra grahaNa karanA caahie| paryuSaNakalpa kI avadhAraNA meM bhI mUlAcAra ke TIkAkAra zvetAmbara paramparA se dUra haTate pratIta hote haiN| TIkAkAra ne paryuSaNakalpa se tAtparya paMca kalyANa sthAna se mAnA hai| jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra cAturmAsakAla meM eka sthAna para rahakara tapa, saMyama aura jJAna kI ArAdhanA karanA paryuSaNakalpa hai| cAturmAsa kAla meM isa kalpa (AcaraNa) kA vizeSa mahattva hai| isa adhikAra meM abrahamacarya ke 10 kAraNoM kA ullekha hai| ye 10 kAraNa nimna haiM -- vipulAhAra, kAyazodhana, gandhamAlA kA sevana, gIta, uccazayyA, strI-saMsarga, artha-saMgrahaNa, pUrvarati smaraNa, indriyoM ke viSayoM kA sevana, prnniitrvsevaa|| isakI tulanA uttarAdhyayana ke 16veM adhyAya brahmacaryasamAdhisthAna se kI jA sakatI hai jisameM abrahmacarya ke kAraNoM kA vistRta vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa adhikAra kI kaI gAthAe~ vizeSAvazyakabhASya se bhI milatI hai| isa adhikAra meM pApazramaNa12 kI kalpanA hai| isakI tulanA uttarAdhyayana ke 17veM adhyAya pApazramaNIya nAmaka adhyayana se kI jA sakatI hai| gyArahavA~ adhikAra zIlaguNAdhikAra hai| isameM 10 zramaNadharmoM kA ullekha hai| mUlarUpa se ina zramaNadharmoM kA ullekha samavAyAMga meM hai| bArahavA~ evaM antima adhikAra paryAptyAdhikAra hai isameM chaH paryAptiyoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| isa sambandha meM sAmAnya rUpa se zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparA meM koI bheda nahIM hai| isa adhikAra meM zalAkApuruSa (salAgapurisA) kI carcA hai| zalAkApuruSa kI kalpanA bAda meM vikasita huI hai, isa AdhAra para bhI mUlAcAra kI prAcInatA meM saMdeha utpanna hotA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki mUlAcAra meM zvetAmbara Agama granthoM se aneka bAteM lI gaI hai| yadi acelakatva aura zaurasenI prAkRta ke antara ko najara-andAja kara deM to yaha eka zvetAmbara grantha jaisA pratIta hotA hai phira bhI, hameM mUlAcAra ko yApanIya paramparA kA eka saMkalana grantha hone meM sandeha nahIM karanA cAhie kyoMki jahA~ kundakunda ke granthoM meM zvetAmbara Agama granthoM kA bilkula prabhAva yA ullekha nahIM hai, vahA~ isameM yaha prabhAva spaSTa dekhA jAtA hai|
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________________ mUlAcAra meM varNita AcAra-niyama : zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya ke pariprekSya meM isa sambandha meM anya bhI pramANa diye jA sakate haiM-- 1. mUlAcAra kI kucha gAthAe~ grantha meM do-do bAra AyIM haiM aura unameM zAbdika rUpa se koI parivartana nahIM hai| jaise -- pA~caveM adhikAra kI 54vIM evaM 62vIM gAthA dvitIya adhikAra kI 77vIM evaM tatIya adhikAra kI 117dI gAthA pA~caveM adhikAra kI 212vIM evaM dasaveM adhikAra kI 117vIM gAthA pA~caveM adhikAra kI 167vIM evaM sAtaveM adhikAra kI 87vIM gAthA isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vibhinna granthoM se chiTapuTa gAthAe~ nahIM balki gAthA samUha uThAkara eka sthAna para rakha diyA gayA hai| yaha isake saMkalana grantha hone kA akATya pramANa hai| yadi yaha kisI eka vyakti kI racanA hotI to gAthAoM kI yaha punarAvRtti sambhava nahIM thii| 2. mUlAcAra meM bhikSuoM ko kucha granthoM ko par3hane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| isameM "patteyabaddhikAthidaM13" kA ullekha hai| isase kisa grantha kA tAtparya hai TIkAkAra AcArya vasunandi spaSTa nahIM kara sakeM haiN| isa grantha se tAtparya spaSTa evaM nissaMkoca rUpa se uttarAdhyayana aura isibhAsiya (RSibhASita) nAmaka zvetAmbara prakIrNaka se liyA jAnA caahie| ye grantha nizcita rUpa se AcArAMga Adi kI taraha prAcIna haisa| RSibhASita meM 45 RSiyoM ke upadeza saMkalita hai aura pratyeka RSi ko pratyekabuddha mAnA gayA hai| isI prakAra uttarAdhyayana ke adhyAyoM ko bhI pratyekabuddha bhASita mAnA gayA hai| jaise-- nmipvvjjaa| 3. isI prakAra mUlAcAra meM asvAdhyAyakAla meM kucha granthoM ko par3hane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| ye grantha bhI vicAraNIya hai| gAthA isa prakAra hai -- "ArAhaNANijjuttI maraNAvibhattI ya sNghtthudio| padhyakkhANAvAsayadhammakahAo ya priso|| - mUlAdhAra, 5/82 . TIkAkAra ne isa gAthA kA saMdehAspada artha nikAlA hai| TIkAkAra ne ArAhaNANijjattI (ArAdhanAniyukti) ko eka meM kara diyA hai, jo ki galata hai| pratyeka grantha alaga-alaga hai| merI samajha se ArAdhanA se tAtparya bhagavatIArAdhanA evaM niyukti se tAtparya Avazyakaniyukti Adi se hai, jisakA mUlAcAra ke saMkalanakartA ne kaI bAra ullekha kiyA hai| maraNavibhattI (maraNavibhakti) eka prAcIna zvetAmbara prakIrNaka hai jisameM saMlekhanA sambandhI vivaraNa hai| saMgaha (saMgraha) se Azaya saMgrahaNIsUtra se ho sakatA hai| thudio (stutayaH ) se tAtparya devidatyao (devendrastavaH ) nAmaka prakIrNaka se ho sakatA hai| paccakkhANa (pratyAkhyAna) granthoM se do zvetAmbara pratyAkhyAna prakIrNakoM -- AturapratyAkhyAna evaM mahApratyAkhyAna se ho sakatA hai, jinakI aneka gAthAoM ko binA kucha parivartana kiye mUlAcArakartA ne apane grantha meM sthAna diyA hai| Aksaya (Avazyaka) se tAtparya Avazyakasatra se ho sakatA hai| dhammakahA (dharmakathA) se tAtparya jJAtAdharmakathA se hai| 4. dUsare adhikAra meM mUlAcAra caMdayavejjha4 kA ullekha karatA hai ki isase manuSya mokSa-mArga ko prApta hotA hai isakI bhI TIkA saMdehAspada hai| merI samajha se candayavejjha se tAtparya "candrakavedhyA" nAmaka zvetAmbara prakIrNaka se hai| isameM mukhyataH 7 bAteM varNita haiM jinakA pAlana karane para mokSa prApta honA batAyA gayA hai| ina sAta bAtoM meM AdhyAtmika guruoM ke prati sammAna, guru ke guNa, ziSya ke guNa, jJAna, sundara vyavahAra Adi kI carcA
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________________ DaoN. aruNapratApa siMha uparyukta zvetAmbara granthoM kA mUlAcAra meM ullikhita honA kucha Azcaryajanaka nhiiN| zvetAmbara Agama cUMki yApanIya paramparA ko mAnya the ataH unhoMne usakA bharapUra upayoga apane grantha ke lie kiyaa| kAlAntara meM TIkAkAra vasanandi ne ina sandarbho kI jo digambara paramparA mAnya TIkA karane kA prayAsa kiyA, vaha hAsyAspada sI ho gaI hai| 5. mUlAcAra kI strI-mukti kI avadhAraNA use yApanIya paramparA ke hone kA akATya pramANa prastuta karatI hai| sadyaH prakAzita zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa (jo yApanIya paramparA kA eka pramukha grantha hai) nAmaka grantha meM bhI strI-mukti kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| mUlAcAra ke anusAra bhI strI-mokSa ko prApta kara sakatI hai, parantu mUlAcAra kI isa avadhAraNA ke viparIta digambara paramparA yaha mAnatI thI ki strI-mukti prApta nahIM kara sktii| use mukti prApta karane ke lie punaH puruSa ke spa meM janma lenA anivArya hai| isI AdhAra para vaha 19veM tIrthakara mallInAtha ko (jo zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra strI hai) puruSa ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatI hai| hI kAraNa hai ki prasiddha digambara grantha sattapAiDa meM strI kI pravajyA kA hI niSedha kiyA gayA hai-- "itthIsu NA pAvayA bhaNiyA" / mUlAcAra isake viparIta, na kevala strI kI pravajyA kA hI vidhAna karatA hai, usake lie niyama banAtA hai, balki usako mukti prApta karane ke yogya bhI mAnatA hai| uparyukta sandarmoM se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki mulAcAra usa paramparA kA grantha nahIM hai, jisameM strI kI pravrajyA kA hI niSedha kiyA gayA ho| mUlAcAra kI avadhAraNAe~ digambara paramparA kI svIkRta avadhAraNoM se kAphI bhinna aura bemela dikhAyI detI hai| isake atirikta, mUlAcAra meM zvetAmbara paramparA ke granthoM kA adhika mAtrA meM ullekha honA yaha siddha karatA hai ki mUlAcAra kA kartA ina granthoM se bhijJa thA aura unheM svIkAra karane meM use saMkoca nahIM thaa| hama nissaMkoca rUpa se kaha sakate haiM ki mUlAcAra usa paramparA kA grantha hai, jisameM muni kI acelakatA kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai, sAtha hI jise strI-mukti kI avadhAraNA aura zvetAmbara Agama grantha bhI mAnya haiM aura aitihAsika sAkSyoM ke Aloka meM hama jAnate haiM ki vaha paramparA yApanIya paramparA thii| pravaktA, prAcIna itihAsa vibhAga, zrI bajaraMga mahAvidyAlaya, dAdaraAzrama, sikandarapura, baliyA (u.pra.)
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________________ mUlAcAra meM varNita AcAra-niyama : zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya ke pariprekSya meM sandarbha-grantha mUlAcAra (do bhAgoM meM) prakAzana -- mANikacandra digambara jainagrantha mAlA samiti, hIrAbAga, giragAva, bmbii| paMcaya mahavvayAiM samidIo paMca jinnvrudditttthaa| paMceviMdiyarohA chappi ya AvAsayA loco|| accelakamaNhANaM khidisayaNamadaMtadhasaNaM ceva ThidibhojaNeyabhattaM mUlaguNA aTTavIsA du|| - mUlAcAra, 1/2-3 samavAyAMga, samavAya, 27sUtra 178 3. jIvaNibaddhAbaddhA parigahA jIvasaMbhavA cev| tesiM sakkacyAgo iyaramhi ya nnimmo'sNgo|| - mUlAcAra, 1/9 4. suttApAhur3a, 23 5. paiNNayasuttAI, mahAvIra vidyAlaya, bambaI ArAhaNANijjuttI maraNavibhattI ya sNghtthudio| paccakkhANAvAsayadhammakAhAo ya eriso|| - mUlAcAra, 5/82 vahI, 4/125 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 26/2-4 mUlAcAra, 10/18 10. vahI, bhAga 2, pR. 105 11. vahI, 10/105 12. vahI, 10/68-73 13. vahI, 5/80 14. vahI, 2/85 15. dekheM-- prakIrNaka-candayavejjha, 16. zAkaTAyanavyAkaraNam, - bhAratIya jJAnapITha, prakAzana, pariziSTa, pU 121-127