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________________ mUlAcAra : eka vivecana mUlAcAra kA mahattva kyoMki abhI taka zvetAmbara paramparA kA koI bhI grantha zaurasenI prAkRta mUlAcAra ko vartamAna meM digambara jaina paramparA meM Agama sthAnIya meM likhA gayA ho, yaha jJAta nahIM hotaa| yaha satya hai ki zaurasenI grantha ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA jAtA hai| yaha grantha mukhyata: acela paramparA prAkRta meM lekhana kArya mukhyata: acela paramparA meM hI huA hai| ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke AcAra se sambandhita hai| yaha bhI nirvivAda satya kintu isameM kucha aise bhI tathya haiM, jinake AdhAra para yaha bhI hai ki digambara paramparA meM isa grantha kA utanA hI mahattva hai jitanA nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki yaha digambara paramparA kA grantha hai| sarvaprathama ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM AcArAMga kaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki dhavalA aura to isameM AryikA ko zramaNa ke samakakSa mAnakara usakI mukti kA jayadhavalA (dasavIM zatAbdI) meM isakI gAthAoM ko AcArAMga kI gAthA jo vidhAna kiyA gayA hai vaha ise digambara grantha mAnane meM bAdhA utpanna kahakara uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki digambara paramparA meM karatA hai| digambara paramparA ke bahuzruta vidvAn paM0 nAthUrAma premI ne jaba AcArAMga ko lupta mAna liyA gayA, to usake sthAna para mUlAcAra aneka tarkoM ke AdhAra para kahA hai ki yaha digambara paramparA kA grantha ko hI AcArAMga ke rUpa meM dekhA jAne lgaa| vastuta: AcArAMga ke nahIM hai| ata: yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se utpanna hotA hai ki yadi prAcInatama aMza prathama zrutaskandha meM acelatA kA pratipAdana hote hue mUlAcAra zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM meM se kisI paramparA kA grantha bhI muni ke vastra-grahaNa sambandhI kucha ullekha, phira cAhe ve ApavAdika nahIM hai to phira kisa paramparA kA grantha hai? yaha spaSTata: satya hai ki sthiti ke kyoM na ho, pAye hI jAte haiN| yahI kAraNa thA ki acelakatva yaha grantha acelakatA Adi ke sambandha meM digambara paramparA ke nikaTa para atyadhika bala dene vAlI yApanIya evaM digambara paramparA use apane hai kintu strI-dIkSA, strI-mukti, AgamoM kA mAnya karane Adi kucha sampradAya meM mAnya na rakha sakI aura usake sthAna para mUlAcAra ko bAtoM meM zvetAmbara paramparA se bhI samAnatA rakhatA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hI apanI paramparA kA muni AcAra sambandhI grantha mAna liyaa| siddha hotA hai ki yaha grantha eka aisI paramparA kA grantha hai jo kucha rUpa meM zvetAmbaroM aura kucha rUpa meM digambaroM se samAnatA rakhatI thii| mUlAcAra ke AdhAra prantha DaoN0 upAdhye, paM0 nAthUrAma premI ke lekhoM evaM prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhIya ___ AryikA jJAnamatI jI ne bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzita mUlAcAra tathA sAhityika sAkSyoM ke adhyayana se aba yaha spaSTa ho gayA hai ki kI bhUmikA meM yaha likhA hai ki AcArAMga ke AdhAra para caudaha sau zvetAmbara aura digambaroM ke bIca eka yojaka setu kA kAma karane vAlI gAthAoM meM granthakartA ne isa grantha kI racanA kI; kintu hameM yaha smaraNa ___yApanIya' nAma kI eka tIsarI paramparA bhI thii| hama pUrva meM yaha spaSTa rakhanA cAhie ki yaha grantha AcArAMga aura vizeSa rUpa se usake prAcInatama kara cuke haiM ki yApanIya paramparA jahA~ acelakatva para bala dene ke aMza prathama zrutaskandha ke AdhAra para to bilkula hI nahIM likhA gayA kAraNa digambara paramparA ke nikaTa thI, vahIM strImukti, kevalIbhukti aura hai| jina granthoM ke AdhAra para mUlAcAra kI racanA huI hai ve zvetAmbara AgamoM kI upasthiti, ApavAdika rUpa meM vastra evaM pAtra vyavahAra Adi paramparA ke mAnya bRhadpratyAkhyAna, AturapratyAkhyAna, Avazyakaniyukti, se zvetAmbara paramparA ke nikaTa thii| mUlAcAra kI racanA isI paramparA jIvasamAsa Adi haiM jinakI saikar3oM gAthAe~ zaurasenI rUpAntaraNa ke meM huI hai| Aie isa sambandha meM kucha adhika vistAra se carcA kareMsAtha isameM gRhIta kI gaI haiN| vastuta: mUlAcAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya niyuktiyoM evaM prakIrNakoM kI viSayavastu evaM sAmAgrI se mUlAcAra : yApanIya paramparA kA grantha nirmita hai| bahuzruta digambara vidvAn paM0 nAthUrAma jI 'premI' ne ise yApanIya paramparA kA grantha mAnA hai, isa sambandha meM ve likhate haiM - mUlAcAra kI paramparA "mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki yaha grantha kundakunda kA to nahIM hI yadyapi hameM spaSTa rUpa se isa tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie hai, unakI vicAra paramparA kA bhI nahIM hai, balki yaha usa paramparA kA ki yaha grantha zvetAmbara paramparA kA grantha nahIM mAnA jAnA cAhie kyoMki jAna par3atA hai jisameM zivArya aura aparAjita hue haiN| kucha bArIkI isameM muni ke acelakatva para jitanA adhika bala diyA gayA hai utanA se adhyayana karane se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai"zvetAmbara paramparA ke AcArAMga ko chor3akara kisI bhI AcAraparaka grantha 1. mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI pacAsoM gAthAe~ eka sI aura meM nahIM miltaa| ise zvetAmbara paramparA kA grantha mAnane meM dUsarI kaThinAI samAna abhiprAya prakaTa karane vAlI haiN| yaha hai ki isakI bhASA na to ardhamAgadhI hai aura na mahArASTrI prAkRta 2. mUlAcAra kI 'Acelakkuddesiya' Adi 909vIM gAthA bhagavatI hI; vastuta: isameM ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI prAkRta meM racita zvetAmbara ArAdhanA kI 421vIM gAthA hai| isameM dasa kalpoM ke nAma haiN| Agama granthoM kI saikar3oM gAthAe~ zaurasenI rUpAntaraNa meM milatI haiN| jItakalpabhASya kI 1972vIM gAthA bhI yahI hai| zvetAmbara sampradAya kintu isa AdhAra para ise zvetAmbara paramparA kA grantha nahIM kaha sakate ke anya TIkAgranthoM aura niyuktiyoM meM bhI yaha hai| prameyakamalamArtaNDa
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________________ 92 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 ke 'strImuktivicAra' meM prabhAcandra ne dasa kalpoM kI mAnyatA kA 184vIM gAthA meM kahA hai ki AryikAoM kA gaNadhara gambhIra durdharSa, ullekha zvetAmbara siddhAnta ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| alpakautUhala, cirapravajita aura gRhItArtha honA caahie| isase jAna 3. mUlAcAra kI 'sejjogAsaNisejjA' Adi 391vIM gAthA aura par3atA hai ki AryikAe~ munisaMgha ke hI antargata haiM aura unakA ArAdhanA kI 305vIM gAthA eka hI hai| isameM kahA hai ki vaiyAvRtti gaNadhara muni hI hotA hai| 'gaNadharo maryAdopadezaka: pratikramaNAdyAcArya:' karane vAlA muni rugNa muni kA AhAra, auSadhi Adi se upakAra (ttiikaa)| kreN| isI gAthA ke viSaya meM kavi vRndAvanadAsa ko zaMkA huI ina saba bAtoM se mUlAcAra kundakunda paramparA kA grantha nahIM mAlUma thI aura usakA nivAraNa karane ke lie unhoMne dIvAna amaracandajI hotaa| ata: mUlAcAra yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hai yaha nirvivAda rUpa ko patra likhA thaa| samAcAra adhikAra 'gacche vejjAvaccaM' Adi se siddha hotA hai| 174vI gAthA kI TIkA meM bhI vaiyAvRtti kA artha zArIrika pravRtti isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki mUlAcAra ko yApanIya paramparA kA aura AhArAdi se upakAra karanA likhA hai-'vejjAvaccaM vaiyAvRtyaM grantha mAnane ke aneka pramANa haiN| paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne apane uparyukta kaayikvyaapaaraahaaraadibhirupgrhnnm|' vivecana meM una sabhI tathyoM kA saMkSepa meM ullekha kara diyA hai jinake 4. bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI 414vI gAthA ke samAna isakI bhI 387vIM AdhAra para mUlAcAra ko kundakunda kI acela-paramparA ke sthAna para gAthA meM AcArakalpa evaM jItakalpa granthoM kA ullekha hai, jo yApanIyoM kI acela-paramparA kA grantha mAnA jAnA caahie| maiM paM0 nAthUrAma yApanIya ko mAnya the aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM Aja bhI jI premI dvArA uThAye gaye inhIM muddoM para vistAra se carcA karanA caahuuNgaa| upalabdha haiN| sarvaprathama mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI aneka gAthAe~ samAna gAthA 277-78-79 meM kahA hai ki saMyamI muni aura AryikAoM aura samAna abhiprAya ko prakaTa karane vAlI hone ke kAraNa premI jI kI cAra prakAra ke sUtra kAlazuddhi Adi ke binA nahIM par3hanA caahie| ne ise bhagavatIArAdhanA kI paramparA kA grantha mAnA hai| premI jI ne inase anya ArAdhanA, niyukti maraNavibhakti, saMgraha, stuti, isa tathya kA bhI saMketa kiyA hai ki mUlAcAra ke samAna hI bhagavatI pratyAkhyAna, Avazyaka aura dharmakathA Adi par3hanA caahie| ye ArAdhanA ke bhI kucha aise mantavya haiM jo acela digambara paramparA se saba grantha mUlAcAra ke kartA ke samakSa the, parantu kundakunda kI mela nahIM khAte haiM aura yadi bhagavatI ArAdhanA digambara paramparA kA paramparA ke sAhitya meM ina nAmoM ke grantha upalabdha nahIM haiN| grantha na hokara yApanIya paramparA kA grantha siddha hotA hai to phira mUlAcAra 6. mUlAcAra 'bAvIsaM titthayarA'' aura 'sapaDikkamaNo dhammo'6 ina do ko bhI hameM yApanIya paramparA kA hI grantha mAnanA hogaa| yadyapi premI gAthAoM meM jo kucha kahA gayA hai, vaha kundakunda kI paramparA meM jI ne mAtra bhagavatI ArAdhanA se isakI gAthAoM kI samarUpatA kI anyatra kahIM nahIM kahA gayA hai| ye hI do gAthAe~ bhadrabAhukRta carcA kI hai| parantu bAta yahIM samApta nahIM hotii| mUlAcAra meM zvetAmbara Avazyakaniyukti meM haiM aura vaha zvetAmbara grantha hai| paramparA meM mAnya aneka granthoM kI gAthAe~ samAna rUpa se upalabdha hotI 7. Avazyakaniyukti kI lagabhaga 80 gAthAe~ mUlAcAra meM milatI haiN| unameM zaurasenI aura ardhamAgadhI athavA mahArASTrI ke antara ke haiM aura mUlAcAra meM pratyeka Avazyaka kA kathana karate samaya atirikta kahIM kisI prakAra kA antara bhI nahIM hai| mUlAcAra ke bRhad vaTTakera kA yaha kahanA ki maiM prastuta Avazyaka para samAsa se pratyAkhyAna nAmaka dvitIya adhikAra meM adhikAMza gAthAe~ mahApaccakkhAna (saMkSepa meM) niyukti kahU~gA, avazya hI arthasUcaka hai kyoMki aura AurapaccakkhAna se milatI haiN| mUlAcAra ke bRhad pratyAkhyAna sampUrNa mUlAcAra meM 'SaDAvazyaka adhikAra' ko chor3akara anya aura saMkSipta pratyAkhyAna ina donoM adhikAroM meM kramaza: 71 aura 14 prakaraNoM meM niyukti' zabda zAyada hI kahIM AyA ho| SaDAvazyaka gAthAe~ arthAt kula 85 gAthAe~ haiN| inameM se 70 gAthAe~ to Atura ke anta meM bhI isa adhyAya ko 'niyukti' nAma se hI nirdiSTa pratyAkhyAna nAmaka zvetAmbara paramparA ke prakIrNaka se milatI haiN| zeSa kiyA gayA hai| 15 gAthAoM meM bhI kucha mahApaccakkhAna evaM candravedhyaka meM mila jAtI mUlAcAra meM muniyoM ke lie 'virata' aura AryikAoM ke lie haiN| ye gAthAe~ zvetAmbara paramparA meM prakIrNakoM ke rUpa meM Aja bhI svIkArya 'viratI' zabda kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| (gAthA 180) / haiN| punaH adhyAya kA nAmakaraNa bhI unhIM granthoM ke AdhAra para hai| isI muni-AryikA, zrAvaka-zrAvikA milakara caturvidha saMgha hotA hai| prakAra mUlAcAra ke SaDAvazyaka adhikAra kI 192 gAthAoM meM se 80 cauthe sAmAcAra adhikAra (gAthA 187) meM kahA hai ki abhI taka gAthAe~ Avazyakaniyukti se samAnarUpa rakhatI haiN| isake atirikta isI kahA huA, yaha yathAkhyAtapUrva samAcAra AryikAoM ke lie bhI adhikAra pAThabheda ke sAtha uttarAdhyayana, anuyogadvAra aura dazavaikAlika yathAyogya jaannaa| isakA artha yaha huA ki grantha kartA muniyoM se aneka gAthAe~ milatI haiN| paMcAcAra adhikAra meM sabase adhika aura AryikAoM ko eka hI zreNI meM rakhate haiM (jabaki A0 222 gAthAe~ haiN| isakI 50 se adhika gAthAe~ uttarAdhyayana aura kundakunda strI-pravrajyA kA niSedha karate haiN|11 phira 166vIM gAthA jIvasamAsa nAmaka zvetAmbara grantha meM samAna rUpa se pAyI jAtI haiN| meM kahA hai ki isa prakAra kI carcA jo muni aura AryikAyeM karatI isameM jo SaDjIvanikAya kA vivecana hai usakI adhikAMza gAthAe~ haiM ve jagatpUjA, kIrti aura sukha prApta karake 'siddha hotI haiN| uttarAdhyayana ke 36veM adhyAya aura jIvasamAsa meM haiN| isI prakAra 5
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________________ mUlAcAra vaha bhI samiti, 3 gupti Adi kA jo vivecana upalabdha hotA hai uttarAdhyayana ke aura dazavaikAlika meM kiMcit bheda ke sAtha upalabdha hotA hai| isI prakAra mUlAcAra ke piNDazuddhi adhikAra kI 83 gAthAe~ haiN| inameM bhI adhikAMza gAthAe~ zvetAmbara paramparA ke piNDaniryukti nAmaka grantha meM yathAvat rUpa meM upalabdha hotI haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki mUlAcAra kI adhikAMza sAmagrI zetAmbara paramparA ke uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, piNDaniryukti, AurapaccakkhANa mahApaccakkhANa, Avazyakaniyukti, candravedhyaka Adi zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya uparyukta granthoM se saMkalita hai Azcarya to yaha lagatA hai ki hamArI digambara paramparA ke vidvAn mUlAcAra meM kundakunda ke granthoM se mAtra 21 gAthAe~ samAna rUpa se upalabdha hone para ise kundakunda kI kRti siddha karane kA sAhasa karate haiM aura jisa paramparA ke granthoM se isakI AdhI se adhika gAthAe~ samAna rUpa se milatI hai usake sAtha isakI nikaTatA ko dRSTi se ojhala kara dete haiN| mUlAcAra kI racanA usI paramparA meM sambhava ho sakatI hai jisa paramparA meM uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika Avazyakaniyukti, piNDaniryukti, mahApacakkhANa, AurapacakkhANa Adi granthoM ke adhyayana-adhyApana kI paramparA rahI hai| vartamAna kI khojoM se yaha spaSTa ho cukA hai ki yApanIya paramparA se ina granthoM kA adhyayana hotA thaa| isI prakAra yApanIya paramparA meM aparAjitasUri ne uttarAdhyayana aura dazavaikAlika para TIkAeM likhakara isI bAta kI puSTi kI hai ki isakA adhyayana aura adhyApana unakI paramparA meM pracalita thaa| jo paramparA Agama granthoM kA sarvathA lopa mAnatI hai usa paramparA meM mUlAcAra jaise grantha kI racanA sambhava nahIM pratIta hotii| yaha spaSTa hai ki jahA~ dakSiNa bhArata meM vikasita digambara acela paramparA AgamoM ke viccheda kI bAta kara rahI thI, vahIM uttarabhArata meM vikasita hokara dakSiNa kI ora jAne vAlI isa yApanIya paramparA meM AgamoM kA adhyayana barAbara cala rahA thaa| ataH isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki mUlAcAra kI racanA kundakunda kI digambara paramparA meM na hokara yApanIyoM kI acela paramparA meM huI hai| svayaM mUlAcAra ke pA~caveM paMcAcAra nAmaka adhikAra kI 79vIM gAthA meM" aura 387 20 gAthA meM AcArakalpa, jItakalpa, Avazyakaniryukti, ArAdhanA, maraNavibhakti, paccakkhANa, Avazyaka, dharmakathA (jJAtAdharmakathA) Adi granthoM ke adhyayana ke spaSTa nirdeza haiN| merI dRSTi se ukta gAthAoM meM nimmra granthoM kA nirdeza hotA hai - ( 1 ) ArAdhanA, (2) niryukti, (3) maraNavibhakti, (4) saMgraha (paMcasaMgraha), (5) stuti (devindatthuI), (6) pratyAkhyAna (7) Avazyaka aura (8) sarvaprathama yaha vicAraNIya hai ki ina granthoM meM kauna-kauna se grantha zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya evaM upalabdha hai aura kauna-kauna se digambara paramparA meM mAnya evaM upalabdha haiN| ina granthoM meM sarvaprathama ArAdhanA kA nAma hai ArAdhanA ke nAma se suparicita grantha zivArya kA bhagavatI ArAdhanA yA mUlArAdhanA hai| yaha suspaSTa hai ki bhagavatI ArAdhanA mUlataH digambara paramparA kA grantha na hokara yApanIya saMgha kA grantha hai| mUlAcAra eka vivecana 93 meM jisa ArAdhanA kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, vaha bhagavatI ArAdhanA hI hai| mUlAcAra bhI usI yApanIya paramparA kA grantha pratIta hotA hai kyoMki mUlAcAra ke racanAkAra ne sarvaprathama usI grantha kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| digambara paramparA meM ArAdhanA nAma kA koI grantha nahIM hai| yadyapi zvetAmbara paramparA meM maraNavibhakti nAma kA jo grantha hai usakI racanA jina ATha prAcIna zruta granthoM ke AdhAra para mAnI jAtI hai unameM maraNAvibhakti, maraNavizodhi, maraNasamAdhi, saMlekhanA zruta, bhakttaparijJA, AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna aura ArAdhanA hai| prastuta gAthA meM maraNavibhakti, pratyAkhyAna aura ArAdhanA aise tIna svatantra granthoM ke ullekha haiN| yaha sambhava hai ki mUlAcAra kA ArAdhanA se tAtparya isI prAcIna ArAdhanA se rahA hogaa| yaha ArAdhanA bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI racanA kA bhI AdhAra rahA hai| yadi hama ArAdhanA kA tAtparya bhagavatI ArAdhanA lete haiM to hameM itanA nizcita rUpa se svIkAra karanA hogA ki mUlAcAra kA racanAkAla bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI racanA ke bAda kA hai aura donoM granthoM ke Antarika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para yaha nirNaya karanA hogA ki inameM se kauna prAcIna hai| cUMki yaha eka svatantra nibandha kA viSaya hogA isalie isakI adhika gaharAI meM nahIM jAnA cAhatA, kintu itanA avazya ullekha karUMgA ki yadi bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI racanA mUlAcAra se paravartI hai to mUlAcAra meM likhita yaha ArAdhanA, maraNasamAdhi kI aMgIbhUta ArAdhanA hI hai| donoM kA nAma sAmya bhI isa dhAraNA ko puSTa karatA hai| isase yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki kisI samaya ArAdhanA svatantra grantha thA, jo Aja maraNavibhakti meM samAhita ho gayA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM Agama granthoM kI prAcInatama vyAkhyAoM ke rUpa meM niyuktiyA~ likhI gaI zvetAmbara paramparA meM dasa niyuktiyA~ suprasiddha haiN| niyukti sambhavataH dvitIya bhadrabAhu kI racanA mAnI jAtI hai, kintu kucha niryuktiyA~ usase bhI prAcIna hai| yaha bhI suspaSTa hai ki mUlAcAra ke SaDAvazyaka adhikAra meM Avazyakaniyukti kI 80 se adhika gAthAe~ spaSTataH milatI hai| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki prastuta gAthA meM niyukti kA jo ullekha hai vaha zvetAmbara paramparA meM upalabdha niyuktiyoM se hI hai| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki adhikAMza niyuktiyA~ bhadrabAhu dvitIya ke dvArA racita haiM aura ina bhadrabAhu kA samaya vikrama kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI hai / isameM eka bAta avazya spaSTa hotI hai ki mUlAcAra vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrva kI racanA nahIM hai| mUlAcArakAra yaha kahakara 'aba maiM AcArya paramparA se yathAgata Avazyaka niyukti ko saMkSepa meM kahU~gA' isa tathya kI svayaM puSTi karatA hai ki usake samakSa Avazyakaniryukti nAmaka grantha rahA hai| dUsare asvAdhyAya kAla meM par3hane yogya granthoM kI sUcI meM niyukti kA ullekha bhI isI tathya ko sUcita karatA hai| digambara paramparA meM niyuktiyA~ likhI gaI aisA koI bhI saMketa upalabdha nahIM hai, ataH mUlAcAra meM niyukti se tAtparya zvetAmbara paramparA meM pracalita niryuktayoM se hI hai| isase yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki zvetAmbara aura yApanIya Agamika grantha eka hI the, unameM mAtra zaurasenI aura mahArASTrI kA bhASA bheda thaa| mUlAcAra - 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________________ 94 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 meM jisa tIsare grantha maraNavibhakti kA ullekha huA hai vaha bhI zvetAmbara kA ullekha kiyA ho| thudi yA stuti se mUlAcAra kA tAtparya kisa paramparA ke dasa prakIrNakoM meM eka hai| yaha maraNavibhakti aura maraNasamAdhi grantha se hai yaha bhI spaSTa karanA Avazyaka hai| TIkAkAra vasunandI ne ina do nAmoM se ullikhita hai| svayaM granthakAra ne bhI ise maraNavibhakti isakA tAtparya samantabhadra kI 'devAgama' nAmaka stuti-racanA se liyA kahA hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki mUlAcAra dvArA nirdiSTa maraNavibhakti hai| kintu merI dRSTi meM yaha ucita nahIM hai| prathama to samantabhadra kA zvetAmbara paramparA meM upalabdha maraNavibhakti hI hai| digambara paramparA meM kAla bhI vivAdAspada hai use kisI bhI sthiti meM mUlAcAra kA pUrvavartI maraNavibhakti nAma kA koI grantha rahA ho aisA ullekha mujhe dekhane ko mAnanA samucita nahIM hai| vastutaH thuI nAma se koI prAkRta racanA hI nahIM milA hai| yadyapi mUlAcAra meM ullikhita maraNavibhakti vartamAna rahanI caahie| zvetAmbara paramparA meM thuI ke nAma se vIratthuI aura maraNavibhakti kA eka bhAga mAtra thI- kyoMki vartamAna maraNavibhakti sahita devindatthuo ina do kA ullekha milatA hai| vIratthuI-sUtrakRtAMga kA ATha prAcIna granthoM kA saMkalana hai| hI eka adhyAya hai jabaki deviMdatthuoM kI gaNanA dasa prakIrNakoM meM jisa cauthe grantha kA ullekha hameM mUlAcAra meM milatA hai, vaha kI jAtI hai| vaise prakIrNakoM meM hI vIratthao (vIrastava) eka svatantra saMgraha hai| saMgraha se granthakAra kA kyA tAtparya hai, yaha vicAraNIya hai| grantha bhI hai aura isakI viSayavastu sUtrakRtAMga ke chaThe adhyAya vIratthuI paMca-saMgraha ke nAma se karmasAhitya sambandhI grantha zvetAmbara evaM digambara se bhinna hai| jaisA ki hamane pUrva-carcA meM dekhA, mUlAcAra kI prastuta donoM hI paramparAoM meM upalabdha hai| isake atirikta digambara paramparA gAthA meM jina granthoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai unameM adhikatara zvetAmbara meM paMcAstikAya ko bhI 'paMcatthikAya-saMgahasatta' kahA gayA hai| svayaM paramparA ke prakIrNakoM ke nAmoM se milate haiN| ataH prastuta: gAthA meM isa grantha ke kartA ne bhI isa grantha ko saMgraha kahA hai ata: eka thuI nAmaka grantha se tAtparya prakIrNakoM meM samAviSTa devidaMtthao aura vikalpa to yaha ho sakatA hai ki saMgraha se tAtparya 'paMcatthikAya saMgaha' vIratthao se hI honA caahie| yadyapi merI dRSTi meM 'thudi' se mUlAcAra se ho, kintu yahI ekamAtra vikalpa ho hama yaha nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki kA tAtparya yA to sUtrakRtAMga ke chaThe adhyAya meM antarnihita 'vIratthuI' aneka AdhAroM para mUlAcAra paMcAstikAya kI apekSA prAcIna hai| dUsare se rahA hogA yA phira deviMdatthao nAmaka prakIrNaka se hogA, kyoMki yadi mUlAcAra ko kundakunda ke granthoM kA ullekha iSTa hotA to ve yaha IsA pUrva prathama zatI meM racita eka prAcIna prakIrNaka hai| (isa samayasAra kA bhI ullekha karate hai| puna: kundakunda dvArA 'samaya' zabda sambandha meM mere dvArA sampAdita evaM Agama saMsthAna dvArA prakAzita kA jisa artha meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai, mUlAcAra ke samayasArAdhikAra 'deviMdatthao' kI bhUmikA dekheN)| prakIrNakoM meM samAhita vIratthuo mujhe meM 'samaya' zabda usase bhinna artha meM grahaNa huA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA mUlAcAra kI apekSA paravartI racanA lagatI hai| paccakkhANa nAmaka grantha meM saMgrahaNI sUtra kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| paMcakalpamahAbhASya ke se mUlAcAra kA mantavya kyA hai yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai| digambara paramparA anusAra saMgrahaNiyoM kI racanA AcArya kAlaka ne kI thii| pAkSikasUtra meM paccakkhANa nAmaka koI grantha hai, aisA jJAta nahIM hotA hai| jabaki meM niyukti aura saMgrahaNI donoM kA ullekha hai| saMgrahaNI Agamika granthoM zvetAmbara paramparA meM prakIrNakoM ke antargata AurapaccakkhANa aura kA saMkSepa meM paricaya dene vAlI racanA hai| cU~ki AgamoM kA mahApaccakkhANa nAmaka do grantha haiN| ataH spaSTa hai ki paccakkhANa se asvAdhyAya kAla meM par3hanA varjita thA, ata: yaha ho sakatA hai ki mUlAcAra kA tAtparya AurapaccakkhANa tathA mahApaccakkhANa nAmaka granthoM AcArya kAlaka Adi kI jo saMgrahaNI thI, unhIM se granthakAra kA tAtparya se hI hai| mUlAcAra ke TIkAkAra vasunandI ne ise spaSTa nahIM kiyA rahA ho| saMgraha se paMcasaMgraha artha grahaNa karane para samasyA uTha khar3I __ hai| kevala itanA hI kahakara chor3a diyA hai ki trividha evaM caturvidha hotI hai| zvetAmbar paMcasaMgraha jo candraRSi kI racanA mAnA jAtA hai, parityAga kA pratipAdaka grantha, kintu aisA koI grantha zvetAmbara yA digambara vaha kisI bhI sthiti meM 7vIM zatAbdI se pUrva kA nahIM hai| digambara paramparA meM rahA hai aisA dhyAna meM nahIM aataa| jaba mUlAcAra meM paramparA kA paMcasaMgraha to aura bhI paravartI hI siddha hotA hai| usameM AurapaccakkhANa kI hI 70 gAthAe~ mila rahI haiM, isake atirikta upalabdha dhavalA Adi kA kucha aMza use 10vIM-11vIM zatI taka mahApaccakkhANa kI bhI gAthAe~ usameM thIM hii| isase siddha hotA hai le jAtA hai| ata: mUlAcAra meM saMgraha ke rUpa meM jisa grantha kA ullekha ki paccakkhANa se mUlAcArakAra kA tAtparya AurapaccakkhANa aura hai vaha grantha vartamAna zvetAmbara-digambara paramparA kA upalabdha paMcasaMgraha mahApaccakkhANa se hI hai| to nahIM ho sktaa| anyathA hameM mUlAcAra kI tithi ko kAphI nIce AvAsaya yA Avazyaka se mUlAcArakAra kA tAtparya kisa grantha le jAnA hogaa| gAthA ke sandarbha-sthala ko dekhate hue use prakSipta bhI se hai-yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai| TIkAkAra vasunandI ne mAtra kevala itanA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yadyapi yaha bAta nizcita hI satya hai ki paMcasaMgraha nirdeza diyA hai ki Avazyaka se tAtparya sAmAyika Adi SaD-Avazyaka meM jina granthoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai, unameM kucha grantha zivazarmasUri kAryoM kA pratipAdaka grnth| digambara paramparA meM isa prakAra kA koI kI racanAe~ haiM aura isa dRSTi se prAcIna bhI haiN| sambhava, yahI lagatA grantha nahIM rahA hai jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM Avazyaka nAmaka svatantra hai ki upalabdha paMcasaMgraha ke pUrva bhI karma siddhAnta se sambandhita grantha prAcIna kAla se upalabdha hai aura usakI gaNanA grantha ke rUpa kasAyapAhuDa, sataka, sittarI Adi kucha granthoM kA eka saMgraha rahA hogA meM kI gaI hai| ata: spaSTa hai ki mUlAcArakAra kA Avazyaka se tAtparya aura jo saMgraha nAma se prasiddha thaa| ho sakatA hai ki mUlAcAra ne usI zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya Avazyaka sUtra se hI hai|
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________________ antima grantha jisakA isa gAyA meM ullekha hai, vaha dharmakathA hai| yaha bAta nizcaya hI vicAraNIya hai ki dharmakathA se granthakAra kA tAtparya kisa grantha se hai| digambara paramparA meM dharmakathAnuyoga ke rUpa meM jo purANa Adi sAhitya upalabdha hai, vaha kisI bhI sthiti meM mUlAcAra se pUrvavartI nahIM hai| TIkAkAra vasunandI ne dharmakathA se triSaSTizalAkApuruSa caritra Adi kA jo tAtparya liyA hai vaha taba taka grAhya nahIM bana sakatA jaba taka ki triSaSTizalAkApuruSa caritra kA vivecana karane vAle mUlAcAra se pUrva ke koI grantha hoN| yadi hama triSaSTizalAkApuruSa caritra se sambandhita granthoM ko dekhate haiM to yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ye sabhI grantha mUlAcAra ke paravartI hI hai| ataH yaha prazna anuttarita hI rahatA hai ki dharmakathA se mUlAcAra kA kyA tAtparya hai / isake uttara ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane do vikalpa haiM yA to hama yaha mAneM ki mUlAcAra kI racanA ke pUrva bhI kucha carita prantha raheM hoge jo dharmakathA ke nAma se jAne jAte hoMge, kintu yaha kalpanA adhika santoSajanaka nahIM lgtii| dUsarA vikalpa yaha ho sakatA hai ki dharmakathA se tAtparya 'nAyathammakahA' se to nhiiN| yaha sarvamAnya hai ki 'nAyadhammakahA kI viSayavastu dharmakathAnuyoga se sambandhita hai| isa vikalpa ko svIkAra karane meM kevala eka hI kaThinAI hai ki kucha aMga-Agama bhI asvAdhyAya kAla meM par3he jA sakate haiMyaha mAnanA hogaa| eka aura vikalpa ho sakatA hai| dharmakathA se tAtparya kahIM paumacariya Adi grantha se to nahIM hai lekina yaha kalpanAeM hI haiN| merI dRSTi meM to 'dhammakahA' se mUlAcAra kA tAtparya 'nAyadhammaka hA ' se hogaa| mUlAcAra meM uparyukta granthoM ke atirikta 'AyArakappa' aura 'jIdakampa' aise do granthoM kI aura sUcanA milatI hai ataH inake sambandha saMdarbha : 1. mUlAcAra (saM0 jJAnamatI mAtAjI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha) bhUmikA, pR. 11, sAtha hI dekheM-- DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jaina kI pradhAna sampAdakIya, pR0 6 2. vistRta carcA ke liye dekheM-- jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa paM. nAthUrAmajI premI, saMzodhita sAhityamAlA, ThAkura dvAra bambaI, 1956, pR0 548-553 / 3. AyArajIdakaSpaguNadIvaNA appasodhi Nij / 4. 5. 6. mUlAcAra : eka vivecana ajjava maddava - lAghava- vuTTI palhAdaNaM ca guNA / / 387 / / mUlAcAra ArAhaNaNijjutI maraNavibhattI ya saMgahatbudio / paccakkhANAvAsaya dhammakahAo va erasio / / 279 / / mUlAcAra bAvIsaM titthayarA sAmAiyasaMjamaM uvadisaMti / cheovadvAvaNiyaM puNa bhayavaM uso uso ya vIro ya 7-36 sapaDikkamaNo dhammo purimassa ya pacchimassa jiNassa / avarAhapaDikkamaNaM majjhimANaM jiNavarANaM / / 628 / / mUlAcAra 95 meM bhI vicAra kara lenA Avazyaka hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya AgamoM meM cheda sUtroM ke antargata AcArakalpa (dazAzrutaskandha-AcAradazA) aura jItakalpa ullekha upalabdha haiN| yApanIya paramparA ke eka anya grantha chedazAstra meM bhI prAyazcitta ke sandarbha meM AcArakalpa aura jItakalpa kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki AcArakalpa aura jItakalpa muni jIvana ke AcAra niyamoM tathA unase sambandhita prAyazcittoM kA varNana karate haiN| paMcAcArAdhikAra meM tapAcAra ke sandarbha meM jo ina do granthoM kA ullekha hai, ve vastutaH zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya AcAradazA aura jItakalpa hI haiN| yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki digambara AcAryoM ne yApanIya paramparA ke sambandha meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki ye kalpasUtra kA vAcana karate haiN| smaraNa rahe ki AcArakalpa kA AThavA~ adhyayana paryuSaNAkalpa ke nAma se prasiddha hai aura paryuSaNa parva ke avasara para zvetAmbara paramparA meM par3hA jAtA hai| isa prakAra dekhate haiM ki mUlAcAra meM jina granthoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai lagabhaga ve sabhI grantha Aja bhI zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya aura pracalita haiN| isase yaha spaSTa siddha hotA hai ki Agamika pranthoM ke sandarbha meM mUlAcAra kI paramparA zvetAmbara paramparA ke nikaTa hai| yApanIyoM ke sandarbha meM yaha spaSTa hai ki ve zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya Agama sAhitya ko mAnya karate the| yaha hama pUrva meM bhI sUcita kara cuke haiM ki uttara bhArata ke nirmantha saMgha meM jina granthoM kA nirmANa I0 san kI dUsarI zatI taka huA thA usake uttarAdhikArI vetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM hI rahe haiN| ataH mUlAcAra meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya granthoM kA ullekha yahI siddha karatA hai ki vaha yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hai| 7. 8. dekhie, paM0 sukhalAla saMghavIkRta 'paMcapratikramaNa suutr'| 'AvAsayaNijjattI vocchAmi jahAkamaM samAseNa' 'sAmAiyaNijjutI esA kahiyA mae samAse / ' 'cauvIsayaNijjuttI esA kahiyA mae samAseNa' aadi| AvAsayaNijjutI evaM kadhidA samAsao vihiNA / 10. eso ajjANaMpi a sAmAcAro jahAkkhio puvvaM / savvahi ahoratte vibhAsidavvo jadhAjoggaM / / 187 / / 11. dekhie, kundakunda amRtasaMgraha, gA0 24-27, pR0saM0135 // saMpA0paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI / 12. evaM vidhANacariyaM carati je sAdhavo ya ajjAo / jagapujjaM te kittiM suhaM ca laddhUNa sijjhati / / 96 / / mUlAcAra 13. ArAhaNA nijjutti maraNavibhattIyaM saMgahathudio / paccakhANAvAsaya dhammakahAo va erisao / / 279 / / mUlAcAra 14. AyAra jIdakapya guNa dIvaNA ..... / / 387 / / mUlAcAra .