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________________ mUDabidrInA jaina bhaMDAranAM prAcIna tADapatrIya citro zrImatI sarayU vinoda dozI mahisara rAjyamAM meMgaloranI pUrve vIseka mAIla dUra AveluM mUbidrI nAmanuM nAnuM zahera enA prAcIna jaina hastalikhita graMtho tema ja digambara saMpradAyanI prAcIna jaina dhAtu tema ja pASANanI pratimAo vagere sAmagrIthI bharapUra kImatI bhaMDAra mATe jANItuM che. ahIMnA siddhAMtamasadI bhaMDAramAM varSothI sacavAyelA paNa kaSTasAdhya traNa tADapatrIya* hastalikhita graMtho--SaTkhaMDAgama, mahAbaMdha ane kaSAyapAhuDa--Aje to prasiddha thaI gayA che. A graMthomAM keTalAMka citro paNa che. DaoN. hIrAlAla jaine, potAnA " pakhaMDAgama " tema ja " bhAratIya saMskRtineM jaina dharmakA yogadAna " nAmaka graMthomAM A pratomAMnAM prAcIna citro prasiddha karyAM hatAM, paNu tenA bhAvArtha ane kalAnuM vivecana karavuM jarUrI che. * I sa0 1964nA jAnyuArImAM dilhImAM maLelA AMtararASTrIya pauryAMya mahAsabhAnA adhivezana prasaMge yojAyelA hastapratonA pradarzanamAM A pratonAM citro vidvAnone sArI rIte jovA maLyAM ane tenA sArA phroTA vagere laI zakAyA. sane 1964mAM amerikAmAM penasilaveniyA yunivarsiTImAM yorjAyela TAgora vyAkhyAnamALAmAM DaoN. motIcaMdrajIe e citro pratye aMgulinirdeza karyo hato. dakSiNa bhAratamAMthI AjasudhI upalabdha graMthastha citromAM A citro kadAca sauthI vadhu prAcIna che tethI, tema ja prAcIna bhAratIya citrakalAnA patihAsamAM agatyanuM sthAna dharAvatAM hovAthI, ane digambara jaina saMpradAyanAM graMthastha citromAM paNa mahattvanuM sthAna dharAvatAM hovAthI enuM thoDuM nirUpaNu Avazyaka che. khUMDAgama, mahAbaMdha ane kaSAyapAhuDa nAmaka A traNe sacitra graMtho jaina karma siddhAMtanuM nirUpaNa ratA ane digambara jaina mAnyatA mujabanA samasta tattvajJAnanA pramANabhUta graMtho che. digambara mAnyatA savistara mAhitI mATe juo buleTina oNk khI prinsa oNpha velsa myujhiyama oNk vesTarna inDiyA naM0 8, (1962-64), pA. 2936
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________________ 332 : zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNamahotsava grantha mujaba, bhagavAna mahAvIrano upadeza, je teonA gaNadharoe khAra aMga graMthomAM samAviSTa karela te, samaya jatAM paraMparAgata maukhika vinimayamAM kramazaH naSTaprAya thayo. mAtra pAMcamA ane khAramA aMgano thoDoka aMza thoDAka ja AcAryo jANatA hatA. khristI saMvatanA prAraMbhakALamAM, jaina prAcIna sAhityane jhaDapathI nAza thatuM aTakAvavAnI tIvra jarUriyAta ane AturatAne lIdhe, e AcAryoe, bhinnapaNe, tatkAlIna pravartamAna jJAnane ekatra karI, graMthastha karavAno prayatna karyo. guNadharAcArye karmabaMdhananA kAraNabhUta krodha, mAna, mAyA ane lobha kaSAyonuM nirUpaNa jemAM che evA kaSAyapAhuDa graMthanI racanA karI. dharaseNAcArye puSpadaMta ane bhUtali nAmaka e tejasvI ziSyone potA pAse raheluM sarva kaMI jJAna zIkhavyuM. dharaseNunA upadezonuM A anuyAyIoe vyavasthitapaNe sUtrarUpe saMkalana karI cha bhAgamAM 'SaTkhaMDAgama'nuM sarjana karyuM. prathama traNa bhAga AtmAnubaMdha ane zeSa traNa bhAga khAdya kA~nA prakArAdino paricaya karAve che. pachInA saikAo daramiyAna A graMtho para dhaNI TIkAo racAI, paNa temAM vIrasene lakhela gaNanApAtra TIkAtti eTalI badhI prakhyAta thaI gaI ke tenI TIkA A kRtio sAthe ja saMmilita thaI gaI che. nyAyazAstranipuNa vIrasene dhavalA nAmaka moTI TIkAvRtti prathama pAMca khaMDa para racelI, chaThTho khaMDa mahAbaMdha svayaMspaSTa hoI TIkAnI jarUra na hatI. A mahAbaMdha mahAdhavalA tarIke paNa prasiddha che. kAyapAhuDa para jayadhavalA TIkAvRtti racavA temaNe prayAsa karyo. paNa jIvananA aMta sudhImAM mAtra trIjA bhAganuM ja kArya pUrNa thatAM bAkInI TIkA pUrNa karavAnuM bhagIratha kArya temanA ziSya jinasenane mAthe AvI paDayuM. Ama beunA bhegA prayatnathI 60,000 zlokapramANa jayadhavalA TIkA pUrNa thaI. Isa.nI bAramI sadInI prathama paccIsImAM lakhAyelA A khUMDAgama, mahAbaMdha ane kaSAyapAhuDa nAmaka traNa tADapatrIya graMthonuM kada anukrame 75 x 6, 72547 ane 685x7 semI. che. darekamAM anukrame che, sAta ane cauda citrAkRtio che. mULa prAkRta racanA kannaDa lipimAM lakhAyelI che. vIrasenaracita TIkA prAkRtamAM tema ja vacce vacce saMskRta bhASAmAM ema mizrabhASAmAM che. SaTyuMDAgamanI pratimAM eno lekhanasaMvata Apyo che, je I sa0 1113 barobara gaNAya che. je citro che tenuM mahattva mukhyatve mRtizAstranI dRSTie che. kalA ke sauMdaryadRSTi karatAM ye vadhu to dhArmika ke AdhyAtmika khyAlathI cItarAyelAM A citro che. pUrva bhArata ane nepAlanA sacitra tADapatrIya graMthomAM pAla-kalAnA devadevIonAM citro AvA ja upayogamAM AvelAM, tema ja pazcima bhAratIya citrakalAmAM paNa teramA saikAnAM vidyAdevIonAM ane tIrthaMkaranAM citro paNa AvA ja uddezathI thayelAM. pUjanIya devadevInI mUrtinAM A jAtanAM citrAMkananI pAchaLa, graMthanI asarakArakatAmAM daivIbala athavA sahAya prApta karavAno Azaya hoI zake. pAchaLanA samayamAM jeno citravicitra (complicated) tAMtrika maMDalarUpe vikAsa thayo te mAnyatAnAM bIja AvAM citromAM ApaNane maLI Ave che, A citro jaina devadevIo, sAdhuo, zrAvakazrAvikAonI jhAMkhI karAve che. uparAMta emAM padma ane puSpalatAonAM naravAM suzobhano (Motifs) paNa maLe che. suMdara AlaMkArika kinArInI vacce maDhI hoya evI lAgavAthI A citrakRtio vizeSa AkarSaka athavA asarakAraka banI che. sAdI hovA chatAM ghaNI bhAtanI A kinAro tatkAlIna vastronI bhAtomAMthI prerAyela hoya ema lAge che. e ja samayanA mAnasollAsa nAmaka graMthamAM AvI vasronI bhAtonuM varNana ApaNane upalabdha thAya che. keTalIka vakhate madhyavartI suzobhana athavA pratIkanI be bAju judI judI pahoLAI ane judA juda.
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________________ citra-1 me goLAkAra suzobano, pAyapAhuDa, DibaDI, bAramI sadIno pUrvArdha, 68pa4 7 se. mI. citra-ra bAhubalI, kaSAyapAhuDa, biI, bAramI sadIno dhaMdhe, 18 56 7. se. mI. citra-3 caturbhunadevI, mahAjanya, mubidrA, khAramI sadIno dhi, 7256 7 se. mI. (juo pU. 332)
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________________ citra-4 siMhAsanasthadevI ane cAmaradhAriNIo, kaSAyapAhuDa, maDabidrI, bAramI sadIno pUrvArdha, 68.5 x 7 se. mI. citra-5 aMbikA, kaSAyapAhuDa, maDabidrI, bAramI sadInA pUrvArdha, 68.5 x 7 se. mI. citra-6 savarNa yakSa (?), kaSAyapAhuDa, mUDabidrA, bAramI sadInA pUrvArdha 1854 7 se. mI.
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________________ mUDabidrInA jaina bhaMDAranA prAcIna tADapatrIya citro: 333 raMganA sAdA paTTA cItarelA che, jemAM ekajAtanI trikoNa AkRtio athavA tAlapatra, rekhAtraya, vRttarekhA athavA biMduo AdinI bhAta hoya che. kalAkAro phUlavela tarapha kaMIka vizeSa abhiruci dharAvatA hoya ema lAge che. teo suzobhanonI paTTIrUpe ke citronI AsapAsanI kinArI tarIke eno upayoga kare che, to koIkavAra kamAno (toraNa) vaccenI khAlI jagyAne nAnI sarakhI rekhAo vaDe sughaDapaNe bharI dIdhI che (juo citra 5). kalAkAronuM cAturya, hastakauzalya ane AkRti sAtheno suparicaya kamaLonAM goLAkAra suzobhanomAM jevAM jaNAI Ave che (juo citra 1) tevAM anyatra javalle ja upalabdha che. kamaLapatronI rUDha (conventional) AkRtione, ekabIjAmAM samAI jatAM suMdara vartulonI bhaumitika racanArUpe suMdara rekhAMkanothI raju karela che. devo-ane khAsa karIne devIonAM citro vadhu che. tIrthaMkarone kAryotsarga (juo citra 2) agara pavAsana avasthAmAM darzAvela che. drAkSanI latAothI vIMTaLAyela TaTAra UbhelA bAhubali ane pArzvanAthanI mUrtio sivAya bIjA tIrthakaronI mUtio upara lAMchana na hovAnA kAraNe te kyA tIrthakaronI che te oLakhI zakAtuM nathI. A citromAM jainonI khyAtanAma yakSiNIo jovAmAM Ave che. emAM pArzvanAthanI adhiSThAyikA devI padmAvatInuM citra sauthI vadhu suMdara che. Asana upara birAjita devIe upalI bhujAomAM aMkuza ane pAza dhAraNa karelA che ane nIcalo jamaNo hAtha abhayamudrAmAM taithA DAbo hAtha varadamudrAmAM che. dedIpyamAna mukuTa ane saptapheNadhArI nAganuM chatra dhAraNa karatI A devI anya AbhUSaNothI paNa vizeSa dIpe che. nAganA mastaka ane haMsanA dehathI zobhatuM devInuM kulluTasarpa nAmanuM vAhana tenI jamaNI bAjue che. AmAM vRSabhArUDha devInuM eka suMdara citra che. A citramAM eka prakAranI sajIvatA che, je bIjI koIpaNa devInA citramAM jovAmAM AvatI nathI. vRSabha para ArUDha devInA zarIranI paDakheno bhAga dekhAya che. vRSabhanuM kheMcAyeluM mastaka ane gAMTha vALela UDatA khesa, AvA ja prakAranA anya citromAM je sthitibhAva-jaDabhAva jovA maLe che tene badale, ahIM tAdazya cetanavaMtA bhAvonI rajUAta karI jAya che (juo citra 3). caturvastadhAriNI devIe uparanA jamaNA ne DAbA hAthamAM aMkuza ane pAza dhAraNa karela che, paNa nIcalA hAtha spaSTa dekhI zakAtA nathI. ahIM mUrtividyA eka samasyA UbhI kare che kAraNake e devImAM padmAvatInAM lakSaNo hovAM chatAM enuM vAhana vRSabhanuM hovAthI ene padmAvatI tarIke oLakhAvavI zakAya nathI. jo vRSabha vAhanane ja paricayacihna tarIke lekhIe to enI rohiNIdevI tarIke oLakha ApavI susaMgata thAya che. chatAM ye tenI dvividha lAkSaNikatA e citrane rahasyamaya ja rAkhe che. cArabhujAyukta ane suzobhita pIMchAvALA haMsasahitanI bIjI eka devInuM citra che. teNe paNa upalA jamaNA ne DAbA hAthamAM aMkuza ne pAza dhAraNa karela che. nIcalo jamaNe hAtha abhayamudrAmAM che. DAbo hAtha citramAM aspaSTa che. A devIne paNa oLakhavI agharI che. Ama ochevatte aMze samAna evAM bIjAM be citromAM devIne laMbacorasa AkAranA Asana upara ArUDha karI, bAjumAM pUjaka ane mayura Alekhela che. emAMnA eka citramAM devInA nIcalA DAbA hAthamAM pustaka hovAthI A sarasvatI devI che ema pratIti thAya che. bIjA citramAM agAu mujaba aMkuza ne pAza tema ja nIcalo jamaNuM hAtha abhayamudrAdarzaka che. jaina mUrtizAstra (iconography)--khAsa karIne digambara mAnyatA mujabanA mUtizAstramAM padmAvatI tema ja sarasvatIdevI beunA hAthamAM aMkuza ane pAza jovA maLe che. A devIne sarasvatI devI tarIke nizcita karAvIe te pahelAM tene eka citramAM zveta ane bIjAmAM
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________________ 334: zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNa mahotsava thaW zyAmavarNI batAvela che te paNa vicAravA jevI bAbata che kAraNake sAmAnyataH sarasvatI devInI kRti zvetasuMdara hoya che, tyAre ahIM mAtra A devI ja nahi paNa bIjI devIo paNa banne rIte-zveta tema ja zyAma-Alekhela che. evA traNa dAkhalA A citromAM che ke jemAM eka ja prakAranA AyudhovALI devI zveta tema ja zyAma banne rIte Alekhela che, ane AvA kissAomAM beu prakAranAM citro lagabhaga ekamekanI nakala jevAM maLatAM Ave che. citramAM, devIonI besavAnI paddhati, lAkSaNika cihno, pArvasevakonI saMkhyA, hAvabhAva, pozAka ane kezabhUSA lagabhaga samAna athavA maLatAM Ave che. taphAvata phakta che varNamAM ja. eka rakta ane bIjI pIta che (juo citra 4). bauddhonI gaura ane zyAma tArAnI mAnyatA jevI A mAnyatA che. dhyAna kheMce evI vastu e che ke judI judI avasthAmAM paNa devInI upalI banne bhujAo ane nIcalI jamaNI bhujAo eka ja prakAranAM lAkSaNika cihno dharAve che. nIcalA DAbA hAthamAM keTalIkavAra biruM nAmaka phaLa hoya che, agara to te hAtha varadamudrA darzAvato hoya che. paraMtu e chellA hAthanA lakSaNa uparathI koI sarvasAmAnya siddhAMta tAravI zakAya tema nathI. be bhujAvALI aMbikAdevInAM be citro maLe che. ekamAM te potAnA banne putro sAthe ane siMhavAhana upara virAjita che; bIjAmAM pote Asana para birAjamAna che ane tenA banne putro banne bAju siMhArUDha hoya tema devInI banne bAjue darzAvela che (juo yitra 5). - yakSonAM cAra citro maLe che, temAM ekamAM kuberane maLato dibhuja yakSa be vRkSanI vacce beThelo che, ane tenI bAjumAM tenuM hastivAhana batAveluM che. digambara praNAlikA mujabanA sarvaNa(sarvAha) yakSa tarIke ene oLakhAvI zakAya (jUo citra 5). bIjA yakSo barAbara oLakhI zakAtA nathI. mAtra ekamAM mukuTa upara yathAsthAne nAganI pheNa dharAvatA yakSane pArzvanAthanA zAsanatyakSa dharaNendra tarIke oLakhI zakAya che. dAtAo ke bhaktajanonAM citro phakta khaDAgamanI pratimAM eka ja patranA be cheDe maLe che. paNa temAM paNa AkRtio ghasAI gaI che. upAsakoe dhotiyuM ane khesa dhAraNa karyo che. emAM eka vyaktine aNiyALI dADhI che, ane teNe AbhUSaNo ane bhUrA raMganuM jAkITa paherela che. pazcima bhAratanAM bAramI sadInAM citromAM jovA maLatAM jAkITa jevuM ja A jAkITa jaNAya che. - A traNeya graMthonI nakala (hastaprati) lakhavAmAM samayanI daSTie jhAjhuM aMtara nahi hovAthI enAM citromAM khAsa noMdhapAtra zalibheda nathI. chatAM paNa pratyeka pothInAM citro, tatkAlIna kalAnA nItiniyamonI maryAdAmAM rahIne paNa, potapotAnuM AgavuM vyaktitva dharAve che. pakhaMDAgamanAM citronI saMyojanAmAM ghaNuMkharuM eka ja vyaktinuM citra maLe che, jyAre kaSAyapAhuDamAM traNathI pAMca AkRtio eka eka citramAM maLe che. sAmAnyarIte kaSAyapAhuDanAM citromAM vadhAre noMdhapAtra pArzvabhUmikA tema ja vadhAre vigato (elaboration) najare caDhe che." prAcIna citromAM be mukhya prakAranA bheda che : ekamAM rekhA upara bhAra mUkavAmAM Ave che, bIjAmAM varNa athavA raMganI mukhya madada levAya che. bIjA prakAramAM, jene Colour Modelling Style kahe che, temAM varNane ghero athavA Acho karI AkRtionA judA judA avayavone upasAvavAmAM Ave che. jADIpAtaLI thatI rekhAo vaDe paNa dehane upasAvavAno prayatna karavAmAM Avyo che (juo citro 3, 5 ) paNa keTalIka vakhate rekhAMkanazelI (Linear Technique)no Azraya levAmAM Avyo che ane emAM vizeSa karIne zarIranA aMgapratyaMgamAM atizayokti ane Asana athavA kAyasthitima asvAbhAvikatAnAM tatvo jovA maLe che. pakhaMDAgAmamAMnAM citro eka prakAre prabhAvazALI che ane
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________________ mUDabidrInA jaina bhaDAranA prAcIna tADapatrIya citraH 375 emAM dehanI vizALatA jovA maLe che. mahAbaMdhanI pratimAnAM citromAM dehanI AkRtinI AsapAsa jArI rekhAo dorI, je raMga AchopAtaLA karI upasAvI zakAya (Colour Modelling) te upasAvavA prayatna karyo che; rekhAo ne vaLAMka ApI dehanI jADAI darzAvavA prayatna karyo che (juo citra 3, 5). kaSAyapAhuDanI pratamAMnAM citromAM rekhAMkanazailI (Linear Technique)no vadhu upayoga thayo che. mukhadarzanamAM, bIjI bAjunA kapola ane gAlane dabAvI, te taraphanI AMkhane AkhI batAvavA jatAM. eno cheDo zarIranI AgaLa avakAzamAM nirAdhAra laTakato batAvyo ane dehanA aMgaprayaMganA citraNamAM atizayokti thatAM sapramANatAno abhAva Avyo. strInA payodharo moTA ane kaTipradeza vadhu paDato saMkucita batAvavAmAM Avela che (juo citra 2, 4). hAtha ane paga cItaravAmAM je eka prakAranI grAmyatA ke aNudhaDapaNuM dekhAya che te AvaDatanA abhAva karatAM ye vizeSe karIne to kalAkAranI manovRttinuM pariNAma che. A prakAranI bedarakArI mukhyatve zarIranA avayavonA cheDAnA bhAgomAM khAsa karIne dekhAya che. citromAM sthApatyanuM darzana najIvuM che. khAsa karIne traNa ke pAMca vaLAMkavALI kamAno maLe che, jenI nIce devIo AsanArUDha cItarelI che. keTalIka vakhate A kamAno vadhAre alaMkata dekhAya che. je tatkAlIna sthApatyonA anukaraNarUpa che. vRkSonuM Alekhana rUDhi mujabanuM che. eka prakAra mujaba vRkSanI vacamAM raktaraMgI biMdu ane cArekora khIlelAM pAMdaDAM che; bIjA prakAramAM vRkSanI Toca nAnAM gulAbonI banelI che (juo citra 4). trIjA prakAramAM meTAM vaLelAM pAMdaDAM zobhAmAM khUba vadhAro kare che. A citromAM ghero lIlo, pILo ane lAla raMga vAparyA che. rekhAMkanomAM kALo raMga vAparyo che. A citronI kaLA samakAlIna karNATakI zilponI kalA sAthe gADha saMbaMdha dharAve che e noMdhavuM joIe. alaMkaraNa athavA suzobhana rUpe vela(scroll) paTTInuM nirUpaNa, devadevIonAM mUrtividhAna, hAtha vagerenI mudrA athavA goThavaNI ane alaMkAro tathA ene paheravAnI Dhaba vagere tatkAlIna zilpo citromAM samAna che, ane ekamekano saMbaMdha puravAra kare che. zilpo tema ja citromAM siMhanI AkRti ekasarakhI rUTinI che. e dhyAnamAM rAkhavuM joIe ke bAramI sadImAMnAM kaTakI citro ane zilpa banne samAna dhArmika tema ja sauMdaryaviSayaka AdazoMthI prerAyela hatAM. aMtamAM, A citrakRtio kalAdaSTie mahAna na hovA chatAM paNa dakSiNa bhAratanI prAcIna citrakalAnA astitvasUcaka zeSamAtra namUnArUpa hoI mahattvanI che. atyArasudhI sabaLa purAvAnA abhAve AvI graMthastha citrakalAnuM astitva phakta kalpavAmAM ja AvatuM hatuM, paraMtu have muDabidrInI sacitra hastapratonI zodhathI A citrakalAnI paraMparAnI kaMIka jhAMkhI thAya che, ane e citro ApaNane vaibhavazALI tema ja gauravayukta bhUtakALanI jhAMkhI karAve che. vadhumAM, A citromAM gujarAta ane rAjasthAnanI pazcima bhAratanI citrakalAnI zailI sAthe anurUpa evAM keTalAMye to jovA maLe che. A citro citra ane zilpakaLAno paraspara gADha saMbaMdha darzAve che, ane pAchalA samaya daramiyAna dakSiNa bhAratamAM citrakalAno je vikAsa thayo tenAM purogAmI che.