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________________ 678 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana prantha : SaSThama khaNDa marAThI jaina sAhitya * DA0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara (mahAkozala kalA mahAvidyAlaya, jabalapura) mahArASTra meM jainoM kI saMkhyA lagabhaga pAMca lAkha hai| isa pradeza ke jJAta itihAsa ke prArambha se Aja taka nirantara jainoM kI sAMskRtika gatividhiyAM yahAM calatI rahI haiN| dhArAziva (usmAnAbAda jilA), elorA (auraMgAbAda jilA) Adi ke guhA mandira, aMjanerI (nAsika jilA), pAtUra (akolA jilA) Adi se prApta zilAlekha tathA AcArya vajrasena, kAlaka, pAdalipta, bhadrabAhu, puSpadanta, bhUtabali Adi kI kathAoM se isa pradeza meM janoM kI paramparA kA jJAna hotA hai / isa pradeza kI vartamAna bhASA marAThI hai / isake pUrvarUpa apabhraMza meM puSpadanta Adi kaviyoM kI vistRta racanAe~ prApta haiN| kintu unake bAda lagabhaga cAra sadiyoM meM likhita koI marAThI jaina racanA abhI nahIM milI hai| isa viSaya meM zodhakArya abhI nayA hai ataH AzA kara sakate haiM ki Age calakara yaha abhAva dUra ho skegaa| aba taka jJAta marAThI jaina sAhityikoM kI pahalI do pIr3hiyAM gujarAta ke IDara durga meM sthita bhaTTArakoM ke ziSyavarga meM jJAta huI haiN| inakA guru-ziSya sambandha nimnAMkita tAlikA se spaSTa hogA (koSThakoM meM marAThI racanAoM ke nAma haiN)| bhaTTAraka sakalakIti bhaTTAraka bhuvanakIrti brahma jinadAsa (jJAta varSa saMvat 1508 evaM 1520) ujjaMtakIrti jinadAsa (harivaMzapurANa) brahma zAntidAsa guNakIrti guNadAsa (zreNikacaritra) (padmapurANa Adi) kAmarAja 0 megharAja sUrijana (jasodhara rAsa) (sudarzanacaritra) (paramahaMsa kathA) ina lekhakoM kA racanAkAla sthUlata: san 1450 se 1500 taka kahA jA sakatA hai| brahma jinadAsa ke vistRta gujarAtI sAhitya se preraNA lekara prAcIna jaina kathAoM ko marAThI meM lAne kA udyoga inhoMne kiyaa| inameM se kevala harivaMzapurANa kartA jinadAsa ne apanA sthAna devagiri (daulatAbAda, auraMgAbAda ke pAsa) batAyA hai, zeSa kA sthAna ajJAta hai| isI prakAra kevala guNakIrti ne apanI jAti jaisavAla aura gotra puriyA batAyA hai, zeSa kA koI vyakti paricaya nahIM miltaa| Upara ullikhita bar3I racanAoM ke atirikta guNadAsa, guNakIrti, megharAja aura kAmarAja ke kucha choTe gIta bhI milate haiM / guNakIrti kI eka gadya racanA dharmAmRta hai jisameM zrAvakoM ke dharmAcaraNa kA upadeza hai / upayukta saba racanAe~ padyabaddha haiM jinameM marAThI ke lokapriya ovI chanda kA prayoga hai| paramahaMsa kathA meM kucha gadya aMza bhI haiM / padmapurANa kA eka aMza dvAdazAnuprekSA svatantra rUpa meM bhI milatA hai| guNakIti aura megharAja kI kucha gujarAtI racanAe~ bhI milatI haiN|
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________________ marAThI jaina sAhitya 676 kAraMjA (akolA jilA) meM san 1500 ke lagabhaga senagaNa aura balAtkAragaNa ke bhaTTArakoM ke pITha sthApita hue jinakI paramparA bIsavIM sadI taka calatI rhii| donoM ke ziSyavarga meM kaI marAThI lekhaka hue jinakI tAlikAeM Age dI jAtI haiM (marAThI racanAoM ke nAma koSThakoM meM haiN)| senagaNa ke bhaTTAraka mANikasena (san 1540) kucha pIDhiyoM ke bAda samantabhadra nAgo AyA (yazodharacaritra) (sthAna-akoTa, akolA jilA) chatrasena (AdIzvara bhavAntara) (san 1703) (sthAna-kAgala,) (kolhApura jilA) soyarA (karmASTamI kathA) (san 1746) (sthAna-deulagAva,) (bulaDhANA jilA) narendrasena zAntisena siddhasena tAnU paMDita (kucha AratiyAM) yamAsA (ravivAravrata kathA) (san 1751) (sthAna-vAsima, akolA jilA) lakSmIsena ratnakoti (upadezaratnamAlA) rAghava ratana (san 1813 sthAna-amarAvatI) (sphuTa racanAe~) (guru AratI) uparyukta racanAoM meM nAgo AyA aura soyarA kI kRtiyAM ovI chanda meM tathA zeSa vividha vRttoM meM haiN| soyarA ne apanI AdhArabhUta racanA kannar3a bhASA meM hone kI sUcanA dI hai| chatrasena kI kucha saMskRta aura hindI racanAe~ bhI milatI haiN| ratnakIrti kI upadezaratnamAlA sakalabhUSaNa kI saMskRta racanA para AdhArita hai| inhoMne nemidatta kI saMskRta racanA para AdhArita ArAdhanAkathAkoSa kA lekhana zurU kiyA thaa| ise unake ziSya candrakIrti ne pUrNa kiyaa| kAraMjA ke balAtkAragaNa kI paramparA ke lekhakoM kI tAlikA isa prakAra hai bhaTTAraka dharmabhUSaNa (san 1541) devendrakIti guNanandi (yazodharacaritra) (sthAna-moraMbapura, vartamAna meM isakI pahacAna nahIM huI hai) kumudacandra ajitakIrti vizAlakIti (dharma parIkSA) dharmacandra abhayakIrti (anantavrata kathA) (san 1616)
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________________ 650 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha : SaSThama khaNDa dharmabhUSaNa pAsakIti (sudarzanacaritra, san 1627) vizAlakIrti ajitakIti (agalI tAlikA dekheM) bhAnukIrti (kucha pada) dharmacandra dayAsAgara (samyaktvakaumudI,) (dharmAmRtapurANa,) (bhaviSyadattabandhudatta purANa) devendrakIrti gaMgAdAsa (pArzvanAtha bhavAntara Adi) (san 1660) dharmacandra jinasAgara (jIvandharapurANa Adi) (san 1734) devendrakIrti papanandi mahatisAgara (svargavAsa san 1832) (saMbodhasahasrapadI Adi) devendrakIti dilasukha (svAtmavicAra) upayukta lekhakoM meM pAsalIti kA mUla nAma vIradAsa thaa| inake kucha gIta bhI mile haiN| ye aura inake ziSya auraMgAbAda meM guru dvArA niyukta hue the| gaMgAdAsa kI kucha saMskRta aura hindI racanAeM bhI milatI haiM / jinasAgara kI nau kathAe~, sAta stotra tathA sAta AratiyAM bhI milI haiN| inhoMne bhI saMskRta aura hindI meM kucha racanAe~ likhI haiN| mahatisAgara kI cAra kathAeM milI haiN| gaMgAdAsa, jinasAgara aura mahatisAgara ne vividha chandoM meM khikhA hai / zeSa lekhakoM ne ovI chanda kA prayoga kiyA hai| uparyukta tAlikA meM ullikhita dharmabhUSaNa-ziSya ajitakIti kI paramparA lAtUra (usmAnAbAda jilA) kSetra meM kAphI vistRta huii| isakI tAlikA isa prakAra hai ajitakIti vizAlakIti (rukmiNIvrata kathA) puNyasAgara (ravivrata kathA) cimanA paMDita (anantavrata kathA Adi) (sthAna-paThana, auraMgAbAda jilA) padmakIrti mahIcandra (AdinAthapurANa) (samyaktvakaumudI Adi) (san 1696) sAbAjI (sugandhadazamI kathA) (san 1665) vidyAbhUSaNa hemakIti
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________________ devendra kIrti (kAlikApurANa) zAntikIti I kalyANakIrti 1 guNakIti candrakIrti mANikanandi I janArdana (zreNikacaritra, san 1775) mahIbhUSaNa mahAkIti I ( zIlapatAkA) ajita kIrti 1 anIti marAThI jaina sAhitya saTavA ( zivAne misaMvAda) I 681 ( dazalakSaNavrata kathA ) I bhImacandra (guru bAratI) uparyukta tAlikA meM ullikhita vimanA paMDita ke kaI choTe gIta bhI haiM inakI munisuvrata vinatI hindI meM hai| mahIcandra kI Upara ullikhita bar3I racanAoM ke atirikta kucha kathAe~, stotra, gIta aura AratiyA~ bhI haiN| inakA kAlI- gorI saMvAda hindI meM hai| yahA~ ullikhita gIta vividha chandoM meM haiM, purANa aura kathAeM ovI chanda meM haiM / makaranda (rAmaTeka) ( varNana ) senagaNa kI eka paramparA kolhApura meM bhI thii| isake bhaTTAraka jinasena kI tIna racanAe~ jambUsvAmIpurANa, upadezaratnamAlA tathA puNyAstravapurANa (san 1821 se 1826) prApta haiM / inake ziSya girisuta ThakApA kA pANDava purANa (san 1850 ) prApta hai / ye saba grantha ovI chanda meM haiM / ina pramukha paramparAoM se sambaddha lekhakoM ke atirikta bhI kucha lekhaka haiN| inameM dAmA paMDita kA jambUsvAmIcaritra (san 1675 ke karIba ) tathA lakSmIcandra kI meghamAlAvrata evaM jinarAtrivrata kI kathAe~ (san 1728 ) tathA kavIndra sevaka ke abhaMga pramukha haiM / lagabhaga cAraMsI varSoM ke samaya meM (san 1450 se 1850) racita ina racanAoM ke viSaya unake nAmoM se spaSTa haiN| adhikatara saMskRta, gujarAtI aura kannar3a kI kathAoM ko marAThI meM lAne kA prayAsa huaa| prasaMgavaMza kucha tattvacarcA, AcaraNa sambandhI upadeza Adi bhI inameM prApta hote haiN| varNana vistAra meM rocakatA kI dRSTi se zra eNika, yazodhara, sudarzana, jIvaMdhara kI kathAe~ acchI haiN| inameM se kaI grantha isa zatAbdI ke prArambha meM chape the kintu susaMpAdita na hone ke kAraNa marAThI sAhitya ke itihAsa lekhakoM kA dhyAna unakI ora nahIM gyaa| usa samaya jaina aura jainetara paMDitoM meM samparka na hone se bhI aisA huA / vigata do dazakoM meM solApura kI jIvarAja granthamAlA ne isa sAhitya ke sampAdana aura prakAzana meM acchA yoga diyA hai| zrI subhASacandra akkole kA isa viSaya para zodha-prabandha 'prAcIna marAThI jaina sAhitya' suvicAra prakAzana maMDala, pUnA-nAgapura ne prakAzita kiyA hai| adhika vivaraNa jAnane ke lie vidvAnoM ko use dekhanA caahie| mAdhunika marAThI meM jaMga lekhakoM kI racanAe~ vividha rUpoM meM prakAzita huI hai| sonApura ke seTha hIrAcanda nemIcanda dozI ne san 1884 meM jaina bodhaka mAsika patra ke prakAzana se isa kArya kA zubhArambha kiyA / yaha patra aba sAptAhika rUpa meM cala rahA hai| dUsarA dIrghajIvI patra pragati jinavijaya dakSiNa mahArASTra jaina sabhA kA mukhapatra hai jo san 1901 meM zurU huA thA bAhubalI (jilA kolhApura) se zrI mANikacanda mausIkara ke sampAdana meM mAsika sammati ne gata varSa apanI rajata jayantI mnaaii| kucha patrikAe~ kucha varSa hI cala pAI kintu apane samaya meM unakA kAphI mahattva rhaa| inameM jaina vidyAdAnopadeza prakAza, varSA (1892), jaina bhAskara, vardhA (1868), vande jinavaram, bArzI (1908 ) sumati, varSA (112), jaina bhAgyodaya, prabhAvanA ( inakA nizcita varSa jJAta nahIM huA) ullekhanIya hai| atizIghra kavi
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________________ * 682 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha : SaSThama khaNDa mArutirAva DAMge kI 'zrI puSkaramuni jI jIvana ANi vicAra gaMgA' eka sarvazreSTha racanA hai| isameM vividha chandoM meM upAdhyAya zrI puSkaramuni jI ke jIvana aura vicAra para gaharAI se cintana kiyA gayA hai / kavi kI pratApa pUrNa pratimA ke sarvatra saMdarzana hote haiN| AcAryapravara Ananda RSijI mahArAja paM0 pravara siremala jI mahArAja, paM0 pravara vinayacanda jI mahArAja, devendra muni jI zAstrI ke lekha va pustakeM marAThI sAhitya meM prakAzita huI haiM / rAjendra muni zAstrI kI 'bhagavAna 'mahAvIra jIvana ANi darzana' laghu kRti hone para bhI mahAvIra ke jIvana-darzana ko samajhane meM atyanta upayogI hai| seTha hIrAcanda nemIcanda ne purAtana saMskRta granthoM ke anuvAda kArya kA bhI zubhAraMbha 'ratnakaraNDa' se kiyA / madhyayugIna lekhakoM ne jahA~ bhAvAnuvAda kI paddhati apanAI thI vahA~ Adhunika anuvAdakoM ne zabdazaH anuvAda ko mahattva diyaa| mahApurANa, AptamImAMsA Adi aneka granthoM kA anuvAda kallAppA zAstrI niTave, kolhApura ne prakAzita kiyaa| anuvAda granthoM kI sUcI kAphI lambI hai, jo vistArabhaya se nahIM dI jA rahI hai| kucha anuvAdakoM ne vistRta vyAkhyA kI zailI apnaaii| paM0 jinadAsa zAstrI phaDakule kI dazabhakti aura svayambhUstotra kI vyAkhyAeM ullekhanIya haiM / Apane anya aneka granyoM ke anuvAda kiye haiN| Adhunika samIkSAtmaka vyAkhyA kA sundara udAharaNa zrI bAbagauMDA pATIla kA ratnakaraNDa kA saMskaraNa hai / paM0 phaDakule kI padyAnuvAda meM vizeSa ruci hai / padyapurANa, AdipurANa Adi kA unhoMne padya meM anuvAda kiyA hai / dUsare ullekhanIya padyAnuvAdaka zrI motIcanda gAMdhI 'ajJAta' haiM / kundakunda, pUjyapAda, yogIndu Adi AcAryoM ke granthoM kA Apane padya meM anuvAda kiyA hai| hariSeNa kathAkoza, kurala kAvya Adi kA gadya anuvAda bhI Apane kiyA hai / hAla ke kucha varSoM meM paM. dhanyakumAra bhore ke samayasAra aura pravacanasAra ke anuvAda ullekhanIya haiN| jainetaroM aura janadharma ke prArambhika jijJAsuoM ke lie sarala paricaya ke rUpa meM kucha granthoM kI racanA huI jinameM zrI rAvajI nemacanda zahA kA jaina dharmAdarza ullekhanIya hai / 50 kailAzacandra kA 'jainadharma' aura DA. hIrAlAlajI kA 'bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma' kA yogadAna bhI marAThI meM anuvAdita hue haiM / bAlakoM ke lie kramabaddha adhyayana kI dRSTi se seTha rAvajI sakhArAma dozI ke bAlabodha jainadharma ke cAra bhAga kaI dazakoM taka upayukta siddha hue haiM / pAThya pustakoM ke rUpa meM chahaDhAlA, dravyasaMgraha, ratnakaraNDa, tattvArthasUtra ke kaI marAThI saMskaraNa nikale haiN| bAla pAThakoM ke lie jaina itihAsa kI aneka kathAe~ zrI magadUma kI vIra granthamAlA, sAMgalI se prakAzita huii| hAla ke varSoM meM zrI sumera jaina, solApUra ne karakaNDu Adi aneka kathAoM kA lalita marAThI rUpa prastuta kiyA hai / jIvarAja granthamAlA ne bhI zrI akkole kI mahAmAnava sudarzana, parAkramI varAMga Adi kathAe~ prakAzita kI haiM / hamane kuvalayamAlA kathA kA marAThI sArarUpAntara kiyA jo sanmati prakAzana, bAhubalI se prakAzita huA hai / purAtana kathAoM ko kAvya ke rUpa meM bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa dizA meM zrI dattAtraya raNadive ne vartamAna zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM kAphI khyAti prApta kI / ApakI gajakumAracarita, kulabhUSaNa dezabhUSaNacarita Adi kavitAe~ prakAzita huii| Apane svatantra kathAoM para aneka upanyAsa bhI likhe / vigata do dazakoM meM zrI jayakumAra kSIrasAgara ne jIvandharacarita Adi kAvya grantha likhe haiN| kavitA ke mAdhyama se dharmatattvoM kI carcA kA eka ullekhanIya prayAsa solApUra kI paMDitA sumatibAI zahA kI 'AdigItA' meM milatA hai / nATakoM ke rUpa meM bhI kucha kathAeM prastuta huI hai| inameM zrI nemacanda cavaDe racita suzIla manoramA, zrI gaNapata cavaDe racita garvaparihAra Adi isa zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM chape the| vigata do dazakoM meM bhI ratnAcI pArakha (zrI sumera jaina), zIla samrAjJI (zrI hemacandra jaina) Adi nATaka prakAzita hue haiM / gAyana ke lie upayogI padoM kI kaI choTI-choTI pustakeM bhI likhI gaI / inameM 'ratnatraya mArga pradIpa','jina padyAvalI' (anantarAja pAMgala), jaina bhajanAmRta padyAvalI (tAtyAsAhaba copaDe), jinapadyakusumamAlA (mANikasAvajI khaMDAre), padyakusumAvalI (zAMtinAtha kaTake) Adi ullekhanIya haiN| Adhunika marAThI jaina sAhitya kA pUrA lekhA-jokhA to zramasAdhya kArya hai, phira bhI hamane jahAM taka saMbhava ho sakA pramukha pravRttiyoM kA paricaya dene kA prayatna kiyA hai| para yahA~ eka bAta smaraNa rakhanI cAhie ki marAThI sAhitya kI zrI vRddhi meM jitanA digambara paramparA ke vidvAnoM kA yogadAna rahA hai usI taraha zvetAmbara paramparA ke manISiyoM kA bhI yoga rahA hai, para mujhe zvetAmbara sAhitya ke sambandha meM vizeSa parijJAna na hone se unakA maiM yahAM para paricaya nahIM de sakA hU~ ataH kSamAprArthI huuN| isI prakAra purAnI marAThI ke lekhakoM kI bhI pUrI gaNanA yahA~ nahIM kI gaI hai choTI-choTI racanAoM ke lekhakoM kA ullekha chor3a diyA gayA hai / AzA hai ki isa sAmAnya paricaya se jaina sAhitya ke vizAla marAThI ke yogadAna kI kucha pratIti ho skegii|