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________________ bhagavAna mahAvIranI dharmakathAo ane bhagavAna mahAvIranA daza upAsake ramaNIka zAha 1. bhagavAna mahAvIranI dharmakathAo (nAyadhammakahA) anu. paM. becaradAsa dezI, paMjAbhAI jaina graMthamALA-3, gUjarAta vidyApITha, amadAvAda. A. 1 (1931) A. 2 (1950) 2. bhagavAna mahAvIranA daza upAsake (uvA sagadasAo) anuM. paM. becaradAsa dozI, pUMjAbhAI jaina graMthamALA-4, gUrjara graMtharatna kAryAlaya, amadAvAda. A. 1 (1931) bhagavAna mahAvIranA maulika dharmopadezanI saMkalanA karI temanA gaNadharoe je vividha sUtrorUpe gUMthaNa karI te bAra graMthe dvAdazAMgI ke gaNipiTaka tarIke oLakhAya che. A dvAdazAMgInuM aMtima "daSTivAda' nAmaka aMga lupta thayela che. bAkInA agiyAra aMga graMthe ane bIjA paNa mahattvapUrNa prAcIna jaina graMthone anuvAda gujarAtI bhASAmAM tajajJo pAse karAvI prakAzita karAvavAnuM kArya gUjarAta vidyApIThe AjathI lagabhaga pacAsa varSa pUrve upADayuM hatuM. pUMjAbhAI jaina graMthamALA nAme prakAzita thayelI A anuvAda graMthanI zreNImAM sau prathama I. sa. 1931mAM paM. becaradAsajIe anuvAdita karela chaThThA ane sAtamA aMga graMtha "nAyadhammakahA" ane "uvAsagadasAo" krame "bhagavAna mahAvIranI dhamakathAo" ane "bhagavAna mahAvIranA dasa upAsake" e nAme prakAzita thayelA. kathAo, daSTAMti, subhASito ane mahApuruSonA jIvanaprasaMgone dareka kALanA dharmanA sthApaka tathA anya dharmapracArake ke dharmAcAryo dharmopadezane eka AkarSaka sAdhana tarIke upayoga karatA AvyA che. vedathI laIne Aja sudhInA bhAratIya dhArmika sAhityamAM najara nAkhIe ke bhArata bahAra pravartelA khristI-muslima va. dharmonA dharmagraMthomAM najara nAkhIe te dharmopadeza mATe racAyelI aneka kathAo ApaNuM dhyAna kheMcaze. bhAratanuM prAcIna kathAsAhitya to bedhaka dhArmika sAhitya ja che. mahAbhArata ane rAmAyaNa enAM jvalaMta daSTAMta che. bauddha dharmamAM bodhakathAo rUpe jAtaka kathAonuM sthAna advitIya che. bhagavAna mahAvIre paNa pitAne dharmasaMdeza sAmAnya janone pahoMcADavA jema janabhASAnuM AlaMbana lIdhuM hatuM tevI ja rIte e saMdeza sAmAnya janenAM hRdayamAM utAravA kathAo-daSTAMto-subhASito Adino Azraya lIdhe hato. jJAtAdharmakathA ane uttarAdhyayanasUtra jevA graMthe bhagavAna mahAvIranI AvI kathanAtmaka vyAkhyAnazailInA suMdara udAharaNe che. samagra jaina sAhityanuM prAcInae viSayanI daSTie cAra vibhAgo - anugamAM vibhAjana karyuM che 1, caraNakaraNanuga-jemAM AcAraviSayaka sAhityane samAveza thAya che. 2. dharmakathAnuyoga
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________________ ramaNIka rAha jemAM beAdhaka kathAo, caritra Adi samAveza thAya che. 3. gaNitAnuyAga--jemAM gaNita-jyAtiSa Adi viSayaka sAhityA samAveza thAya che ane 4, dravyAnuyoga - jemAM danaviSayaka sAhityanA samAveza thAya che. Ama dha kathAnuyAgarUpe eka samagra vibhAganuM nirUpaNa karyuM che je darzAve che, ke jaina sAhityamAM dharmakathAnuM keTaluM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hatuM. jJAtAdharmakathA ane upAsakadazA A banne gra MthA uparokta dha kathAnuyoganA prAcInatama graMtha gaNI zakAya. vaLI e mane bhagavAna mahAvIranA upadeza ane jIvana sAthe saMkaLAyelA che. bannenu viSayavastu krame joIe-- nAdhammakahA ( saM. jJAtAdharmakathA athavA sAtRdharmakathA)nA nAmanI samajUtI e rIte ApI zakAya. eka tA jJAta eTale dRSTAMtA ke udAharA ane dharmakathAe e banne jemAM che te nAtadharma kathA. bIjI samajUtI paDitajIe Apela nAma mujaba jJAtR ke jJAtA eTale mahAvIra ane temaNe kahelI dha kathAe eTale jJAtu ke jJAtAdharmakathA. khate ahIM sarakhI rIte ghaTAvI zakAya che. 5 jJAtAdharmakathA athavA bhagavAna mahAvIranI dharmakathAonA e zrutaska Mdha eTale ke bhAga che. pahelA zrutaskaMdhamAM 19 adhyayanAmAM nAnImoTI 19 kathAe ke dRSTAMtA ApelAM che. AmAM zramaNujIvananA Avazyaka guNA jevAM ke samabhAva ane sahanazakti keLavavA zA mATe jarUrI che ane kema keLavavA ene lagatI traNa kathAe (1lI paga UMcA karyAM, 11 mI dAvavanA jhADa ane 17 mI gheADA ), zramaNNAe sAvadhAna rahI, apramattapaNe mAtra zarIranA pASaNane mATe ja AhAra-sevana karavuM ene lagatI traNu kathA ( rajI e sAthe khAMdhyA, 4 thI khe kAcabA, 18 mI suMsumA), ahiMsA Adi mULa guNAmAM zaMkA na karavAno upadeza ApatI e kathAe ( 3 jI e IMDA, 9 mI mAMdI ), AcAranI zithilatAthI thatA ana vize eka kathA ( 5 mI zailaka RSi), AtmAnI unnati ane adhogatinA kAraNeA ApatuM dRSTAMta (6 ThThuM adhyayana-tu MbaDuM), zramaNAne yAgya guNeAnI samajUtI ApatI e kathAe (7 rAhiNI, 10 caMdramA), strIjIvanamAM carama AtmAtinI zakacatA darzAvatI mallinI kathA ( 8 malli ), sadAcAra ane gRhastha dharma darzAvatI eka kathA (12 pANI ), Asakti ane anA sakti viSe 4 kathAeka ( 13 deDakA, 14 amAtya taiyali, 15 nadIphaLa ane 16-avaraka kA-draupadInI kathA ). Ama moTA bhAge zramaNeAnA jIvanamAM upayAgI guNNA ane te keLavavA mATenA medha ApatI kathAe kAI rUpaka, daSTAMta ke kathAnaka dvArA ApavA dhArele khAdha sahaja rIte ApI de che. khIjA zrutaska MdhamAM strIo dvArA sacamapAlananI zithilatA ane tenA mAThAM pariNAme vize eka ja sarakhI aneka kathAe ApavAmAM AvI che. vAsagadasA'nA anuvAda paMDitajIe 'bhagavAna mahAvIranA daza upAsA' e zIrSaka taLe ApyA che. prAkRta vAsaga' eTale upAsaka', prAcIna samayamAM gRhastha dharmAnuyAyIne mATe upAsaka zabda vaparAtA, bauddhomAM paNu e ja zabda e ja arthamAM vaparAyela che. pachInA samayamAM upAsakane mATe zrAvaka zabda pracalita thayA, je atyAre paNa vaparAzamAM che. ( uvAsagadasAe' athavA bhagavAna mahAvIranA daza upAsA'mAM bhagavAnanA anuyAyI evA dRza upAsa (zrAvA ke gRhasthA )nA jIvananI dhArmika bAjunI jhAMkhI karAvavAmAM AvI che. pratrajita thaIne je saMsAra tyAgI zake nahIM athavA je gRhasthajIvana cheDayA vinA paNa dharmamaya AcaraNa karavA mAgatA heya temane mATe jaina dharmImAM sthULatAnI yAjanA che. ahiMsA, satya Adi mahAvratAnu' maryAti pAlana te sthULannata. AvAM pAMca sthULatratAnI sAthe ja gRhasthajIvananA bhogapabhAgane maryA.
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________________ bhagavAna mahAvIranI dharmakathAo ane daza upAsake dita karatA bIjA zikSAdi vrata jeDIne gRhasthanA bAra vrato nizcita karavAmAM AvyA che. ahIM AvA grahasthavrata pALa tArA AnaMda Adi daza zrAvakonA Adarza jIvana darzAvAyAM che. A daza daza upAsake khUba ja samRddhizALI ane vyavahArakuzaLa vaizyo ane tatkAlIna samAjanA pratiSThita nAgariko che. mahAvIranA anuyAyI banI teo gRhasthanA vrata aMgIkAra kare che. temAM temane vinA naDe che chatAM nizcaLa rahe che ane uttarottara vadhu dharmAbhimukha bane che. emanAM udAharaNa ApI bhagavAna mahAvIra pitAne zramaNa samudAyane daDhatAmAM emane anusaravAnI salAha Ape che. A mULa aMga graMthe ArSa prAkRta eTale ke ardhamAgadhImAM ane viziSTa zailImAM racAyelAM che. bhagavAna mahAvIranI dharmakathAo'nI prastAvanAmAM kAkAsAheba kAlelakare spaSTa karyuM che tema anuvAdano uddeza maLa graMtha AgaLa rAkhI te zIkhavAmAM vidyArthIone madada thAya tevo nathI, paNa sAmAnya vAcakane jaina AgamamAM AvelI vastu prAmANika anuvAdamAM ja sIdhI rIte maLI zake te che. AthI ahIM mULane zabdazaH anuvAda ApavAmAM nathI AvyA. Agama graMthomAM atratatra aneka vastunuM punarAvartana thayAM kare che. vaLI bhagavAna mahAvIra, Arya sudharmA, pariSada, dharmadezanA, rAjAo rANIo, sArthavAha, upAsaka-upAsikAo, citya, nagara, dIkSA, kaLAgrahaNa Adi aneka viSaya tyAM Ave tyAM taddana ekasarakhuM ja varNana ApI devAmAM Ave che. moTA bhAge AvA rUDha varNano je varNa ke tarIke oLakhAya che - nA AdiaMtanA betraNa zabdo bAkInuM varNana "varaNae.' eTale ke pUrvavarNana pramANe evI sUcanA ApI cheDI devAya che. A anuvAdamAM AvA vAraMvAra AvatA varNanane TALavAmAM AvyA che tathA punarAvartita lAgatI ke pIchapeSaNarUpa lAgatI sAmagrIne anuvAda nathI karavAmAM AvyuM. Ama A anuvAda bhAvAnuvAda che. mULa graMthane Azaya spaSTa thAya, mULanI kAI Avazyaka vigata rahI na jAya ane arthatatvanI prAmANikatAne AMca na Ave tathA kathAnI saLaMgasUtratA jokhamAya nahIM tenI jhINavaTabharI kALajI laI paMDitajIe A anuvAda taiyAra karyo che. bane graMthamAM mULa sUtramAM AvatA aitihAsika ane bhaugolika nAmo tathA jaina AcAranA pAribhASika zabdo upara tulanAtmaka Ti5Na pariziSTarUpe ApavAmAM Avela che. tathA aMte anuvAdamAM vaparAyela kaThina zabda koza ApavAmAM Avela che. je sAmAnya vAcakane mATe paNa anuvAdane samajavAnuM taddana saraLa banAve che. TipaNumAM ApelI etihAsika-bhaugolika sAmagrI paMDitajInI vedhaka tulanAtmaka dRSTinI paricAyaka che ane bhAratIya saMskRtinA abhyAsIone mATe mabalakha mAhitI pUrI pADe che. AjathI pacAsa varSa pUrve bhagavAna mahAvIranI dharmakathAo'nI prastAvanAmAM kAkAsAhebe prastuta anuvAda ane anuvAdaka vize lakhyuM che- AvA graMthane lIdhe jaina AgamAnuM maulika adhyayana vadhe ane AkhA samAjamAM dharmacarcA ane dharma jAgRtine calana maLe evI apekSA rAkhelI che. ane eTalA ja khAtara, jemaNe Akho jamAne jaina dharmazAstronA adhyayana pAchaLa gALyo che evA paMDita becaradAsanI A anuvAda mATe janA karI che. mULa zAstra pratye ananya zraddhA ane sAMpradAyika saMkucitatAno abhAva A be guNone lIdhe temanuM kAma haMmeza AdaraNaya gaNAyuM che.' A zabda atyAranA saMdarbhamAM paNa eTalA ja sAcA che. prastuta ane graMthe varSothI aprApya che. baMnenuM punarmudraNa thAya te Avazyaka che.