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________________ [ sva: mohanalAla boThiyA smRti grantha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samasAmayika mahApuruSa ___ - sohanarAja koThArI vizva-itihAsa meM IsA se pAMca yA chaH zatAbdI pUrva kA samaya atyadhika mahatva rakhatA hai| usa samaya rahasyamayI zaktioM evaM prakRti kI vicitratAoM se vismita manuSya ke ciMttana meM eka nayA pariSkAra evaM praur3hatA A rahI thI aura kriyAkANDo va unase janajIvana ko niyaMtrita karane vAle vibhinna samudAya ke prati vizva meM sabhI ora se vidroha prakaTa ho rahA thaa| usa kAla meM bhArata, cIna va yunAna Adi unnata rASTo meM kaI mahApuruSoM kA avataraNa huA jinhone vyakti kI garimA ko svataMtra rUpa se sthApita kara navIna darzano va mAnadaMDoM kI sthApanA kii| vyakti ke vicAra va AcaraNa se sarvocca sthAna prApta karane ke navInatama saMdeza ne na kevala tAtkAlika cintana ko hI mor3a diyA apitu vaha Ane vAle yugo-yugo taka preraNAtmaka banA jisakA sahaja pariNAma yaha huA ki ve mahApuruSa Aja kaI zatAbdiyoM ke pazcAta bhI jana-mAnasa kI athAha AsthA va zraddhA ke strota vanakara use Alokita kara rahe bhArata meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samasAmayika mahApuruSa bhagavAna buddha hue, cIna meM lAotse va kAMgapacatsI hue, yUnAna meM pAithegorasa, aphalAtuna va sukarAta hue va IrAna meM jarayustha kA janma huaa| ina sabhI mahApuruSo kI vicAradhArAeM sampurNataH bilkula samAna na bhI rahI hoM kintu unake vicAroM kA sthAyitva va prabhAva Aja bhI vizva meM lagabhaga samAna rUpa se hai| isa lekha meM ina sabhI mahApurUSo ke vicAroM evaM gatividhiyoM kA pUrA vivaraNa denA to saMbhava nahIM hogA, parantu saMkSipta digdarzana pAThakoM ke lie vistRta tulanAtmaka adhyayana va samIkSA kA AdhAra bana sake isa lie unake jIvana ke AdarzoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| 8 2010_03
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________________ darzana-digdarzana bhagavAna buddha bhArata meM janma lekara yahIM vicaraNa karane vAle isa mahApuruSa kI yazogAthA bhArata ke bAhara cIna, jApAna, koriyA, maMgoliyA, barmA, thAIlaiMDa, hindacIna, zrIlaMkA Adi dezoM meM Aja hajAroM varSoM se akSuNNa hai| IsA se lagabhaga 560 varSa pUrva vaisAkhI pUrNimA ke dina isa mahApurUSa kA janma vartamAna bihAra ke kapilavastu nagara meM rAjA zuddhodhana ke ghara huaa| aizvarya evaM bhautika sukha-samRddhi ke tamAma sAdhana upalabdha hote hue bhI isa rAjakumAra ko lubhA nahIM ske| vRddhAvasthA, bImArI evaM mauta kI maMDarAtI chAyA se ve sihara uThe va janatA ko ina asAdhya duHkhoM se chuTakArA dilAne ke lie ve chaTapaTA uThe - 26 barSa kI bharI javAnI meM ve apanI dharmapatnI yazodharA, ikalaute putra rAhula va rAjya ko chor3akara duHkha ke kAraNa va samAdhAnakA cetana karane ke lie abhi niSkramita ho gae, yoga, samAdhi va anAhAra kI sAdhanAo me ve varSoM lage rahe para icchita phala na mila skaa| eka svara unake kAno me phUTa par3A - vINA ke tAroM ko DhIlA mata chor3a do, surIlA zabda nahI nikalegA, para tAroM ko itanA kabhI bhI mata khIco ki ve TUTa jaaye| basa, rAstA mila gyaa| ve niyamita AhAra vihAra aura madhyama mArga se yoga sAdhanA me laga ge| 35 barSa kI avasthA me bodhivRkSa ke nIce unhe bodhi prApta huii| usake bAda ve apane vicAroM kA prasAraNa karane nikala pdd'e| duHkha, usake kAraNa va nivAraNa ke lie unhone aSTAMgika mArga sujhAyA jisakA hArda isa prakAra hai - (1) samyaka jJAna (2) samyaka saMkalpa (3) samyaka vacana (4) samyaka karmANa (hiMsA, durAcaraNa se bacanA), (5) samyaka AjIva (nyAyapUrNa jIvikA calAnA), (6) samyaka dhyAyAma (satakarma ke lie satata udyoga), (7) samyaka smRti - lobha Adi cita saMtApo se bacanA, (8) samyaka samAdhi - rAgadveSa rahita citta kI ekaagrtaa| isa ASTAMgika ArAdhanA se prajJA kA udaya hotA hai jisakA phalita hai nirvANa arthAta tRSNA ko bujhAnA, vAsanAoM kA chUTanA, duHkha kA nivaarnn| bhagavAna buddha ne dharma ke pracAra ke lie bhikSu-bhikSuNI saMgha kI sthApanA kI jisame sahasroM mumukSu dIkSita hue jinhone satya, ahiMsA, prema, karUNA, sevA aura tyAga se paripUrita jIvana vyatIta va logoM ko aisA hI jIvana bitAne kI prabala preraNA dii| IsA sana 486 varSa pUrva bhagavAna ne kusInagara meM mahAparinirvANa prApta kiyaa| 2010_03
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________________ sva: mohanalAla bAThiyA smRti grantha prabhu jarathustra IsA se 600 varSa pUrva pUrvI IrAna va kespiyana samudra ke dakSiNa-pazcima sthita mAr3iyA nAma kI jAti ke magI nAyaka gotra meM purohito ke ghara me jarathustra kA janma huaa| inake jIvana ke tIsa varSoM kA pUrA vivaraNa nahIM miltaa| yUnAna ke vaikTiyA rAjya ke rAjA vIratAspa para inake upadezoM kA acchA asara par3A aura usane inakI bhAvanA deza-videza meM phailaaii| sattara varSa kI Ayu meM jaba balakha meM mandira kI vedI para prArthanA kara rahe the to unake virodhiyo ne inapara hamalA bola diyA va inakI bali le lii| inase pArasI dharma kI sthApanA huI jisakA pavitra Adarza hai - humata (sadavicAra), hUrakta (satyavacana) evaM hurazta (stkrm)| isa dharma meM Izvara kI upAsanA kI jAtI hai jo 'ahuramajda' (jar3a aura cetana jagata kA svAmI) ke nAma se pukArA jAtA hai| inake anusAra Izvara ne sata kI racanA krii| aura satya hI jIvana hai, prakAza hai, sabhI sadaguNoM kA samAveza hai| asata isakA viloma hai| manuSya ko cAhiye vaha satya ko grahaNa kare va asata kA tyAga kre| Izvara (ahuramajda) ke sAta pramukha aMga mAne gae hai :- (1) vahamana (bhakti) (2) apavahizta (pavitratA, satya jJAna-mArga ) (3) zaha khaMma (zakti, sAmarthya karma mArga) (4) svedAramata (namratA, vizvAsa) (5) svaradAta -pUrNatA (6) amaradAta (amaratA) (7) ahUramajda (parama prbhu)| pArasiyoM kA dharmagrantha hai avestA jo prabhu jarathustra kI vANI kA saMkalana hai| sArI gAthAeM upayukta sAta aMgoM ke vistRta vivecana ko samAhita kiye hue hai| mahAtmA lAotse Aja se aDhAI hajAra varSa pUrva cIna ke tcyu pradeza meM lI parivAra meM lAotse kA janma huaa| kahate hai ki paidA hote samaya lAotse ke bAla sapheda the jisase logoM ko lagA ki vaha asAdhAraNa buddhi vAlA hogaa| cAlIsa varSa bItane ke bAda lAotse ko 'koo' ke sarakArI gupta rikArDa ke rakSaka kI naukarI milii| vaha nirlipta bhAva se apane kAma meM lagA rhaa| vaha niyuktimArgI thaa| dhyAna, cintana, manana usakA janmajAta svabhAva thaa| usake sIdhe-sAde sarala vyaktitva se dAMva-kapaTa bilkula achUte the va rAjanIti ke dAMva-peMcoM se use virakti ho gaI - vaha rAjya chor3akara calA gayA para kvAniyana darre ke dvArapAla ne use roka diyA - unake prema bhare Agraha ko TAlA nahIM jA skaa| usa mahApurUSa ne 466 vacano kI pAMca hajAra zabdoM meM 'tAo-teha-kiga- nAmaka pustaka kI racanA kI jo Aja bhI tAo dharma 25000005888888868 2010_03
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________________ darzana-digdarzana me upaniSadoM kI taraha pUjI jAtI hai / 'kRti rahe para kartA na rahe' isa nirahaMkAra bhAvanA se anuprANita lAoste ke jIvana va kAryo kI ThIka-ThIka jAnakArI nahI milatI para usakI kRti amara hai| isa racanA ke bAda lAotse kahAM calA gayA, isakA koI patA nhiiN| tAo dharma meM Izvara ko asIma agrAhya, acintya, anAma, sarala evaM pUrNa kahA gayA hai va tIna anamola cIjoM se janatA ko cipake rahane kI preraNA dI gaI hai| ve haiM mArdava, parimitatA evaM vinyshiiltaa| prema kI vyApakatA, poSakatA va zreSThatA meM vinA mahattvAkAMkSA ke samAhita sabhI mAnavIya guNoM ke vikAsa meM tAo vAda kA bhArI yogadAna rahA hai| saMta kAMgaphayUtsI cIna meM lU nAmaka pradeza meM zAU vaMza meM IsA se 551 varSa pUrva isa mahApuruSa kA janma huA thaa| unnIsa varSa kI avasthA meM sarakArI bhaMDArI kI naukarI mila gii| vivAha bhI ho gayA va eka varSa bAda pitA bana ge| naukarI karate hue bhI ve itihAsa, kavitA, saMgIta Adi kA adhyayana karate va pratidina sAyaMkAla jijJAsuoM ko samAdhAna dete| bAda meM ve adhyApaka bana gae va cauMtIsa varSa kI umra meM vidyAlaya kholA jisame tIna hajAra vidyArthI zikSA prApta karate the| 52 sAla ke hue taba logoM ne inhe cuMgata kA zAsaka banA diyaa| inhone bar3A acchA zAsana kiyA va prajA atyanta sukhI huii| inakI isa khyAti se lu ke rAjA ne inheM aparAdha-mantrI banA diyaa| para par3osI rAjAoM ko isa rAjya kI samRddhi se IrSyA ho gii| unhone lu rAjA ko bhoga-vilAsa meM phaMsA diyaa| kAMgaphayUtsI rAjya chor3a kara cale ge| teraha sAla bhaTakate rahe va janatA ko upadeza dete rhe| 73 varSako avasthA meM IsA se 478 varSa pUrva dehAnta ho gyaa| samUce rASTra meM zoka manAyA gyaa| varSoM taka inheM sammAna milA va Aja bhI hai| ___kAMgaphayUtsI ne mAnavIya guNoM para sabase adhika jora diyaa| ve prajA, nyAya, saralatA sabake hita, sabake kalyANa, sadavRtti ke vikAsa para bala dete the| unakI pAMca mukhya bAteM hai, prema, nyAya, namratA, viveka, iimaandaarii| unake dharma kA mUla sUtra hai - "tumheM jo cIja nApasaMda he vaha dUsare ke lie hargija na kro|" unhone pAMca guNo ke vikAsa para atyadhika pracAra kiyA - (1) jena (sada AcAra) (2) cuna jU (sadavyavahAra) (3) lI (viveka) (4) te (naitika sAhasa, pramANikatA, (5) bena (udAratA, dyaa)| cIna kI saMskRti evaM vicAradhArA ko sarvAdhika prabhAvita karane vAloM meM kAMgapayUtsI kA nAma sarva-ziromaNi hai| 2010_03
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________________ / sva: mohanalAla bAThiyA smRti grantha maharSi paithAgorasa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna yUnAna meM paithAgorasa, aphalAtUna va sukarAta jaise mahApurUSa hue jo mahAvIra, vuddha, lAotse athavA jarathustra kI taraha AdhyAtmika netA ke rUpa meM to avatarita nahIM hue kintu tatkAlIna rAjya evaM samAja-vyavasthA meM krAtikArI parivartano kI unakI vicAradhArA ne pAzcAtya samyatA ko kaI zatAbdiyoM taka prabhAvita kiyA va Aja bhI ina tInoM mahApurUSoM kA nAma atIva zraddhA se liyA jAtA hai| pethAgorasa kA janma samosa dvIpa meM 580 varSa I0 pUrva meM huaa| 530 varSa IsvI pUrva meM inhe samosa dvIpa se paulikreTasa ke atyAcAroM se Ucakara sereTonA (dakSiNa iTalI kA pradeza) meM AnA par3A jahAM unhone apanI vicAradhArA ko saMgaThita kara vyavasthita rUpa diyA va saMyama evaM sadAcAra ke mAdhyama se janmamaraNa ke cakkara se mukta hone ke lie eka samudAya bnaayaa| isa samudAya meM kucha vicAraka gaNita evaM vijJAna ke adhyayana meM lage va anya naitika va dhArmika vicAroM kI samIkSA meM lge| paithAgorasa svayaM gaNita va jyotiSa gaNanA meM rUci rakhate the va saMgIta kA tAlamela usI se kiyA karate the| mAnavIya AtmA ke daivika udabhava, AtmA kI amaratA va vibhinna dehoM meM ramaNa, prANI jagata kI ekarUpatA Adi viSayoM para ekAnta meM rahakara gahana cintana kiyA aura Atma-cintana ke tIna mukhya prazna hara samaya smRti meM rakhane ke lie unhone prastuta kiye -1-maine kyA acchA kiyA ? 2- maine aisA kyA nahIM kiyA jo mujhe karanA cAhie thA / 3- mai apane kisa pavitra kArya meM asaphala rhaa| paithAgorasa ne apanI AtmA kI pavitratA ko banAye rakhakara apane ko paramAtmA se jor3A va apane sadaguNoM kA prakAza phailAkara 466 I0 pUrva ihalaukika lIlA samApta kii| mahAtmA sukarAta mahAtmA sukarAta kA janma 470 I0 pU0 meM huaa| ve zilpakAra kA kAma karate parantu gaNita va jyotiSa unake priya viSaya the| ve apanA adhikAMza samaya janatA ko vauddhika samAdhAna dene va hara samasyA ko yukti evaM tarka saMgata DhaMga se sulajhAne meM lagAte aura isane unake virUddha tatkAlIna rAjya-vyavasthA meM bhArI zatru taiyAra kiye / devatAoM kI avahelanA karane va naye siddhAntoM kA pracAra karake yuvakoM ko pathabhraSTa karane ke Aropa me una para rAjya kI adAlata meM mukadamA calAyA gayA va unhe mauta kI sajA sunAI gii| mauta kI sajA ke pUrva eka mAha taka unheM jela meM rakhA gayA, para usa vyakti kA dhairya va sahanazIlatA 2010_03
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________________ darzana-digdarzana alaukika thii| usa samaya bhI unhoMne saikar3o yuvakoM ko AtmA kI amaratA, daihika nazvaratA Adi viSaya yuktipUrNa tarIkoM se smjhaaye| unhe bacAne ke prayAsa bhI hue para unhone rAjakIya vyavasthA bhaMga karane se inkAra kara diyaa| mRtyu ke roja unhoMne atyanta prasannatA se AhyAdapurvaka viSa kA pyAlA pI liyaa| pAsa baiThe logo kI AMkhoM meM AMsU Agaye, vedanAbharI cItkAra phUTa gaI para unhone amogha zAnti ke sAtha mRtyu kA saharSa varaNa kiyaa| unake jIvanakAla meM DelphI kI devI ne unhe yUnAna kA sabase bar3A vidvAna udaghoSita kiyA para unakI pratikriyA thI, "mujhe vidvAna isalie kahA gayA hai kyoki maiM itanA jJAna rakhatA hUM ki maiM kucha nahIM jaantaa|" sukarAta svayaM daivika purUSa the va AcaraNo meM devatva ke vikAsa ko ve paramAtmatva mAnate the| sukarAta ne na to kisI sampradAya kI sthApanA kI aura na kisI pustaka kI hI racanA kii| para kevala saMvAda, pravacana evaM upadezo se bar3e bhArI samAja ko prabhAvita kiyA va unakI anupama bauddhika pratibhA va nirmala caritra ke Age kAlAntara meM sArA mAnava-samAja natamastaka huaa| udabodhaka aphalAtUM IsA se 427 varSa pUrva isa mahApuruSa kA janma huaa| bacapana se hI ye mahAtmA sukarAta se prabhAvita the| prAraMbha meM inakI mahattvAkAMkSA rAjanIti kI ora thI kintu rAjazAhI ke atyAcAroM se unheM jahAM rAjazAhI se ghRNA ho gaI vahAM sukarAta ko mauta kI sajA sunAne se bevakUpha bahumata ke prajAtaMtra se bhI inakA AkarSaNa jAtA rhaa| pethAgorasa samudAya meM sammilita hokara bhI inhoMne adhyayana kiyaa| serAkyUja meM vahA~ ke rAjA ne nArAja hokara inhe spArTI ke rAjadUta ko de diyA jahAM unhoMne inako khulebAjAra meM becaa| saubhAgya se unhe unake eka prazaMsaka ne hI kharIda liyA aura ve vApasa etheMsa A gye| yahAM para IsA se 387 varSa pUrva unhone eka akAdamI kI sthApanA kI jisameM dArzanika va vaijJAnika anusaMdhAna ke lie sucArU vyavasthA kI gaI va svayaM aphalAtuM ne gaNita va darzana zAstra kA adhyApana kiyaa| darzana zAstra ke mUla meM dhArmika va pavitra jIvana bitAne kA abhyAsa diyA gyaa| yUnAna meM avyavasthA va arAjakatA kI sthiti meM bhI aphalAtuM kI akAdamI ne zikSA ke kSetra meM sadA Aloka jagAe rkhaa| gaNita va jyAmitI ke adhyayana ko pUrNa satya taka pahucane kA sAdhana mAnane vAle aphalAtuM bauddhikatA ko sadA mahattva dete rahe va 2010_03
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________________ sva: mohanalAla bAThiyA smRti grantha unake anusAra kevala buddhi hI vaha amUlya vastu hai jisake Age vizva ke sabhI baibhava va sukha-suvidhAeM nagaNya haiN| unakI AtmA sarvavyApI va aparivartanIya Atma-tattva kA bauddhika cintana karatI huI sadA zAMta va nirvikAra banane kA prayAsa karatI rahI aura mAnavIya duHkhoM se chuTakArA pAkara anta meM apanI ora mur3a kara svayaM avasthita ho gyii| unake sAre jIvana yA caryA kA yahI sAra thaa| jisake ve mUrtimAna Adarza rhe| niSkarSa isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna mahApurUSoM kA saMkSipta jIvana-darzana prastuta karane kA maine prayAsa kiyA hai| lagatA hai ki IsA se 500 varSa pUrva se 400 varSa pUrva ke samaya me vizva meM mAnava-mastiSka eka navajAgaraNa ke prati AkRSTa ho rahA thA va usake vicAroM meM pror3hatA va prAMjalatA kA AbhAsa ho rahA thA jisake lie bhArata, cIna, IrAna, yUnAna ke uparyukta sabhI mahApurUSa apanI sArI zakti jagAkara eka vAtAvaraNa taiyAra kara rahe the| yaha nizcita rUpa se nahI kahA jA sakatA ki ina mahApurUSo ne eka-dUsare ko prabhAvita kiyA athavA nahIM, kyoMki usa samaya ke saMparka sAdhano ke abhAva meM aisA honA saMbhava kama lagatA hai kintu hajAroM varSoM se kevala zraddhA ke bala para TikA jana-mAnasa sabhI sthAnoM para udvelita hokara ciMtana kA nayA dvAra pAne ko avazya utsuka ho rahA thA aura una sabhI mahApurUSoM ne jana jAgaraNa kI usa belA meM apanI pavitra sAdhanA ke dvArA janatA ko sahI mArga kA nirdezana kara mAnavatA ke jo avicala mAnadaMDa sthApita kie ve Aja bhI utane hI cirasatya haiM aura Ane vAle yugoM taka isI prakAra zAzvata va ciraMtana rhege| vaha una mahApurUSo kI alaukika Atmazakti va jAgRta evaM saceta mastiSka kI hI upaja hai jo itanA sava kucha dekara mAnavatA kI trANa vana skii| AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki ina mahApuruSoM ke AdarzoM va vicAro kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana evaM samIkSA kI jAya tathA unheM adhikAdhika upayogI va kalpANakArI banAne kA prayAsa kiyA jaaye| 2010_03