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________________ mahAvIra CT sAmyavAda paripUrNAnanda varmA Ajakala sAmyavAda kI bar3I carcA hai aura bahuta se loga jAnanA cAhate haiM ki mahAvIra kA mata isa viSaya meM kyA hai| sAmyavAda ke liye "sozalijma" zabda sabase pahale sana 1838 meM phrAMsa ke piyara lUre ne gar3hA thaa| isakA sakriya rUpa banAne meM 18-19 vIM sadI meM seMTa sAimana, TAma pena, viliyana goDavina aura viliyana gauDavina ne bhUmikA taiyAra kI thii| phrAMsa ke phuTiyara tathA iglaiMDa ke raubarTa auvena ne isakI rUpa rekhA taiyAra kI para isakA vAstavika rUpa kArlamAksa tathA phrIDariza eMjIlA ke san 1848 kI vijJapti meM prakaTa huaa| isI ko, isI sAmyavAda ko "kamyUnijma' kahate haiN| cUMki kamyUnijma meM Izvara ko koI sthAna nahIM hai isIliye kucha logoM kA vicAra hai ki jaina sAmyavAda ke adhika nikaTa haiN| para isI videzI sAmyavAda ke liye jarmana kavi hInariza hIna (1797-1856) ne likhA thA ki "yaha bhUkha IrSyA tathA mRtyu kA dUta hai|" Aja kI sthiti meM yaha bAta satya se dUra nahIM hai| eka amerikana pAdarI epha. DI. haTiMgaTana (1819-1904) ne likhA thA ki "sAmyavAda svataMtratA tathA samAnatA ke liye aMdhI bhUkha hai|" ebanejera iliyaTa (1781-1849) nAmaka briTiza kavi ne ise "apanA eka paisA dekara ApakA eka rupayA chInane vAlA" vAda kahA thaa| Ajakala loga kyA kahate haiM, yaha hama denA nahIM caahte| rAjanIti para hama nahIM likha mahAvIra kA sAmyavAda ina sabhI doSoM se mukta hai| jaba ve kahate haiM ki hara eka meM prANa haiM, jIva hai, kisI ko kaSTa na do, sabako apane samAna samajho, "jIo aura jIne do", "dhana kA saMcaya mata karo", "aparigraha dhAraNa karo", "dhana dene ke liye hai", sammRddhi kA abhimAna choDa do, dAna karo, apanA dhana bAMTa do, mana bacana yA karma se bhI na kisI kA kucha apaharaNa . karo, na kaSTa pahacAo, taba sAmyavAda meM aura kyA bAkI rhaa| dUsare kI sampatti chInanA 51
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________________ asthAyI sAmyavAda hai| hiMsaka sAmyavAda hai| apanI jisa dharma meM kevala apane Apako jItanA sabase sampatti dUsaroM meM bA~Takara upayoga karanA ahiMsaka bar3I vijaya ho, vaha vAstavika sAmyavAdI dharma hai| sAmyavAda hai / mahAvIra kahate haiM : Aja ke laukika sAmyavAda se na kahIM sukha hai, na kahIM zAnti, kevala azAnti kA eka hAhAkAra macA huA hai| jahA~ lAhau tahA~ loho lAhA loho pavaDaDhaI / vaha sAmyavAda saMgharSavAda bana gayA hai| ahiMsA aura do mAsakaya kajjaM koDIe vi na niThThiyaM / / syAbAda meM zraddhA rakhane vAlA apaharaNakartA nahIM ho jaise lAbha hotA hai. vaise lobha hotA hai, lAbha se / sakatA / bhagavat gItA meM vaNita samatva kI bhAvanA tathA lobha bar3hatA hai| do mAze sone se pUrA hone vAlA kAma bhagavAna mahAvIra kA samabhAva hI asalI sAmyavAda karor3a se bhI pUrA nahIM huaa| mahAvIra ne kitanA sundara bacana kahA hai :ve kahate haiM : nimmamo nirahaMkAro nissaMgo cttgaarvo| suvaNNa rUppassa tu pavvayA bhave, samoyo saba bhUesu tasesu thAvaresu ya // siyA hu kailAsa sabhA asaMkhyA / "mamatva rahita, ahaMkAra rahita, nirlepa gaurava ko narassa luddhassa na tehiM kiMci, tyAgane vAlA, trasa aura sthAvara sabhI jIvoM meM samabhAva icchA u AgAsa samA aNantiyA rakhane vAlA muni hotA hai|" yuga kA varadAna kadAcit sone aura cA~dI ke kailAza parvata ke samAna jaina dharma ke manoyoga, bacanayoga tathA kAmayoga ke asaMkhya parvata ho jAye to bhI lobhI puruSa ko unase kucha jAtako koI nahIM kATa sakatA. haThayoga kI koI bhI bhI nahIM hotA, kyoMki icchA AkAza ke samAna ananta kriyA binA ina tIna ke pUrI nahIM ho sktii| jIva meM do prakAna ke bhoga hote haiM--abhisaMdhibhoga--jisameM vaha apane se kAma karatA hai jaise calanA, uThanA, kAma karanA, punaH kahA hai : tathA dUsarA hai anubhisaMdhi yoga jo kArya nidrA. dhyAna, "dhaNeNa kiM dhmmdhuuraahigaare|" cintana ke samaya hotA rahatA hai| jIva kA yahI caitadhana se dharma kI gAr3hI kaba calatI hai| nyatva hai| jIva ajIva kA saMbhoga, jIva pudgala tathA "na e nittAsae parama / " paryAya ke siddhAnta, padArtha dvArA karma baMdhana inako dUsaroM ko trasta mata kro| vaijJAnika rUpa se bhI jisane samajhane kI ceSTA kI, vaha isa "satya" kI garimA ko svIkAra karegA, cAhe vaha mahAvIra ke anusAra : kisI dharma ke sambandha meM bhI vivecana kre| jaina darzana ne duSkarma kA vicAra uThAnA bhI pApa aura bandhana kA sale kAmI vise kAmA AsI visovamA / kAraNa batalAyA hai| Aja kA nyAya zAstra "vicAra kAme patthemANA akAmA janti do gaI / yA nIyata" para bahuta jora detA hai / bauddha dharma meM "kAma bhoga zalya haiM, viSa haiM aura AzI viSa sarpa "gupta guNa" kahA gayA hai jisameM ki manuSya binA kisI ke tulya hai| kAma-bhoga kI icchA karane vAle, unakA kI jAnakArI ke sadvicAra rakhatA hai aura usakA pAlana sevana na karate hue bhI durgati ko prApta karate haiN|" karatA hai| 52
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________________ jaina dharma ke sadAcAra meM sadvicAra parama "mahAvIra ke upadeza eka usa vijayI AtmA ke Avazyaka hai| mahAvIra ne paryAya kI, dravya kI pudgala vijaya gAna ke samAna haiM jisane isI saMsAra meM chuTakArA kI jo vyAkhyA kI hai tathA jIva-ajIva, jIva tathA svataMtratA tathA mukti prApta kara lI hai--unake Adeza padArtha kI jisa milIjulI sattA kA vivecana kiyA hai, hara eka ke liye anivArya nahIM haiN| jo binA unako svIusI ko dUsare zabdoM meM tapasvI aravinda ghoSa ne bhI kAra kiye bhI anubhava se jJAna prApta kiye binA hI usa svIkAra kiyA hai| mArga para calane lagate haiM, ve bhI apanI AtmA kI eka svaritA naSTa hone se aura usake gandalA hone ke bhaya jaina dharma kI prAcInatA ke bAre meM aba koI vivAda se vaca jAte haiN|" bhI nahIM rhaa| jaikobI ke anusAra pArzva aitihAsika DA. phailiksa vAlvo likhate haiM :-- satya haiM / lekhaka kItha ke anusAra pArzva kA janma IsApUrva 740 meM huA thaa| jaina mahApurANa (uttara __ "binA kisI zaMkA yA sandeha ke, nizcaya pUrvaka purANa, parva 74, pRSTha 462) ke anusAra pAzve mahAvIra mahAvIra apane hI udAharaNa se yaha dikhalA dete haiM ki ke pUrva 23veM tIrthakara the / pArzva ke ziSya zrI kumAra mAnava ke mastiSka ko kisa prakAra saMyama meM lAyA jA ne mahAvIra ke pitA ko jaina dharma kI dIkSA dI thI / sakatA hai aura usa para aisA anuzAsana ho sakatA hai DA. bAthama ne pArzva dvArA jaina dharma ke pracAra kA varNana ki eka hI jIvana meM uccatama bauddhika tathA AdhyAtmika kiyA hai| DA. glasenepa ne apane graMtha meM likhA hai ki sImA para pahuMca jaay|" bauddha dharma ke bahuta pahale se jaina dharma bhArata meM pracalita thaa| uttara purANa (74/2) ke anusAra inake vAlya kAla meM hI vardhamAna kA darzana kara unake teja ko dekhakara mahAvIra ne purAnI zramaNa paramparA ko aura jAga- saMjaya tathA vijaya nAmaka do tapasviyoM ne unakA nAma rUka aura paripakva kiyA hai| DA. alaphreDa pArkara ke "sanmati" rakhA thaa| mahAvIra kaliyuga ke varadAna haiN| zabdoM meM : hama unase "sanmati" kI yAcanA karate haiM / "mahAvIra ke vicAra-mAnava karttavya zAstra kI uccatama abhivyakti haiM / ahiMsA kA mahAna niyama, sabase balavAna maulika siddhAnta hai jisake AdhAra para mAnava mAtra ke kalyANa ke liye eka naitika jagata kI racanA ho sakatI hai|" Aja manuSya punaH vicAra karane lagA hai ki Atmacintana tathA ekAnta meM svarUpa lakSaNa kitanA Avazyaka hai| binA Atma-cintana hama asalI tatva taka nahIM pahu~ca sakate / svAmI satyAnanda sarasvatI ne san 1975 meM hI prakAzita apanI pustaka meM likhA hai ki binA Atmacintana ke Atma jJAna nahIM hI sktaa| pUrI mImAMsA ke sAtha jaina mata yahI kahatA hai / itAliyana vidvAna DA. alabarTI pogI likhate haiM: -