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________________ bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana [eka aitihAsika dRSTipAta ] vIra-jayaMtI aura nirvANatithi hara sAla AtI hai / isake upalakSya meM lagabhaga sabhI jaina-patra bhagavAn ke jIvana para kucha na kucha likhane kA prayatna karate haiM / koI-koI patra mahAvIrAGka rUpa se vizeSa aGka nikAlane kI bhI yojanA karate haiM / yaha silasilA pichale aneka varSoM se anya sampradAyoM kI dekhAdekhI jaina paramparA meM bhI cAlU hai aura saMbhavataH Age bhI cAlU rhegaa| sAmayika patra patrikAoM ke alAvA bhI bhagavAn ke jIvana ke bAre meM choTI bar3I pustakeM likhane kA krama vaisA hI jArI hai jaise ki usakI mA~ga hai| purAne samaya se isa viSaya para likhA jAtA rahA hai| prAkRta aura saMskRta bhASA meM judejude samaya meM jude-jude sthAnoM para judI judI dRSTi vAle jude jude aneka lekhakoM ke dvArA bhagavAn kA jIvana likhA gayA hai aura vaha bahutAyata se upalabdha bhI hai| nae yuga kI pichalI eka zatAbdI meM to yaha jIvana aneka bhASAoM meM dezIvidezI, sAmpradAyika-asAmpradAyika lekhakoM ke dvArA likhA gayA hai / jarmanaaMgrejI, hindI, gujarAtI, baMgalA aura marAThI Adi bhASAoM meM isa jIvana viSayaka choTI-bar3I aneka pustakeM prasiddha huI haiM aura milatI bhI haiM / yaha saba hote hue bhI nae varSa kI naI jayaMtI yA nirvANatithi ke upalakSya meM mahAvIra jIvana para kucha nayA likhane kI bhArapUrvaka mA~ga ho rahI hai / isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? so khAsakara samajhane kI bAta hai / isa kAraNa ko samajhane se yaha hama ThIka-ThIka samajha sakeMge ki purAne samaya se Aja taka kI mahAvIra jIvana viSayaka upalabdha itanI likhita mudrita sAmagrI hamArI jijJAsA.ko tRpta karane meM samaya kyoM nahIM hotI ? bhagavAn mahAvIra eka hI the / unakA jIvana jaisA kucha rahA ho sunizcita amuka rUpa kA hI rahA hogA / tadviSayaka jo sAmagrI abhI zeSa hai usase adhika samartha samakAlIna sAmagrI abhI milane kI koI saMbhAvanA nhiiN| jo sAmagrI upalabdha hai usakA upayoga Aja taka ke likhita jIvanoM meM hazrA hI hai to phira nayA kyA bAkI hai jisakI mA~ga hara sAla jayaMtI yA nirvANatithi ke avasara para banI rahatI hai aura khAsa taura se saMpUrNa mahAvIra jIvana viSayaka pustaka kI mA~ga to|
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________________ bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana 35 hamezA banI huI rahatI hI hai / ye aise prazna haiM jinakA vAstavika uttara binA samajhe mahAvIra jIvana para kucha socanA, likhanA yA aise jIvana kI lekhakoM se mA~ga karanA yaha nirA vArSika jayaMtI kAlIna vyasana mAtra siddha hogA yA punarAvRtti kA cakra mAtra hogA jisase hameM bacanA cAhie / purAne samaya se Aja taka kI jIvana viSayaka saba pustakeM aura choTe-bar3e saba lekha prAyaH sAmpradAyika bhaktoM ke dvArA hI likhe gae haiN| jaise rAma, kRSNa, krAisTa, muhammada Adi mahAn puruSoM ke bAre meM usa sampradAya ke vidvAnoM aura bhaktoM ne likhA hai / hA~, kucha thor3e lekha aura virala pustake asAmpradAyika jainetara vidvAnoM dvArA bhI likhI huI haiM / ina donoM prakAra ke jIvana-lekhoM meM eka khAsa guNa hai to dUsarI khAsa truTi bhI hai| khAsa guNa to yaha hai ki sAmpradAyika vidvAnoM aura bhaktoM ke dvArA jo kucha likhA gayA hai usameM paramparAgata aneka yathArtha bAteM bhI saralatA se A gaI haiM, jaisI asAmpradAyika aura dUravartI vidvAnoM ke dvArA likhe gae jIvana-lekhoM meM kabhI-kabhI yA nahIM paatiiN| parantu truTi aura bar3I bhArI truTi yaha hai ki sAmpradAyika vidvAnoM aura bhaktoM kA dRSTikoNa hamezA aisA rahA hai ki yena kena prakAreNa apane iSTa deva ko sabase U~cA aura asAdhAraNa dikhAI dene vAlA citrita kiyA jaae| sabhI sampradAyoM meM pAI jAne vAlI isa atiraMjaka sAmpradAyika dRSTi ke kAraNa mahAvIra, mAnava mahAvIra na rahakara kalpita deva-se una gae haiM jaisA ki auddha paramparA meM buddha aura paurANika paramparA meM rAma-kRSNa tathA kizcyAniTI meM krAisTa mAnava miTa kara deva yA devAMza ana gae haiN| - isa yuga kI khAsa vizeSatA naijJAnika aura aitihAsika dRSTikoNa hai| vijJAna aura itihAsa satya ke upAsaka haiN| ve satya ke sAmane aura saba bAtoM ko vRthA samajhate haiM / yaha satyagaveSaka vRtti hI vijJAna aura itihAsa kI pratiSThA kA AdhAra hai| isalie ina donoM kI logoM ke mana ke Upara itanI adhika prabhAvazAlI chApa par3I hai ki ve vaijJAnika dRSTi se apramANita aura itihAsa se asiddha aisI kisI vastu ko mAnane ke lie taiyAra nahIM / yahA~ taka ki hajAroM varSoM se calI Ane vAlI aura mAnasa meM sthira banI huI prANapriya mAnyatAoM ko bhI ( yadi ve vijJAna aura itihAsa se viruddha haiM to) chor3ane meM nahIM hicakicAte, pratyuta ve aisA karane meM apanI kRtArthatA samajhate haiN| vartamAna yuga bhUtakAlIna zAna kI virAsata ko thor3A bhI barbAda karanA nahIM cAhatA / usake eka aMza ko vaha pramANa se bhI adhika mAnatA hai; para sAtha hI vaha usa virAsata ke vijJAna aura itihAsa se asiddha aMza ko eka kSaNa bhara ke lie bhI mAnane ko taiyAra nhiiN| nae yuga ke isa lakSaNa ke kAraNa vastu-sthiti badala gaI hai / mahAvIra
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________________ 36 jaina dharma aura darzana jIvana viSayaka lekha pustaka Adi kitanI hI sAmagrI prastuta kyoM na ho para zrAja kA jijJAsu usa sAmagrI ke bar3e Dhera mAtra se santuSTa nahIM / vaha to yaha dekhanA cAhatA hai ki isameM kitanA tarka buddhi-siddha aura kitanA itihAsa -siddha hai ? jaba isa vRtti se vaha Aja taka ke mahAvIra - jIvanaviSayaka lekhoM ko par3hatA hai, socatA hai ta use pUrA saMtoSa nahIM hotA / vaha dekhatA hai ki isameM satya ke sAtha kalpita bhI bahuta milA hai / vaha yadi bhakta ho to kisI taraha se apane mana ko manA le sakatA hai; para vaha dUsare taTastha jijJAsuoM kA pUrA samAdhAna kara nahIM pAtA / vaijJAnika aura aitihAsika dRSTikoNa kA prabhAva itanA adhika gaharA par3A hai ki khuda mahAvIra ke paramparAgata anuyAyiyoM ko bhI apanI naI pIr3hI kA hara bAta meM samAdhAna karanA muzkila ho gayA hai / yahI eka mAtra vajaha hai ki cAroM ora se mahAvIra ke aitihAsika jIvana likhe jAne kI mAMga ho rahI hai aura kahIM-kahIM tadarthaM taiyAriyA~ bhI ho rahI haiM / Aja kA koI taTastha lekhaka aitihAsika dRSTi se mahAvIra jIvana likhegA to usI sAmagrI ke AdhAra se likha sakatA hai ki jisa sAmagrI ke AdhAra se pahale se Aja taka ke lekhakoM ne likhA hai| pharka yadi hai yA ho sakatA hai to dRSTikoNa kA / dRSTikoNa hI saccAI yA gaira-saccAI kA eka mAtra prANa hai aura pratiSThA kA AdhAra hai / udAharaNArtha mahAvIra kA do mAtA aura do pitA ke putra rUpa se prAcIna granthoM meM varNana hai / ise sAmpradAyika dRSTi vAlA bhI letA hai aura aitihAsika dRSTi vAlA bhI / para isa asaMgata aura amAnavIya dikhAI dene vAlI ghaTanA kA khulAsA sAmpradAyika vyakti eka taraha se karatA hai aura aitihAsika vyakti dUsaro taraha se / hajAroM varSa se mAnA jAne vAlA usa asaMgati kA sAmpradAyika khulAsA loka-mAnasa meM itanA ghara kara gayA hai ki dUsarA khulAsA sunate hI vaha mAnasa bhar3aka uThatA hai / phira bhI naI aitihAsika dRSTi ne aisI sthiti paidA kI hai ki usa cira paricita khulAse se loka-mana kA antastala jarA bhI santuSTa nahIM / vaha to koI nayA buddhigamya khulAsA pAnA cAhatA haiM yA usa do mAtA, dopitA kI ghaTanA ko hI prasaMgata kaha kara jIvana meM se sarvathA nikAla denA cAhatA hai / yahIM bAta tatkAlajAta zizu mahAvIra ke aMguSTha ke dvArA meru- kampana ke bAre meM hai yA pada-pada para mahAvIra ke AsapAsa upasthita hone vAle lAkhoM-karor3oM deva-deviyoM ke varNana ke bAre meM hai / koI bhI tarka aura buddhi se mAnava-jIvana para vicAra karane vAlA aisA nahIM hogA jo yaha mAnane ko taiyAra ho ki eka tatkAla paidA huA bAlaka yA mallakustI kiyA huA javAna apane a~gUThe se parvata to kyA eka mahatI zilA ko bhI ka~pA sake ! koI bhI aitihAsika 4
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________________ bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana 37 1 yaha mAna nahIM sakatA aura sAbita nahIM kara sakatA ki devasRSTi kahIM dUra hai aura usake divya sattva kisI tapasvI kI sevA meM sadA hAjira rahate haiM / ye aura inakI jaisI dUsarI aneka ghaTanAe~ mahAvIra jIvana meM vaise hI AtI haiM jaise anya mahApuruSoM ke jIvana meM | sAmpradAyika vyakti una ghaTanAoM ko jIvanI likhate samaya na to chor3a sakatA hai aura na unakA cAlU artha se dUsarA artha hI lagA sakatA hai / isa kAraNa se vaha mahAvora kI jIvanI ko naI pIr3hI ke lie pratItikara nahIM banA sakatA / jaba ki aitihAsika vyakti kitanI hI saMgata dikhAI dene vAlI purAnI ghaTanAoM ko yA to jIvanI meM sthAna hI nahIM degA yA unakA pratItikara artha lagAegA jise sAmAnya buddhi bhI samajha aura mAna ske| itanI carcA se yaha bhalIbhAMti jAnA jA sakatA hai ki aitihAsika dRSTikoNa asaMgata dikhAI dene vAlI jIvana ghaTanAoM ko jyoM kA tyoM mAnane ko taiyAra nahIM, para vaha unheM buddhigrAhya kasauTI se kasa kara saccAI kI bhUmikA para lAne kA prayatna karegA ! yahI sababa hai. ki vartamAna yuga usI purAnI sAmagrI ke AdhAra se, para aitihAsika dRSTi se likhe gae mahAvIra jIvana ko hI par3hanA-sunanA cAhatA hai / yahI samaya kI mA~ga hai / mahAvIra kI jIvanI meM AnevAlI jina asaMgata tIna bAtoM kA ullekha maiMne kiyA hai unakA aitihAsika khulAsA kisa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ise yahA~ batalA denA bhI jarUrI hai mAnava vaMza ke to kyA para samagra prANI-vaMza ke itihAsa meM bhI Aja taka aisI koI ghaTanA banI huI vidita nahIM hai jisameM eka saMtAna ko do janaka mAtAe~ hoM / eka santAna ke janaka do-do pitAoM kI ghaTanA kalpanAtIta nahIM hai para do janaka mAtAoM kI ghaTanA kA to kalpanA meM bhI AnA muzkila' hai / tisa para bhI jaina AgamoM meM mahAvIra kI janaka rUpa se do mAtAoM kA varNana hai / eka to kSatriyANI siddhArthapatnI trizalA aura dUsarI brAhmaNI RSabhadattapatnI devAnandA | pahile to eka bAlaka kI do jananiyA~ hI asambhava tisa para donoM jananiyoM kA bhinna-bhinna puruSoM kI patniyoM ke rUpa se honA to aura bhI asambhava hai / zrAgama ke purAne bhAgoM meM mahAvIra ke jo nAma milate haiM unameM aisA eka bhI nAma nahIM hai jo devAnandA ke sAtha unake mAtA-putra ke saMbandha kA sUcaka ho phira bhI bhagavatI' jaise mahattvapUrNa Agama meM hI apane mukhya gaNadhara indrabhUti ko saMbodhita karake khuda bhagavAn ke dvArA aisA kahalAyA gayA hai ki - yaha 1. bhagavatI zataka 6 uddeza 6 /
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________________ 38 jaina dharma aura darzana devAnandA merI jananI hai isI se mujhe dekhakara usake thana dUdha se bhara gae haiM aura bhagavatI' meM dUsarI jagaha devoM kI garbhApaharaNa-zakti lakSita karake varNana kiyA hai para usa jagaha unhoMne harSa- romAJca ho Ae haiN| kA mahAvIra ne indrabhUti ko apane garbhApaharaNa kA koI nirdeza taka nahIM kiyA hai| hA~, mahAvIra ke garbhApaharaNa kA varNana AcArAMga ke antima bhAga meM hai para vaha bhAga AcArya hemacandra ke kathanAnusAra hI kama se kama mahAvIra ke anantara do sau varSa ke bAda kA to hai hI / aisI sthiti meM kisI bhI samajhadAra ke mana meM yaha prazna hue binA raha nahIM sakatA ki jaba eka santAna kI eka hI mAtA sambhava hai taba jananI rUpa se mahAvIra kI do mAtAoM kA varNana zAstra meM AyA kaise ? aura isa asaMgata dikhAI dene vAlI ghaTanA ko saMgata banAne ke garbha saMkramaNa -- jaise bilkula zakya kArya ko deva ke hastakSepa se zakya banAne kI kalpanA taka ko zAstra meM sthAna kyoM diyA gayA ? isa prazna ke aura bhI uttara yA khulAse ho sakate haiM para mujhe jo khulAse saMbhavanIya dikhate haiM unameM se mukhya ye haiM 1 - mahAvIra kI jananI to brAhmaNI devAnandA hI hai, kSatrivANI trizalA nahIM / 2 - trizalA jananI to nahIM hai para vaha bhagavAn ko goda lene vAlI yA apane ghara para rakha kara saMvardhana karane vAlI mAtA avazya hai / agara vAstava meM aisA hI ho to paramparA meM usa bAta kA viparyAsa kyoM aura zAstra meM anyathA bAta kyoM likhI gaI ? yaha prazna honA svA huA bhAvika hai / maiM isa prazna ke do khulAse sUcita karatA hU~ - 1- pahilA to yaha ki trizalA siddhArtha ko anyatama patnI hogI jise apanA koI aurasa putra na thA / strIsulabha putravAsanA kI pUrti usane devAnandA ke aurasa putra ko apanA banA kara kI hogI / mahAvIra kA rUpa, zIla aura svabhAva aisA AkarSaka honA cAhie ki jisake kAraNa trizalA ne apane jIte jI unheM unakI sahaja vRtti ke anusAra dIkSA lene kI anumati dI na hogI / bhagavAn ne bhI trizalA kA anusaraNa karanA hI karttavya samajhA hogA 2 -- dUsarA yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki mahAvIra choTI umra se hI usa samaya brAhmaNaparaMparA meM atirUddha hiMsaka yajJa aura dUsare nirarthaka kriyA-kANDoM vAle kuladharma se viruddha saMskAra vAle - tyAga prakRti ke the / unako choTI umra meM hI kisI nirgrantha I 1. bhagavatI zataka 5 uddeza 4 1
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________________ 7 bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana da paramparA ke tyAgI bhikSu ke saMsarga meM Ane kA maukA milA hogA aura usa nirgrantha saMskAra se sAhajika tyAgavRtti kI puSTi huI hogI / mahAvIra ke tyAgAbhimukha saMskAra, honahAra ke yogya zubha lakSaNa aura nirbhayatA Adi guNa dekhakara usa nirgrantha guru ne apane pakke anuyAyI siddhArtha aura trizalA ke yahA~ unako saMvardhana ke lie rakhA hogA jaisA ki zrAcArya hemacandra ko choTI umra se hI guru devacandra ne apane bhakta udayana mantrI ke yahA~ saMvardhana ke lie rakhA thA / mahAvIra ke sadguNoM se trizalA itanI AkRSTa huI hogI ki usane apanA hI putra mAnakara unakA saMvardhana kiyA / mahAvIra bhI trizalA ke sadbhAva aura prema ke itane adhika kAyala hoMge ki ve use apanI mAtA hI samaaura kahate the / yaha saMbandha aisA panapA ki trizalA ne mahAvIra ke tyAgasaMskAra kI puSTi kI para unheM apane jIte jI nirgrantha banane kI anumati na dI / bhagavAn ne bhI mAtA kI icchA kA anusaraNa kiyA hogA / khulAsA koI bhI ho - hara hAlata meM mahAvIra, trizalA aura devAnandA apanA pArasparika saMbandha to jAnate hI the / kucha dUsare loga bhI isa jAnakArI se vaMcita na the / zrAge jAkara jaba mahAvIra ugra-sAdhanA ke dvArA mahApuruSa bane tatra trizalA kA svargavAsa ho cukA thA / mahAvIra svayaM satyavAdI santa the isalie prasaMga Ane para mUla bAta ko nahIM jAnanevAle apane ziSyoM ko apanI asalI mAtA kauna hai isakA hAla batalA diyA / hAla batalAne kA nimitta isalie upasthita huA hogA ki aba bhagavAn eka mAmUlI vyakti na rahakara bar3e bhArI dharmasaMgha ke mukhiyA bana gae the aura AsapAsa ke logoM meM bahutAyata se yahI bAta prasiddha thI ki mahAvIra to trizalAputra haiM / jaba ine-gine loga kahate the ki nahIM, mahAvIra to devAnandA brAhmaNI ke putra haiM / yaha virodhI carcA jaba bhagavAn ke kAnoM taka pahu~cI taba unhoMne saccI bAta kaha dI ki maiM to devAnandA kA putra hU~ / bhagavAn kA yahI kathana bhagavatI ke navama zataka meM surakSita haiM / aura trizalAputra rUpa se unakI jo lokaprasiddhi thI vaha AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM surakSita hai / usa samaya to virodha kA samAdhAna bhI ThIka-ThIka ho gayA- donoM pracalita bAteM paramparA meM surakSita rahIM aura eka bAta eka Agama meM to dUsarI dUsare Agama meM nirdiSTa bhI huii| mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda sau cAra sau varSa meM jaba sAdhu-saMgha meM eka yA dUsare kAraNa se aneka matAntara aura pakSabheda hue taba zrAgama-prAmANya kA prazna upasthita huA / jisane AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha ko to pUrA pramANa mAna liyA para dUsare AgamoM ke bAre meM saMzaya upasthita kiyA, usa paramparA meM to bhagavAn kI eka mAtra trizalAputra rUpa se prasiddhi raha gaI aura zrAge jAkara usane devAnandA ke
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________________ . jaina dharma aura darzana putra hone kI bAta ko bilkula kAlpanika kaha kara chor3a diyA / yahI paramparA Age jAkara digambara paramparA meM samA gaI / parantu jisa paramparA meM prAcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kI taraha dUsare bhAgamoM ko bhI akSarazaH satya mAna kara pramANa rUpa se mAna rakhA thA usake sAmane virodha upasthita huA, kyoMki zAstroM meM kahIM bhagavAn kI mAtA kA trizalA rUpa se to kahIM devAnandA ke rUpa se sUcana thA / usa paramparA ke lie eka bAta ko svIkAra aura dUsare ko inkAra karanA to zakya hI na raha gayA thaa| samAdhAna kaise kiyA jAe ? yaha prazna AcAryoM ke sAmane aayaa| asalI rahasya to aneka zatAbdiyoM ke garbha meM chipa hI gayA thaa| vasudeva kI patnI devakI ke garbha ko sAtaveM mahIne meM divyazakti ke dvArA dUsarI patnI rohiNI ke garbha meM rakhe jAne kI jo bAta sAdhAraNa logoM meM va paurANika AkhyAnoM meM pracalita thI usane tathA devasRSTi kI purAnI mAnyatA ne kisI vicakSaNa AcArya ko naI kalpanA karane ko prerita kiyA jisane garbhApaharaNa kI adbhuta ghaTanA ko eka Azcarya kaha kara zAstra meM sthAna de diyaa| phira to akSarazaH zAstra ke prAmArAva ko mAnane vAle anuyAyiyoM ke lie koI zaMkA yA take ke lie guJjAiza hI na raha gaI ki ve asalI bAta jAnane kA prayatna kareM / deva ke hastakSepa ke dvArA garbhApaharaNa kI jo kalpanA zAstrArUDha ho gaI usakI asaMgati to mahAvideha ke sImaMdhara svAmI ke sAtha saMbandha jor3akara TAlI gaI phira bhI karmavAda ke anusAra yaha to prazna thA hI ki jaba jaina siddhAnta janmagata jAtibheda yA jAtigata U~ca-nIca bhAva ko nahIM mAnatA aura kevala guNa-karmAnusAra hI jAtibheda kI kalpanA ko mAnya rastratA hai to use mahAvIra ke brAhmaNatva para kSatriyatva sthApita karane kA Agraha kyoM rakhanA cAhie ? agara brAhmaNa kula tuccha aura anadhikArI hI hotA to indrabhUti zrAdi sabhI brAhmaNa gaNadhara bana kara kevalI kaiMse hue ? agara kSatriya hI ucca kula ke hoM to phira mahAvIra ke ananya bhakta zreNika Adi kSatriya naraka meM kyoM kara gae ? spaSTa hai ki jainasiddhAnta aisI jAtigata koI U~canIcatA kI kalpanA ko nahIM mAnatA para jaba garbhApaharaNa ke dvArA trizalAputrarUpa se mahAvIra kI phailI huI prasiddhi ke samAdhAna kA prayatna huA taba brAhmaNa-kula ke tucchatvAdi doSoM kI asaMgata kalpanA ko bhI zAstra meM sthAna milA aura usa asaMgati ko saMgata banAne ke kAlpanika prayatna meM se marIci ke janma meM nIcagotra bA~dhane taka kI kalpanA kathA-zAstra meM A gaI / kisI ne yaha nahIM socA ki ye mithyA kalpanAe~ uttarottara kitanI asaMgatiyA~ paidA karatI jAtI haiM aura karmasiddhAnta kA hI khuna karatI haiM ? merI uparyukta dhAraNA ke viruddha yaha bhI dalIla ho
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________________ bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana sakatI hai ki bhagavAna kI jananI trizalA hI kyoM na ho aura devAnandA unakI dhAtRmAtA ho| isa para merA javAba yaha hai ki devAnandA dhAtRmAtA hotI to usakA usa rUpa se kathana karanA koI lAghava kI bAta na thI / kSatriya ke ghara para dhAtRmAtA koI bhI ho sakatI hai / devAnandA kA dhAtRmAtA rUpa se svAbhAvika ullekha na karake use mAtra mAtA rUpa se nirdiSTa kiyA hai aura garbhApaharaNa kI asat kalpanA taka jAnA par3A hai so dhAtRpakSa meM kucha bhI karanA na par3atA aura sahaja varNana A jaataa| ___aba hama sumerukampana kI ghaTanA para vicAra kreN| usakI asaMgati to spaSTa hai phira bhI isa ghaTanA ko par3hane vAle ke mana meM yaha prazna uTha sakatA hai ki yadi zrAgamoM meM garbhApaharaNa jaisI ghaTanA ne mahAvIra kI jIvanI meM sthAna pAyA hai to janma-kAla meM aMguSTha mAtra se kie gae sumeru ke kampana jaisI adbhuta ghaTanA ko AgamoM meM hI sthAna kyoM nahIM diyA hai ? itanA hI nahIM balki AgamakAla ke aneka zatAbdiyoM ke bAda racI gaI niyukti va cUrNi jisameM ki bhagavAna kA jIvana nirdiSTa hai usameM bhI usa ghaTanA kA koI jikra nahIM hai| mahAvIra ke pazcAt kama se kama hajAra bAraha sau varSa taka meM race gae aura saMgraha kie gae vAGamaya meM jisa ghaTanA kA koI jikra nahIM hai vaha ekAeka sabase pahile 'pauma cariyaM' meM kaise A gaI ? yaha prazna kama kutUhalavardhaka nahIM hai| hama jaba isake khulAse ke lie Asa-pAsa ke sAhitya ko dekhate haiM to hameM kisI hada taka saccA javAba bhI mila . jAtA hai| vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM do prasaGga haiM-pahilA prasaGga yuddhakAMDa meM aura dUsarA uttarakAMDa meM AtA hai| yuddhakAMDa meM hanumAna ke dvArA samUcA kailAsa-zikhara uThAkara raNAGgaNa meM-jahA~ ki ghAyala lakSmaNa par3A thA-le jAkara rakhane kA varNana hai jaba ki uttara-kAMDa meM rAvaNa ke dvArA samUce himAlaya ko hAtha meM taulane kA tathA mahAdeva ke dvArA aGgaSTa mAtra se rAvaNa ke hAtha meM taule hue usa himAlaya ko dabAne kA varNana hai / isa taraha harivaMza Adi prAcIna purANoM meM kRSNa ke dvArA sAta roja taka govardhana parvata ko uThAe rakhane kA bhI varNana hai| paurANika vyAsa rAma aura kRSNa jaise avatArI puruSoM kI kathA sunanevAloM kA manoraJjana ukta prakAra kI adbhuta kalpanAoM ke dvArA kara rahe hoM taba usa vAtAvaraNa ke bIca rahanevAle aura mahAvIra kA jIvana sunAnevAle jaina-granthakAra sthUla bhUmikA vAle apane sAdhAraNa bhaktoM kA manoraJjana paurANika vyAsa kI taraha hI kalpita camatkAroM se kareM to yaha manuSya-svabhAva ke anukUla hI hai / maiM samajhatA hU~ ki apane-apane pUjya puruSoM kI mahattAsUcaka ghaTanAoM ke varNana kI hor3A-hor3I meM
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________________ jaina dharma aura darzana ( spardhA meM ) par3akara sabhI mahApuruSoM kI jIvanI likhane vAloM ne satyAsatya kA viveka kamoveza rUpa se kho diyA hai| isI doSa ke kAraNa sumerukampana kA prasaGga mahAvIra kI jIvanI meM A gayA haiM / 42 tIsarI bAta devasRSTi kI hai / zramaNa paramparA meM mAnavIya caritra aura puruSArtha kAhI mahattva hai / buddha kI taraha mahAvIra kA mahattva apane caritra - zuddhi ke sA dhAraNa puruSArtha meM hai / para jaba zuddha AdhyAtmika dharma ne samAja kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA aura usameM deva - deviyoM kI mAnyatA rakhanevAlI jAtiyA~ dAkhila huI taba unake devaviSayaka vahamoM kI tuSTi aura puSTi ke lie kisI-na-kisI prakAra se mAnavIya jIvana meM devakRta camatkAroM kA varNana anivArya ho gayA / yahI kAraNa hai ki mahAvastu aura lalitavistara jaise granthoM meM buddha kI garbhAvasthA meM unakI stuti karane devagaNa Ate haiM aura lumbinI-vana meM ( jahA~ ki buddha kA janma huA ) deva-deviyA~ jAkara pahile se saba taiyAriyA~ karatI haiN| aise daivI camatkAroM se bhare granthoM kA pracAra jisa sthAna meM ho usa sthAna meM rahanevAle mahAvIra ke anuyAyI unakI jIvanI ko cinA daivI camatkAroM ke sunanA pasaMda kareM yaha saMbhava hI nahIM hai / maiM samajhatA hU~ isI kAraNa se mahAvIra kI sArI sahaja jIvanI meM devasRSTi kI kalpita chaTa gaI hai| purAnI jIvana-sAmagrI kA upayoga karane meM sAmpradAyika aura aitihAsika dRSTikoNa meM dUsarA bhI eka mahAna pharka hai, jisake kAraNa sAmpradAyika bhAva se likhI gaI koI bhI jIvanI sArvajanika pratiSThA pA nahIM sakatI / vaha pharka yaha hai ki mahAvIra jaise AdhyAtmika puruSa ke nAma para calane vAlA sampradAya aneka choTe-bar3e phirakoM meM sthUla aura mAmUlI matabhedoM ko tAttvika aura bar3A tUla dekara ba~Ta gayA hai| pratyeka phirakA apanI mAnyatA ko purAnI aura maulika sAbita karane ke lie usakA saMbaMdha kisI bhI taraha mahAvIra se jor3anA cAhatA hai / phala yaha hotA . hai ki apanI koI mAnyatA yadi kisI bhI taraha se mahAvIra ke jIvana se saMbaddha nahIM hotI to vaha phirakA apanI mAnyatA ke viruddha jAnevAle mahAvIra jIvana ke usa bhAga ke nirUpaka granthoM taka ko ( cAhe vaha kitane hI purAne kyoM na hoM ) chor3a detA hai, jabaki dUsare phirake bhI apanI-apanI mAnyatA ke lie vaisI hI khIMcAtAnI karate haiM / phala yaha hotA hai ki jIvanI kI purAnI sAmagrI kA upayoga karane meM bhI sArA jaina saMpradAya ekamata nahIM / aitihAsika kA prazna vaisA nahIM hai / use kisI phirake se koI khAsa nAtA yA benAtA nahIM hotA hai / vaha taTastha bhAva se sArI jIvana-sAmagrI kA jIvanI likhane meM viveka dRSTi se upayoga karatA hai| vaha na to kisI phirake kI khuzAmada karatA hai aura na kisI ko nArAja karane kI koziza
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________________ bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana karatA hai| cAhe koI phirakA usakI bAta mAne yA na mAne vaha apanI bAta viveka, niSpakSatA aura nirbhayatA se kahegA va likhegA / isa baraha aitihAsika kA prayatna satyamukhI aura vyApaka bana jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki navayuga usI kA Adara karatA hai| aba hama saMkSepa meM yaha dekheMge ki aitihAsika dRSTi se mahAvIra-jIvana likhane kI kyA-kyA sAmagrI hai ? sAmagrI ke mukhya tIna srota haiN| sAhityika, bhaugolika tathA paraMparAgata prAcAra va jIvana / sAhitya meM vaidika, bauddha aura jaina prAcIna vAGmaya kA samAveza hotA hai / bhaugolika meM upalabdha ve grAma, nadI, nagara, parvata Adi pradeza haiM jinakA saMbaMdha mahAvIra ke jIvana meM prasaGga-prasaGga para AtA hai| paraMparA se prAta vaha AcAra aura jIvana bhI jIvanI likhane meM upayogI haiM jinakA eka yA dUsare rUpa se mahAvIra ke jIvana tathA upadeza ke sAtha evaM mahAvIra kI pUrva paraMparA ke aura samakAlIna paraMparA ke sAtha saMbandha hai, cAhe vaha usa purAne rUpa meM bhale hI Aja na ho aura parivartita evaM vikRta ho gayA ho| aitihAsika dRSTi ukta sAmagrI ke kisI bhI aMza kI upekSA nahIM kara sakatI aura isake alAvA bhI koI anya srota mAlUma ho jAe to vaha usakA bhI svAgata kregii| Upara jisa sAmagrI kA nirdeza kiyA hai, usakA upayoga aitihAsika dRSTi se jIvanI likhane meM kisa-kisa taraha kiyA jA sakatA hai isa para bhI yahA~ thor3e meM prakAza DAlanA jarUrI hai| kisI bhI mahAn puruSa kI jIvanI ko jaba hama par3hate haiM taba usake lekhaka bahudhA iSTa puruSoM ko logoM ke mana para par3I huI mahattA kI chApa ko kAyama rakhane aura use aura bhI puSTa karane ke lie sAmAnya jana-samAja meM pracalita aisI mahattAsUcaka kasauTiyoM para adhikatara bhAra dete haiM aura ve mahattA kI asalI jar3a ko bilkula bhulA na deM to bhI use gauNa to kara hI dete hai arthAt usa puruSa kI mahattA kI asalI cAbI para utanA bhAra ve nahIM dete jitanA bhAra sAdhAraNa logoM kI mAnI huI mahattA kI kasauTiyoM kA varNana karane para dete haiN| isakA phala yaha hotA hai ki jahA~ eka tarapha se mahattA kA mApadaNDa banAvaTI ho jAtA hai vahIM dUsarI tarapha se usa puruSa kI mahattA kI asalI cAbI kA mUlyAMkana bhI dhIre-dhIre logoM kI dRSTi meM aojhala ho jAtA hai| sabhI mahAn puruSoM kI jIvaniyoM meM yaha doSa kamobeza dekhA jAtA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI jIvanI ko usa doSa se bacAnA ho to hameM sAdhAraNa logoM kI rUDha ruci kI puSTi kA vicAra binA kie hI asalI vastu kA vicAra karanA hogaa| bhagavAn ke jIvana ke mukhya do aMza hai--eka to AtmalakSI-jisameM
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________________ jaina dharma aura darzana apanI Atmazuddhi ke lie kie gae bhagavAn ke samagra puruSArtha kA samAveza hotA hai| dUsarA aMza vaha hai jisameM bhagavAn ne paralakSI AdhyAtmika pravRtti kI hai / jIvanI ke pahile aMza kA pUrA varNana to kahIM bhI likhA nahIM milatA phira bhI usakA thor3A-sA para prAmANika aura atiraMjanarahita prAcIna varNana bhAgyavaza AcArAMga prathama zruta skaMdha ke navama adhyayana meM abhI taka surakSita hai / isase adhika purAnA aura adhika prAmANika koI varNana agara kisI ne likhA hogA to vaha Aja surakSita nahIM hai / isalie pratyeka aitihAsika lekhaka ko bhagavAn kI sAdhanA kAlIna sthiti kA citraNa karane meM mukhya rUpa se vaha eka hI adhyayana upayogI ho sakatA hai / bhale hI vaha lekhaka isa adhyayana meM varNita sAdhanA kI puSTi ke lie anya - anya zrAgamika bhAgoM se sahArA le; para use, bhagavAn kI sAdhanA kaisI thI isakA varNana karane ke lie ukta adhyayana ko hI kendrasthAna meM rakhanA hogA / 44 yadyapi vaidika paramparA ke kisI bhI grantha meM bhagavAn ke nAma taka kA nirdeza nahIM hai phira bhI jaba taka hama prAcIna ' zatapatha zrAdi brAhmaNa grantha aura zrApastamba, kAtyAyana zrAdi zrautasUtra na dekheM taba taka hama bhagavAn kI dhArmika pravRtti kA na to ThIka-ThIka mUlya A~ka sakate haiM aura na aisI pravRtti kA varNana karane vAle zramika bhAgoM kI prAcInatA aura mahattA ko hI samajha sakate haiM / brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizya ke jIvana meM vividha yajJoM kA dharmarUpa se kaisA sthAna thA aura unameM se aneka yajJoM meM gAya, ghor3e, bher3a, bakare Adi pazuoM kA tathA manuSya taka kA kaisA dhArmika vadha hotA thA evaM atithi ke lie bhI prANiyoM kA vadha kaisA dharmya mAnA jAtA thA-- isa bAta kI Aja hameM koI kalpanA taka nahIM ho sakatI hai jaba ki hajAroM varSa se deza ke eka chora se dUsare chora taka purAnI yajJaprathA hI baMda ho gaI hai aura kahIM-kahIM va kabhI-kabhI koI yajJa karate bhI haiM to ve yajJa bilkula ho ahiMsaka hote haiM / dharmarUpa se avazya karttavya mAne jAnevAle pazuvadha kA virodha karake use Ama taura se rokane kA kAma usa samaya utanA kaThina to avazya thA jitanA 1. zatapatha brAhmaNa kA 0 3 0 1, 2, 5 / kA0 6 a0 7 | kA0 13 ; 0 kAtyAyana zrautasUtra - acyuta granthamAlA bhUmikAgata yajJoM kA varNana / 0 7, 8, 6 / kA0 4 ; zra0 6 / kA0 5 ; 0 2 | kA0 11 ; R0 78 / kA0 12 1, 2, 5 ityAdi /
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________________ bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana kaThina Aja ke katlakhAnoM meM hone vAle pazuvadha ko banda karAnA hai| bhagavAn ne apane pUrvavartI aura samakAlIna mahAn santoM kI taraha isa kaThina kArya ko karane meM kora-kasara uThA rakhI na thI / uttarAdhyayana ke yajJIya adhyayana meM jo yajJIya hiMsA kA zrAtyantika virodha hai vaha bhagavAn kI dhArmika pravRtti kA sUcaka hai| yajJIya hiMsA kA niSedha karane vAlI bhagavAn kI dhArmika pravRtti kA mahattva aura agale jamAne para par3e hue usake asara ko samajhane ke lie jIvanI likhane vAle ko Upara sUcita vaidika-granthoM kA adhyayana karanA hI hogaa| dharma ke kSetra meM brAhmaNa Adi tIna varNoM kA Adara to eka-sA hI thaa| tInoM varNa vAle yajJa ke adhikArI the| isalie varNa kI judAI hote hue bhI inameM chuAchUta kA bhAva na thA para vikaTa savAla to zUdroM kA thaa| dharmakSetra meM praveza kI bAta to dUra rahI para unakA darzana taka kaisA amaMgala mAnA jAtA thA, isakA varNana hameM purAne brAhmaNa-granthoM meM spaSTa milatA hai| zUdroM ko aspRzya mAnane kA bhAva vaidika paramparA meM itanA gaharA thA ki dhArmika prazuvadha kA bhAva itanA gaharA na thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki buddha-mahAvIra jaise santoM ke prayatnoM se dhArmika pazuvadha to banda huyA para unake hajAra prayatna karane para bhI aspRzyatA kA bhAva usI purAne yuga kI taraha Aja bhI maujUda hai / itanA hI nahIM balki brAhmaNa-paramparA meM rUr3ha hue usa jAtigata aspRzyatA ke bhAva kA svuda mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM para bhI aisA asara par3A hai ki ve bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mahattA ko to aspRzyatA nivAraNa ke dhArmika prayatna se A~kate aura gAte haiM phira bhI ve khuda hI brAhmaNa-paramparA ke prabhAva meM Akara zUdroM kI aspRzyatA ko apane jIvana vyavahAra meM sthAna die hue haiN| aisI gaharI jar3avAle chuA-chUta ke bhAva ko dUra karane ke lie bhagavAn ne nindA-stuti kI paravAha binA kie prabala puruSArtha kiyA thA aura vaha bhI dhArmika kSetra meM / brAhmaNa-paramparA apane sarvazreSTha yajJa-dharma meM zabdoM kA darzana taka sahana karatI na thI taba buddha Adi anya santoM kI taraha mahAvIra cANDAla jaise ati zUdroM ko bhI apane sAdhusaMgha meM vaisA hI sthAna dete the jaisA ki brAhmaNa Adi anya varNoM ko| jaise gAMdhIjI ne aspRzyatA ko jar3amUla se ukhAr3a pheMkane ke lie zUdroM ko dharmamandira meM sthAna dilAne kA prayatna kiyA hai vaise hI mahAvIra ne aspRzyatA ko ukhAr3a pheMkane ke lie zUdroM ko mUrdhanyarUpa apane sAdhusaMdha meM sthAna diyA thaa| mahAvIra ke bAda aise kisI jaina AcArya yA gRhastha kA itihAsa nahIM milatA ki jisameM usake dvArA ati zUdroM ko sAdhu-saMgha 1. zatapatha brAhmaNa kA0 3, a0 1 brA0 1 /
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________________ 46 jaina dharma aura darzana meM sthAna die jAne ke sabUta hoN| dUsarI tarapha se sArA jaina samAja aspRzyatA ke bAre meM brAhmaNa- paramparA ke prabhAva se mukta nahIM hai / aisI sthiti meM uttarAdhyayana jaise prAcIna grantha meM eka cAMDAla ko jaina dIkSA die jAne kI jo ghaTanA varNita hai aura agale jaina tarka-granthoM meM jAtivAda kA jo prabala khaNDana hai usakA kyA artha hai ? aisA prazna hue binA nahIM rahatA / isa prazna kA isake sivAya dUsarA koI khulAsA hI nahIM hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jAtivAda kA jo prabala virodha kiyA thA vaha kisI na kisI rUpa meM purAne AgamoM meM surakSita raha gayA hai / bhagavAn ke dvArA kie gae isa jAtivAda ke virodha ke tathA usa virodha ke sUcaka zrAgamika bhAgoM ke mahattva kA mUlyAMkana ThIka-ThIka karanA ho to bhagavAn kI jIvanI likhane vAle ko jAtivAda ke samarthaka prAcIna brAhmaNa-graMthoM ko dekhanA hI hogA | mahAvIra ne bilkula naI dharma-paramparA ko calAyA nahIM hai kintu unhoMne pUrvavartI pArzvanAtha kI dharma-paramparA ko hI punarujjIvita kiyA hai / vaha pAzvanAtha kI paramparA kaisI thI, usakA kyA nAma thA isameM mahAvIra ne kyA sudhAra yA parivartana kiyA, purAnI paramparAvAloM ke sAtha saMgharSa hone ke bAda unake sAtha mahAvIra ke sudhAra kA kaise samanvaya huA, mahAvIra kA nija vyaktitva mukhyatayA kisa bAta para avalambita thA, mahAvIra ke pratispardhA mukhya kauna-kauna the, unake sAtha mahAvIra kA matabheda kisa-kisa bAta meM thA, mahAvIra AcAra ke para adhika bhAra dete the, kauna-kauna rAje-mahArAje Adi mahAvIra ko mahAvIra kisa kula meM hue ityAdi praznoM kA javAba kisI na kisI rUpa meM bhinnabhinna jaina - zrAgama-bhAgoM meM surakSita hai / parantu vaha javAba aitihAsika jIvanI kA AdhAra tabhI bana sakatA hai jaba ki usakI saccAI aura prAcInatA bAharI sabUtoM se bhI sAbita ho| isa bAre meM bauddha-piTaka ke purAne aMza sIdhe taura se bahuta madada karate haiM kyoMki jaisA jainAgamoM meM pArzvanAtha ke cAturyAma dharma kA varNana hai ThIka vaisA hI cAturyAma nigraMtha dharma kA nirdeza bauddha piTakoM meM bhI hai" / isa bauddha ullekha se mahAvIra ke paJcayAma dharma ke sudhAra kI jaina zAstra meM kisa a~za mAnate the, 1. adhyayana 12 / 2. sanmatiTIkA pR0 667 / nyAyakumudacandra pR0 767, ityAdi / 3. uttarAvyayana zra0 25 gAthA 33 | 4. uttarAdhyayana 0 23 / bhagavatI za0 2. u0 5 ityAdi / 5. dIghanikAya - sAmaJJaphalasunta /
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________________ bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana 1 varNita ghaTanA kI aitihAsikatA sAbita ho jAtI hai| mahAvIra khuda nagna acela the phira bhI parimita va jIrNa vastra rakhanevAle sAdhutroM ko apane saMgha meM sthAna dete the aisA jo varNana AcArAMga uttarAdhyayana meM hai usakI aitihAsikatA bhI bauddha granthoM se sAbita ho jAtI hai kyoMki bauddha granthoM meM acela aura ekasATakaghara zramaNoM kA jo varNana hai vaha mahAvIra ke acela aura sacela sAdhutroM ko lAgU hotA hai| jaina AgamoM meM mahAvIra kA kula jJAta kahA gayA hai, bauddha piTakoM meM bhI unakA vahI kula nirdiSTa hai / mahAvIra ke nAma ke sAtha nirgrantha vizeSaNa bauddha granthoM meM AtA hai jo jaina varNana kI saccAI ko sAbita karatA hai | zreNikakoNikAdi rAje mahAvIra ko mAnate the yA unakA Adara karate the aisA jainAgama meM jo varNana hai vaha bauddha piTakoM ke varNana se bhI kharA utaratA hai / mahAvIra ke vyaktitva kA sUcaka dIrghatapasyAkA varNana jainAgamoM meM hai usakI aitihAsikatA bhI bauddha granthoM se sAbita hotI hai| kyoMki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ziSyoM kA dIrghatapasvI rUpa se nirdeza unameM AtA hai jainAgamoM meM mahAvIra ke vihArakSetra kA jo zrAbhAsa milatA hai vaha bauddha piTakoM ke sAtha milAna karane se kharA hI utaratA hai / jainAgamoM meM mahAvIra ke bar3e pratisparddhA gauzAlaka kA jo varNana hai vaha bhI bauddha piTakoM ke saMvAda se saccA hI sAbita hotA hai / isa taraha mahAvIra kI jIvanI ke mahattva ke aMzoM ko aitihAsika batalAne ke lie lekhaka ko bauddha piTakoM kA sahArA lenA hI hogA | / buddha aura mahAvIra samakAlIna aura samAna kSetravihArI to the hI para aitihAsikoM ke sAmane eka savAla yaha par3A hai ki donoM meM pahile kisakA nirvANa huA ? prophesara yAkobI ne bauddha aura jaina granthoM ko aitihAsika dRSTi se tulanA karake antima niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki mahAvIra kA nirvANa buddha - nirvANa ke pIche hI zramuka samaya ke bAda hI huA hai / yAkobI ne apanI gaharI chAnabIna se yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki vajji - licchiviyoM kA kozika ke sAtha jo yuddha huA thA vaha buddha-nirvANa ke bAda aura mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM hI huA / vajji 1. aMguttara bhAga. 1. 151 / bhAga. 2, 168 / sumaGgalAvilAsinI pR0 144 2. dIghanikAya - sAmaJJaphalasutta ityAdi ityAdi / 3. jaisI tapasyA svayaM unhoMne kI vaisI hI tapasyA kA upadeza unhoMne apane ziSyoM ko diyA thA / ataeva unake ziSyoM ko bauddha grantha meM jo dIrghatapasvI vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai usase bhagavAn bhI dIrghatapasvI the aisA sUcita hotA hai / dekho majjhimanikAya-upAlisutta 56 / 'bhAratIya vidyA' siMghI smAraka aGka pR0 177 / 4. 47
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________________ jaina dharma aura darzana licchivI-gaNa kA varNana to bauddha aura jaina donoM granthoM meM AtA hai para inake yuddha kA varNana bauddhagranthoM meM nahIM pAtA hai jaba ki jainagranthoM meM AtA hai / yAkobI kA yaha aitihAsika niSkarSa mahAvIra kI jIvanI likhane meM jaisA taisA upayogI nahIM hai| isase aitihAsika lekhaka kA dhyAna isa tattva kI ora bhI apane Apa jAtA hai ki bhagavAn kI jIvanI likhane meM AgamavarNita choTI bar3I saba ghaTanAoM kI bar3I sAvadhAnI se jA~ca karake unakA upayoga karanA caahie| ___ mahAvIra kI jIvanI kA nirUpaNa karane vAle kalpasUtra Adi aneka dUsare bhI grantha hai jinheM zraddhAlu loga akSarazaH saccA mAna kara sunate Ae haiM para inakI bhI aitihAsika dRSTi se chAnabIna karane para mAlUma ho jAtA hai ki unameM kaI bAteM pIche se auroM kI dekhAdekhI lokaruci kI puSTi ke lie jor3I gaI haiN.| bauddha mahAyAna paramparA ke mahAvastu, lalitavistara jaise granthoM ke sAtha kalpasUtra kI tulanA binA kie aitihAsika lekhaka apanA kAma ThIka taura se nahIM kara sakatA / vaha jana aisI tulanA karatA hai taba use mAlUma par3a jAtA hai ki bhagavAn kI jIvanI meM AnevAle caudaha svapnoM kA vistRta varNana tathA janmakAla meM aura kumArAvasthA meM aneka devoM ke gamanAgamana kA varNana kyoM aura kaise kAlpanika tathA paurANika hai| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA janmasthAna so vArANasI thA, para unakA bhramaNa aura upadeza-kSetra dUra-dUra taka vistIrNa thaa| isI kSetra meM vaizAlI nAmaka suprasiddha zahara bhI AtA hai jahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra janme / janma se nirvANa taka meM bhagavAn kI pAdacaryA se aneka choTe-bar3e zahara, kasbe, gA~va, nadI, nAle, parvata, upavana Adi pavitra hue, jinameM se anekoM ke nAma va varNana Agamika sAhitya meM surakSita haiN| agara aitihAsika jIvanI likhanI ho to hamAre lie yaha jarUrI ho jAtA hai ki hama una sabhI sthAnoM kA A~khoM se nirIkSaNa kareM / mahAvIra ke bAda aise koI asAdhAraNa aura maulika parivartana nahIM hue haiM jinase una saba sthAnoM kA nAmonizAna miTa gayA ho / DhAI hajAra varSoM ke parivartanoM ke bAvajUda bhI aneka zahara, gA~va, nadI, nAle, parvata zrAdi aAja taka unhIM nAmoM se yA thor3e bahuta apabhraSTa nAmoM se pukAre jAte haiM / jaba hama mahAvIra kI jIvanacaryA meM Ane vAle una sthAnoM kA pratyakSa nirIkSaNa kareMge taba hameM Agamika varNanoM kI saccAI ke tAratamya kI bhI eka bahumUlya kasauTI mila jAegI, jisase hama na kevala aitihAsika jIvana ko hI tAdRza citrita kara sakeMge balki aneka ulajhI gutthiyoM ko bhI sulajhA skeNge| isalie merI rAya meM aitihAsika lekhaka ke lie kama se kama bhaugolika bhAga kA pratyakSya paricaya ghUma-ghUma kara karanA jarUrI hai|
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________________ 41 bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana aitihAsika jIvanI likhane kA tIsarA mahattvapUrNa sAdhana paramparAgata zrAcAravicAra hai| bhArata kI janatA para khAsa kara jainadharma ke pracAravAle bhAgoM kI janatA para mahAvIra ke jIvana kA sUkSma-sUkSmatara prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai; para usakI amiTa aura spaSTa chApa to jaina-paramparA ke anuyAyI gRhastha aura tyAgI ke prAcAra-vicAroM meM dekhI jA sakatI hai / samaya ke hera-phera se, bAharI prabhAvoM se aura adhikAra-bheda se Aja ke jaina-samAja kA AcAra-vicAra kitanA hI kyoM na badalA ho; para yaha apane upAsya deva mahAvIra ke prAcAra-vicAra ke vAstavika rUpa kI Aja bhI jhA~kI karA sakatA hai| alabattA isameM chAnabIna karane kI zakti Avazyaka hai| isa taraha hama Upara sUcita kie hue tInoM sAdhanoM kA gaharAI ke sAtha adhyayana karake mahAvIra kI aitihAsika jIvanI taiyAra kara sakate haiM, jo samaya kI mAMga hai| i0 1647]