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________________ mahArASTrI prAkRta meM mUla 'ya' varNa kA abhAva DA0 sudarzana lAla jaina - prAkRta vaiyAkaraNoM ne saMskRta ke zabdoM ko mUla mAnakara prAkRta bhASA kA anuzAsana kiyA hai| mahArASTrI prAkRta meM saMskRta ke mUlavarNa 'ya' kA abhAva hai kyoMki saMskRta zabdoM meM jahA~ bhI 'ya' varNa AtA hai usakA sAmAnyarUpa se-Adi varNa hone para 'ja' ho jAtA hai, saMyuktAvasthA meM tathA do svaroM ke madhya meM hone para lopa ho jAtA hai / sAhityika mahArASTrI prAkRta meM jahA~ kahIM bhI 'ya' varNa dikhalAI detA hai vaha mUla saMskRta kA 'ya' nahIM hai apitu lupta vyaJjana ke sthAna para hone vAlI laghuprayatnoccArita 'ya' dhvani ( zruti = zrutisukhakara ) hai| isakI puSTi prAkRta-vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM se tathA prAcIna lekhoM se hotI hai| mahArASTrI prAkRta meM varNa-lopa sarvAdhika huA hai jisase kahIM-kahIM svara hI svara raha gae haiN| mUla saMskRta ke 'ya' varNa meM hone vAle parivartana nimna haiM1. padAdi 'ya' kA 'ja' hotA hai| jaise--yazaH>jaso, yugmam > juggaM, yamaH>jamo; yAti> jAi, yathA>jahA, yauvanam>jovvaNaM / 'padAdi meM na hone para 'ja' nahIM hotA' isake udAharaNa ke rUpa meM AcArya hemacandra apanI vRtti meM avayavaH>avayavo aura vinayaH>viNao ina do udAharaNoM ko prastuta karate haiN| yahA~ 'vinaya' ke 'ya' kA lopa spaSTa hai jo Age ke niyama se ( do svaroM ke madhya hone se ) huA hai| avayavoM meM jo 'ya' dikhalAI par3a rahA hai vaha vastutaH 'ya' zruti vAlA 'ya' hai jo 'ya' lopa hone para huA hai / ataH isakA rUpa 'aaao' bhI hotA hai / yahA~ do svaroM ke madhyavartI 'ya' lopa meM tathA 'ya' zruti meM koI pratibandhaka kAraNa nahIM hai| yahIM AcArya hemacandra bahulAdhikAra se sopasarga anAdi pada meM bhI 'ya' ke 'ja' kA vidhAna bhI karate haiM / jaise-saMyamaH>saMjamo, saMyogaH>saMjogo, apayazaH>avajaso / vararuci ne bhI isa saMdarbha meM ayazaH>ajaso yaha udAharaNa diyA hai| hemacandra Age isakA pratiSedha karate hue (sopasarga 'ya' kA 'ja' nahIM hotA) prayogaH>paoo udAharaNa prastuta karate haiM jisameM 'ya' kA haA hai| yahIM para padAdi 'ya' lopa kA bhI udAharaNa ArSaprayoga ke rUpa meM diyA haiyathAkhyAtam >ahakkhAyaM; yathAjAtam >ahAjAyaM / 6 'yaSTi' zabdasthita padAdi 'ya'kA 'la'vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / jaise--yaSTi:>laTThI / khaDgayaSTi aura madhuyaSTi meM bhI ya ko la huA hai| jaise 1. Aderyo jaH / hema0 8.1.245 / vara0 2. 31 / 2. hema0 8.1.245 vRtti / 3. vahI, vRtti / 4, vara0 2.2 / 5. hema 8.1.245 vRtti / 6. vhii|
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________________ 20 DaoN sudarzana lAla jaina khaggalaTThI, mahulaTThI' / anyatra bhI 'ya' kA 'ja' hotA hai, isake udAharaNa Age vizeSa parivartana meM dikhalAveMge | 2. svara - madhyavartI 'ya' kA lopa hotA hai / jaise - dayAluH > dayAlU; nayanam > nayaNaM (NayaNaM); viyogaH > vioo / ye tIna udAharaNa hemacandra ne 'ya' lopa ke die haiM / yahA~ 'dayAlU' aura 'nayaNaM' ina do udAharaNoM meM sthita 'ya' ko dekhakara lagatA hai mAno 'ya' lopa nahIM huA hai, mUla saMskRta kA 'ya' hI hai, jabaki sthiti yaha hai ki yahA~ dRzyamAn 'ya' laghuprayatnoccArita 'ya' zruti vAlA hai jo 'ya' lopa ke bAda 'a' udvRtta svara ke rahane para huA hai / isIlie ina donoM udAharaNoM ko hemacandra 'ya' zruti meM bhI dete haiM / isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki svara madhyavartI 'ka, ga' Adi varNoM kA lopa to prAyaH hotA hai parantu 'ya' kA nitya lopa hotA hai yadi koI anya parivartana na ho / 'ya' kI sthiti anya varNoM se bhinna hai / saMskRta se prAkRta meM parivartita hote samaya saMyukta vyaJjana varNoM ke balAbala ke saMdarbha meM bhASA vaijJAnikoM ne 'ya' ko kamajora varNa mAnA hai / sirpha 'ra' hI aisA varNa hai jo 'ya' se kamajora batalAyA hai ( la sa va ya ra kramazaH nirbalatara ) / parantu jaba 'ya' aura 'ra' kA saMyoga hotA hai taba vahA~ bhI 'ya' haTa jAtA hai athavA ya ko samprasAraNa (i) ho jAtA hai / jaise - bhAryA > bhajjA ( bhAriyA ), saundaryam > sundariaM / isIlie hemacandrAcArya ne sUtra meM prayukta 'prAyaH' kI vyAkhyA karate hue vRtti meM lopAbhAva ke jo udAharaNa die haiM unameM 'ya' lopAbhAva kA eka bhI udAharaNa nahIM diyA hai jaba ki 'ga' aura 'va' ke lopAbhAva ke tIna-tIna udAharaNa die haiM tathA zeSa varNoM ke lopAbhAva kA eka-eka udAharaNa diyA hai / vahA~ 'payAgajalaM' (prayAgajalam ) jo udAharaNa diyA gayA hai vaha kramaprApta 'ga' lopAbhAva kA udAharaNa hai, na ki 'ya' lopAbhAva kA / vararuci ne prAyaH zabda kI vyAkhyA meM 'ya' se sambaMdhita lopAbhAva kA eka udAharaNa diyA hai 'ayazaH > ajaso / yahA~ 'ya' kA 'ja' huA hai| vastutaH yaha natra samAsata padAdi varNa hai / 3 'ya' zruti - 'ka, ga' Adi varNoM kA lopa hone para yadi vahA~ 'a, A' zeSa rahe tathA avarNa pare (pUrva meM) ho to lupta vyaJjana ke sthAna para laghu prayatnatara 'ya' zruti hotI hai / jaise - tIrthakaraH > tityayaro, titthaaro, nagaram > rayaraM, naaraM; kAcamaNiH > kAyamaNI; rajatam > rayayaM; madanaH>mayaNo, maaNo; vipulam > vidyulaM, viulaM; dayAluH > dayAlU; lAvaNyam > lAyaNNaM / yaha niyama 'a' svara zeSa rahane para hI lAgU hotA hai, anya svara zeSa rahane para prAyaH nahIM prayukta hotA hai / jaise - vAyuH > vAU, rAjIvam > rAIvaM / kabhI-kabhI avarNa pUrva meM na rahane para bhI 'ya' zruti hotI hai / jaise- pibati - piyai / 1. yaTyAM laH / vara0 2 32 tathA vRtti ( bhAmahakRta ) / hema0 8.1.247 / 2. kagacajatadapayavAM prAyo luk / hema0 8.1.177 / vara0 2.2 // 3. avarNo yazrutiH / hema0 8.1.180 / 4. prAkRta - dIpikA, pR0 16 / 5. vara0 2.2 vRtti / 6. hema0 8. 1. 180 /
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________________ mahArASTrI prAkRta meM mUla 'ya' varNa kA abhAva 21 vastutaH yaha jainamahArASTrI kI vizeSatA hai tathA vaikalpika hai / yahA~ eka bAta aura dhyAna dene yogya hai ki vararuci ne 'ya' zruti vidhAyaka sUtra nahIM banAyA hai / ataH unake dvArA prayukta udAharaNoM meM eka bhI 'ya' vAlA udAharaNa nahIM hai / mUla 'ya' aura laghuprayatnatara 'ya' varNa ke uccAraNa meM bhinnatA rahI hai, ataH donoM eka nahIM haiM / vastutaH yahA~ 'ya' zruti kahane kA yahI tAtparya hai 'jo sunane meM 'ya' jaisA lage, vastutaH 'ya' na ho, saMskRta vaiyAkaraNoM ne ise adhika spaSTa kiyA hai / " 4. samprasAraNa - 'ya' kI gaNanA ardhasvaroM meM kI jAtI hai / ataH kabhI-kabhI saMyukta aura asaMyukta ubhaya avasthAoM meM 'ya' kA samprasAraNa ( ya > i ) ho jAtA hai / " jaise- corayati> corei ( cora > iti > ii = corei ), kathayati > kahei, vyatikrAntam > vIikkataM, pratyanIkam > paDiNIyaM, saundaryam > sundariaM / 5. saMyukta 'ya' kA lopa saMyukta 'ya' kA lopa hotA hai / prAkRta kI prakRti ke anusAra prAkRta meM bhinnavargIya saMyukta vyaJjana nahIM pAe jAte / unameM se yA to eka kA lopa karake aura dUsare kA dvitva karake samAnIkaraNa kara diyA jAtA hai yA svarabhakti / jaise - lopa - mantra > manta, zastra > sattha / svarabhakti-smaraNa > sumaraNa, dvAra > duvAra / yaha svarabhakti prAyaH antaHstha yA anunAsika varNoM ke saMyukta hone para hI dekhI jAtI hai / 6. saMyukta 'ya' kA prabhAva - (ka) yadi saMyukta varNa samAna bala vAle hote haiM to pUrvavartI varNa kA lopa karake paravartI varNa kA dvittva kara diyA jAtA hai / yadi asamAna bala vAle varNa hote haiM to kama balavAle kA lopa karake anya varNa kA dvitva kara diyA jAtA hai / jaise - utpalam > uppalaM, kAvyam > kavvaM, zalyam > sallaM vayasya > vaassa, avazyam > avassaM, cANakya > cANakka / (kha) yadi lopa hone para dvitIya yA caturtha varNa kA dvittva hotA hai to pUrvavartI varNa ko kramazaH prathama yA tRtIya varNa meM badala diyA jAtA hai / jaise - vyAkhyAnam > vakkhANaM, abhyantara > abbhaMtara / ( ga ) USmAdeza - USma aura antaHstha varNoM kA saMyoga hone para antaHstha ko USmAdeza hotA hai (ya ra va za Sa sa ina varNoM kA lopa hone para yadi inake pahale yA bAda meM za Sa sa varNa hoM to usa sakAra ke Adi svara ko dvitvAbhAva pakSa meM dIrghakara diyA jAtA hai) / jaise-- ziSya :- sIso, 1. vyorlaghuprayatnataraH zAkaTAyanasya / aSTAdhyAyI ( 8.3.18 ) padAntayorvakArayakArayorlaghuccAraNau vayo vA sto'zi pare / yasyoccAraNe jihvAgropAgramadhyamUlAnAM zaithilyaM jAyate sa laghuccAraNa: / vahI, bhaTTojidIkSitavRtti / laghuH prayatnaH yasyoccAraNe sa laghuprayatnaH / atizayitaH laghuprayatnaH laghuprayatnataraH / prayatne laghutaratvaM caiSAM zaithilyajanakatvameva / 2. prAkRta dIpikA, pR0 8 / 3. balAbala kA nimna krama svIkRta hai (ka) varga ke prathama cAra varNa - sabase adhika balavAn parantu paraspara samAna balavAle / (kha) varga ke paJcama varNa- prathama cAra varNoM se kama bala vAle parantu paraspara samAna bala vAle / (ga) lasa va yara - sabase kama bala vAle tathA kramazaH nirbalatara |
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________________ 22 sto sudarzana lAla jaina (gha) tAlavyAdeza -tya thya dya dhya ko kramazaH ca cha ja jha Adeza hote haiM" pazcAt dvittvAdi kArya / jaise - atyantam > accantaM / pratyakSam > paccakkhaM, mithyA > micchA, rathyA> racchA, udyAnam > ujjANaM, vidyA > vijjA, upAdhyAyaH > uvajjhAo / (Ga) Adi varNa ke saMyukta hone para kamajora varNa kA lopamAtra hotA hai, dvittva nahIM yadi kamajora varNa kA lopa nahIM hotA hai to svarabhakti kara dI jAtI hai / jaise- nyAyaH > NAyo, svabhAvaH>sahAvo, vyatikaraH > baiyaro, jyotsnA > joNhA, tyajati > cayai, zyAmA > sAmA, snehaH > saNeho, syAt > siyA, jyA > jIA / 7. vizeSa parivartana: (jahA~ 'ya' bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM parivartita huA hai) (ka) ya > jja - uttarIya zabda meM, anIya, nIya tathA kRdanta ke 'ya' pratyaya ko vikalpa se jja hotA hai / jaise - uttarIyam > uttarijjaM uttarIaM, karaNIyam > karaNijjaM karaNIaM, yApanIyam > javaNijjaM javaNIaM, dvitIyaH > biijjo, bIo / tRtIyaH > taijjo taio, preyA >> pejjA peA / (kha) ya> ha - parachAIM artha meM chAyA zabda ke 'ya' ko vikalpa se 'ha' hotA hai / jaise-- vRkSasya chAyA > vacchassa chAhI vacchassa chAyA / kAnti artha meM nahIM huA / jaise - mukhacchAyA > muhacchAyA / (ga) ya> va, Aha ( DAha ) - 'katipaya' zabda ke 'ya' ko paryAyakrama se 'Aha' aura 'va' Adeza hote haiM / jaise - katipayam > kaivAhaM, kaiavaM / (gha) ya> la' - yaSTi' ke 'ya' ko 'la' hotA hai / " jaise > yaSTiH > laTThI (Ga) ya>ta - 'tuma' artha meM 'yuSmad' zabda ke 'ya' ko 'ta' hotA hai / jaise - yuSmAdRzaH, tumhAriso, yuSmadIyaH - tumhakero / 'tuma' artha na hone para 'ta' nahIM hogA / jaise - yuSmadasmatprakaraNam (amuka-tamuka se sambandhita) > jumha - damha - payaraNaM / (ca) ya > svarasahita lopa - 'kAlAyasa' ke 'ya' kA vikalpa se akArasahita lopa hotA hai / jaise kAlAyasam > kAlAsaM, kAlAasaM, kisalayam > kisalaM kisalaaM / (cha) stya > Tha - 'styAna' ke 'stya' ko 'Tha' vikalpa se hotA hai / " jaise - styAnam > ThINaM, thINaM / (ja) nya > ja, Jja - abhimanyu ke 'nya' ko 'ja' 'ja' Adeza vikalpa se hote haiM / " jaise -ahimajjU, ahima ahimannu / 1. a-tyathyadyAM ca cha ja / 2. vottarIyAnIya-tIyakRdye jyaH / hema0 8 1 248 / 3. chAyAyAM ho kAntau vA / hema0 8. 1. 249 / 4. DAha vau katipaye / hema 8 1.250 / 5. yaSTyAM laH / vara0 2.32 tathA vRtti bhAmahakRta / hema0 8-1-247 / 6. yuSmadyarthapare taH / hema 0 8. 1. 246 / 7. vara 4.3 tathA vRtti / 8. styAna-caturthArthe vA / hema0 8.2.33 / 9. abhimanyau jaJjI vA / hema0 8.2.25 /
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________________ 23 mahArASTrI prAkRta meM mUla 'ya' varNa kA abhAva (jha) thya>cha-hasva svara pare rahate 'thya' ko 'cha' hotA hai| jaise-~-pathyam>pacchaM, mithyA>micchA, sAmarthyam > sAmacchaM (sAmatthaM bhI hotA hai)| (Ja) thya->ca-ArSa prAkRta meM thya ko ca hotA hai| tathyam> taccaM / (Ta) yya, rya dyA>jja-yya, rya aura dya ko 'jja' hotA hai / jaise-jayya>jajjo, zayyA> sejjA, bhAryA>bhajjA (bhAriA), kAryam > kajjaM, paryAyaH>pajjAo sUryaH>sajjo, maryAdA> majjAyA, madyama majjaM, vedyaH>vejjo, dyatiH>jaI. dyotH>joo| (Tha) rya>ra (jApavAda)- brahmacarya, tUrya, saundarya aura zauNDIrya ke 'ya' ko 'ra' hotA hai| jaise-brahmacaryam >bahmaceraM tUryam >tUraM, saundaryam >sunderaM (sundariaM), zauNDIryam>soNDIraM / ['eta' pare rahate-paryantaH>peranto (pajjanto)] (Da) rya>raM-dhairya ke rya' ko 'raM' vikalpa se hotA hai| jaise>dhairyam-dhIraM, dhijjaM / [eta pare rahate-Azcaryama>accheraM] (Dha) rya> ria, ara, rijja, rIa-Azcarya zabda meM akAra pare rahate 'rya' ko 'ria' Adi Adeza hote haiN| jaise-acchariaM, acchaaraM, accharijjaM, accharIaM / (Na) rya>lla-paryasta, paryANa aura saukumArya zabdoM ke rya' ko 'lla' hotA hai| jaiseparyastam>pallaTTa pallatthaM; paryANam >pallANaM; saukumAryam >soamllN| (palyaGka>pallaGka paliaMka ye bhinna-prakriyA ke udAharaNa haiN)| (ta) dhya, hya>jha' / jaise-- dhyAnam >jhANaM, upAdhyAyaH>uvajjhAo, badhyate>vajjhae, svAdhyAyaH>sajjhAo, mahyam, majjhaM, guhyam >gujjhaM, nahyati>Najjhai, sahyam >sajjhaM, anugrAhyA>aNu gejjhaa| upasaMhAra-isa taraha hama dekhate hai ki mahArASTrI prAkRta meM mUla 'ya' varNa kA abhAva hai usameM laghuprayatnoccArita 'ya' zrutirUpa se jo 'ya' varNa dikhalAI detA hai vaha jaina mahArASTrI kA paravartI prabhAva hai| yaha 'ya' zruti vastutaH mUla 'ya' varNa nahIM hai apitu tatsadaza sunAI par3anevAlI bhinna dhvani hai jise laghuprayatnoccArita zruti kahA gayA hai aura jo 'a' uvRttasvara (lupta vyaJjana vAlA svara) ke sthAna para hotI hai| saMskRta vaiyAkaraNa pANini Adi ne bhI 'ya' aura laghuprayatnoccArita 'ya' meM bheda kiyA hai| jina saMskRta zabdoM meM 'ya' varNa pAyA jAtA hai ve mahArASTrI prAkRta meM parivartita hote samaya 'ya'-vihIna ho jAte haiM / padAdi meM, padAnta meM tathA saMyuktAvasthA meM to 'ya' varNa dikhalAI 1. hrasvAt thy-shc-ts-psaamnishcle| hema0 8.2.21 tathA vRtti| sAmotsukotsave vA / hema0 8.2.22 / 2. vhii| 3. dyayyaryAM jaH / hema0 8.2.24 / 4. brahmacarya-turya-saundarya-zauNDIyeM yoM rH| hema0 8.2.63 / eta: paryante / hema0 8.2.65 . 5. dhairya vA / hema0 8.2.64 / Azcarye / hema0 8.2.66 / 6. ato riaar-rijj-riiaN| hema0 8.2.67 / 7. paryasta-paryANa-saukumArye lla: / hema0 8.2.68 / 8. sAdhvasa dhya-hyAM jhaH / hema0 8.2.26 / -
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________________ 24 DA0 sudarzana lAla jaina hI nahIM par3atA hai| yadi kahIM dikhalAI detA bhI hai to vaha do svaroM ke madhya meM, vaha bhI avarNa pare avarNa svara ke sAtha jahA~ 'ya' zruti ho sakatI hai| ataH zaMkA aise sthaloM para hI avaziSTa rahatI hai / isa saMdarbha meM nimna hetuoM se usa zaMkA kA nivAraNa kara lenA cAhie--- (1) hemacandra ne svaramadhyavartI 'ya' lopa ke jo do udAharaNa (dayAla aura nayaNaM) die haiM unameM 'ya' vidyamAna hai jo vahA~ 'ya' lopa ke bAda punaH hone vAlI 'ya' zruti kA dyotaka hai, mUla yakAra kA nhiiN| (2) hemacandra 'prAyaH' kI vyAkhyA karate samaya 'ya' lopAbhAva kA eka bhI udAharaNa nahIM dete jabaki 'ka ga' Adi ke lopAbhAva ke udAharaNa dete haiN| (3) vararuci ne jo 'ya' lopAbhAva kA udAharaNa diyA hai vahA~ bhI ya>ja meM parivartita ho gayA hai| (4) vararuci ne mahArASTrI prAkRta meM na to 'ya' zruti kA vidhAna kiyA hai aura na 'ya' yukta kisI pada ko udAharaNa ke rUpa meM apane grantha meM kahIM diyA hai| hemacandra jahA~ 'ya' zruti kA prayoga karate haiM vahA~ vararuci udvRtta 'a' kA prayoga karate haiN| hemacandra se vararuci pUrvavartI haiM / 'ya' zruti bAda kA vikAsa hai / ataH 'ya' kA nitya lopa honA caahie| (5) saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM bhI laghuprayatnoccArita 'ya' kA ullekha milatA hai jisase 'ya' zruti kI mUla 'ya' se bhinnarUpatA siddha hotI hai| (6) prAcIna mahArASTrI sAhityika bhASA meM 'ya' zruti kA bhI prayoga nahIM hai| 'ya' zruti sukhoccAraNArtha AI hai jisakI dhvani 'ya' se milatI-julatI hai, parantu 'ya' nahIM hai| ataH zruti zabda kA prayoga usake sAtha kiyA gayA hai, "ya' hotA hai' aisA nahIM kahA gyaa| (7) "ya' kA nityalopa hotA hai' aisA na kahane kA kAraNa hai 'ya' meM hone vAle vibhinna parivartanoM ko batalAnA tathA sUtroM ko laghurUpatA denaa| (8) 'ra' jo ki sabase kamajora varNa hai usake sAtha saMyukta hone para bhI 'ya' yA to 'i' svara meM badala jAtA hai yA haTa jAtA hai aura 'ra' raha jAtA hai| (9) samAna vargIya varNa saMyuktAvasthA meM pAe jAte haiM parantu do y saMyukta (ya+y) bhI nahIM pAe jaate| antaHstha la aura va sva vargIya varNa ke sAtha saMyukta pAe jAte haiN| (10) 'ya' ke sAtha kahIM bhI svarabhakti nahIM dekhI jaatii| ina sabhI saMdarbho se siddha hai ki mahArASTrI prAkRta meM mUla saMskRta ke 'ya' varNa kA sarvathA abhAva hai / mAgadhI Adi prAkRta bhASAoM kI sthiti bhinna hai| mAgadhI meM na kevala mUla 'ya' pAyA jAtA hai apitu vahA~ 'ja' kA bhI 'ya' hotA hai|