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________________ kavi harirAjakRta prAkRta malayasuMdarIcariyaM Prakrit Malayasundaricariyam of Kavi Hariraj DA0 prema sumana jaina madhyayugIna prAkRta kathAsAhitya meM se jo racanAeM aba taka aprakAzita evaM aprasiddha haiM unameM malayasundarIcariyaM bhI hai| isa prAkRta kathAgrantha kI tIna pANDulipiyoM kA paricaya hamane pahale prastuta kiyA thA / " isakA sampAdana kArya karate samaya bhaNDArakara oriyanTala risarca insTITyUTa, pUnA meM hamane jo malayasuMdarIcariyaM kI pANDulipi dekhI hai, usakA paricaya hA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / isa pANDulipi kA ullekha DaoN0 eca0 DI0 velaNakara ne kiyA haira evaM eca0 Ara0 kApaDiyA ne bhI isako apanI granthasUcI meM sthAna diyA hai / kintu anya granthabhaNDAroM evaM unakI prakAzita grantha sUciyoM meM kavi harirAjakRta isa malayasuMdarIriyaM kI dUsarI prati hone kI koI sUcanA prApta nahIM hai / adyAvadhi malayasuMdarIcariyaM se sambandhita saMskRta, hindI, gujarAtI jo anuvAdAdiyukta saMskaraNa prakAzita hue haiM, unakI carcA hamane apane hai / gatavarSa bhI isa kathA se sambaddha do hindI kRtiyA~ sAmane AyI haiM / isa mUla prAkRta racanA ko ajJAtakartRka hI mAnA gayA hai| ekamAtra pUnA kI isa prati meM hI racanAkAra ke rUpa meM kavi harirAja kI prazasti prApta hotI hai / ataH isa viSaya meM anusandhAna Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai / kavi evaM isa pANDulipi ke sambandha meM anya vivaraNa dene ke pUrva isa prati kA Adi evaM antima aMza yahA~ uddhata hai-- malayasuMdarIcariyaM (prAkRta) [ harirAja, saM0 1628 ] pUnAprati (1404 ) 1. jaina, pra ema sumana, 'malayasundarIcariyaM kI prAkRta pANDulipiyAM' nAmaka lekha, vaizAlI insTITyUTa risarca buleTina naM0 4 (1984) meM prakAzita, pR0 49-52 2. velaNakara, eca0 DI0, jinaratnakoza (1944), pUnA, pR0 302 evaM 305 3. kApaDiyA, eca0 Ara0; DiskripTiva kaiTalAga oNpha menuskripTsa, bhAga 19, sekzana I, pArTa II (1977), saMkhyA -1404 evaM jarmana bhASA ke pUrva lekha meM kara dI ina sabhI kRtiyoM meM 4. (i) dhAmI, mohanalAla sI0; 'mahAbala malayAsundarI', anu - muni dulaharAja, cUru, 1985 (ii) jaina rozanalAla, malayasundarI, jayapura (1987)
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________________ kavi harirAjakRta prAkRta malayasuMdarIcariyaM prArambhika aMza : // zrI vItarAgAya namaH / / paNaya-payakamala surayaNa-kiMnara-naraviMda naha khyr'....| ... ... ... .''paDiya, Namo Namo tujjha jiNaisA // 1 // dhavalaM varasoyare vINAkara jAsu putthiyA hatthe / gAyaMtI mahuraM.. ... ... ... ... ... 'sarasai majjhu // 2 // vIrassa paDhamagaNaharu payaDo dAyAra-laddhi siddhiie| so goyam samaraMto appau kalyANaM suhakavve // 3 // vuhipaNayaNa-payakamalaM paNamau haraseNa puvvasurINaM / muDhaiha iya savvaM pasAu jiNabhatti kayasatti // 4 // pAiya vaMdhe kavve puvvakayaM soiUNa amIyaM sagaM / / to maha parisaicchAu pattia kavva-AraMbhe // 5 // dhamma apakitti-haraNaM dhamma ukkiTTha-maMgalaM bhaNiyaM / / saMsAra-sAradhamma, dhamma dhua-sivapahe satthaM // 6 // cauvihadhammAbhaNiu jiNadevehiM caummahe payaDo / dANavahoro taha sIlaM tava bhAveNa nAmae amalaM // 7 // nANaM daMsaNa-caraNa rayaNattayaM jIvavohayaM hvi| taha kahiyaM pi hu sammaM nANapahANaM vikkhaihiM // 8 // loyaNa taiyaM nANaM nANaM dIvaMta moha-rasayalaM / nANaM tihuyaNasUraM nANaM appANaM mala-dahaNaM // 9 // nANaM dharai samma jIvaM paDiyaM mahApayA majjhe / jaha saI ya malayasuMdari vohae gosilo gavve // 10 // atthi iha bharahavAse pasiddha caMdAvAi purI nAme / kaNaya-maNi-maMdirehiM pAyAragaM tuMga-siharehiM // 11 // dayAsahio jahi loe mahAjaNo vasai jattha vrsiddhaa| iMdapurI sAricchA maDhajiNavaravihaM acchariyaM // 12 // sirivIradhavala nAme atthi nivo tattha kesarI sriso| mAyaMga ari-nariMdANa jeNa kuMbhatthalaM dliaN|| 13 // aMtima aMza : jaha sIlu dhavalu pAviu malayA saI patisaMkaDe pddio| tima ho bhavvayaNaM tumhaM rakkhaMtaha suha phalaM hoi // 793 // taha tavi mahAvaleNaM sahio uvasagga-pAmiyao mukkho| tima je nicala ThANaM lahaMti te bhaviya saMsiddhi // 794 //
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________________ 52 sATaka sto prema sumana jaina jaha tivayaM kIyaM jeyai-gurumANi pAvio mukkho / jaM kuNahi bhaviya te puNo lahaMti sivavAsa nicchayaio / / 795 / / puvva kahAanusariraiyaM harIrAja malayAvaracariyaM / massa cheu hemappaha vIrajiNacaMdo / / 796 / / sukkha soUNaM bhavapuvvadikkhamahiyA sureNaM vIreNe vA / kAUNaM kammakhayaM gayA sivapayaM pacchAsu paumA suyu // laddhaNaM malayAmahattarapayaM jAigayaM sAsivaM / pahariyA kiyaM paDalae sukkhaM cauhiMkArA / / 797 / / saMvat 1628 cetavadi 9 soma / pANDulipi - paricaya pUnA bhaNDAra kI isa prati meM kula 28 pRSTha haiM / pratyeka pRSTha para lagabhaga 14 paMktiyAM haiM evaM pratyeka paMkti meM lagabhaga 40 zabda haiM / prati kI sthiti acchI hai / kintu bhASA kI dRSTi se prati kAphI azuddha hai / saMyukta akSaroM ko prAyaH sarala akSaroM meM hI likhA gayA hai / = athi, tattha = tatha, jattha = jatha, hutto = huto, picchei - piche ityAdi / yathA - asthi 11 :1 isa pANDulipi meM grantha ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / malayasundarI ke janma - varNana taka kI kathA 130 gAthAoM taka varNita hai / ise prathama stavaka kahA gayA hai / " isake bAda usakA yauvana- varNita kiyA gayA hai / Age 383 gAthAoM taka malayasundarI ke pANigrahaNa kA varNana hai / ise dvitIya stavaka kahA gayA hai / isake Age kI gAthAoM meM 527 gAthA taka mahAbala evaM malayasundarI ke apane nagara evaM gRha meM praveza karane kA varNana hai / ise tRtIya paDala kahA gayA hai / antima caturtha stavaka ko caturtha paDala kahA gayA hai, jo 797 gAthA para samApta huA hai| isameM malayA ke zivapada kI prApti taka kI kathA varNita hai / isa taraha yaha spaSTa hai ki prastuta racanA mUla prAkRta malayasuMdarIcariyaM kA saMkSipta rUpa hai / kyoMki mUla grantha meM lagabhaga 1300 prAkRta gAthAe~ haiM jabaki isameM kula 797 gAthAe~ haiM / prastuta pANDulipi kI aMtima prazasti meM isakA racanA yA lekhana samaya saM0 1628 caita vadi 9 somavAra diyA huA hai / isase yaha pANDulipi vizeSa mahattva kI ho gayI hai / yaha alaga bAta hai ki saM0 1628 ko racanAkAla mAnA jAya yA lekhanakAla ? isakA samAdhAna granthakAra ke paricaya para vicAra karane se ho sakegA / 1. suzrAvakazrIhemarAjArthe kaviharirAja viracite jJAnaratnaupAkhyAne malayasundarIcarite malayasundarIjanmavarNano nAma prathamaH stavakaH / 2. laDhUNa malayAmahattarapayaM jAigayaM sA sivaM / heppahariyA kiyaM paDalae sukkhaM cauhiMkArA / / 797 //
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________________ afa harirAjakRta prAkRta malayasuMdarIcariyaM kavi paricaya - isa pANDulipi meM, jo cAra stavaka yA paDala haiM bar3I mahattvapUrNa haiM / cAroM meM kavi ne apane sambandha ke AdhAra para prAkRta malayasundarI ke racanAkAra ke hotA hai / unameM jo puSpikAe~ dI gayI haiM ve kucha naI bAteM batAyI haiM / isa sAmagrI sambandha meM nimna vivaraNa upalabdha kavi nAma - granthakAra ne svayaM ko harirAja, kavi harirAja, hari kavi Adi nAma se abhihita kiyA hai / prathama, dvitIya evaM tRtIya paDalaM kI puSpikA lagabhaga samAna hai / yathA suzrAvakazrIhemarAjArthe kavi harirAjaviracite jJAnaratnopAkhyAne sundarIcarite pANigrahaNa vaNNano nAma dvItI stavakaH samAptaH / isase spaSTa hai ki isa grantha kA kartA kavi harirAja hai / usane prathama puSpikA meM svayaM ko harirAja evaM tRtIya paDala meM harI kavi bhI kahA hai antima prazasti meM harIrAja uccAraNa hai / anta meM hemaprabhaArya nAma bhI kavi ke lie yA usake guru ke lie prayukta lagatA hai hema pahariyA kiyaM paDalae sukkhaM cauhaMkArA / gAthA 767 / isakA artha 'hemaprabha Arya ke dvArA ( athavA ke lie) isa caturtha paDala meM sukha kA varNana kiyA gayA' yadi kiyA jAya to vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se 'hemappahariyA kiyaM' zuddha pATha nahIM pratIta hotA hai / anya prati ke milane para isakA nirNaya ho sakegA / malayA madhyayugIna jaina sAhitya meM harirAja yA hari kavi nAma sujJAta nahIM rahA hai / phira bhI jana grantha bhaNDAroM kI graMthasUciyoM meM harikavi kA kucha vivaraNa prApta hai / 14 vIM zatAbdI meM utpanna vajrasena ke ziSya hari muni ne 'karpUraprakara' nAmaka subhASita grantha saMskRta meM praNIta kiyA hai / isa harimuni kI anya racanA nemacarita bhI hai / inake karpUrakara kI eka prati vi0 saM0 1650 kI upalabdha hai / " isa harimuni ko 'harikavi' bhI kahA gayA hai| ataH yaha svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki karpUraprakara ke harikavi hI isa malayasuMdarIcariyaM ( prAkRta ) ke harikavi yA harirAja hoM / prAkRta kI yaha racanA bhI vi0 saM0 1628 meM likhI gayI hai / ataH sambhava hai 16 vIM zatAbdI ke Asa-pAsa harikavi yA harirAja kA samaya rahA ho / 1. je atthe harirAi gAhasarase saMkhei vitthArio / gA0 131 2. Aeso kamalAsiNI harI kavi kIyA kahA suMdarI / massaggaha puvadisi hare se saMkheci vitthAriyA || gA0 529 3. puvvakahA anusari raiyaM harIrAja malayAvaracariyaM / gA0 796 4. desAI, ema0 DI0; jainasAhityano itihAsa, pR0 336 TippaNa 366 5. muni puNyavijaya; kaiTalAga Apha saMskRta eNDa prAkRta mainuskripTa, pArTa IV (1968), pR0 156 6. muni puNyavijaya, jaisalamera kalekzana, ahamadAbAda (1972), pR0 202, 259 evaM 260
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________________ 54 DA0 prema sumana jaina kavivaMza parivAra malayasundarIcariyaM kI prathama puSpikA meM kahA gayA hai ki 'zrImAla' ke vizAla nirmala kula meM zrI haMsarAja ke putra ( aMgata kavi ) harirAja ne sarasa gAthAoM meM vistAra ko saMkSepa meM prastuta kiyA hai zrI bhASasya vizAlavaMzavimale zrI hNsraajaaNgjo| je atthaM harirAi gAha-sarase saMkhei vitthArio // isase jJAta hotA hai ki kavi harirAja zrImAla vaMzIya haMsarAja ke putra the| zrImAla kula jainaparamparA meM prasiddha kula hai| eka ullekha ke anusAra saM0 1550 meM haMsarAja nAmaka eka zrAvaka hue the, jinake bhAI ekAde ne SaDAvazyaka avacUri kI prati taiyAra kI thii| ataH 15-16 vIM zatAbdI meM haMsarAja nAma pracalita thaa|| ... kavi harirAja ne kahA hai ki jJAna-darzana-cAritra ke guNoM kI nidhi aura zIla ke lie vikhyAta malayA kA jo carita hai vaha prathama janma lene vAle ( bar3e bhAI ) hema ke lie sukhakArI ho / ' Age bhI kavi ne suzrAvaka zrI hemarAja ke lie isa racanA ko likhane kA tIna bAra ullekha kiyA hai suzrAvaka zrI hemarAjArtha kavi harirAja vircite| isase spaSTa hai ki hemarAja kavi ke bar3e bhAI hI nahIM apitu isa racanA ke nirmANa meM preraNAdAyaka bhI the| isa taraha eka hI parivAra meM haMsarAja (pitA), hemarAja (bhrAtA) evaM harirAja ( kavi ) kA honA svAbhAvika lagatA hai| tInoM kI nAmarAzi eka hai aura 'rAja' zabda pratyeka nAma ke anta meM jur3A huA hai| yaha hemarAja nAma bhI 15-16 vIM zatAbdI meM pracalita thaa| bRhadanagara ( baDanagara ) meM devarAja, hemarAja evaM pATasiMha tInoM bhAI zrImaMta evaM suzrAvaka the| devarAja ne somasundarasUri ko sUripada pradAna kiyA thaa| isa hemarAja aura kavi ke bhrAtA suzrAvaka hemarAja meM koI sambandha banatA hai yA nahIM, yaha anveSaNIya hai| eka anya ullekha meM pATaNa ke zrImAla kula ke hemA kA paricaya prApta hotA hai, jisakA bhAI devo 1508 meM pAtazAha mahamUda ke rAjya meM rAjyAdhikArI thaa| yaha hemA 'hemarAja' se sambandhita nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki isakA kula to zrImAla hI hai, lekina pitA kA nAma haMsarAja na hokara madanadevasiMha hai| 1. jainasAhityano itihAsa, pairAgrApha 667 2. NANa-dasaNa-cariNoguNanihI sIlassa vikkhAtao / so malayAcariyaM sujamma-paDhame hemassa sukkhaMkaro // gA0 131 3. jainasAhityano itihAsa, pR0 453 4. vahI, pR0 503, TippaNa saMkhyA 471
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________________ kavi harirAjakRta prAkRta malayasuMdarIcariyaM - isake atirikta aMtima prazasti meM eka paMkti AyI hai-hemassa deu sukkhaM, hemappaha vIrajiNacaMdo / gA. 796 / vIra jinendra hema evaM hemaprabha ke lie sukha pradAna kreN| yahA~ prathama hema ko hemarAja suzrAvaka mAnA jA sakatA hai| kintu hemaprabha kauna hai, yaha vicAraNIya hai| agalI gAthA meM isa hemaprabha kA ullekha hai|' kahIM yaha kavi harirAja ke guru kA nAma to nahIM hai ? anya pAThabhedoM kI prApti se hI isa para kucha kahA jA skegaa| racanA vaiziSTya : malayasuMdarIcariyaM ko kavi ne pUrvakathA ke anusAra likhane kI bAta kahI hai| kintu saMketa nahIM kiyA ki unhoMne prAkRta kathA kA AdhAra liyA hai yA saMskRta kathA kaa| cUMki kavi harirAja kA samaya saM0 1628 ke lagabhaga hai ataH unhoMne aba taka racita malayasuMdarIkathA sambandhI prAkRta evaM saMskRta racanAoM kA avazya avalokana kiyA hogaa| isa samaya taka gujarAtI meM bhI malayasuMdarIrAsa zIrSaka racanAyeM kI jA cukI thiiN| malayasuMdarIkathA ke paravartI kisI lekhaka ne kavi harirAja kA ullekha yA saMketa nahIM kiyaa| isase lagatA hai ki prastuta racanA adhika prasiddha nahIM thI / kavi ne isakA apara nAma jJAnaratnaupAkhyAna' bhI diyA hai| jayatilakasUri (saM0 1456 ) ne bhI apanI racanA kA yaha apara nAma diyA hai| isa kathA ke nAyaka mahAbala evaM nAyikA malayAsuMdarI donoM hI jJAna ke ratna the| sambhavataH isI kAraNa unake kathAnaka ko 'jJAnaratnopAkhyAna' nAma kaviyoM ne diyA hai| jayatilakasUri evaM kavi harirAja donoM ne prArambha meM ratnatraya evaM jJAna ke mahattva ko prakaTa kiyA hai| yathA-tRtIya locanaM jJAnamadRSTArthaprakAzanam / dvitIyaM ca ravebimbaM dRSTetaratamo'paham // jJAnaM niSkAraNo bandhurjJAnaM mAnaM bhvaambudhau| jJAnaM praskhalatAM yaSTirjJAnaM dIpastamobhare // -jayatilakasUri, ma0 suM0 zloka 17-18 loyaNa taiyaM nANaM nANaM dIvaMtamoha-rasayalaM / nANaM tihuyaNasUraM nANaM appANaM mala-dahaNaM / / -harirAja, ma0 suM0ca0 gAthA 9 isase pratIta hotA hai ki kavi harirAja ne jayatilakasUri kRta malayasuMdarIkathA zIrSaka saMskRta racanA kA avalokana kara isa prAkRta kathA ko saMkSepa meM prastuta kiyA hai| ina donoM 1. hemappahAri yeNa (kiyaM) paDalae sukkhaM cauhiMkArA / / gA0 797 2. saM0 1543 meM kavi udayadharma kA 'malayasundarIrAsa' evaM saM0 1580 meM cArucandra kA 'mahAbala malaya sundarIrAsa' kI kaI pratiyAM prApta haiN| 3. zarmA, DA0 IzvarAnanda; 'kavi jinaharSakRta malayasundarI caritra eka paryavekSaNa' nAmaka lekha, marudharakezara abhinandana grantha, pR0 352-361 4. jaisalamerakalekzana-saM0 mUni pUNyavijaya, pR0 200, rAvIM pothI meM saMkhyA 175 kI prati
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________________ DA0 prema sumana jaina racanAoM ke antaHsAkSya se sthiti adhika spaSTa ho sakegI ki isa prAkRta racanA para pUrvavartI kaviyoM kA kitanA prabhAva hai| __ kavi harirAja ke anusAra unhoMne sarasvatI kA Adeza mAnakara isa racanA kA praNayana kiyA hai aura malayA satI kA caritra acche chandoM ( padyoM) meM prAkRta meM kahA gayA hai| zIla ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie, sajjanoM aura priyajanoM ke saMyogajanya Ananda hetu suzrAvaka zrI hemarAja ke lie unake Agraha para apanI buddhi se kavi ne isakI racanA kI yadyapi kavi ne prAkRta bhASA meM kathA likhane kA saMkalpa kiyA hai| kintu kaI sthAnoM para unhoMne saMskRta ke prayoga dvArA kathAnaka ko Age bar3hAyA hai / yathA vikrItA bhUridravyeNa tena sA pi mhaastii| vastraraMjanakAreNa krItA niHkaruNena hi // 554 // evaM ratiM na labhate kvApi laTuMtI nisi bhUtale / saMdiSTo duSTasarpaNa nigratena kuto'pi sA // 613 // 3 saMskRta kA prayoga sUktiyoM Adi ke lie bhI kiyA gayA hai / yathA varaM mRtyu na zIlasya bhaMgo yenAkSataM vratam / devatvaM labhate vA narakaM ca kSataM vrataH / / 478 // tathA satInAM zIlavidhvaMsaH hato loke'tra nizcitam / akIrti kurute kAma tIvraduHkhaM dadAti ca / / 580 // grantha kI bhASA para gujarAtI Adi kSetrIya bhASAoM kA bhI prabhAva spaSTa lakSita hotA hai| kavi ne svayaM aise padyoM ko 'dohaDA' kahA hai| mahAsatI malayA ke zIla para saMkaTa Ane ke prasaMga meM kavi usa para kudRSTi rakhane vAle ko lakSya kara kahatA hai-- pari viya pikkhiya je purisasurayasuhaM icchNti|| te rAvaNa dukkhaM niva phala pacakkha lahaMti / / 583 // bhadaMto malayAsaIya caritraM suchNd-paaikke| appANe bahImANa viya paDalaM yohAvaNamevANiya / / zrI hemaggaha-kAraNa harikavi sIlassa mAhappaDa, cAhe sajjaNa-saMgame piyajaNemelaM ca ANaMdaNe // 385 / / 2. malayasuMdarIcariyaM (pUnA pANDulipi), patra pRSTha 39 3. vahI, patra pRSTha 44 4. vahI, patra pRSTha 42 5. vahI,
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________________ 57 kavi harirAjakRta prAkRta malayasuMdarIcariyaM jaba malayA aura mahAbala kA bahuta dinoM ke bAda saMyoga huA to unheM atizaya Ananda huaa| kavi kahatA hai ki priyajanoM ke milApa kA Ananda jinendra ke atirikta anya koI nahIM jAnatA - vallaha jaNamelAvau jaM suha himaDai hoi| tihi pamANu jiNavara kahai avara na jANai koi / / 654 // ' malayasuMdarIcariyaM kI prAkRta kI tIna pANDulipiyoM kA paricaya hamane jo pahale lekha meM diyA thA, usase pUnA kI yaha prati bhinna hai / bambaI, AgarA, lIMbar3I, jaisalamera aura sUrata ke granthabhaNDAroM meM isa kathA kI jisa prAkRta pANDulipiyoM ke hone kA saMketa hai, ve abhI prApta nahIM kI jA sakI haiN| unheM dekhane para hI jJAta hogA ki pUnA kI prati se unakA koI sambandha hai yA nahIM / yadi pUnA kI yaha prati akelI bhI ho to bhI isakA kaI dRSTiyoM se mahattva hai| malayasuMdarIcariyaM ke sampAdana ke sAtha ise bhI prakAza meM lAne kA prayatna hama kreNge| vibhAgAdhyakSa jainavidyA evaM prAkRta vibhAga sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya udayapura (rAja.) 1. malayasuMdarIcariyaM (pUnA pANDulipi) patra pRSTha 44 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 302 evaM 305 Adi /