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________________ kAtantra vyAkaraNa DA0 bhagIratha prasAda tripAThI 'vAgIza' zAstrI saMpUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI vyAkaraNa kI paraMparA aura kAtantra vyAkaraNa kA sthAna bhArata meM vedArthoM kI vyAkhyA ke liye cirakAla se prAtizAkhya, nirukta aura vyAkaraNa ke rUpa meM zabdAnuzAsana kI vRhat paramparA pAI jAtI hai / prAtizAkhyoM meM pada-vibhaNa Adi ke rUpa meM varNita prakriyA vedoM ke zabdAnuzAsana kI aMzataH ho vyAkhyA karatI hai| yAskIya nirukta meM batAyA gayA hai ki nirukta ke liye vyAkaraNa kA jJAna Avazyaka hai| isaliye vyAkaraNa-rUpa zabdAnuzAsana nirukta se prAcIna hai / yadyapi prAcIna bhAratIya vAGmaya vyAkaraNoM ke nAma pAye jAte hai, phira bhI prakaraNAdhArita hone se usa paramparA ke aneka vyAkaraNa lupta ho gaye / lekina inameM mAhezI paramparA Aja bhI jIvita hai| kucha loga yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki mAhendrI paramparA bhI AMzika rUpa se jIvita hai| zabdAnuzAsana kI yaha paramparA do prakAra kI hai mAtRkA pATha-rUpa (vistRta) aura pratyAhAra rUpa saMkSipta / Ajakala vidyamAna sabhI vyAkaraNa grantha prAyaH pratyAhara-rUpa dvitIya paramparA kA anusaraNa karate haiN| taittirIya saMhitA anusAra vAk-vyAkhyAna meM liye devoM ne indu se prArthanA kii| isa AdhAra para mAhendrI paramparA mahendra ke guru vRhaspati ne pracalita kI hai / usakA vistAra dekhakara bhagavAn pataMjali ne apane mahAbhASya meM batAyA hai ki vRhaspati ne indra ko yaha vyAkaraNa eka hajAra varSa taka par3hAyA para samApta nahIM ho pAyA / AThavIM ke haribhadra sUri ne batAyA ki jainendra vyAkaraNa (devanaMdi pUjyapAda) hI aindra-vyAkaraNa hai / aThAravIM sadI meM utpanna rAjarSi ne apane 'bhagavat vAdinI' nAmaka grantha meM batAyA hai ki aindra vyAkaraNa (jai0 vyA0 ) bhagavAn mahAvIra-praNIta hai aura isake samarthana meM aneka tarka diye haiN| isa grantha meM jainendra vyAkaraNa kA sUtrapATha hI dadyabaddha hai| pUjyapAda ne pANini ke vyAkaraNa para 'zabdAvatAra nyAsa' nAmaka TIkA hai| pANini ke pUrvavartI vyAkaraNoM ke aneka siddhanta bhI jainendra vyAkaraNa meM pAye jAte haiN| lekina isase 'jainendra vyAkaraNa' ko aindra vyAkaraNa nahIM kahA jA sakatA / jainendra zabda meM indra-zabda hone se aisA AbhAsa huA hai| kucha vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki jainendra vyAkaraNa devanaMdi AcArya ne banAyA hai jinakA dUsarA nAma jinendra buddhi bhI hai| mahendra vyAkaraNa vistRta hai aura samaya-sAdhya hai| isaliye mahAmuni pANini ne maheza paramparA meM pratyAhArarUpa prathama saMkSipta zabdAnuzAsana bnaayaa| isaliye isameM koI Azcarya nahIM karanA cAhiye ki mahendra paramparA ke anya vyAkaraNa pANinIya vyAkaraNa se vistRta haiM / pANini vyAkaraNa meM bhI prAcIna vyAkaraNoM ke aneka sUtra pAye jAte haiM / usane ise aneka AcAryoM ke nAma sAdara diye haiM jinake mata usane grahaNa kiye haiN| pratyAhara-sUtroM ke atirikta pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI meM bahutere sUtra prAcIna vyAkaraNoM se liye gaye haiM / yaha tathya sUtroM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai / jaina aura bauddha-vyAkaraNa avaidika hai, phira bhI ve aMzataH mahendra paramparA kA anukaraNa karate haiN| isake bAvajUda bhI ve pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke mahatva ko svIkAra karate haiN| isIliye antaravartI vaiyAkaraNa pANini ke pratyArasUtra krama ko samAviSTa karane kA lobha saMvaraNa nahIM kara pAye / kAtantra kA nAmakaraNa vartamAna meM upalabdha kAtantra vyAkaraNa pANini kA uttarakAlIna zabdAnuzAsana hai / yaha vistRta mahendra paramparA kA hai| isameM mahendra paramparA kI saMkSipta pratyAhAra-prakriyA nahIM apanAI gaI hai| kAtaMtra-vyAkaraNa ke nAma ke viSaya meM
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________________ 44 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa vidvAnoM ke aneka mata haiM, phira bhI isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai ki yaha kisI vRhattaMtra se saMkSepita huA hai / isake nAma kI vyAkhyA nimna rUpoM meM kI gaI hai| durgasiMha ku= laghu taMtra hI kA taMtra hai| kutsi taMtra kA taMtra hai| kArtikeya taMtra kA taMtra hai| durgAsiMha kAtyAyana taMtra kA taMtra hai| kAzakRtsna taMtra kA taMtra hai| hemacandra kAlApaka taMtra kA taMtra hai| agnipurANa, vAyupurANa kumAra-skanda-prokta taMtra kA taMtra hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki kAtaMtra meM prathama akSara ke sAtha taMtra zabda jor3akara kAtaMtra nAma rakhA gayA hai| isase bhinnabhinna matavAdI bhinna-bhinna vyAkaraNoM se isake saMkSepaNa kI sUcanA dete haiM / kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa kisI vRhattaMtra se saMkSepita kiyA gayA hai, yaha mAnyatA dasavIM sadI ke vRttikAroM meM pracalita rahatI hai| bhagavata kumAra kArtikeya ke dvArA praNota zAstra ke bAda unakI AjJA se sarvavarmana ne ise banAyA, isaliye ise kaumAra taMtra bhI kahA jAtA hai| isakI prasiddhi kaumAra taMtra ke rUpa meM mAno jAto hai, yaha jJAtavya hai ki kumAra kArtikeya caurazAstrAcArya ke rUpa meM vizrata hai, vyAkaraNazAstrAcArya ke rUpa meM nhiiN| 'kumAra' ke bho aneka artha lagAye gaye haiN| kumArI-sarasvatI se prApta hone ke kAraNa ise kaumAra taMtra kahate haiM / mora ke paMkhadhArI ko kalApa kahate haiM / triviSTapI paramparA ke anusAra kAtaMtra kA upadeza mayUrapacchiyoM ke madhya kiyA gayA hai / jaina sAdhu mora-paMkhoM se banI pIchI ko dhAraNa karate haiM aura upadeza dete haiN| isaliye ise kAlApaka taMtra bhI kahate hai| kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa ke kartA aura usakA samaya bhAvasena ne apanI 'kAtaMtra rUpamAlA' meM zrI zarvavarman ko kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa kA racayitA mAnA hai / zarvavarmA kA hI dUsarA nAma vararuci hai| unhoMne hI aindra vyAkaraNa ko saMkSipta kara kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa banAyA hai| yaha triviSTapoya vidvat paramparA mAnatI hai / durgasiMha ne batAyA hai ki kAtaMtra kA kRdanta bhAga vararuci ne likhA haiN| vaha vAtikakAra kAtyAyana se bhinna hai, usase paravartI hai / inhoMne prAkRtaprakAza anya bhI banAyA hai| inakA dUsarA nAma zrutidhara bhI thA / ye tIsarI sadI meM hue the / mahAbhASyakAra zarvavarmana ke bAda hue haiM, yaha kathana satya nahIM hai / 'kathAsarit sAgara' ke anusAra, prAkRta bhASAvettA sAta vAhana kI rAjasabhA meM gaNADhya aura sarvavarmA nAma ke khyAtiprApta vidvAna the| isake hI anusAra, rAjA dopaNi kA putra sAtavAhana thA jo saMskRta bhASA nahIM jAnatA thA / sambhavataH yaha siMha kI savAro karatA thA, isIliye isakA nAma sAtavAhana pdd'aa| [isake sAta vAhana (azvAdi, saptivAhana) the, isaliye bhI isakA nAma sAtavAhana ho sakatA hai / ] isakA eka anya nAma 'zaktivAhana' bhI mAnA jAtA hai / 'zaktihotra' zabda se zakti kA bhI vAhanArthakatva siddha hotA hai| aitihAsika pramANoM se patA calatA hai ki Andhra ke rAjAoM ne rAjya kA vistAra kiyA aura 'sAtavAhana' padavI grahaNa kii| inameM sAtakaNi dvitIya chaThA sAtavAhana rAjA huaa| kathAsarit sAgara ke anusAra, isI kA nAma 'dIpaNi' rahA hai / sAtavAhana vaMza meM sAtavA rAjA 'hAla' nAmadhArI huA / isI prAkRta premI rAjA kI rAjasabhA meM guNADhya aura zavaMvarmana the / iso rAjA ke rAjyakAla meM kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa kA nirmANa huaa| isa rAjA kA samaya prathama sado (20-24 I0) nirdhArita hai| isI kA samakAlIna zUdraka nAma kA rAjA huA jisane padmaprAbhRta meM kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa kA ullekha kiyA hai / rAjA puSyamitra ke samakAlIna mahAbhASyakAra pataMjali kA samaya IsA pUrva dUsarI
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________________ kAtantra vyAkaraNa 445 sadI nizcita hai| phalataH zarvavarmana pataMjali kA paryApta uttaravartI hai| phira bhI yudhiSThira mImAMsaka ise sAtavAhana se bhI pUrvavartI mAnate haiN| isa grantha ke kartA jaina the yA ajaina, isa para vidvAnoM kA mata spaSTa nahIM hai| eka ora somadeva zarvavarman ko ajaina mAnate hai, vahI bhAvasena vidya (12-13 sadI) aura hemacaMdra unheM jaina mAnate hai| isake 'siddho varNasamAmnAyaH' nAmaka prathama sUtra meM siddha' zabda kA honA ise jainakartRka pramANita karatA hai| isake sabhI TIkAkAra prAyaH jaina hI hue haiN| isakA jainoM meM hI pracAra bhI adhika rahA hai| isa vyAkaraNa ke antaHparIkSaNa se bhI isake jaina-kartaka hone kA AbhAsa milatA hai| kAtantra vyAkaraNa ko TokAyeM aura vRttiyAM granthakartA ke anusAra, yaha grantha alpamati, AlasI, lokayAtrI, vaNik Adi sAmAnyajanoM ke 'zIghrabodha' ke liye likhA gayA hai / isIliye yaha itanA laghu, sarala evaM sahaja kaNThasthanIya hai / isakI lokapriyatA ke kAraNa hI yaha bauddhoM ke liye upayogI bnaa| isakA pracAra bhArata ke bAhara tibbata meM bhI huaa| para vartamAna meM isakA pracalana mukhyataH baMgAla meM hai| isakI lokapriyatA kA eka pramANa yaha bhI hai ki isa para anekoM TIkAyeM evaM vRttiyA~ likhI gaI / inakA kucha vivaraNa sAraNI 1 meM hai| sAraNI 1 kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa kI TokAyeM vRttiyAM samaya, vi0 1208 1150-1250 1328 TIkAkAra/vRttikAra durgasiMha 2. vijayAnaMda (vidyAnaMda) bhAvasena vidya jinaprabodhasUri 5. saMgrAmasiMha 6. jinaprabha sUri pradyumna sUri, AcArya 8. mestuMga sUri 9. vardhamAna 10. muni caritra siMha 11. harSacandra 12. dharmaghoSa sUri 13. Acarya rAjazekhara sUri 14. somakIti 15. pRthvIcaMdra sUri 1352 1369 1448 1448 TIkA vRtti nAma kAtaMtra-vRtti kAtaMtrottara vyAkaraNa kAtaMtra rUpamAlA durgapada prabodha bAlazikSA kAtaMtra vibhrama TIkA daurgasiMhI vRtti bAlabodha vyAkaraNa kAtaMtra vistara kAtaMtra vibhrama TokA kAtaMtra-dIpaka kAtaMtra nibaMdha vRttitraya nibaMdha kAtaMtravRttipara paMjikA kAtaMtra rUpamAlA laghuvRtti kAtaMtra rUpamAlA-TIkA kAtaMtra rUpamAlA laghuvRtti kAtaMtra vyAkaraNavRtti bAla bodha 1300-1400 16. sakalakIti-2 17. AcArya ravivarmA 18. pannAlAla vAkalIvAla 56
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________________ 446 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa isase spaSTa hotA hai ki hema aura sArasvata vyAkaraNa ke samAna yaha apane samaya meM atyanta mahattvapUrNa vyAkaraNa rahA hogA jisase samasta saMskRtavettA prabhAvita hue aura ise upayogI mAnate rhe| aisA mAnA jAtA hai zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa para kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa kA gahana prabhAva hai, yadyapi usameM pratyAhAra zailI ko apanAyA gayA hai| hemacaMdrAcArya bhI zAkaTAyana se prabhAvita haiN| phalataH ve bhI parokSarUpa se kAtaMtra se prabhAvita haiN| vastutaH hemacaMdra ne ho ise kalApakataMtra kahA hai| uttaravartI vaiyAkaraNa bhI isase prabhAvita rahe hai| __ kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa anya vyAkaraNoM kI apekSA saMkSipta aura sarala hai| isameM sUtroM kI saMkhyA bhI kama hai / isameM pANini ka 4111 sUtroM ko tulanA meM kula 1400 sUtra ho hai / isameM saMjJAoM kA svataMtra prakaraNa nahIM hai, unheM sandhipAda meM hI nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| isameM vyAkaraNa meM upayogo taddhita, kRdanta, tiGanta Adi anya sabhI prakaraNa saMkSepa meM hai| isake tiGanta prakaraNa meM kAlavAco kriyAoM kA nAmakaraNa viziSTa rUpa meM kiyA hai / isakA anukaraNa hemacaMdrAcArya bhI kiyA hai| isameM virAma meM anusvAra hone kI vizeSatA bhI pAI jAtI hai| isa bAta kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai ki isakA vaijJAnika rUpa se susaMpAdita saMskaraNa prakAzita kiyA jAve / pAya 1. aindra vyAkaraNa 2. kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa 3. jainendra vyAkaraNa jaina vyAkaraNoM kA saMkSita vivaraNa indra AcArya I.pU. chaThavIM sadI A0 sarvavarman vararuci tIsarI sadI pUjyapAda AcArya pAMcavIM sadI 885/1400 sUtra 18 TIkA paMcAdhyAyI, anekazeSa 3000/3700 sUtra chaThavI sadI navamI sado 1023 1088 cAra adhyAya 10 vRtti/TIkArya 16 pAda, 3236 sUtra 6 TIkAyeM 8adhyAya 5651 sUtra 4. kSapaNaka vyAkaraNa 5. zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa 6. paMcagranthI vyAkaraNa 7. siddha hemacaMdra zabdAnuzAsana 8. paMcagrantho vyAkaraNa 9. premalAbha vyAkaraNa 10. malayagiri zabdAnuzAsana 11. sArasvata vyAkaraNa kSapaNaka/siddhasena zAkaTAyana pAlyakIti buddhisAgara sUri A0 hemacadra / buddhisAgara sUri munipremalAbha malayagiri anubhUti svarUpa 1226 1131-1193 15vIM sadI 27 TokAyeM 700 sUtra 23 TokAyeM yazobhadra Arya vajrasvAmo bhUtabalI 12. jaina vyAkaraNa 13. jaina vyAkaraNa 14. jaina vyAkaraNa 15. jaina vyAkaraNa 16. jaina vyAkaraNa 17. jaina vyAkaraNa 18. vidyAnanda vyAkaraNa 19. nUtana vyAkara 20. dIpaka vyAkaraNa 21. cintAmaNi vyAkaraNa 22. zabdANaMva vyAkaraNa zrIdatta prabhAcaMdra siMhanandi vidyAnaMda jayasiMha sUri bhadrezvara sUri AcArya zubhacaMdra muni sahajakIrti 1265 I0 1383 terahavIM sadI 1548 1623