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________________ karma kA astitva / yuvAcArya zrI madhukara muni jainadarzana yA kaI anya darzana AtmA ko apane zuddha mUla svabhAva kI dRSTi se samAna mAnate haiM / mUlataH AtmAoM ke svarUpa meM koI antara nahIM hai| parantu vizva ke vizAla maMca para sabhI dharmoM aura darzanoM ke vyaktiyoM se lekara sAdhAraNa janatA taka sabhI kA yaha pratyakSa anubhava hai ki sabhI AtmAeM eka-sI nahIM haiM, ekarUpa nahIM haiN| jidhara dRSTi daur3Ate haiM, udhara hI vividhatA, vicitratA aura vibhinnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| ina vibhinnatAoM kI daSTi se hI dharmazAstroM meM 4 gatiyAM aura 84 lAkha jIva-yoniyAM mAnI gaI haiN| sabhI gatiyoM aura yoniyoM kI paristhiti bhI eka-sI nahIM hai| koI pazu-pakSI rUpa meM hai to koI manuSya rUpa meM hai, koI devatA rUpa meM hai to koI nArakajIva ke rUpa meM hai| itanA hI nahIM, eka hI taraha ke prANiyoM meM bhI hajAroM-lAkhoM bheda kI rekhAeM haiN| eka manuSya jAti ko hI le leM, usameM bhI koI krUra hai, to koI dayAlu hai, koI saralatA kI mUrti hai to koI kuTilatA kI pratimUrti, koI saMyamI hai to koI parale darje kA asaMyamI; koI lobhI-lAlacI hai to koI santoSI udAra hai; koI rAga-dvaSa se atyanta lipta hai, to koI vItarAga hai| manuSyoM meM bhI zarIra, mana, buddhi, dhana Adi ko lekara bhI asaMkhya bhinnatAeM haiM / koI zarIra se dubalA-patalA hai to koI haTTA-kaTTA, moTA-tAjA, koI sundara surUpa hai to koI kAlA kurUpa hai, koI janma se hI rogI hai, to koI bilakula svastha evaM nIrogI hai ; kisI kA zarIra bilakula beDola, baunA, aMgahIna hai, to kisI kA suDola, kadAvara evaM pUrNAMga hai| koI alpAyu hai to koI cirAyu, koI roba vAlA hai, to koI sarvathA prabhAvahIna / koI ahaMkAra kA putalA hai to koI namra evaM nirabhimAna / koI mAyAvI evaM kapaTI hai to dUsarA bilakula sarala, nizchala evaM niSkapaTa / koI duHkha kI bhaTTI meM burI taraha tapa rahA hai, jabaki koI sukha caina kI baMsI bajA rahA hai / koI nipaTa mUrkha, nirakSara bhaTTAcArya hai, to koI buddhimAna aura pratibhAzAlI hai| kisI ke pAsa dhana kA Dhera lagA huA hai to koI paise-paise ke lie muhatAja ho rahA hai| koI choTA hai to koI bar3A / koI bAlaka hai, koI yuvaka hai, koI vRddha hai| prazna hai ki yaha vibhinnatA kyoM ? 'ege AyA' (AtmA samAna hai) ke 1. sthAnAMga sUtra sU0 1 / Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ 28 ] [ karma siddhAnta sUtrAnusAra AtmA jaba AtmA hai to usakA rUpa eka-sA honA caahie| itanI virUpatA aura vicitratA kyoM ? eka hI tattva meM do virodhI rUpa nahIM hone caahie| yadi haiM to unameM se koI eka hI rUpa maulika evaM vAstavika honA caahie| donoM to vAstavika evaM maulika nahIM ho sakate / ataH AtmA ke kisa rUpa ko vAstavika mAnA jAe ? andhakAra aura prakAza donoM eka nahIM ho skte| isakA samAdhAna jainadarzana ne isa prakAra kiyA hai-AtmAoM kI yaha vibhinnatA, vividhatA yA virUpatA unakI apanI nahIM hai, svarUpagata nahIM hai| AtmA to zuddha sonA hai| mUlata: usameM koI bheda nahIM hai, kisI bhI prakAra kI vividhatA yA virUpatA nahIM hai| jo AtmA kA svarUpa nigoda ke jIva meM hai, vahI svarUpa nArakI, tiryaMcoM, devoM aura manuSyoM kI AtmA kA hai, vahI svarUpa mokSagata mukta AtmAoM kA hai, isameM tilamAtra bhI bheda nahIM hai / adhyAtma jagat ke vizleSaNakAra jaina kavi dyAnatarAyajI kaha rahe haiM : jo nigoda meM so mujha mAMhI, soI hai zivathAnA / 'dyAnata' nihace raMcabheda nahIM, jAne so mativAnA / / ApA prabhu jAnA, maiM jaanaa| __ ataH yaha nizcita siddhAnta hai ki dravya dRSTi se, arthAt apane mUla svarUpa se sabhI AtmAeM zuddha haiM,' eka svarUpa haiM,2 azuddha koI nahIM hai / jo azuddhatA hai, virUpatA hai, bheda hai, vibhinnatA hai, vaha saba vibhAva se-paryAya dRSTi se hai| jisa prakAra jala meM uSNatA bAhara ke tejas padArthoM ke saMyoga se utpanna hotI hai, usI prakAra prAtmA meM bhI kAma, krodha, lobha, moha, bhaya, sukha-du:kha Adi kI virUpatA-vibhinnatA bAhara se AtI hai, andara se nhiiN| andara meM hara pAtmA meM caitanya kA prakAza jagamagA rahA hai| prazna hotA hai, AtmAoM meM vibhinnatA, virUpatA yA azuddhi ahetuka yA Akasmika hai yA sahetuka-sakAraNaka ? yadi azuddhatA ko ahetuka mAnA jAe to phira vaha kabhI dUra nahIM ho sakegI, kyoMki vaha phira sadA ke lie rhegii| aisI sthiti meM AtmA meM suSupta paramAtma tattva ko jagAne, AtmA ke ananta prakAza ko Avatta karane vAle AvaraNoM se mukti pAne kI sAdhanA kA koI artha nahIM raha jaataa| isalie jala meM AI huI uSNatA kI taraha AtmA meM AI huI azuddhatA sahetuka hai, ahetuka nhiiN| 1. savve suddhA hu suddhaNayA'-dravya saMgraha / 2. ege AyA-sthAnAMga sU01 / Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ karma kA astitva ] [ 26 isa dRzyamAna vizva meM do prakAra ke padArtha dikhAI dete haiM - cetana (jIva ) aura acetana (jar3a yA ajIva ) / donoM ke guNa-dharma, astitva aura kriyAeM pRthak-pRthak haiM / taba phira inameM vikAra, vibhinnatA aura azuddhatA dikhane kA kyA kAraNa hai ? kAraNa hai- vijAtIya padArtha kA saMyoga / pratyeka padArtha ke samAna guNa-dharma, nijI svabhAva tathA usase mela khAne vAlI kriyA se sambandhita padArtha sajAtIya kahalAtA hai / tathA usa padArtha ke svabhAva, guNa dharma tathA kriyA se viparIta svabhAva, guNadharma yA kriyA vAlA padArtha kahalAtA hai - vijAtIya / sajAtIya padArthoM ke saMyoga se vikAra paidA nahIM hotA, vikAra paidA hotA hai-- sajAtIya ke sAtha vijAtIya padArthoM ke saMyoga ke kAraNa / jIva ke lie ajIva vijAtIya padArtha hai / jaba jIva ke sAtha ajIva kA saMyoga hotA hai to jIva ( AtmA ) meM vikAra utpanna hotA hai / niSkarSa yaha hai - karma nAma kA yaha ajIva hI eka vijAtIya padArtha hai, jo AtmAoM kI zuddhatA ko bhaMga karake unakI sthiti meM bheda DAlatA hai, virUpatA yA vibhinnatA paidA karatA hai / jaise sau TaMcI sonA zuddha hai, sabhI sonA svarNa dRSTi se samAna hai, lekina usameM vijAtIya tattva 'khoTa' mila jAne para vividhatA yA virUpatA paidA ho jAtI hai / isI prakAra zuddha AtmAnoM ke sAtha karma nAmaka vijAtIya jIva pudgala mila jAne se AtmAnoM meM virUpatA yA vibhinnatA paidA ho jAtI hai / vizva kI AtmAoM (jIvoM) meM azuddhatA, vibhinnatA yA viSamatAoM kA bhI eka bIja hai- vijAtIya kAraNa hai - jisakA svabhAva AtmA se alaga hai, vaha bIja (kAraNa) hai - karma / isIlie AcArAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai 'kammuNA uvAhI jAyaha' / ' karma bIja ke kAraNa hI jIvoM kI nAnA upAdhiyAM haiM, vividha avasthAeM haiM / AtmA kI vibhinna sAMsArika pariNatiyoM - zravasthAoM ke lie sabhI AtmavAdI dArzanikoM ne karma ko hI kAraNa mAnA hai / bhagavatI sUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa prazna kA isI prakAra kA uttara diyA hai : -: 'kammazraNaM bhaMte ! jIve, no-prakammazro vimattibhAvaM pariNamaI ? kammazraNaM, jao No prakamma o vimattibhAvaM pariNamaI | 2 1. AcArAMga sUtra 1 / 3 / 1 / 2. bhagavatI sUtra 12 / 5 / Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ 30 ] [ karma siddhAnta pratyeka jIva ke sukha:duHkha tathA tatsambandhI nAnAvidha sthitiyAM kyA karma kI vividhatA - vicitratA para avalambita haiM, akarma para to nahIM haiM ? gautama ! samasta saMsArI jIvoM ke karmabIja bhinna-bhinna hone ke kAraNa hI unakI sthiti aura dazA meM antara hai, vibhinnatA hai, akarma ke kAraNa nahIM | AcArya devendra sUri ise aura adhika spaSTatA ke sAtha kahate haiM --- 'kSmAbhRdrakayormanISijaDayo: sadrUpa-nirUpayoH, zrImad - durgatayorbalAbalavatArnI roga rogArttayoH / saubhAgyA'subhagatva saMgama juSostulye'ti nRtve'ntaraM, yattatkarmanibandhanaM tadapi no jIva vinA yuktimat // ' rAjA-raMka, buddhimAna mUrkha, surUpa- kurUpa, dhanika- nirdhana, sabala- nirbala, meM manuSyatva samAna hone para bhI aura vaha karma jIva (AtmA) ke siddha karane ke lie isase bar3hakara rogI- nirogI, bhAgyazAlI - abhAgA, ina saba jo antara dikhAI detA hai, vaha saba karmakRta hai binA ho nahIM sakatA / karma ke astitva ko aura kyA pramANa ho sakatA hai ? kaI loga, jinameM mukhya rUpa se nAstika, cArvAka Adi haiM, kahate haiMkarma siddhAnta ko mAnane kI kyA prAvazyakatA hai, isI loka meM pAMca bhUtoM ke saMyoga se acchA-burA jo kucha milatA hai, mila jAtA hai, isase Age kucha nahIM hotA, zarIra jalakara yahIM khAka ho jAtA hai, phira kahIM mAnA hai, na jAnA hai / parantu cArvAka ke isa kathana kA khaNDana isa bAta se ho jAtA hai / eka sarIkhI miTTI aura eka hI kumhAra dvArA banAye jAne vAle ghar3oM meM paMcabhUta samAna hote hue bhI antara kyoM dikhAI detA hai ? isI prakAra eka hI mAtA-pitA ke do, eka sAtha utpanna hue bAlakoM meM sAdhana aura paMcabhUta eka se hone para bhI unakI buddhi, zakti Adi meM antara pAyA jAtA hai, isa antara kA kAraNa karma kopUrvakRta karma ko mAne binA koI cArA nahIM / yahI bAta jina bhadra gaNi kSamAzramaNa kara rahe haiM - jo tulasAhaNAraNaM phale viseso Na so viNA heuM / kajjataNao goyamA ! ghaDovva heU ya so kamma || eka sarIkhe sAdhana hone para bhI phala (pariNAma) meM jo tAratamya yA antara mAnava jagata meM dikhAI de rahA hai, binA kAraNa ke nahIM ho sakatA / jaise Jain Educationa International 1. karmagraMtha, prathama TIkA / 2. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya / For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ karma kA astitva ] [ 31 eka sarIkhI miTTI aura eka hI kumhAra dvArA banAye jAne vAle ghar3oM meM vibhinnatA pAI jAtI hai, vaise hI eka sarIkhe sAdhana hone para bhI mAnavoM meM jo antara pAyA jAtA hai, usakA koI na koI kAraNa honA cAhie, gautama ! vividhatA kA vaha kAraNa karma hI hai| paMcAdhyAyI meM isI siddhAnta kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai ___eko daridra eko hi zrImAniti ca karmaNaH / ' karma kI siddhi meM yahI akATya pramANa hai-isa saMsAra meM koI daridra hai to koI dhanI (yaha karma ke hI kAraNa hai)| ' AtmA ko maNi kI upamA dete hue tattvArtha zloka vArtika meM isI tathya kA udghATana kiyA gayA hai 'malAvRtamaNevyaktiryathAnekavicekSyate / karmAvRtAtmanastadvat yogyatA vividhA na kim ! '2 jisa prakAra mala se prAvRtta maNi kI abhivyakti vividha rUpoM meM hotI hai, usI prakAra karma-mala se prAvRtta prAtmA kI vividha avasthAeM yA yogyatAeM dRSTigocara hotI haiN| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki agara karma ko nahIM mAnA jAegA to janmajanmAntara evaM ihaloka-paraloka kA sambandha ghaTita nahIM ho skegaa| agara saMsArI AtmA ke sAtha karma nAma kI kisI cIja kA saMyoga nahIM hai, aura sabhI AtmAeM samAna haiM, taba to sabakA zarIrAdi eka sarIkhA honA cAhie, sabako mana, buddhi, indriya tathA bhautika sampadAeM evaM vAtAvaraNa Adi eka sarIkhe milane cAhie, parantu aisA kadApi sambhava nahIM hotA, isalie karma ko usakA kAraNa mAnanA anivArya hai| isI dRSTi se 'AcArAMga sUtra' meM AtmA ko mAnane vAle ke lie tIna bAteM aura mAnanA Avazyaka batAyA hai 'se AyAvAdI logAvAdI kammAvAdI kiriyAvAdI' 3 ___ jo AtmavAdI (AtmA ko jAnane-mAnane vAlA) hotA hai vaha lokavAdI (ihaloka-paraloka Adi mAnane vAlA) avazya hotA hai| jo lokavAdI hotA hai, use zubha-azubha karma ko avazya mAnanA hotA hai, isalie vaha karmavAdI avazya 1. paMcAdhyAyI 2 / 50 / 2. tattvArtha zloka vA0 161 / 3. AcArAMga sUtra 1, sUtra 3 / Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ 32 ] [ karma kA siddhAnta hotA hai aura jo karmavAdI hotA hai, use kriyAvAdI avazya hI honA par3atA hai, kyoMki kriyA se karma hote haiN| AtmA kI vibhinna avasthAoM, gatiyoM aura yoniyoM ko tathA punarjanma sambandhI kaI ghaTanAoM ko dekhate hue yaha niHsaMdeha kahA jA sakatA hai ki karmatva ko mAne binA ye saba siddha nahIM hote| mAtA ke garbha meM Ane se lekara janma hone taka bAlaka ko jo duHkha bhogane par3ate haiM, unheM bAlaka ke isa janma ke karmaphala to nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki garbhAvasthA meM to bAlaka ne koI bhI acchA yA burA kAma nahIM kiyA hai aura na hI una duHkhoM ko mAtA-pitA ke karmoM kA phala kaha sakate haiM, kyoMki mAtApitA jo bhI acche-bure kArya kareM, usakA phala bAlaka ko akAraNa hI kyoM bhoganA par3e ? aura bAlaka jo bhI duHkha garbhAvasthA meM bhogatA hai, use akAraNa mAnanA to nyAyocita nahIM hai, kAraNa ke binA koI bhI kArya ho nahIM sakatA, yaha akATya siddhAnta hai| yadi yoM kahA jAe ki garbhAvasthA meM hI mAtA-pitA ke AcAra-vicAra, AhAra-vihAra aura zArIrika-mAnasika avasthAoM kA prabhAva bAlaka para par3ane lagatA hai| aisI sthiti meM prazna uThatA hai ki bAlaka ko aise mAtA-pitA kyoM mile ? antatogatvA, isakA uttara yahI hogA ki garbhastha zizu ke pUrvajanmakRta jaise karma the, tadanusAra use vaise mAtA-pitA, sukhaduHkha evaM anukUla-pratikUla saMyoga mile / kaI bAra yaha dekhane meM AtA hai ki mAtA-pitA bilakula anapar3ha haiM, aura unakA bAlaka pratibhAzAlI vidvAn hai| bAlaka kA zarIra to mAtA-pitA ke raja-vIrya se banA hai, phira unameM avidyamAna jJAnataMtu bAlaka ke mastiSka meM Ae kahAM se ? kahIM-kahIM isase bilakula viparIta dekhA jAtA hai ki mAtA-pitA kI yogyatA bahuta hI bar3hI-car3hI hai, lekina unakA lar3akA hajAra prayatna karane para bhI vidvAn evaM yogya na bana sakA, mUrkharAja hI rahA / kahIM-kahIM mAtA-pitA kI sI jJAnazakti bAlaka meM dekhI jAtI hai| eka chAtrAvAsa meM eka hI kakSA ke chAtroM ko eka-sI sAdhana-suvidhA, dekharekha, paristhiti aura adhyApaka maMDalI milane para tathA samaya bhI eka-sarIkhA milane para kaI chAtroM kI bauddhika kSamatA, pratibhA-zakti aura sphuraNA gajaba kI hotI hai, jabaki kaI chAtra manda buddhi, par3hane meM susta, bauddhika kSamatA meM bahuta kamajora hote haiN| isake atirikta ekaeka sAtha janme hue do bAlakoM ko eka-sI paravariza evaM dekhabhAla hone para bhI samAna nahIM hote| eka sthUla buddhi evaM sAdhAraNa-sA rahatA hai, dUsarA vilakSaNa, kuzala aura yogya bana jAtA hai, eka kA roga se pIchA nahIM chUTatA, dUsarA masta pahalavAna-sA hai| eka dIrghAyu banatA hai, jabaki dUsarA asamaya meM hI mauta kA mehamAna bana jAtA hai| yaha to itihAsavid jAnate haiM ki jitanI zakti Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ karma kA astitva ] mahArANA pratApa, zivAjI Adi meM thI, utanI unakI santAnoM meM nahIM thii| jo bauddhika zakti hemacandrAcArya meM thI, vaha unake mAtA-pitA meM nahIM thii| karma siddhAnta ko mAne binA ina sabakA yathocitta samAdhAna nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki isa janma meM dikhAI dene vAlI vilakSaNatAeM na to vartamAna janma ke kAryoM kA phala hai, aura na hI mAtA-pitA kI kRti kA, na sirpha paristhiti kA hai| isake lie pUrvajanma ke zubhAzubha karmoM ko mAnanA par3atA hai, isa prakAra eka pUrvajanma siddha hote hI aneka pUrvajanmoM kI zRkhalA siddha ho jAtI hai, kyoMki asAdhAraNa jJAnazakti kisI eka hI janma ke abhyAsa kA phala nahIM ho sktii| gItA meM bhI isakA samarthana kiyA gayA hai 'aneka janma saMsiddhistato yAnti parAM gatim / ' aneka janmoM meM jAkara antaHkaraNa zuddhirUpa siddhi prApta hotI hai, usake pazcAt sAdhaka parA (mokSa) gati ko prApta kara letA hai / bAlaka janma lete hI mAtA kA stanapAna karatA hai, bhUkha-pyAsa lagane para rotA hai, DaratA hai, apanI mAM ko pahacAnane lagatA hai, ye saba pravRttiyAM binA hI sikhAe bAlaka ko svataH sUjha jAtI haiM, isake pIche pUrvajanmakRta karma hI kAraNa haiN| akammassa vavahAro na vijjai / -AcArAMga 1 / 3 / 1 jo karma meM se akarma kI sthiti meM pahu~ca gayA hai, vaha tattvadarzI loka vyavahAra ko sImA se pare ho gayA hai| samve sayakammakappiyA -sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 2 / 6 / 18 sabhI prANI apane kRta-karmoM ke kAraNa nAnA yoniyoM meM bhramaNa karate haiM / jahA kaDaM kamma, tahAsi bhAre / -sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 5 / 1 / 26 jaisA kiyA huA karma, vaisA hI usakA bhoga / kattArameva praNujAi kmm| -uttarAdhyayanaM 13123 karma sadA kartA ke pIche-pIche (sAtha) calate haiN| Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only